HAL Id: tel-02102187
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02102187
Submitted on 17 Apr 2019
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
radiation hardness assurance and sensors qualication
Salvatore Danzeca
To cite this version:
Salvatore Danzeca. The new version of the Radiation Monitor system for the electronics at the CERN : electronic components radiation hardness assurance and sensors qualication. Electronics. Université Montpellier, 2015. English. �NNT : 2015MONTS196�. �tel-02102187�
!"# $!%#"# "# $!% &%#'($# )* $!&%% +%,&# )* &%#%,&-! ,$ ./012 3!"-! *)& 4% !,# 5%%6 ,6 %6&"-!"67 ,68 -!,((%67"67 %9:%&"%6-%;
< 3,6$ $) %9:&%## , 8%%: ,68 #"6-%&% 7&,$"$'8% $) 4+ ./01 #':%&="#)&2 >")=,66" ?:"%@",; A% !,# 5%%6 4)&% $!,6 , 4%6$)&2 , &%,( *&"%68; A% #'::)&$%8 4% "6 ,(( $!% ,-$"="$"%# ,682 3"$! !"# 3"8% B6)3(%87%2 *)(()3%8 4+ 3)&B -)6#$,6$(+; A% 7,=% 4% $!% )::)&$'6"$+ $) 5% ,'$)6)4)'#2 &%#:)6#"5(% ,68 $) 7&)3 ': ,# , 5%$$%& %67"6%%&; < ,4 $!,6B*'( $) !"4 ,(#) *)& !"# 5"7 !'4,6"$+ ,68 -)4:&%!%6#")6 )* ,(( $!% :&)5(%4#2 &%(,$%8 )& 6)$ $) $!% 3)&B;
< 3,6$ $) %9:&%## , #"6-%&% 7&,$"$'8% $) 4+ C&)*%##)& "6 D)6$:%(("%&2 E,'&%6$ F'##%,'; < *%($ ,(3,+# #'::)&$%8 5+ !"4 ,68 4+ 3)&B !,# ,(3,+# 5%%6 %6-)'&,7%8; A"# ,8="-%# ,68 #'::)&$ !,=% ,(3,+# 5%%6 "4:)&$,6$ $) 4%;
< ,4 8%%:(+ 7&,$%*'( $) $!% #%-$")6 (%,8%& G(%##,68&) D,#" 3!) 7,=% 4% $!% )::)&$'6"$+ $) 3)&B "6 !"# 7&)': )6 8"=%&#% %9-"$"67 :&)H%-$#; A% "# , &%*%&%6-% :)"6$ *)& 4%2 6)$ )6(+2 )6 $!% $%-!6"-,( #"8% 5'$ ,(#) )6 $!% 4,6,7%4%6$ #"8%; A"# )&7,6"@,$")6 #B"(( ,68 ,$$"$'8% "# &%,((+ "6#:"&"67 ,68 $!"# :'#!%# 4% $) 7"=% $!% 5%#$ )6 ,(( $!% :&)H%-$# < ,4 "6=)(=%8 "6;
D+ 7&,$"$'8% 7)%# ,(#) $) $!% 0I/ :&)H%-$ (%,8%& D,&B'# J&'77%&; A"# )'$())B ,68 ,5"("$+ $) *)(()3 8"K%&%6$ :&)H%-$# ,&% =%&+ "6#:"&"67; < ,4 7&,$%*'( *)& $!% &%L #:)6#"5"("$"%# !% 7"=%# $) 4% ,68 *)& $!% -)6M8%6-% :(,-%8 "6 4%;
C,&$ )* $!"# 3)&B 3,# :)##"5(% ,(#) $!,6B# $) $!% *&'"$*'( -)((,5)&,$")6 3"$! <.L D,(,7, ,68 "6 :,&$"-'(,& $) G(=,&) C"6%8, ,68 N),6 .%#,&"; !%+ &%,((+ 5%("%=% "6 $!% :&)H%-$ 3% -,&&+ )6 ,68 "$ "# ,(3,+# , :(%,#'&% 3)&B 3"$! $!%4;
J"7 $!,6B# 7)%# ,(#) $) 4+ *&"%68 ,68 -)((%,7'% 0'5%6; A% "# , =%&+ 7))8 *&"%68 ,68 , &%,((+ #B"((%8 :!+#"-"#$; A"# B6)3(%87% )* &,8",$")6 %6="&)64%6$# ,68 &,8",$")6 %K%-$# 5&"67 '# $) "6=%#$"7,$% )6 , 4+&",8 )* -)4:)6%6$#; O% #!,&%8 4,6+ &%,((+ 7))8 4)4%6$# ,$ 3)&B ,68 ,(#) )'$#"8%;
< 3,6$ $) $!,6B 3!,$ < -,(( P4+ #%-)68 *,4"(+Q "6 >%6%=,R 0"--,&8)2 0)#,&") ,68 1"-)(,; !%+ #'::)&$%8 4% "6 ,(( $!% 4)4%6$# )* $!% 8,+2 *&)4 $!% M&#$ -)K%% "6 $!% 4)&6"67 ': $) $!% 8"66%&; !%+ 4,B% 4% , 5%$$%& :%&#)6 ,68 < ,4 7&,$%*'( $) !,=% 4%$ $!%4; !% P1%,:)("$,6 ?'68,+Q ('6-! 3"$! $!%4 "# #)4%$!"67 $!,$ < 3"(( 6%=%& *)&7%$;
" C,2* #3+, !%2'3#- ,#C32%#),#$ "#6 (%C, $% !%2' !3$& $&,)8
!"#$ $% $&"#' )* +(%/,/$ D23,#6/0 !3$&%.$ $&,)0 )* (3D, 3# :,#,C" !%.(6 #%$ E, $&, /"),8 ;"2(%0 <"F%0 7")3"#%0 G2"#+,/+"0 5#62,"0 G"E23H3%0 1"2+,((%0 ?$,D"#% $&, $3), />,#$ !3$& $&,) 3/ 3#C"(."E(,8 &%>, $&"$ !, !3(( "(!"*/ E, $%-,$&,28
="2$3+.("2 $&"#'/ -%,/ $% =".( =,22%##"260 !&% 3/ $&, )%/$ /'3((,6 ,#-3#,,2 &"C, ,C,2 ),$8 5#* I.,/$3%#/ %2 >2%E(,)/ "2, /%(C,6 $&"#'/ $% &3/ &,(> "#6 D%2 &3) ,C,2*$&3#- 3/ >%//3E(,8 5 E3- $&"#'/ -%,/ "(/% $% "#%$&,2 +%((,"-., "#6 -%%6 D23,#60 ;&23/$%>&, 13$3@%$8 B&, $"('/ 2,("$,6 $% %.2 +%))%# />%2$ "663+$3%# "2, $&, $&3#-/ $&"$ (3-&$,# $&, &"26 %J+, !%2'8 K, 3/ " -2,"$ " >,2/%# $&"$ +"# "(!"*/ $2./$8
G3#"((*0 !%.(6 (3', $% $&"#' )* >"2,#$/ L/$,2 "#6 ="/I."(,0 )* E2%$&,2 G2"#+,/+%0 )* ".#$ 1"23#" "#6 )* -2"#6)%$&,2/ ?./* "#6 1"23"8 B&,* "2, "(!"*/ /.>>%2$3#-), "#6 ,#+%.2"-3#- /.>>%2$3#-), !3$& $&,32 E,/$ !3/&,/ "(!"*/ >./&3#- /.>>%2$3#-), $% 6% $&, E,/$8
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
