TOTAL OF 10 P~GES ONLY MAY BE XE~OXED

CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES

1

TOTAL OF 10 P~GES ONLY MAY BE XE~OXED

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(Without Author's P rmission)

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PLE/\S.E NOTE: Some pages may have indi'stinct print. Filmed as received.

Canadian Theses Division Cataloguing Branch .

l~ational Library of .Canada Ottawa, Canada KlA ON4

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AVIS AUX USAGERS

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LA THfSE A ETE I~ICROF ILMEE • TELLE QUE NOUS I.' AVgJIS RECUE

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Division· des theses canadiennes Direction du catalogage

Biblioth~que nationale du Canada Ottawa, Canada KlA ON4

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_.sTRUCTURAL AND. STRATIGRI\PHIC SETTING OF THE MI AND OTHER:

SU[P~IDE DEPOSIT~ IN· THE ~AMBLER AREA, ! ~FLO.

..

~·

(c)

'~ -.

, .

by

John Tuach, B.Sc.

..

.'

. ~ .

"'

... ^{{ -}

f

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' ~,

A fhesfs submitted in partial fulfillment of th~ requirements

' ^.

of the '··degree of Master of Science

. -rJI! J

' . . .-t / .

Departm~t

...

' of Geology

Memorial Ul'l'i vers-i ty of Newfoundland December

.

1975

st-. •

John IS

J •

. . ~

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(,

. .

--> .)

• .

..

^'

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..

..

^ABSTRACT '

^.

\

The li):hologies _{I .} present in. the 11ambier Area ar.e described, a .

,.

dequence of lithQfacies

(" ^~ explain the evolution of '

. ^./

units is defined, and a simpli5tic model to

. . ^~

the rocks jn the area is proposed. As a general~ption the rocks dip towards the northeast a'nd bec'ome younger

.

. .

in that'direct~on. The ba~e-of the sequence consists of basic (Komati~tic)

lavas, ;and thi's is ov'erlaifl by.basic pyroclastic volcanic rocks . . Tm·1ards

t~1d

^{·of th.e basic pyr,oc.l as tic}

stag~

^a

~en~e

^{.of yci d vo 1 cani sm . ,}

·~"eloped., a~ the sulphide deposits can tre r!?lated ·to,exhalite .~ctivi_ty d'uri.ng_ .the

·:a-~g ~tCiges

^{of acid} .velcanism. The tennination of basic

. ^.

pyroclastic volcani-sm was fqllowed:.by depbsition of a sequence of-bhic

• , • • ~ 4 ~

vo l'canogen.i c sediment. and/or .waterlain tuff, •:and .. extrusion .of l~cal

. _. • P.illovi lav.a uni.ts. Abund~r.t ·pasic intrusions may be contemporan~us with

~.· t11e build-up

r

the volcani'd pile. The volcanic seque'nce \vas.

~

intrude;d

b~Burl.ington · ~ranod.io~ite

on the

~1est,

and· Cape Brule"'

9

:.-~o·rpl~?'ry on th(-e~s t.

• .I

All' the rocks in the area· have been subj~ted to pofyphas~:

deforination and to metamorphism in the upper· greenschist facies. The

... .

'ol

"

•

·first ·.two 'deformations involved intense strain ·with 1-< K <. 00, ·and

' ^,,

large fo·ld ~tructures were recognise'd relating to· the second and third def.ormatjon episodes. The shape. and orientat·i.on of the sulphi.de

' •. . . .

deposits h~ve- been mod~d duri!)g defonnation; and the'· ore deposits are elongate parallel _to F

2 and F

3 fold axes, and to the Z~ax't"s of

. .

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the defonnation ellipsoid.

.

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., · <· The Ming ore' body· js a· Cu,-Ao, A.g.?earin·g su.lph.ide\dep~sit, and

'

. · .

occurs at the top of the aeid volcanic _{. •} ·rock·_{'> ..} ·unit iii the area_·• . The

... . .

