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العوامل المعرقلة لتحقيق الأهداف التعليمية في المنظومة الجديدة ل د.م.(لدى عينة طلبة السنة ثالثة علوم إنسانية وإجتماعية)

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Academic year: 2021

Partager "العوامل المعرقلة لتحقيق الأهداف التعليمية في المنظومة الجديدة ل د.م.(لدى عينة طلبة السنة ثالثة علوم إنسانية وإجتماعية)"

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ﻲـﻤﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤـﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻢـﻴﻠﻌـﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲـﻤﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤـﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻢـﻴﻠﻌـﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲـﻤﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤـﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻢـﻴﻠﻌـﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲـﻤﻠـﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤـﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﻢـﻴﻠﻌـﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ

ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﺝﺎﺤﻟﻭﺍ ﺪﻨﺤﻣ ﻲﻠﻛﺃ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ

ﺓﺮـﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ

او   ا ما 

ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ

ﻉﺮﻓ

:

ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ

ﺺﺼﲣ

:

ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ

ﻲﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ

ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺮﺘﺳﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ

ﻲﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ

ﺒﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ

:

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ﺕﺤﺘ

:

-ﺩ ﺔﺸﺌﺎﻋ ﺏﻭ-ﺩﺠﻤ ﻥﺒ

.

ﺓﺭﻭﻫﺯﻤ ﺵﻭﺭﺎﻤﻋ

ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟﺍ

::::

2011

-2012

ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻠﻗﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ

ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ

ﻝ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ

.

.

)

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺛ ﺔﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻯﺪﻟ

(

(2)

ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ

، ﻢﻌﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺟﻭ ﺰﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻧ

ﱪﺻﻭ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﻄﻋﺃ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ، ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻗﺯﺭ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ

ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻡﺎﲤﺇﻭ ،ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﻩﺎﻨﺠﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻣ

.

ﱵﻓﺮﺸﻣﻭ ﰐﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻳﺰﳉﺍ ﻱﺮﻜﺷ ﻡﺪﻗﺃﻭ

ﱵﻬﺟﻮﻣﻭ

ﺓﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ

"

ﺓﺭﻮﻫﺰﻣ ﺵﻭﺭﺎﻤﻋ

"

ﺢﺋﺎﺼﻧ ﻦﻣ ﱄ ﻪﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ

،ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺠﺸﺗﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﺷﺭﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ

ﰐﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﻔﺗﻭ ﺎﻫﱪﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ

.

ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺪﻳ ﱄ ﻡﺪﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺮﻜﺷﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﳒﻻ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ

.

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ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﺀﺍﺪﻫﻹﺍ

ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﱐﺩﺯﻭ ﲏﻌﻔﻨﻳ ﺎﻣ ﲏﻤﻠﻋﻭ ،ﲏﺘﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﲟ ﲏﻌﻔﻧﺃ ﻢﻬﻠﻟﺍ

.

ﲔﻣﺁ ، ﻼﺒﻘﺘﻣ ﻼﻤﻋﻭ ﺎﺒﻴﻃ ﺎﻗﺯﺭﻭ ﺎﻌﻓﺎﻧ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺄﺳﺃ ﱐﺇ ﻢﻬﻠﻟﺍ

ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﲦ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ

ﱃﺇ

ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻱﺪﻟ ﺎﻣ ﺰﻋﺃ

ﱃﺇ

ﱄ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﳌﺎﻄﻟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺃ

ﻦﶈﺍﻭ ﺓﺪﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺍﺪﻨﺳ

.

ﱃﺇ

ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺱﺮﻛ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍ ﰊﺃ

ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﱏﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺟﺍ ﻦﻣ

.

ﱃﺇ

ﺎﻤﺎﻨﺣﻭ ﺎﻤﻬﻔﻄﻋ ﱐﻮﲰﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ

ﰐﻮﺧﺇ

":

ﺓﺮﻫﺯ

ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺎﻬﺟﻭﺯﻭ

ﺪﺒﻋ ،ﺔﺤﻴﲰ، ﻲﻛﺍﺯ، ﲑﻫﻭﺯ ،

ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ،ﻢﻌﻨﳌﺍ

"

ﱃﺇ

ﺔﳝﺮﻛ ، ﺔﻳﺩﺭﻭ، ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺭ ﰐﺎﻘﻳﺪﺻ

.