!-% :*'9 ,"%5'-E"% )!" $'5!-)"5)&'" *+ )!" (": ?$,C*( IJKLA -)% '".-$E-.-)6 -( '$,-$)-*( "(/-'*(#"()% $(, )!" %)'$)";6 $,*8)", )* 5!**%" $(, 0&$.-+6 )!" %"(%*'%A &%", +*' #*(-)*'-(; )!" #-G", '$,-$)-*( <"., *+ )!" 123 $55"."'$)*'%= !" 3>?@ ;&-,".-("% :"'" $,*8)", )* 0&$.-+6 )!" ?$,C*( 5*#8*("()% &(,"' '$,-$)-*( -( *',"' )* ,"/".*8 $ (": $'5!-)"5)&'" E*)! #*'" )*."'$() )* '$,-$)-*( $(, #*'" /"'%$)-." )!$( )!$) *+ )!" 8'"/-*&% /"'%-*(= F( )!-% 5*()"G)A )!" 5!$.."(;"% )!$) '$,-$)-*( )"%)% -#8*%" +*' #"$%&'-(; M-(;." >/"() >7"5)% IM>N%L *( $ 5*#8."G #-G",H%-;($. 5*#8*("() %&5! $% )!" O($.*; )* P-;-)$. 5*(/"')"'A .", )* )!" ,"/".*8#"() *+ $( -((*/$)-/" )"%) )"5!(-0&"A :!-5! :-.. E" ,"%5'-E", -( )!-% )!"%-%=
!" '".-$E-.-)6 *+ )!" ?$,C*( #"$%&'"#"()% %)'*(;.6 ,"8"(,% *( )!" 5$.-E'$)-*( *+ -)% %"(%*'%= !" 5*#8."G '$,-$)-*( "(/-'*(#"() *+ )!" 123 -#8*%"% $ 8"5&.-$' 0&$.-<5$)-*( 8'*5"%% :!-5! :-.. E" ,"%5'-E", $(, ,-%5&%%", -( )!-% :*'9 +*' )!" ?$,H Q")% I *)$. F*(-R-(; P*%" %"(%*'L $(, )!" M?OC #"#*'-"% I2-;! >("';6 2$,'*(% S&"(5" %"(%*'L=
!" &%" *+ )!" ?$,Q") -( $ #-G", <"., '$,-$)-*( "(/-'*(#"() !$% E""( %)&,-", $(, $($.6R", E6 #"$(% *+ !3* %*&'5"% $% :".. $% 8'*)*( E"$#% $) ,-7"'"() "("';-"%= !"
?$,Q")% !$/" E""( '"H5$.-E'$)", E6 %)&,6-(; )!" ,*%" '$)"A 8$')-5." %*&'5"%A )"#8"'H $)&'"A $(("$.-(; $(, +$,-(; "7"5)% $% $ +&(5)-*( *+ )!" *G-," )!-59("%%= Q&')!"'#*'"A )!$(9% )* )!" (": $'5!-)"5)&'" *+ )!" ?$,C*(A (": E-$%-(; 5*(<;&'$)-*(% !$/" E""( )"%)", )* -#8'*/" )!" '"%*.&)-*(= :* )68"% *+ M?OC #"#*'-"% :-)! )"5!(*.*;6 (*,"% *+ TUU(# $(, VU(# !$/" E""( )"%)", $(, 5$.-E'$)", E6 +*..*:-(; $ %)'-5) 0&$.-<5$)-*( #")!*,*.*;6 :!-5! -(5.&,"% )"%)% :-)! 8'*)*(% -( )!" '$(;" WUXTUU C"JA $(, :-)! ("&)'*(% +'*# )!"'#$. "("';-"% &8 )* -()"'#",-$)" "("';-"% I∼YT C"JL= !" VU(# #"#*'6 -#8'*/"% )!" $55&'$56 $(, '"%*.&)-*( *+ )!" !$,'*(% S&"(5" #"$%&'"#"()%=
-( - "#(+,& !/ - 2"!3#4+"# 5')3' 5),, 0# 4#&-),#4 ). &')( 5!"67
8'# #9!"&( &!5-"4( &'# )*2"!$#*#.& !/ &'# 8:; *#-(+"#*#.&( "#(!,+&)!. /!" &'# .#5 <-4 !. ,#-4 &! &'# "#(#-"3' -.4 (&+41 !/ - .#5 &12# !/ 4!()*#&#" (#.(!"= &'# >,!-&).? @-&# 4!()*#&#" A>@;BCD7 8'# (#.(!" #*0#4( 3!*2,#E 3)"3+)&"1% &'+( - /+,, "-4)-&)!. F+-,)G3-&)!. 5-( .#3#((-"17 )E#4 G#,4 "-4)-&)!. &#(&(% !H! -.4 2"!&!.(
&#(&( '-$# 0##. 3-"")#4 !+& ). !"4#" &! #$-,+-&# &'# 2#"/!"*-.3# -.4 &'# 2!(()0,# )((+#( !/ &'# (#.(!"7 :. &')( 3!.&#E&% -. -.-,1&)3-, *!4#, !/ &'# (#.(!" 5-( 4#$#,!2#4 &! 2"!$# &'-& &'# I!-&).? ?-&# (&"+3&+"# 3-. 0# +(#4 -( 3'-"?# 1)#,4 *#-(+"#*#.& ).(&"+*#.& -& "!!* &#*2#"-&+"# -.4 -& ,!5 #,#3&")3 G#,4(7
8'# "-4)-&)!. &!,#"-.3# 3'-"-3&#")J-&)!. !/ &'# '-"45-"#% &'# F+-,)G3-&)!. -.4 3-,)0"-&)!. 2"!3#(( !/ &'# (#.(!"( '-$# ()?.)G3-.&,1 )*2"!$#4 &'# !$#"-,, "#,)-0),)&1 -.4 F+-,)&1 !/ &'# *#-(+"#*#.&( !/ &'# .#5 <-4 !.7 8'#(# )*2"!$#*#.&( &+".#4 )& ).&! - "#/#"#.3# ).(&"+*#.& /!" "-4)-&)!. *!.)&!").? !/ 3!*2,#E *)E#4 G#,4(% (+3' -( &'# !.# #.3!+.&#"#4 ). &'# KLH% )&( ).M#3&!"( 3'-).% -.4 !&'#" 2-"&)3,# 2'1()3( "#(#-"3' 3#.&#"(% (+3' -( NKOP ). QC% NRSO<H ). N-2-.7
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
3# .&!*!)1 '90&). 14!&0;).#0.%&# '% (-%*#!% A!'E-( JKLMC $! 6!I)1).9 '!($ 1#$ #(? *)&-((#"#(.$ &!')!.):$ #. '# 1! $.&!.9/)# !'-<.9# <-%& 0;-)$)& #. 7%!1)6#& 1#$ 0!<.#%&$ %.)1)$9$ <-%& $%&*#)11#& 1# 0;!"< '# &!,-((#"#(. ")+.# '#$ !00919&!.#%&$ '% 23= #$ ')�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
! 6!I)1).9 '#$ "#$%&#$ #8#0.%9#$ <!& 1# A!'E-( '9<#(' :-&.#"#(. '# 149.!1-((!/# '#$ 0!<.#%&$= 4#(*)&-((#"#(. &!')!.): 0-"<1#+# '% 23 )"<-$# %( <&-0#$$%$ '# 7%!1)60!.)-( <!&.)0%1)#& 7%) $#&! '90&). #. ')$0%.9 '!($ 0# .&!*!)1 <-%& 1#$ A!'R#.$ J0!<.#%& '-$# )-()$!(.#M #. 1#$ "9"-)&#$ PASE J0!<.#%& '# T%#(0# 2)/; @(#&/, 2!'&-($M=
4%.)1)$!.)-( '% A!'R#. '!($ %( 0;!"< ")+.# '# &!,-((#"#(. ! 9.9 9.%')9 #. !(!1,$9 !% "-,#( '# $-%&0#$ '# !3- #. '# :!)$0#!%+ '# <&-.-($ '# ')89&#(.#$ 9(?