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settfngs ~of the othe~ de,p~si~.in the ar!la.ar~\also c~nsi,dered and·it

, ... ^{( '.}

-

is concluded that the . h i d e cfeposits are akin··. ^' .to Ar.checlll or . ^\ Kuroko type de.P.OS i t s . ^{l .}

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TABLE ^Q~ CONTENTS

Page Abstract

Table of Contents ... : ... .. _. ... ~:. ·.· ... ; ... iii

L·ist of Tables ... : ...•.... · ... .... vi

I ' List of Figures ... ..._. ... ..._. ... ,

..

vii

,. List of ~ 1 ate s ... ; ... .' ... · ... , .. vi i i CHAPTER iNTRODUCTION

• ·

~ .. l.l 1.2 . l. 3 . 1 . 4 -1:5 1.6 1..7

1.8 1.9 "' Location and access ... , ... ... . Physiography and Outcrop .... ; ... :: ... ... . TeCtonic Setting . .... .'.· ... _, ... ,. .... . General Geology of the Burlington Pe~i~s~la ... . Recent megatectonic interpretations ... ^~ ....•.. Pre vi 6us Work ,· .. ^I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~ ^{• • • •} · • • • • • • • • • • . ' • • -History qf Mining ... ... ^~ ... . ·· Present'Study arid l~ethods of Investjgation ... .. ,Ac::k_nowl edgements . · ... . 'GHAPHR I I ^{I \} 1 1' 2 4 9 13 14 16 ^° 17 LITHOLOGY AND PETROLOGY ·2 .1 . ··Introduction ... : . .' ... ; .... ." ... ·...

rs

2.2 Predominant.Lithologies.(Figure 3) ... 20

2.2.1 Basic Flows ... · ... , ... 20

2.2.2 .Basic Volcaniclastic Rocks ... : ... 22

2.2.3 Acid Volcaniclastic Rocks ... 30

2.l.4 B~sic Intrusive Rqcks ... : .•.. : ... 35

2.2.5' Granodiorite ...•... 38

2.2:'6 Qua.rtz-Feldspar Porphyry ... · .•... , ... 38

2.3 Minor Lithol.ogies ... c .... . . : ... 40

2.3.1 Ultrabasic'Intrusive Rocks ... · ... ~a · 2.3.2 Acid Intrusive Rocks ... · 40

2.3.3 Cherts and Silicic Rocks ... 41

.., 2.3.4 Quartz-Sericite· Schist. ... : •.. 43

2.4

Lithofacies (Figure

4) ...

··~

...

^! • • • • • • • • • • 45 2 . 4 . 1 Bas i c F.l ow .... , : ... : ... :. : .. .. . .. .... 4 5

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STRUCTURE

i v

'?age·

2.4.~ Basic Volcaniclastic Rocks ... : ... · ... ·46

·~ 2.4.3 1·1ixed Acid and Bas:c:Rocks ... 46

2.4.4 Ac.i.cJ Volcaniclastic Rocks ... · ... : ... .":

-46

2 4

s ·s · · s

^{d · · · · · 7}

. . . . as 1 c .e 1 men t. , : ; ... >. . . .. . . 4

2.4.6 Ybunger Intrus.ions.·.· ... · ... ~ ... · .. ~7.

2.5 Stratigraphic Relati·onshj_ps ... .' .. ···:···•··· ··· 48'

CHAPTER . (I I · ... .··· ... '•. . . . ^' .

;

^{. ' ·.. .} . ' . ^~

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^{•. \ .}

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^. . 3.1 IntroductlOn .. ·.: .... .-... · ...•.... :··· 5·1 3.2 _The Ear-l~€st Reco,9n~sed Oefot4mation_ (0 1) ... _..· ... _.-·52 3:3 The Second Oefonnat1on (o 2). ...... ::.. .. . . 56

3 .·4 . ·. Th,e Third QefO'r!llayi~n ( 0₃ J ••..•...•...•.. · .. : ....•. :! 62

3.5 T.he Fourth·Defonnat1on.(o₄) ..•.....•........•...•.. 64

3.6

Local Deformat.i6n Feature~· .... ~ ... :.·: .. : .. ..-. . ~·.: .. : .. · 64

3.7 L-ate O.e.forrrtation F.eatures ... · ... ·~,.·-.. · 65 .

' 3.7.1···. Faults .... ~··· · ··· · · ... ·:.· .... 65 ·.

(~-.·2

. .

Joints and Joint Drags ...•.. :. ·... 66

3.8. ·'\tra-in and Strain Variation ... : .. ~ .... ·.:·· ... : · 67

.. ^, . . . CHAPTER . .'IV ^{. ~·' . ' .} .~

-

' I

.

^.r~n AMORPJH:~c .. H i~'fORY .. . ~ 4.1 Introduc ion ... · ... ·... -~9

4.2

.s

ntecto ic f~ineral G·rowth wit~respect to 0 1 (MS 1) 69 4.3 Po ^cto~ic Mineral Growth with respect. 4.4 to'o.₁ (MP 1) .. : ... ... .:: ... . : .... : .. .' .... 70

Syntecton1c ~ineral Growt~ with respect to·o2 (MS 2) ... :_. .... : ... : ... 70

P~st Tectonic.Min~ral Growth with respect : ·to

.o

₂ (MP2) : . ... .. ·.· ... .f ....... : .... : · 7~ ··

Syntectonic Mineral Growth ~ith. respect · to 03 (MS3) ... ; ... : 71 .