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ﺱﺭﻬﻔﻝﺍ -ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ... ﺍ -ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ . ... ﺝ -ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ . ... ... ﺩ -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . ... ﻩ -ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ . ... ﻭ

ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ . -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . ... 8 1 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ . ... 9 2 -ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ . ... ... 10 3 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . ... 11 4 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ... 13 4 -1 : ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ . ... 13 4 -2 : ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ . ... 14 5 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻫ ... 15 5 -1 : ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ . ... 15 5 -2 : ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ . ... 16 5 -3 : ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ . ... 16 6 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ . ... 16 7 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ... 17 7 -1 : ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ . ... 17 7 -2 : ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . ... 18 7 -3 : ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ . ... 18 8 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ . ... 19 8 -1 : ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ . ... 19 8 -2 : ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ . ... 19 9 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ . ... 19 -لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . ... ... 21

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ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ . -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . ... 23 1 ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺓﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ... 24 1 -1 : ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ 1962 -1970 . ... 24 1 -2 : ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ 1971 -1989 . ... 24 1 -3 : ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ 1990 -1997 . ... 25 1 -4 : ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ 1997 ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﻤﻭﻴ ﻰﻝﺍ . ... 25 2 -: ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻝ . ... 26 3 -: ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ... 27 3 -1 : ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ . ... 27 3 -2 : ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ لﺎﺠﻤ . ... 27 3 -3 : ﺭﻴﻁﺄﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ . ... 28 3 -4 : لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ . ... 28 4 -: ﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤ ... 28 4 -1 : ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ . ... 28 4 -2 : ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ . ... ... 29 4 -3 : ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ . ... 29 5 -: ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ . ... 29 6 ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ . ... 30 7 -ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . ... 30 -لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . ... 32 ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ل -ﻡ -ﺩ . -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ . ... 34 1 -: ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ -ﻡ -ﺩ . ... 35 2 -: ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ : ﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ،ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤ،ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻝ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻩ . ... 35 3 -ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ . ... 38 4 -ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ -ﻡ -ﺩ ... 38 4 -1 : ﺩﻴﺼﺭﺘﻝﺍ . ... 38 4 -2 : ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ . ... 38 4 -3 : ﺔﻴﺌﻭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ . ... 39 5 -ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ -ﻡ -ﺩ : ... 39

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5 -1 : ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻭ ﻲﺴﺍﺩﺴ ﻲﻓ لﻜﻴﻬﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ . ... ... 39 5 -2 : ﻙﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ . ... 40 5 -3 : ﺩﻴﺼﺭﻝﺍ . ... 41 6 -: ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ : ... 42 6 -1 : ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻠﻝﺍ . ... 42 6 -2 : ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ . ... .. 43 6 -3 : ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ . ... 44 7 -ﺕ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ -ﻡ -ﺩ . ... 44 8 -: ل ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ -ﻡ -ﺩ : . ... 45 8 -1 : ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ . ... 45 8 -2 : ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ . ... 45 9 -ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ . ... 46 -لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ . ... 49

ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ

ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ . -ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ ... 51 1 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ . ... 52 2 -ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ . ... 52 3 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ . ... 53 3 -1 : ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ . ... 53 3 -2 : ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ . ... 53 4 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ . ... 53 5 -ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ . ... 54 5 -1 : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻕﺩﺼ . ... 54 5 -2 : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜ . ... 55 6 -ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ . ... 55 7 -ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ . ... 55

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ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋ 1 -ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ . ... 58 2 -ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﺍ . ... 71 2 -1 : ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ . ... 71 2 -2 : ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ . ... 71 2 -3 : ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ . ... 72 3 -ﺕﺎﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘ . ... 72 ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ . ... 74 ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ . ... 76 ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ .

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لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ

:

ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍ 01 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 27 :( ل ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 58 02 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 24 :( ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ل ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﺘ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 58 03 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 23 :( ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . 59 04 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 22 :( ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺼﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ . 59 05 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 21 :( ﺭﺘﺴﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ . 60 06 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 20 :( ل لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ -ﻡ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺩ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ . 60 07 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 19 :( ﺔﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻕﻴﻌﺘ ﺽﻭﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ . 61 08 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 18 :( ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻌﻴ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜ . 61 09 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 17 :( ل ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻀﺭﻝﺍ -ﻡ ﺩ . 62 10 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 16 :( ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺸ ﺎﺴﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ . 62 11 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 15 :( ﺕﺎﺼﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ . 63 12 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 14 :( ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻬﻨﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤ . 63 13 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 13 :( ل ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻸﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 64 14 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 12 :( ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﻴ . 64 15 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 11 :( ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺹﺼﺤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ . 65 16 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 10 :( ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁ . 65