#&/)#$= #$ A!'R#.$ -(. 9.9 &9U9.!1-((9 #( 9.%')!(. 1# '9I). '# '-$#C 1#$ $-%&0#$ '# <!&.)0%1#$C 1! .#"<9&!.%&#C 1! /%9&)$-( .;#&")7%# #( :-(0.)-( '# 149<!)$$#%& '4-+,'#= @( -%.&#C /&V0# N 1! (-%*#11# !&0;).#0.%&# '# 1! A!'E-(C '# (-%*#11#$ 0-(6/%&!.)-($ '# <-1!&)$!.)-( -(. 9.9 .#$.9#$ <-%& !"91)-&#& 1! &9$-1%.)-(=
4+)&-!5( (!' $!'$' &-+$+5'@ (25' 82 &829! (! A< B ;<< 1!C !$ 5!"$-+5'@ (!&",' 8!' *5!-9,!' $7!-),:"!' D"':"EB (!' *5!-9,!' ,5$!-)*(,2,-!' F∼G; 1!CHI J2 )*)+,-! =< 5) 2)*8,+-! 82 &-*4,',+5 !$ 82 -*'+8"$,+5 (! 82 )!'"-! (! 82 K"!54! 72(-+5,:"!I L5 +"$-!@ 8E"$,8,'2$,+5 ',)"8$25*! (!' (!"# $%&!' (! )*)+,-!' 2)*8,+-! 82 &-*4,',+5 (! 82 (*$!4$,+5 (!' 5!"$-+5' $7!-),:"!' &2- -2&&+-$ B 82 3!-',+5 &-*4*(!5$!@ 9-M4! B "5! &-+4*("-! :", '!-2 (*$2,88*! (25' 4! $-232,8I
J!' !N+-$' !5 3"! (! 8E2)*8,+-2$,+5 (! 82 -*'+8"$,+5 (!' )!'"-!' (! OP &+"-8! 5+"3!2" /2(1+5 4+5(",'!5$ B 82 -!47!-47! !$ B 8E*$"(! (E"5 5+"3!2" $%&! (! (+',)Q$-! R 8! (+',)Q$-! 2 S-,88! T8+$$25$! FTS U.HI J! 42&$!"- ,5$*9-25$ "5! *8!4V $-+5,:"! 4+)&8!#!@ "5! :"28,?42$,+5 4+)&8Q$! '+"' -2%+55!)!5$ *$2,$ 5*4!''2,-!I !' $!'$' !5 472)& ),#$!@ (!' $!'$' 2" !W+ !$ (!' $!'$' 2" &-+$+5' +5$ *$* -*28,'*' 2?5
(E*328"!- 8!' &!-X+-)254!' !$ 8!' &-+>8Q)!' &+$!5$,!8' (" 42&$!"-I 25' 4! 4+5$!#$!@ "5 )+(Q8! 2528%$,:"! (" 42&$!"- 2 *$* 4+5Y" &+"- (*)+5$-!- :"! 82 '$-"4$"-! B S-,88! T8+$$25$! &+"32,$ Z$-! "$,8,'*! 4+))! ,5'$-")!5$ (! )!'"-! (" [472-9! %,!8(\ B $!)&*-2$"-! 2)>,25$! !$ '+"' (!' 472)&' *8!4$-,:"!' X2,>8!'I
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` 2"# a$2$'Vb5,'@ _Vc0/W 2" _2&+5I
!"#$%&'(#)%" * + ,-&)-#)%" ./0(#1 %" .20(#$%")(13 401# 5#$-#067 -"& 401# 8-()2#)01 !" #$%&$'&() *+,-'. () ,/,-'0()&- -(12(),)'. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "" !"!" 3$.&- 456 ,+,-'. () 789 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "" !"! 9&):/, *;,)'. *+,-'. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "< !"!< 3$.&- 6&.2/$-,1,)' 6$1$:, ,+,-' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "= ! 9'0$',:> ?(0 @A$/&'> $..A0$)-, (? 'B, ,/,-'0()&-. -(12(),)'. &) 'B,
CDE $--,/,0$'(0 ,);&0()1,)' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "F !< 4,.' G$-&/&'&,. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !<!" H$A/ 9-B,00,0 5).'&'A', H5G G$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! < !<! 4#5I7G J H5G G$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! K !<!< CL#J"M 4B,01$/ ),A'0() ?$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! K !<!K H43 N H5OG ?$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! P !<!M G0$A)B(?,0 5).'&'A', !E( ?$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! =
!<!P I)&;,0.&'> (? 9$)'&$:( %, E$12(.',/$ !E( G$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! F
!<!= DK5##O6 Q E*#R 1&S,% T,/% G$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! U !<!F ER#O6 Q E*#R 1&S,% T,/% G$-&/&'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <V 9 ,-&)-#)%" :%")#%$)"6 571#0; ,-&:%" 9 <!" 4B, #$%7() 9>.',1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! < <!"!" #$%7() LM ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! < <!"! #$%7() LM $0-B&',-'A0, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! << <!"!< #$%7() LM (2,0$'&()$/ &..A,. $)% -()'0(;,0.> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <M <!"!K #$%7() LP ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <= <!"!M GHWO &12/,1,)'$'&() $)% 0$%&$'&() 1&'&:$'&() ',-B)&@A,. ?(0
'B, #$%7() .>.',1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KV <! #$%7() @A$/&'> $..A0$)-, &) 0$%&$'&() ,);&0()1,)'. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! K <! !" L(/'$:, #,:A/$'(0. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! K
'(&(& )*+, ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( -. '(&(' ,/ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( -0 '(' 123456 %7%#$8 923:2#:!" #$%# ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( .-'(- ;<88297 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( .. !"#$%& '()*+%&%, -. -(= 45; /!%:8$#97 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0> -(=(= ,""$2?:"@ !A #B$ 5C:3$ D92E% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0--(=(& 123)$# 9$23!<# ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0--(& 123)$# B292F#$9:G2#:!" ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0H -(' ! ! F2?:I92#:!" =>> "8 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0J -('(= ,""$2?:"@ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( H= -(- ! ! F2?:I92#:!" ->> "8 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( H--(-(= ,""$2?:"@ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( H0 -(-(& D$8E$92#<9$ F!$KF:$"# 8$2%<9$8$"#% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( H0 -(. L%$ !A #B$ 123)$# :" 2 8:C$3 M$?3 $"N:9!"8$"# ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( HO -(0 ;<88297 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( J' - /!01 +%+(,*%) ") 232 $45%67% )%6)(, 89 .(= 4$8!97 D$%# ;#92#$@7 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( JO .(& D$%# ;$#<E 2"3 E9!F$3<9$ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( O> .(' PCE$9:8$"#2? 1$%<?#% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( O.