4.5 4.6 Syntectonic Mineral Growth wi.th respec;t . to 0 4 (MS₄) ... '.~· ... .... .'·.: ... : .. _.· .... ?4:

_M:tamor_~~~.c: Gr~ -·.

^{':: ... _. ·.·: .. ·:: .: . : . .... · .. ::·. 74_ ,} ... 4.7 ~ (

'

^4.8 •'

.

CHAPTER V .

.,

~· .

.

^. I • I ' --:,.. . THE MING·ZONE 5·; 1 In trod uc

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5.2 Gener.al ·oescripdon • .-... : .. . : . ...... .

i .

_'...5.2.1 .. · Hang~~g.,.,a.11 Rocks· ... ; .... i . . . • · . .. . . .. . ... ·.

) 5 .. 2.2-. 'FGotv1all Rocks· ... . · ... · ... . ~ ... . : ... .

· 5·. 2 . 3 Bas 1 c .

r

n t ru

s

^{i on s ......... · ..... .. : ... . . .}

5 .. 2.4 'The Ore Ho.rizon .... .. _ ..... : ..... · .... .. . 5.3 Microscopic Textures

of

the Ore ... , ... . 5.4 · Structu~e, t~etamorphism and t~obilisation in

the 1·1ing·Z.on'e .. , ... ·~· .... · ....... . : ... : ..•. . .' .. . 5.5' 1·1ineral Zonatio.n,; .... : ... ... : ... : ... . · .. .

. I

. ^.

^.

.. : . CHAPT'ER . ~I

.

'

I . •

D~SCUSSlb~_~ND CONCLUSIONS

;

.

·

. . .

···' ·. 6.1 Structure ...^{• . .} ...^{• •} ... . ⁰ · .... -.. ~ ... ~· ····^{• ' .} · ·····:··· ^' ..

·6:~ ·Geo.logical S.etting, Rambler-Area. , .... .- •... . , ... . . ·: ·' · 6··. 2·. l ··,- Deposit iorlal mode.l'· -· Rambler Area ... ' .. ~ .. ..

.,·

..

6.2.2 Mineralisati.on in the. Rambler Area ... ... .... ·

· · .. 6 .. 2) ·Re_gional Setting .. : . .:..; •. .'.· .. .. : .. ···.· ··.····

·6 .·~ Outstanding Problems . · ... · .·~.: ... .

.

. .

.

^.•

RE~ERENC~S _{.. . . ;. ~ . . . ·.#·,··'··~· . . .. . . .......}^. _... . . . ..

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.... ... _ .. ~ .. .. · ..

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Page .76 .77 .

78 .81·

82 89

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99 105

108 112 112 115 117 .121 122

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Table 2

Table 3

Table 6

·,

~ .

. .

.

(· vi ) · .•

~.

List

of

Tables

Summary of stra-tigraphi~ inte,rpretation.s of.the

Burlington. Peninsula (modified ·from Norman·•& Strong, 1-:-:--1 . 1975) ... , ... ... ... :.

. .

.

⁾

I

Page.

,...

,6

Genera.lised sJatigra;hic

Succe~sion ~n

the Rambler.

Are a . . . ··. . . ·. . . . : . : . . . .. . .

1 50

\ /

Su~mary of the Structural History in the Rambler A~ea.~ : .. 53 /·1etamorphic History~ the Rambler Area ... ·~· ... ... . Assay

vaiu~s

for coppJr, lead, and zinc in D.D.H. 540#10, Ming Mine. Assays at l ft . . inte,:vals in each ore lens ....

)

·comparison of.structural sequeooe• in the Eastern part . of ·the B.url ington Peninsula.·.· ... · .... ·.~ ... · / · :: ... .

. ·

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.

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75 107 11 ·1

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Figure

~igure· 2

Figure 3 Figure. 4 Figu_re 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

'

F:igure·8·

't·.

~ . ,

. ( vi i

0 List of ^'• .

'

t·lap of rievlfoundland s~h01-1ing th location of Consol~'(jated Rambre'r M'ines, the major ~bdi is.ions of the Appalac·h.iqn Belt, and tectonostrat.igraphic zones after ¹..Jilliams ·.

e t · a l . { 1 9 7 4 ) :· • . . . . . . . : . . .

• ... • f . . .

