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Grassland manipulation experiments across climatic zones Response of above-ground biomass to climate change.

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HAL Id: hal-02796303

https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02796303

Submitted on 5 Jun 2020

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Grassland manipulation experiments across climatic zones Response of above-ground biomass to climate

change.

Catherine Picon-Cochard, A.T. Diop, J. Finn, F. Fischer, H. Hassen, E.

Haughey, D. Hofer, A. Lüscher, Z. Nagy, N. Ousmane, et al.

To cite this version:

Catherine Picon-Cochard, A.T. Diop, J. Finn, F. Fischer, H. Hassen, et al.. Grassland manipulation experiments across climatic zones Response of above-ground biomass to climate change.. Climate Smart Agriculture 2015, Mar 2015, Montpellier, France. 2015. �hal-02796303�

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RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

UREP

Grassland Ecosystem Research Clermont-Ferrand

Grassland manipulation experiments across climatic zones Response of above-ground biomass to climate change

INTRODUCTION

Picon-Cochard C1, Diop AT2, Finn J3, Fischer F4, Hassen A5, Haughey E3, Hofer D6, Lüscher A6, Nagy Z7,8, Ousmane N2, Pillar V4, Pinter K7, Suter M6, Talore DG5, Tesfamariam E5, Soussana J-F1

1INRA UR874, Grassland Ecosystem Research, France;2ISRA, Dakar, Senegal;3Teagasc Environment Research Centre, Ireland;4Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil;5University of Pretoria, South Africa;6Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Switzerland;7Szent István University, Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Hungary;8Szent István University, MTA-SZIE Plant Ecology Research Group,Hungary;

Contact: [email protected]

Grasslands offer many ecological and agronomical services (forage production and quality, biodiversity, carbon sequestration) that are expected to be threatened by climate change and increased weather variability. Sensitivity of biomes is expected to be higher in temperate climatic zones in comparison with semi-arid zones due to low plant adaptation to water shortage and heat in temperate zones. Dependence of grassland biomass on precipitation is well recognized but other climatic indices may improve estimation of the consequences of global warming and elevated CO2 on drought conditions. To determine sensitivity of grassland biomass to climate change variability, field manipulation experiments were setup in Europe (France, Hungary, Ireland, Switzerland) and outside Europe (Brazil, Senegal, South Africa).

European Proje ct, FP7 European Proje ct, FP7

Precipitation - potential evapotranspiration (annual, mm) -1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 Annual above-ground biomass (g m-2 )

0 500 1000 1500 2000

R2 = 0.89

Annual precipitation (mm)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Annual above-ground biomass (g m-2 ) 0 500 1000 1500 2000

R2 = 0.62

• Climatic water balance (P – PET) explained variation of grassland biomass across climatic zones (temperate to semi- arid) with higher accuracy than precipitation.

• P – PET = -215 mm induced a two fold reduction of grassland biomass.

• We also observed that grasses are more resistant to severe drought than legumes but the latter should be maintained under elevated CO2x warming conditions x mild drought.

• Combined with long-term observation, in situ manipulation experiments of climatic drivers improve knowledge on drought, warming and elevated CO2impacts on ecosystems.

Temperate with future climate: upland grassland (France) Temperate and sub-Mediterranean: Loess grassland (Hungary)

Semi-arid: rangeland (Senegal) Temperate: lowland sown grassland (Switzerland)

Temperate: lowland sown grassland (Ireland)

Temperate with future climate: upland grassland (Ecotron France)

Semi-arid: semi-arid grassland (South Africa)

METHODS

Senegal South Africa

Hungary

Ireland Switzerland France Brazil

Precipitation Temperature, PET

Summer P x warming

Summer P x warming x

elevated CO2 P during the growing season Summer precipitation (P)

France

Références

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