.('(= 7E9$%% F9!%% %$F#:!" A!9 E9!#!"%Q #B$982? "$<#9!"% 2"3 "$<R #9!"% 2# :"#$98$3:2#$ $"$9@:$% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( O0 .('(& DB$982? 6$<#9!" D$%# ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( OO .('(' 6$<#9!"% #$%# ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( =>> .('(- S<9%# $N$"#% !" 7E9$%% 8$8!97 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( =>= .('(. DT/ 1!I<%#"$%% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( =>' .('(0 D!%B:I2 ;1,4 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( =>0 .('(H D!%B:I2 F9!%% %$F#:!" A!9 E9!#!"%Q #B$982? "$<#9!"% 2"3 "$<R
#9!"% 2# :"#$98$3:2#$ $"$9@:$% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( =>0 .(- L%$ !A #B$ ;1,4 2% U239!" V<$"F$ F!<"#$9 !" #B$ "$W 1234!" ( ( =>O .(-(= ;#92#$@7 A!9 3:%F9:8:"2#:"@ UPU 2"3 DB$982? "$<#9!"% ( ( ( ( =>O .(-(& 4$2%<9$8$"#% :" #B$ XU 8:C$3 923:2#:!" M$?3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( === .(. ;<88297 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ==-: $4("&*6; <"&% '()*+%&%, ==9 0(= Y!9Z:"@ E9:"F:E?$ ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ==H
'()() *#$+",-.$/"# $" $0% 12"3$/#4 53$% 678 ,%9/.%& ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )): '()(; <0% 12"3$/#4 53$% ="&/>%$%+ ?"+@/#4 A+/#./A2% ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( );) '()( *>A2%>%#$3$/"# 3#, A+3$/.32 /&&-%& ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ); '()(B 15=78 $%&$ &%$-A ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( );C '()(C D%3,"-$ E24"+/$0> ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( );: '(; D3,/3$/"# $%&$ +%&-2$& ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( );F '(;() D3,/3$/"# $%&$ 3$ GB*DDE= ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( );F '(;(; D3,/3$/"# $%&$ 3$ $0% H8! 13./2/$I ?/$0 !!" ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ; '(;( J+"$"# *++3,/3$/"# 3$ J8* ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ' '( 15=78 >",%2 3#, .03+4% I/%2, >%3&-+%>%#$& ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )B) '(B 8->>3+I ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )BB !"#$%&'("#' )#* "&+%"",' -.
()$&*+,-$.*)
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
Q"()# /11#)#,/!(&; :#/8 )%''#' 1/& %11+, !",%+;"%+! !"(' 1"/(& %3 /11#)#,/!%,' /! '#9#,/) )%1/!(%&' /&7 !",%+;" !",## ;#&#,/) 1/!#;%,(#'R
S> :#/8 1%))('(%& (& !"# F1)#/&(&; -%(&!G ="#,# -/,! %3 !"# :#/8 (&!#,1#-!' / 1%)4 )(8/!%, 5%, 1%))(8/!%,N)(@# %:E#1!'6 (& %,7#, !% /9%(7 7('!,(:+!#7 )%''#' (& %!"#, -/,!' %3 !"# /11#)#,/!%,T
U> :#/8 1%))('(%& /! !"# #D-#,(8#&!/) /,#/'T
V> :#/8 (&!#,/1!(%& =(!" ,#'(7+/) ;/' (&'(7# !"# -(-#>
W#/8 (&!#,/1!(%&' !"+' ,#'+)! (& / 1%8-)#D ,/7(/!(%& X#)7 1%8-%'#7 %3 7(Y#,#&! -/,!(1)# !<-#' /&7 #&#,;(#'> I(;" ,/7(/!(%& )#9#)' #&1%+&!#,#7 /! $*02 (& 9/,(%+' HI$ +&7#,;,%+&7 /,#/'C /' =#)) /' (!' (&E#1!%, 1"/(&C (& -/,!(1+)/, !"# (&!#;,/!#7 Z+D 5"#,#/3!#, ,#3#,,#7 !% /' Z+#&1#6 %3 "(;"4#&#,;< "/7,%&' 5-/,!(1)#' =(!" /& #&#,;<
1%2+*, $!% 3%45 #+6% " 6/7*/8."*$ &/69 $+ ":: %:%.$&+*/.6 /; $!%2 "&% *+$ 6#%./8."::2 ,%6/7*%, +& $%6$%, ;+& 6-.! &",/"$/+* :%<%:6(
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
=!% HID &",/"$/+* %*</&+*>%*$6 "&% -*/R-% /* $%&>6 +; >/M%, #"&$/.:% $2#%6 "*, %*%&7/%6 /*<+:<%,P 1-$ ":6+ 1%."-6% +; $!% ,/S%&%*$ &"*7%6 +; V-M%6 "*, ,+6% A!/.! /6 #+66/1:% $+ !"<% /* $!% ,/S%&%*$ W+*%6 +; $!% "..%:%&"$+&6( )* $!% X/7-&% 'B' "* +<%&</%A +; $!% &",/"$/+* :%<%:6 A!/.! /6 #+66/1:% $+ >%"6-&% /* $!% "..%:%&"$+&6 .+>#:%M /6 &%#+&$%,( =!% !/7! V-M%6 +; !/7!B%*%&72 !",&+*6 "*, $!% !/7! ,+6%6 /* W+*%6 :/9% $!% /*Q%.$+&6 .!"/* GOFP FOF P OFY5 "*, 6%<%&": W+*%6 /* $!% ?@ $-**%: 6-.! "6 $!% .+::/>"$+&6 Z'[P &%R-/&% " 626$%> A!/.! /6 ."#"1:% +; >%"6-&/*7 A/$!+-$ 6"$-&"$/*7 V-M%6 /* $!% +&,%& +; 1 × 1010 #"&$/.:%6 #%& !+-& "*, .->-:"$%, ,+6%6 -#
$+ ' \E2 #%& 2%"&( ]* $!% +$!%& 6/,%P "6 ,%#/.$%, /* X/7-&% 'B'P $!%&% "&% $!% 6+ ."::%, ^#&+$%.$%, W+*%6_ A!%&% $!% &",/"$/+* :%<%:6 7+ "6 :+A "6 1 × 106 #"&$/.:%6 #%&