'

Page

3 Generalised geology of.th~ urlington Peninsula,

ile•.-~foundland, modified after Ke.nnedy1 1975b ... ·.·\ .. '. 5 Geo·l ogy. Ou~· crop Map, . Ramb l e,r Area ... .': ... : . ... 'Po~ket stQure and ·li-thofacies Map, Rambler Area ... Pock'et

Geo~ogical ~ Plari ~nd ~ectio~i,

Ming

Mi~e,

Baie

ye~te,

Nf\d. . .. ... ···~·· ... ,· ... _ ... Pocket'

.

. ,

^{:• . .}

location or exploration ~iamond drill holes, ihe Rambler

Area, .Bal·e Verte ^• • • • • • • • • • • • • •· • 4 • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·

1%'

G't!o.)qgical cross sect'ions through the Ramoler Area, ·

Bai~ Verte, Newfoundland ... ~ ... ·. :"': ... ... :. 54 Schematic illustr.a"tion of possible difference in defor-

mationiil behavi,or of a zoned Py-Cpy massive sulphide .depos"it. I, possible predeformational zonation; ·

_II, post.de-fonnational patte.rn with. apparent enrichment

of sulphides in zones of folding . . . ^{, 1 . .} ·104 '

Fig·ure 9 • ·schematic prede'formational s'tratigraphic suc~ession in

the Rambler Area~ Baie Verte . . . ... :··· ... 114

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~late·l · .... Pi]lb\·t. lavas; loca.~.ity 185E,l78N ... .': :·~-: .. ... "': 23

~Plate 3

Plate 4

Elongate ·vesi·cu.lar basic· agglome~ate fragm~nts

1P

basic m~tri x;. l oca l.itY ~ ~~E 227N .· ... :: ... _:·.:. ~-•... ·· .. · ... .

v.ol~· anogerjic' c~ng1omerate

^.comprised

of

^unsorted

~ngu l ar

t.o suq-'angular blocks 9f bas·it volcanjc :sedimen.-t. (quartz

· _-ch1.ori~ell sch·is.t. in. fresh S!Jrfac~L. in ~ jiner.· grained IT)at-ry... The rust.)' ve·ins ( s tockvlo?\_].Y crosscut the fragmen.ts and are comp'osed · Qf. quartz, pyrite and

cha 1 copyri t~; ·, ota 1 i 'ty 182E

i

99N ... : .. : .... : .... · ... ~ ...

• • • • -9 ~

.;

23

24

.·

.;.. Rhyolite ·fragmen'ts fn. bas-fc-~hlot:"itic matri.JS, pi~ture .

looking

. .

N.E.; locality-104E ^.· .

.

^.., 23l.N .. · ... .... · ... ... : '24 ·

Plate 5 Basic vai'Cano^{4 ·} n;C.· :ediment;with i·solai:ed basic -volcanic '·

fragments;-. 1 ca·l ity-· 246E ,186~ ... ; ...•.. ~ .. :. : .. : ... ."... 27 Plate 6

Plate 7

·•

_Plate,.8

.. ·. :;f--J

- Folde·d-and ·efolded.·basic sediments. The prominent fold of bed iQg;

s

₂^,·and' .parall'el quartz~veins, plunges to the N.W. at approximately 50 degreei; small attenuated. F fold closures of• quartz: v~ins ·ar,e present and are ' -

f~lded

^{by the}

hter~(F 3 ^{: ?)}

^fold;

^~y~ality

^305E

290~···'"··

- .

Acid agglomerate, "Mill ·RoGk"; thin·.light coloured bands parallel to the bott6m

oi

^the. picture are alter-

~tion lbnes round hair line fractures; picture looking N.W.; locality·l.78E 212N .. ... .-... : ... . - Acid agglomerate; same O!Jtcrop as above; picture loqking

N.E.

_ s

₃ fracture cleavage· welt .. developed on thi-s surface;

local1ty 178E 212Nl" .. ~ . ~···· · ···)· . ^{.:· ... ·} . ^....

~•Plate

^{9 .-} Anastomosin.g planar ferromagnesian

rich·dQ~hns

^separated

,r . · . by wide.r quartz and fel·dspar r.ich domains in acid

. ^~.

· - .. agglomerate. The . .quartzofe 1 dspathi c mfnera 1 s ate

·.Plate 10 -

·: 1t .

...

.

P.1a.t~(,l

elongate and parallel or subparallel to.the domains,. · locality.l76E 218N; crossed polars, (x 30) ... , ... . Dendritic a'ctinolit(i crystals in medium grained basic · intrus.;Ve rock; .locality l95E 190N ... .,~

: . . ^~ .

. ^~ . . .