!+-& "*, 1%:+A ' E&"2 #%& 2%"& ;+& $!% .->-:"$%, ,+6%(
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
!"#$%& '(') *+,"+-"./ 0&1&02 3&% 4&+% +0./# -5& 67*8 +99&0&%+-.% 9.:30&; &;3%&22&, "/ -&%: .< =>?@ A7A +/, '(B&C /&$-%./ &D$"1+0&/- E$&/9&2 F'GH
!.% -5"2 %&+2./@ -5& *+,B./ 242-&: 5+2 I&&/ ,&1&0.3&, I4 -5& 67*8 78#"/&&%"/# J78K ,&3+%-:&/- FLGH
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
>/ +,,"-"./ -. -5& -5& /&M 5+%,M+%& ,&1&0.3:&/-@ -5& :+"/ .IW&9-"1& M+2 -. ":3%.1& -5& ,.2":&-%4 3+%-H >/,&&,@ -5& M",& %+/#&2 .< -5& D$+/-"-"&2 -. I& :&+2$%&, "/ -5& 67*8 9.:30&; %&D$"%& + 3%.3&% 2&0&9-"./ .< -5& 2&/2.%2 -. I& $2&, +/, + 2-%"9-9+0"I%+-"./ 3%.9&22H =5"2 -5&2"2 25.M2 5.M -5& .1&%+00 +99$%+94 .< -5& :&+2$%&:&/-2 5+2 I&&/ ":3%.1&, I4 9+%%4"/# /&M 9+0"I%+-"./ 9+:3+"#/2 <.% &+95 2&/2.%H
>/ -5"2 2&/2&@ -5& *+,!&-2 +/, -5& X*QB :&:.%"&2 $2&, ./ -5& *+,B./ 5+1& I&&/ 9+0"I%+-&, "/ ,"Y&%&/- %+,"+-"./ O&0,2 M5"95 +%& %&3%&2&/-+-"1& .< -5& ZA6 %+,"+-"./
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
=!% !"&,9"&% ,%1%5+#2%*$ +: $!% ?",B+* JK /4 ,%4.&/A%, /* !"#$%& L7 !/<!M 5/<!$/*< $!% *%9 :%"$-&%4 "*, /2#&+1%2%*$4 9/$! &%4#%.$ $+ $!% #&%1/+-4 1%&4/+*( =!% F-"5/>."$/+* 4$&"$%<6 /2#+4%4 $!% &",/"$/+* $%4$4 +: "55 $!% !"&,9"&% .+2#+*%*$47 $!-4 /* $!% 5"4$ #"&$ +: $!% .!"#$%&7 $!% &",/"$/+* $%4$4 &%4-5$4 +: 4+2% /2#+&$"*$ .+2#+*%*$4 4-.! "4 $!% @NO37 $!% 3P "*, $!% 1+5$"<% &%<-5"$+&4 "&% &%#+&$%, "*, "*"568%,(
!"#$%& Q /4 ,%,/."$%, $+ $!% ?",@%$4R $!% 9+&C/*< #&/*./#5%4 "&% ,%4.&/A%, /* $!% >&4$ #"&$ "5+*< 9/$! $!% $%.!*/F-% -4%, $+ &%", $!%2( =!% ."5/A&"$/+*4 :+& ,/;%&%*$ .+*><-&"$/+*4 "*, $!% 4$-,6 +* $!% "**%"5/*< ":$%& /&&",/"$/+* "&% &%#+&$%,( 3 4$-,6 +* $!% $%2#%&"$-&% .+%S./%*$ "4 :-*.$/+* +: $!% .-2-5"$%, ,+4% /4 "54+ #%&:+&2%, /* +&,%& $+ .+&&%.$ :+& /$ ,-&/*< +#%&"$/+*( =!% 5"4$ #"&$ +: $!% .!"#$%& /4 ,%,/."$%, $+ $!% 4$-,6 +* $!% %;%.$ +: $!% 2/T%, &",/"$/+* >%5, +* $!% ?",@%$ &%4#+*4%(
=!% &%4-5$4 +* $!% U?3B 2%2+&/%4 -4%, /* $!% ?",B+* JK "4 !",&+* D-%*.% .+-*$%&4 "&% &%#+&$%, /* !"#$%& V( =!% U?3B 2%2+&/%4 :&+2 =+4!/A" "*, 6#&%44 !"1% A%%* $%4$%, /* 4%1%&"5 &",/"$/+* :"./5/$/%4( =!% /2#&+1%2%*$ +* $!% "..-&".6 </1%* A6 $!% -4% +: A+$! 2%2+&/%4 "$ $!% 4"2% $/2% +* $!% ?",B+* JK !"4 A%%* "*"568%, "*, ,/4.-44%, /* " ,%,/."$%, #"&"<&"#! +: $!/4 .!"#$%&(
=!% 5"4$ .!"#$%& W !"#$%& KX /4 ,%,/."$%, $+ $!% D+"$/*< <"$% 4%*4+& 9!/.! !"4 " ,/;%&%*$ 9+&C/*< #&/*./#5% :&+2 $!% ?",@%$7 $!-47 " ,%%# "*"564/4 +: $!% #!64/.4 A%!/*, /$ /4 </1%*( =!% 4%*4+& /4 %2A%,,%, /* " .+2#5%T &%",+-$ 464$%2 "*, "55 /$4 :-*.$/+*"5/$/%4 "&% ,%4.&/A%, /* $!/4 .!"#$%&( =!% $%4$ &%4-5$4 +A$"/*%, 9/$! "
!"#$#%&#' &( )%'#"$&*%' &+# ,#- !*"*.#&#"$ (/ &+# $#%$("0 1)"&+#".("#2 3& +*$ 4##% '#.(%$&"*&#' &+*& &+# 5(*&3%6 6*&# $&")7&)"# 3$ *8$( * 6((' 3%$&").#%& &( .#*$)"# &+# 7+*"6# -3#8' *& 9#"- 8(: #8#7&"37 ;#8'0
(")*"$*+, -.%/$0 +, -1%/$&+,*/02 3%0$
4$&"$%56 ",) 3%0$ 7"/*1$*%0
!" #$%&$'&() *+,-'. () ,/,-'0()&- -(12(),)'.
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
!"!" #$%&' ()* +,+'-% ./ 012
!" *#&-,&$, ,"H-)#)(- +($ #!" 02 "."%# )* & I%)$%A)# ,"'$&,&#)(- ($ +&)/A$" $"*A/#J )-' +$(7 $&,)&#)(-J)-,A%", %!&$'" #$&66)-' )- )-*A/&#)-' /&="$* 3A*A&//= (G),"*4K LMN; !" )-*A/&#)-' (G)," /&="$ !&* & *#$(-' )-OA"-%" (- #!" F"#&/ PG)," 8"7)%(-,A%#($ 3FP84 <($Q)-' +A-%#)(-; !" 7(*# )76($#&-# 7"%!&-)*7* )- #!" ,"'$&,&#)(- (+
$!% :;5 #%&8,&<"-0%1 "&% 0"=1%* >7 +,-+?+-6 &"*+"$+,- +- $!% *+,@+*% 2"7%&1 "-* >7 $!% #!,$,0=&&%-$ 6%-%&"$+,- +- $!% 1,=&0% "-* *&"+- A=-0$+,- ,8 " :;5 $&"-1+1$,&( 4!% %/%0$1 *=% $, $!% +,-+?+-6 &"*+"$+,- +- $!% 5+; 2"7%& B+22 >% *%%#27 "-"27?%* !"#$%& CD +- $!+1 #"&"6&"#! " 1!,&$ &%E+%B +1 6+E%- +- ,&*%& $, #&%1%-$ " 0,<#2%$% ,E%&E+%B ,8 "22 $!% &"*+"$+,- %/%0$1(
F+6=&% 'G9H .-%&67 >"-* *+"6&"< 8,& " >+"1%* :;5 1$&=0$=&% B+$! $!% #!71+0"2 #&,0%11%1 +-E,2E%* +- $!% &"*+"$+,- &%1#,-1%( IJK(
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
S,-6N$%&< &"*+"$+,- %/%0$1 "&% <"-+8%1$%* $!&,=6! #"&"<%$&+0 1!+8$1 +- :;5 *%E+0%1 "-* 0"- 2"1$ 8&,< !,=&1 $, 7%"&1( T-*%%*3 " <"A,& %2%0$&+0"2 0,-1%U=%-0% ,8 $!% &"*+"$+,- +-*=0%* 0!"&6+-6 ,8 $!% 5+; 2"7%&1 +1 " 1!+8$ ,8 $!% $!&%1!,2* E,2$"6%(
45- (51-/5)0& 6)0(%7- %8(-1 (5- '11%&'%(')* .%* 9- :1'((-* %/;
Vth(t) = Vth(0) + ∆Vth(t) <"# =
:5-1- Vth(0) '/ (5- (51-/5)0& 6)0(%7- 9-8)1- (5- '11%&'%(')* %*& ∆Vth(t) '/
/5'8( %8(-1 '11%&'%(')*# 45- 31->'11%&'%(')* 6)0(%7- (51-/5)0& &-3-*&/ )* (5-:)1? 8@*.(')* 3)(-*('%0 )8 (5- ABCD )E'&- (5'.?*-// %*& (-23-1%(@1- FGH# 45- '*'('%0 (51-/5)0& &-3-*&/ %0/) )* (5- )E'&- .5%17-/ %*& '*(-18%.- (1%3/ %01-%&I -E'/('*7 9-8)1-(5- '11%&'%(')*D 9@( @/@%00I 8)1 %.(@%0 &-6'.-/ 9-8)1-(5-'1 &-*/'(I '/ 8%'10I 0):#
45- 2)/( '23)1(%*( -,-.( )8 6%1'%(')* )8 ABC (51-/5)0& 6)0(%7- '/ (5-.5%*7- '* '(/ .@11-*(>6)0(%7- .5%1%.(-1'/('.# 45- 4JK -,-.( )* (5- &1%'* .@11-*( %/ % 8@*.(')* )8 (5- 7%(- 3)(-*('%0 8)1 %* *>ABC (I3- (1%*/'/()1 '/ &-3'.(-& '* L'7@1- "M"# N/ (5- .@2@0%(-& 4JK '*.1-%/-/D (5- J>O .@16-/ %1- /5'8(-& () % 2)1- *-7%('6- 6)0(%7-%*& (5-'1 /0)3- &-.1-%/-/# J* %&&'(')* () (5- (51-/5)0& 6)0(%7- /5'8(D (5- /@9(51-/5)0& .@16-/ %*& (5- 2'&7%3 3)(-*('%0 %0/) .5%*7- FPH# J* 3%1('.@0%1D (5- 0-%?%7- .@11-*( :5-* (5- (1%*/'/()1 '/ '* (5- BLL .)*&'(')* .%* '*.1-%/-# 45'/D '* (@1*D .%* 5%6- % &1%/('. '23%.( )* (5- .5%1%.(-1'/('. %*& 0'8-('2- )8 (5- '*(-71%(-& .'1.@'( )8 :5'.5 (5- ABC '/ 3%1( )8# 45- .5%*7- '* (5- /0)3- )8 (5- J>O .@16- .5%1%.(-1'/('. '/ &@- () (5- &-71%&%(')* )8 (5- .%11'-1 2)9'0'(I '* (5- .5%**-0 )8 (5- (1%*/'/()1# J( 5%/ 9--* /5):* (5%( (5- 2)9'0'(I &-71%&%(')* .)11-0%(-/ :'(5 (5- 1%&'%(')*>'*&@.-& '*(-18%.- (1%3/ FQH# 45- 4JK '/ % .@2@0%('6- -,-.( )8 3%1('.@0%1 '23)1(%*.- '* (5-R)*- '* :5'.5 (5- 1%&'%(')* 0-6-0/ %1- S@'(- 5'75 %*& :5-1- .)23)*-*( 0'8- ('2- '/ )8 3%1('.@0%1 '23)1(%*.-#
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
!"! #$%&'( )*(%+, )-(.+,
45- /'*70- -6-*( -,-.( '/ '*'('%(-& 9I % /'*70- 3%1('.0-D :5'.5 '*(-1%.('*7 :'(5 (5-/@11)@*&'*7 2%(-1'%0 .%* 31)&@.- 2%*I &',-1-*( -,-.(/ '* %* -0-.(1)*'. .'1.@'(# K-M /(1@.('6- %*& *)*>&-/(1@.('6- -6-*(/ &@- () /'*70- 3%1('.0- /(1'?- %1- 1-3)1(-& '* 4%90-"# #
;+6<&% '='> Id− Vgs 0<&?% 8,& " -@$7#% AB5( 4!% $!&%1!,2* ?,2$"6% "-* $!% C+*6"#
?,2$"6% 1!+8$ D%8,&% "-* "8$%& $!% +&&"*+"$+,- "&% *%#+0$%* EFG(
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
M,,N+-6 *%%#%& "$ $!% *+&%0$ +,-+I"$+,- #&,0%113 H!%- "- %-%&6%$+0 #"&$+02% #"11%1 4"D2% '(9> M+1$ ,8 *%1$&<0$+?% "-* -,-@*%1$&<0$+?% 1+-62% %?%-$1 %/%0$1 ,- %2%0$&,-+0 0,C#,-%-$1(
)%1<2$ O0!&,-7C ./%0$ -"C% J%10&+#$+,-P,-=J%1$&<0$+?% 5.K 5+-62% .?%-$ K#1%$ " *+6+$"2 2,6+0 1$"$%5H+$0!+-6 ,8 P,-=J%1$&<0$+?% 5.4 5+-62% .?%-$ 4&"-1+%-$ Q,2$"6% $&"-1+%-$"$ 0+&0<+$ -,*% P,-=J%1$&<0$+?% 5.;R ;<-0$+,-"2 R-$%&&<#$5+-62% .?%-$ ;<-0$+,-"2 8"+2<&%,8 0,-$&,2 2,6+0
J%1$&<0$+?% 5.S 5+-62% .?%-$ S<&-,<$ +- D+#,2"& "-* U,H%& AB5;.4T+6! <&&%-$ 0,-*+$+,-J%1$&<0$+?% 5.V) 5+-62% .?%-$ V"$% )<#$<&% V"$% +- #,H%& AB5;.4J%1$&<0$+,- ,8 R-1<2"$%* J%1$&<0$+?% 5.M 5+-62% .?%-$ M"$0!<# +- #"&"1+$+0 $!7&+1$,&T+6! 0<&&%-$
(41)564 % /-2'.)*&5.()1 2%(-1'%0 '( 1-0-%/-/ .4%16-& .%11'-1/ %0)*6 '(/ 3%(4 %/ '( 0)/-/ -*-167# 84-* %00 )9 '(/ -*-167 '/ 0)/(: (4- 3%1('.0- .)2-/ () 1-/( '* (4- /-2'.)*&5.()1: 4%;'*6 (1%;-0-& % ()(%0 3%(4 0-*6(4 1-9-11-& () %/ <1%*6-=# >4- (-12/ 0'*-%1 -*-167 (1%*/9-1 ?@+>A )1 dE/dx &-/.1'B-/ (4- -*-167 0)// 3-1 5*'( 3%(4 0-*6(4 )9 % 3%1('.0-%/ '( 33%1('.0-%//-/ (41)564 % 2%(-1'%0# @+> 43%1('.0-%/ 5*'(/ )9 C-DE.2 F26# 8- .%* -%/'07 1-0%(-(4- @+> )9 % 3%1('.0- () '(/ .4%16- &-3)/'(')* 3-1 5*'( 3%(4 0-*6(4: B-.%5/- 9)1 % 6';-* 2%(-1'%0 '( (%G-/ % .-1(%'* %2)5*( )9 -*-167 () 1-0-%/- %* -0-.(1)*E4)0- 3%'1# H'1-.( ')*'I%(')* '/ (4- 31'2%17 .4%16- &-3)/'(')* 2-.4%*'/2 9)1 53/-(/ .%5/-& B7 4-%;7 ')*/: J4-1- J- 1%(4-1 0))/-07 &-K*- % 4-%;7 ')* %/ %*7 ')* J'(4 %()2'. *52B-1 L ≥ "# H'1-.( ')*'I%(')* B7 0'64( 3%1('.0-/ 5/5%007 &)-/ *)( 31)&5.- % 4'64 -*)564 .4%16-&-*/'(7 () .%5/- 53/-(/: %0(4)564 9)1 0%(-/( (-.4*)0)67 *)&-/ (4- &'1-.( ')*'I%(')* &5-() 0'64(-1 3%1('.0-/ .%* B- 3)//'B0- M NO#