·27

32

·32

36

-3.6

...•

Stockwol"k of, pyr:-ite-'Juat~z vei_ns_ ~utting b~sic vo'lcanic

~edlment;

^fqotwall

J ^th~East

^Mwe

(lop:.l,':y246~ ,

^..

221N~.

^{• 44} '

)- ^{. ·f)} . . ^{( .}

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:..· Quartz-seri.cite-schist. Main foli·ation (S ) defined by • . ·composite fabric of alternating

qu~r tz ric~

and sericite .··:rich.iamel.lae. Smi!ll quartz porphyroblast present in

. to~ rjgh(. Weak strain slip fabric parallel to base of

pictu~e (5

3). Crossed nicols .(x 20) ... ... : Pla·te 13 - · ·quartz-s-e'ricite-schist.

s

₂ foliation forming aug~n

round pulled-apart quartz porphyroblast; crossed P 1 ate 14 -

.'·

Plate. 15. -

P 1 ate 16.-

Plate 17 -

Plate 18 Plate 19

Plate 20 -

.

^.

..

· po 1 a rs ,

x

40 ....•... .......................

· Vesicular pillowed lava. Transposition· planes of actinolite (5 ) fonninq augen round plagioclase

filled.elonga~e vesicles. Lineate actinolite gr~{n~

. define Sl; cros_sed ·pol ars? ^·X 20 ... · ... ., ... .

. .

·Basic Sediment. Transposition·· 'of S defined by elongate

quartzo~feldspathic and.ferromagnislan minerals into D S · pl~ne~ in_wh~ch'biotite and chlorite are prefer-

e~tia·l~ly·grovm; crasse·d polars, x 30. : ... :.

' . .

Basic')frngment in ag'glomerate.~ S transposition planes

~f s

₁ with

~cti.~o

^{1 i:t.e}

·· ~nd ch l'Ortt~. ~'rowing .

pre ferenti a 1

~ Y

1n 5

2• ·ActlhOllte,_~pldote and pyr1te gra1ns elongate 1n S . . L.ight ~rey clou.dy patches consist of epi_dote (after' :.P1agl.oclase); pla_ne.l_i9ht, x _30 •...•.•... _. ... ...•..

Quartz~chlorite schist. Alterniti~g lamellae of chlorite (dark) anq quartz and feldspar (light)

d~fining S?j Elongat~ pyrite grain parallel to

s

₂^.

_The_ S/. lam~llae are :olded by an F1 crenulation; •

. crossed polars; x 40.-... : ... · ..... : ... , ......... . F closure i·n hang1~gw~~l· b·asic tuf:fs ab'ove the Ming

M~ne,

.locallty 20_2E 268N. .• : ... •.·.

~ - ~~

^{...... : .....}

~.

. ^~

F2 fold cl_o.sures· of. "disrupted acid .tu.ft ·(?)" bands and . of syntectonic ~uartz vein~. · The folds plunge to the

N.E. at a mo9erate angle ·and axial 'planar S/ fol iation dips to the S.E._·at ap_proximately ~D degrees. A.fla_t

·.lying strain slip· cleavage cuts acr.o~s these .fold .

closures but 1s not ~~ide~t from the photograph;

locality 182E 216N ... , ...... : ... · ...... . 53 cr:'nul~tion c~eavag'e 1n. b~-si~·:sediment: ~he' ro~k i_s . compnsed predom1nantly of 'chlon~ and b1ot1te, and. · locally clasts are present; cross.ed nicols, x.20: .... : ..

. .. - ·. (''• . . . · ,.. ·.t,· · · ~ {

o o' 0 I o

·.·~·

. .

^{~ .}

Page

44

55

55

57

57

58

58

61

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c?

.

'

.

.. '

•!,

···

Plate 21 -

' . ' '

(

·A· ·

.,

Page

~ I

F fold hinge showing axial planar crenulation cleavage i~ chloritic sedime~t. -~-· pl~nes ar~ defined by chlorite ri.ch and quartz' rich lamellae; chlorite is recrystallized in the plane of _the. 5

3

cleavage. Locality 275E 277N . .'.... 63 Plate 22 · 5 strain slip fabric in a~id agglomerate; crossed ·

nrcols, ·X 30 . . . :,. ... -..;··· ... 63 Plate 23 - F fold of hangingw~ll ·tuffs .in. the Mihg Mine; ·

L~cality

202E 268N.: ... .- ....