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
# .%11'-1/ .%* 2);- B7 &1'9( '* 1-/3)*/- () %330'-& )1 B5'0(E'* K-0&/ '* (4- &-;'.-# "# .%11'-1/ .%* 2);- B7 &',5/')* 5*&-1 (4- '*W5-*.- )9 .%11'-1 .)*.-*(1%(')* 61%E
&'-*(/ J'(4'* (4-
&-;'.-X# .%11'-1/ .%* B- %**'4'0%(-& B7 1-.)2B'*%(')* (41)564 &'1-.( )1 *)*E&'1-.( 31)E .-//-/
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
;+6<&% '=>? )%@%&1% A+"1%* #B- C<-0$+,- !+$ A7 " +,- 1$&+D%( 4!% 1$&+D% +1 8,22,E%* A7 " *&+8$ "-* *+/<1+,- 0<&&%-$(
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
4'561- "789 :$;< .-00 ='( >? % ')* /(1'@- )* '(/ ), *)&-#
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−13
− 10−14
.2 R>'(# A=- -*('1- S=%3(-1 T '/ &-&'.%(-& () (=- 1-Q6'1-2-*(/E .=%1%.(-1'I%(')* %*& 2-%/61-2-*(/ )B (=- $%&<)* :$;< 2-2)1'-/#
U- B).6/-& )* (=- M/)B(N -11)1/ &6- () /'*50-V3%1('.0- /(1'@-/E >6( 51-%( %((-*(')* /=)60& >- %0/) >- 3%'& () &-/(16.('G- -G-*(/E %>)G- %00 '* (=- -0-.(1)*'. &-G'.-/ (-/('*5 /(1%(-5?# MW%1&N -G-*(/ /6.= %/ % :'*50- +G-*( X%(.=63E G-1? .)22)* '* 2-2)1? &-G'.-/E /=)60& >- J-00 .=%1%.(-1'I-& %*& (=- 3)//'>0- -*-15? &-3-*&-*.? )B (=-'1 .1)// /-.(')* %//-//-&E %/ J- J'00 /-- '* (=- 3%1%51%3= "#"#
!"!# $%&'( )'&*+%(,-,./ )%-%0, ,1,(/
Y60@ &%2%5- 2-.=%*'/2/ 1-/60( 2)/(0? B1)2 %()2'. &'/30%.-2-*( 2-.=%*'/2/E /) .%00-& &'/30%.-2-*( &%2%5- KZZO# [%1('.0-/ '23'*5'*5 )* % .1?/(%00'*- 2%(-1'%0
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
! "#$%#&'( )*$ +,%-.#( %//,$%01& *) #2& &-&1#$*0.1/
1*34*0&0#/ .0 #2& 567 %11&-&$%#*$ &08.$*03&0#
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
0%1 3,56,2(2%1; %4( &'<0'%0,2 (=(3%1 %, >( 3,210<(&(< '&( '2'/*?(< >* @2,A02) %4( (2:0&,25(2%; A4034 <(6(2<1 ,2 %4( 021%'//'%0,2 '&('# B4( %(1% 1%&'%()* 01 6/'22(< @((602) 02 502< %4( 1*1%(5 3,56/(C0%* '2< %4( (2:0&,25(2%#
B4( 789 (-.065(2% '2< 0%1 1.>1*1%(51 3'2 >( 3/'110D(< 02%, %A, 5'02 3'%(),&0(1E • F.//* 3,55(&30'/ 1*1%(5; 4(&( &(+(&&(< %, '1 9GB$ 1*1%(5
• 9.1%,5 (/(3%&,203 1*1%(51 >'1(< ,2 9GB$ 3,56,2(2%1#
9GB$ 1*1%(51 '&( +.//* 3,55(&30'/ <(:03(1# H&,)&'55'>/( /,)03 3,2%&,//(&1 IH79J; K202%(&&.6%'>/( H,A(& $.66/0(1 IKH$J; 3,55(&30'/ L,/%5(%(&; %(56(&'%.&( 5,20%,&1 '2< D&( <(%(3%,&1; D% 02 %401 3'%(),&*# B4( %&'3('>0/0%* ,+ %401 (-.065(2% 01 <0M3./%# B4(1( 6&,<.3%1 '&( 6.&34'1(< +&,5 (C%(&2'/ 3,56'20(1 '2< %4(&( 01 2, 3,2%&,/ ,+ %4( 102)/( 3,56,2(2%1 .1(< 02 %4( <(10)2; A4034 5,&(,:(& 3'2 34'2)( +&,5 ,2( 6.&34'1( ,&<(& %, '2,%4(&#
9.1%,5 1*1%(51 '&( (/(3%&,203 >,'&<1 A4034 '&( <(:(/,6(< >* 9NOP (2)02((&1 >'1(< ,2 9GB$ 3,56,2(2%1# B4( <(:(/,6(&1 @2,A1 '// %4( 3,56,2(2%1 .1(< 02 %4( 6&,Q(3%1 '2< 01 2,% /0@( ' R>/'3@ >,CS '1 02 %4( 3'1( ,+ %4( 9GB$ 1*1%(51# T4(2(:(& 0% 01 6,110>/(; %4( <(10)2(&1 .1( %4( 3,56,2(2%1; A4034 4':( '/&('<* >((2 %(1%(< ,& -.'/0D(<# U+ %4( 3,56,2(2%1 4':( %, >( -.'/0D(<; %4(2 ' -.'/0D3'%0,2 6&,3(11; '1 0% A0// >( <013.11(<; 4'1 %, >( 6/'22(<# B4( &'<0'%0,2 4'&<(2(< 3,56,2(2%1 .1.'//* <(:(/,6(< +,& %4( 50/0%'&* '2< 16'3( 02<.1%&* '&( (:0<(2%/* '<:01'>/( +,& 3.1%,5 1,/.%0,21; >.% %4(0& 40)4 3,1% 6&(:(2%1 %4( .1( 02 6&,Q(3%1 A(&( 4.2<&(<1 ,& %4,.1'2<1 3,56,2(2%1 4':( %, >( .1(<# B4( O'<V,2 1*1%(5 >(/,2)1 %, %401 3'%(),&* 1023( 0% 01 3,56/(%(/* >.0/% ,2 9GB$#
U2 ,&<(& %, <(D2( %4( &'<0'%0,2 %,/(&'23( &(-.0&(< 0% 01 2(3(11'&* %, @2,A %4( &'<0'%0,2 /(:(/1 A4034 %4( (-.065(2% 01 (C6,1(< %,# B401 <(6(2<1 1.>1%'2%0'//* +&,5 %4( /,3'%0,2 02 A4034 %4( 1*1%(5 01 6/'22(< %, >( 021%'//(<# T( <(D2(< %A, 5'02 3'%(),&0(1; %4( %.22(/ '&('1 '2< %4( 140(/<(< '&('1#
# W33(/(&'%,& %.22(/ '&('1
• 789 '&('1 3/,1( %, (C6(&05(2%1 ,& '&('1 A0%4 40)4 /,11(1; +,& (C'56/( 3,//0X 5'%,&1 '&('1E :(&* 40)4 &'<0'%0,2 /(:(/1 )(2(&'//* (C3/.<02) %4( 021%'//'%0,2 ,+ (/(3%&,203 1*1%(51
• 789 Y016&(110,2 1.66&(11,& IY$JE %.22(/ '&(' A0%4 40)4(& &'<0'%0,2 <,1(1 • 789 WO9E %.22(/ '&(' A0%4 /,A(& <,1(1