~

.. , ... ;... 72

('----

Plate 24 r~P/ btiotite crystals o·vergrm·li.ng line:ated actinolite

· q'uar.tz and epid~te crystals. Large MP2 pyrite grain in

lower left of p1cture; crossed polars, ~ 15... 72

• • • 40

Plate. 25.~ . ~P

2

^{·bioti~e cr tals} ~vergrowing· liheated actinolite . . crystal~. the act bl1tes are cut parallel to the 001

· section . . White areas .e holes in the thin secticrn,

·.-and'smal1'9rains of.epidote are present·; plane light,

· x

20 ...•... : ... · ...•... , ........ : . . . 73

Plate 26 'MP2 actinolf~e overgrowing 52; cross~d nicols, x 20... 73

,Plate 27-:- Quar.tz -eye ser1cite schist; footwall,_Ming Mine... 80

Plate 28 Banded, probably bedded, layers comprised of alternating pyrite rich and chert or ·silicic tuff; a pyrite-quartz rich, cross cutting vein is present at the bottom of the picture; footwa 11 , Ming Mi n·e ... .".

Massive

pyr~ti~Jre- ~angingwall

basic tuff contact.

Minor disseminated chalcopyrite is present in the:basic tuff, and a fragment of basic tuff is present within the massive pyrite; Ming'Ore Deposit ... ···:···

Plate 30 - Massive pyritic ore showing banding due to variation in grain ~ize, (top of block), and to variatipn in compos- ition and abundance of the matrix minerals (bottom half of block); Ming Ore Deposit ... .

80

83

83 Plate 31 - Banded

ore .~onsisfing

of alternate layers of sphalerite

(dark grey} , cha 1 co pyrite (deep. ye 11 ow} and pyrfte · ' (light grey-green} rich material; Ming Ore Deposit .. ;... 85 Plate 32 - Chalcopyrite and quartz in fracture along the margin

of a basic intrusive rock cutting massive pyrite ore;

blocks at base of picture are of massive pyrite ore;

. r Mi ng Ore Deposit .... , ... . : . . . 85

• .

Page Plate. 33 - Breccia ore. Fragments of massive pyrite ore (grey-

green) in ... ·matrix of chalcopyrite '(deep yellovi); Mirig

0. re epos1 ... D . t · ... .:. ·. :..s •••••••••• • ••• • • • • · 88

.

·.

^{' ~} . ^{. ~.}

··Plate 34 - ·Polished s'urface of brecc;a ore. Rounded·· a·nd oval shaped fragments of massive pyrite ore in a c,halcopyrite rich matrix, fragments exhibit chalcopyrite filled fractures

·' ·which tend to ·fonn perpendicular, to the long axis of the

. ^.

fragments. Mi ng Ore Deposit ... : ... ¹• • • • • • 88· Plate 35

.

^.

Pl at'e 36 :..

Massive pyrite ore. Idiomorphic pyrite grains i·n : contact with chalcopyrite (light giey), sphalerite ·.

(medium .. gr.ey) and gangue .(dark grey to black), note

· i.nclusions of sphal.erite and gangue vJithin the pyr.ite

---.. ^....•. ,.

.. grains; plane light, x 24. M~ng Ore.Deposit ... . Massive pyritic ore. ~yrite grains show triple junction

grai~. intersections ·an'd curved grain boundaries . . Matrix is. compri~ed of g§lena (light grey) and silic~tes (dark grey); x 20. Ming Ore Deposit ... . Pl~te 37 - B~e~~ia ore. In~ividual pyrite grains (white) and

aggregates of pyrite grains with a tendency to polygonal grain outline's in·a matrix of. chalcop.)'rite .(l.ight grey) and gangue (dar~ grey to black); Mjng Ore Deposit,

plane. ligh~,_-x 16. Sample from margin of bre.ccia

91

fra·gment ... • ... ; ...

..

... : ... · 92 Plate 38 - Pyrite porphyroblasts. A- hand specimen. 8 ~polished

section showing individual pyrit~ crystal (white) in a · chalcopyrite rich matrix (light grey). Sphalerite (med.

grey), and gangue (black) is pre.sent; note inclusions of ch~lcopyrite, sphalerite and gangue in the pyrite ·

porp~roblasts, and also the slightly rounded corners ~f

. the porphyrob 1 as t; Mi ng Ore bepos it, x 10 ...•... :. 92 Plate 39 -

. .

Elongate lehses of chalcopyrite consisting uf a mosaic of grains showin~ a t hdency to polygonal outline;

intervening lenses of pyrrhotite (medium grey) are present; the straigh linei are scratches on.the polished surface. Mi ·Ore Oeposit., crossed polars~

.x. 16. . . . ... . Plate 40;---~Porphyroblas.t of magnetite in a massive pyrite ore ;·

fragment in breccia ore,· note numerous inclusions of firie grained pyrite (white), _of chalcopyrite (1 ight grey), arid

97

_-~. of gangue (black) in the porphyroblasts. Large white .

crystal_in the top left of the picture is arsenopyrite;

Ming Ore Deposit, plane light, x 16 ....... ,.{~· .... 97

•

. ^'.

·."'~, .

'r.

. . . .

. .

Plate 41 -

Plate 42 -

. -- . ^'

xii

F fold of massive pyrite ore_and of hangingwall tuff (~harp contact). Axial planar fractures are developed in the massive o~e and are filled with chalcopyrite,

thes~ are illustrated in detail on Plate 42:-'•·vSmall

elol'lg~'te pyrite, grains help to define s2 ~n the tuff ...

Detai·l of chalcopyrite filled fracture (white). (axial planar to F3 ^fol~ illustrated in Plate '41). Pyrite in massive pyr1te ore exhibits polygonal grain outlines

(MP ); individual grains of polygonal-pyrite are

pre~ent

in a chalcopyrite (light grey) matrix. The chalcopyrite exhibits twin lamellae and -polygonal grain outlines. Sphalerite {me~. ·grey) and gan~ue are present as grains in the chalcopyrite matrix, and a 1 ate gangue fi 11 ed fracture is present. Mi ng Ore · Deposit, plane light, x 16_.; ...... .

•· .G\

•

Pag~

loa

100

..

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Location and Access

~ The thesis area consists of t~e mining property of Consolidated

. ^'

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Rambler Mines ·Ltd (henceforth descri~ed as the Rambler Area), located

. ,

^.·.

approximately six iniles east·of Bai~ ·verte, Newfoundland!· (~ig. 1). The centre of the area lies·at 49°54' l'atitude, and 56°05' longitude.

Access is from the La Scie Road w~ich runs from Route 414 two miles south of Baie Verte eastwards to La Scie.

Access within the property is provided by service roads to th~

mines, and by trails to drill sites ~nd prospetts~ Lines have been. cut '

·•

over nluch of the area, a-nd. all sectors of the pro_perty are within one mile of the'service

roads~*

::-;. -t.

1~2 Physiography and Outcrop

The·central part of the Rambler Area is relativeTy flat lying averaging 150 metres in elevation; the northern part is characterised by low lying hills and valleys, while the southern part of the ~rea is

.

bounded to the south. by a large ridge which ~ises to 250 metres in elevation. Forty percent of the area -is covered by pon_ds and bog, the

rest i~ heavily forested, mainly by spruce ..

A ~over of glacial drift averaging 2 metres in thickness occurs over the ent.i re area and outcrop under natural' conditions is less than '

.Q.S%, reaching 5% locally on the high ground to the south . . Development

.,·

..

~

.

,_

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!

• .

- 2 -

. .

_~

&

and exploration on the property has resulted in a considerable amount of overburden stripp~ng and trenching in several areas. Road and power .line construction within the property has provided.sever_al sections vlith

. ^~

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lPP to 57', outcrop• Rockexpo~ures are generally .. s.ma:fl, and the.more

resistan~ rock types are fav6ured.

\- '

1.3 · Tectonic Setting

The Island of Newfoundland forms the north-eastern margin of the exposed Appalachian structural province. Williams (1964) and Williams et al. (1970) recognize three major Lower Pa·leozoic tectonic belts in Nel'lfoundland (Fig. 1), these are·· the Weste'rn Platform (Kay,.l967), tt~

Central Mobile Belt, ana the Avalon Plat~orm (K~y and Colb~rt, ~965).

The Central Mobile Belt,corrsists p~edominantly.of Eocambrian and Lower Paleozoic variably deformed and metamorphosed volcanic ahd sedimentary sequences, locally underlain by gneissic~asement>and is flanked on both sides by less deformed Lower Paleozoic p·latformal sequence's which lie on Pre~ambri an ¹¹basement¹¹ rocks. The basement to the Wes-tern Plat form consists· of the Long Range .. Complex and its equtva~?ents (Grenvillian),

·while the basement to the Paleozoic platfor al sequences in the Avalon

. I

Platform consists of mildly deformed canic and metasedimentary rocks, no crystalline basement has been rec'ognized on

the Avalon Platform. The Canadian Appa1achians were further subdivided

•

on. the basis of Late Precambrian to Lower Ordovi~ian depositional and

. ^' .

structural histories. into nine tectonostratigraphic zones (Williams

'

et al., 1972). Fig .. 1 shows the distribution and local names of the

~·

' ..

..

· .

,

.