• U2Q(3%,&1E .1.'//* 40)4(& &'<0'%0,2 <,1(1; 6'&%/* (C3/.<02) %4( 021%'//'%0,2 ,+ (/(3%&,203 <(:03(1
• 5!+%2*%* "&%"1
• &+$+0"2 :,-%1 ;"&%"1 <+$! "--="2 >=%-0%1 "?,@% 106 -A0B C
• 5"8% :,-%1
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
Q( $!% =-0%&$"+-$7 ,8 $!% &"*+"$+,- 2%@%21 ;+8 ,-27 1+B=2"$+,-1 "&% "@"+2"?2%P " 8"0$,& ,8 ' !"1 $, ?% $"H%- +- 0,-1+*%&"$+,-C
'( $!% 2,< *,1% &"$% %/%0$1 ;" 8"0$,& ,8 R !"1 $, ?% 0,-1+*%&%* ,-27 8,& ?+#,2"& *%@+0%1C
R( $!% $&"0%"?+2+$7 ,8 $!% 0,B#,-%-$1 ; " 8"0$,& ,8 R3 "?1%-0% ,8 2,$ 0,*%1 ,& &%F 1#%0$+@% 0!"&"0$%&+:"$+,-C(
O- ,&*%& $, ,?$"+- "- %1$+B"$% 8,& $!% %S#%0$%* 8"+2=&% &"$%3 +$ +1 -%%*%%* "21, $, 1#%0+87 $!% -=B?%& ,8 %S#,1%* 171$%B1 ,& 0,B#,-%-$1( 4!+1 0,22%0$%* +-8,&B"$+,-0"- $!%- %+$!%& ?% =1%* $, %1$+B"$% $!% 8"+2=&% &"$% "-* 2+8%T$+B% ?"1%* ,- &"*+"$+,-$%1$ &%1=2$13 ,& $, *%$%&B+-% $!% $"&6%$ 2%@%21 &%I=+&%* 8,& &"*+"$+,- &"*+"$+,-$%1$1 "1 !"##%-1 8,& $, $!% )"*U,- 171$%B <!%&% $!% 4OV 2%@%2 "-* $!% B"S+B=B >=%-0% ?%8,&% $!% *%"$! "&% 1%$ "1 $"&6%$(
O- $!% 1!+%2*%* "-* 2,<T&"*+"$+,- "&%"1 <!%&% $!% &"*+"$+,- 2%@%21 *, -,$ ,@%&0,B% $!% 109 W.WA0B A7%"& 4OV "-* VV "&% -,$ " 0,-0%&- 8,& $!% %I=+#B%-$3 <!+2% $!%
5..1 &%B"+- $!% 1,=&0% ,8 #&,?2%B1( O- $!% 1"8% "&%"1 $!% 0=B=2"$%* >=%-0% #%& 7%"& *,%1 -,$ ,@%&0,B% $!% 106 W.WA0B A7%"& $!=1 $!%1% :,-%1 $!%&% "&% -, +11=%1
+-$!% +-1$"22"$+,- ,8 +-$!% %2%0$&,-+01 <!+0! *, -,$ -%%* "-7 &"*+"$+,- $%1$( O- +-$!%1% "&%"1 $!% J45 171$%B 0,=2* ?% =1%* ?=$ +$ +1 &%I=+&%* $, I="2+87 $!% %-$+&% 171$%B 8,&
$3'/% #:: 9-.1'%&;/./$)" <3' 2%+00 0'2$/+1 4'&0-%'4'1$ *+% $3' =/>'%'1$ $)5'0 +* 0+*$ #::0 &1= $3' ?1+@.'=(' +* $3' 'A5'2$'= %&=/&$/+1 .'9'.0 5%+9/=' & (++= /1=/2&$/+1 /* $3' 0)0$'4 *&/.-%' %&$' /0 &22'5$&;.' /1 $'%40 +* 4'&1 $/4' ;'$@''1 *&/.-%'0 BCD<EF" G* $3' 2%+00 0'2$/+1 *+-1= /0 1+$ &22'5$&;.'H 4/$/(&$/+1 $'231/,-'0 &$ $3' 0)0$'4 .'9'.H 0-23 &0 $3' /45.'4'1$&$/+1 +* &-$+4&$/2 %'0'$0H 0+*$@&%' *&-.$ =/&(1+0$/20 &1= -0' +* %'=-1=&1$ 0-;0)0$'40H 3&9' $+ ;' 5-$ /1 5.&2'"
E/(-%' IJK #$%&$'() *+% $3' ,-&./L2&$/+1 5%+2'00 +* $3' $-11'. 8M<# 2-0$+4 ;+&%=0 B/"'" $3' N&=C+1F"
E+% $-11'. &1= 3/(3 %&=/&$/+1 &%'&0 B@3'%' $3' O-A /0 3/(3'% $3&1 109 7:7P24
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
<&?/1( &0 &1 'A&45.' $3' N&=C+1 0)0$'4H $3' $'0$ 5%+2'00 *+%'0''0 & 2+45+I 1'1$ 02%''1/1( $'0$H $3' .+$ ,-&./L2&$/+1 &*$'% $3' 5-%23&0' &1= $3'1 &1 &==/$/+1&. 9'%/L2&$/+1 +* $3' '1$/%' ;+&%=P0)0$'4 @/$3 $3' 23+0'1 2+45+1'1$0" <3' 2+45+1'1$
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
+8 $!% *%>+0% <-*%& $%1$ !"1 $, A,&@ <# $, &%2"$+>%27 !+6! V<%-0%1 D !+6!%& $!"- 1013
-W09"G ,& +1 @-,A- $, =% >%&7 1%-1+$+>% $, -,-O+,-+U+-6 *"9"6% D+(%( =+#,2"& "-*
,#$+0"2 0,9#,-%-$1 G(
B!+2% $!+1 $%1$+-6 #&,0%11 +1 %X0+%-$ 8,& $!% 0,9#,-%-$1 ,8 " 0<1$,9 *%>%2,#9%-$3 $!+-61 6%$ 9,&% 0,9#2+0"$%* A!%- $!% )"*Y,- 1%-1,&1 !">% $, =% 0!"&"0$%&+U%*( 5%>%&"2 ,$!%& +11<%1 !">% $, =% 8"0%*( Q-*%%*3 8,& %"0! 1%-1,& *%10&+=%* +- $!% -%S$ 0!"#$%&13 $!% 9,$+>"$+,- ,8 %"0! &"*+"$+,- $%1$ A+22 =% *%10&+=%*( E22 $!% 8"0+2+$+%1 <1%* +- $!+1 A,&@ 8,& $!% P<"2+;0"$+,- ,8 $!% )"*Y,- 0,9#,-%-$1 "-* 8,& $!% 1%-1,&1 0!"&"0$%&+U"$+,- A+22 =% *%10&+=%* +- $!% -%S$ #"&"6&"#!1(
!" #$%& '()*+*&*$%
4!% #&,0%11 ,8 0,9#,-%-$1 "-* 171$%91 P<"2+;0"$+,- +9#,1%1 $, 0"&&7 &"*+"$+,- $%1$1 +- ,&*%& $, 9%"1<&% $!%+& 1<10%#$+=+2+$7 $, 5..3 4QF "-* FF %/%0$1( E1 #&%>+,<127 1"+* $!% #&,$,- $%1$ +1 " 0,9#2%$% $%1$ A!+0! #%&9+$1 $, $%1$ $!% $!&%% %/%0$1 "$ $!% 1"9% $+9%( 4!% 9"+- #&,$,- 8"0+2+$+%1 <1%* =7 $!% .)? 6&,<#1 "&% $!% Z"<2 50!%&&%& Q-1$+$<$% [ZQN[ 8"0+2+$7 +- \+22+6%- D5A+$U%&2"-*G3 "-* $!% 4)QO]-+>%&1+$7 Y%1,- N"0+2+$7 D4)Q]YNG +- \"-0,<>%& D "-"*"G(
4!% 0"2+=&"$+,- ,8 " *,1+9%$%& 1%-1,& +1 <1<"227 0"&&+%* ,<$ +- , ! 6"99" ;%2*R
8,& $A, 9"+- &%"1,-1^ "G $!% #&%0+1% 0"2+=&"$+,- #&,>+*%* =7 $!% 8"0+2+$7 D<1<"227 $!% *,1% +1 6+>%- A+$! "- <-0%&$"+-$7 ,8 "&,<-* IO'_G3 =G FF "-* 5.. A+22 -,$ "/%0$ $!% `F%>+0% ]-*%& 4%1$[ F]4 ">,+*+-6 17-%&6+%1 "9,-6 $!% $!&%% %/%0$1( 4!% ! ,