- 3 -

51 N

1

Gull of St Lowrence

47 N

\

' ~ RAMBLER AREA

59W

.· ^{( '} a.

• '1,0

.

" .

. ·· ~ .... QC>

N

Allooi1C Oc:can i- .. ·.

53W

FIG. 1 location of Consolidated Hambler

the i' .. ppalachfan Belt, a.nd

i-lillians et a.l. ( 1974) .t'.a.p of ~·l~·.rfoundlm'i sho\.r..nG the

Hines. th~? !:'..3.,ior subdivisions of

tectonostraticr~phic zones after

;·

fllo

•.

/

-; 4

zones for the l'le1·1found.land Appal .. ac~1ians, (Williams ~J..., 1974). The prc:;ent study area lies in the Fleur

.

9e Lys Zone (Fig. 1) 1·1hich is characterised by complexly deformed metased-imentary and metavolcanic rocks 6f probable late Precambrian to Cambro-Ordovician age on the western margin of the Central Mobile Belt .

·1 . 4 General Geology of the Burlington Peninsula

.

The distribution of the major rock units in the Burlington

Peninsula is shown in Fig. 2. With the exception of the Snooks Arm Group (A;enig),

~ . control

from.fossils is not available. The contrasting techniques of using lithological and structural correlation as tools in dating th&-various rock units by different workers has led to considerable

.,

.

^.

controversy with regard to age and geological interpretation.

Table

l.

surm'larises the hi>torical development of stratigraphic interpret-

..

ation in the area and indicates the opinions of current workers. Detailed

. ^.

descriptions of previous work are given ·by Kennedy (1971.) and DeGrace et al-., 1975b).

The Fl eu·r de Lys Supergroup was defined by Church ( 1969) as being characterised by pre-Lower Ordovician polydeformed and polymetamorphosed

~ocks. These rocks overlie a previously deformed Grenville basement in

t~e west (M.J. D~Wit, 1974). The Fleur de Lys Supergrou~ is divided into eastern and western outcrop by a narrow belt of less deformed meta-

.

volcanic and associated mafic and ultramafic rocks called the Baie.Verte Group (Baird, 1951). The Burlington Granodiorite and the. Cape Brule ^/ P-orphyry and the Reddi.ts Cove gabbro are considered by Kennedy et al,

• ^{. '• ..}

~

_I

Figure 2,

tmlltt

DEVONIAN L CLOER

G

^{GICI\IIIc noch} SILURIAN- Ot::VONtAN

D

Volcanics- , 111clc end malic volccnlct, Sub 11Hicl 1C at men I,

BJ3

^Cobbro onoovtctANt

· 1y1 MtlllvolcCinlcs- malic volcCin!clutlc\

[±] Quarh-Fc!dspcr.porphyry ~ plllcwc

L. onOOV!C!AH L OLDER OROOV!C IAH (Arenig I

rv-1 Volcclllcs - melle pillow lc"Ms,

~ lola Itt L UllrAmdlc ~otk11• LLJ volcanlclcstlcs, acc.cnlc

~ •0 phlolllt ud1mcnl

HAORYHIAH • ORDOVICIAN .

rl:l lolrlavoiG4nlcs. silicic pyrodcctlu,

t.:.!..J scnd1lnnc.

f':""i;l Mclavoltanlcs • r~~mfic llow~, p)fcclcullc

L.:...il ¥olccnogtnlc Udlmtlll,

rn

^!ole lcucdlmcnl_· p~c,..,.,llr, umlptlitc.

rr-TI Und!ffcrcnll<!lrd • qnclsu.s,(~ITICIII)

tl::tl and mclcudlmcnl

14. Hie ~lac Group and the Rouge HJrbour ronnation.

13. Reddits Cove Gabbro.

1?. La Scie Granite and the Seal Island Bight Sequence.

11. Dunmagon Granite.

10. Cape Brule Porphyry, g, burlington Granodiorite.

8. Snooks Arm Group.

7. Betts Cove Ophiolite; 7(a} Nippers Harbour Group. 6. Cafe Verte Group.

5. Cape St. John Group.

4. Pacquet Harbour Group,

3. Advocate Group, Birchy Schist and other formations '- of the Eastern Sequence.

2, White Bay Sequence, Haroour Sequence, Mings Bight Group.

l. Und;rrer~ntiote~- rotks comp,rscd or Grenvillian gr1sissic basement and Fleur-de-Lys Supergroup

metasedirr.ents. ·

NB Units 2 to 5 a~e termed the Fleur de Lys Supergroup.

10 l\m,

Generalised geology of the Burlington Peninsula) Newfoundland, modified

after Kennedy, 1975b,