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17 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 9 :( ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ . 66 18 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 8 :( ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝ ﻲﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﻺﻝ ﺔﻋﺎﻗ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . 66 19 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 7 :( ﻯﺩﻝ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻊﻓﺭ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ . 67 20 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 6 :( ل لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﺹﺼﺤﻝ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 67 21 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 5 :( ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 68 22 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 4 :( ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 68 23 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 3 :( ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺡﺭﺸﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 69 24 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 2 :( ل ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺭ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 69 27 ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ) 1 :( ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻭﺤ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 70

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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺭﺎﺴﺘﻤ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ لﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺔﻀﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺒﺼ ﻲﻁﻌﺘ ﺔﻐ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﻨ ﻲﻜ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝ ﺓ ﺏﻁﺎﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒﻭ لﻜﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺠﻭ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﺠ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻴ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺩ ﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻅﻭﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭ ﻑﻴ ﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻤ ﺎﺜﺤﺎﺒ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﻝ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﻨﺎﺼﻭ ﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺏﺠﻭ . ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺎﻓ لﺒﻘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴ ﻤﺠﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻭﺫﻴﻓ ﺩ ،ﺕﻭﻤﻴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺕﻠﻅ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ لﺴﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺒﻨﻷﺍ ﺘ ﺙﻌﺒ ﺩﺩﺠﺘﻝ ﺱﺎﻨﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ لﺎﻗ ،ﻡﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘﻭ " : ﺱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺙﻌﺒﻴ ﷲﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﺌﺎﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺩ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺩﺠﻴ " ﻪﺠﺭﺨﺃ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻪﻨﻨﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻭﺍﺩ – ﻡﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻕﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﻋ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﺴﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﺩﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺭﻤﺃ ،ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺴ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻨ ﻻ ﺎﺒﻠ ﻑﻴﻴﻜﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺎﻫﺫﺨﺄﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻀﻓﺭﻨ ﻱﺃ . ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻨﻴﺄﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ . ﻭ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ لﻭﺼﻓ .

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لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ، ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻪﻠﻫﺄﺘﻭ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻔﺼ ،ﻪﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻴﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻩ ﻤﻝﻭ ﺎ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ ﺍﺫ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺤﻼﺼﺇ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻭﺤ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴﻭ . ﻡ . ﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩ ،ﻩﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ،ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﻪﺘﻠﻜﻴﻫ ،ﻪ ﺌﺩﺎﺒﻤ ل ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻭ ،ﻪ . ﻡ . ﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺩ ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ل ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭ . ﻡ . ،ﺩ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ل ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ . ﻡ . ﺩ . ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﻠﺼﻓ ﻡﻅﻴﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ : ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝ ﻡﻅﻴﻭ : ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ . ﺱﺩﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺽﺭﻋ لﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺞ ﺽﺭﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻜ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ .

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ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ : ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ . ﻡ . ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﺴﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺨ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺯﻴﺤ ﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﺠﺸ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ . ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻜﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻌﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻋ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻥ . ﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝ " ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺩﺩﺤ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺩﻨﻤ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ 2004 -2013 " 1 ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺍﺩﻗﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ ﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﺔ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭﻴﺴﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺩﺠﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ . ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻠﻤ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﺒ ﻪﻀﻴﻭﻌﺘﻭ ﺯﺯﻌﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ . ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁﻨ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ : ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻘﻘﺤ لﻫ ) ل . ﻡ . ﺩ ( ؟ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ -؟ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ : ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻗﺭﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ل ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ -ﻡ -ﺩ . 1 ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻴﻝﺩ 2 ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ، . ﻡ . ﺩﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺩ ﻲﻠﻜﺃ ،ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﻭﺃ ﺩﻨﺤﻤ 2009 ﺹ ، 5 .

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ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ : ﺘ لﻗﺭﻌﺘ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ . ﻡ . ﺩ . ﺘ لﻗﺭﻌﺘ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺩﺠﻭ ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ . ﻡ . ﺩ . ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : ﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺴ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻪﺘﻀﺭﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻝﻭ ﺏﻜﺭ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤ لﺠﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﺘﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ لﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﻫﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻸﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ، : ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘ ﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭ ﻅﻨ ﺡﻼﺼﺇ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘﻭ ﺔ ﻡﺎ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ . ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻕﻴﻌﺘﻭ لﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ل . ﻡ . ﺩ . -ل ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ . ﻡ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﻹﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺓﺭﻴﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻁ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻠﻝ ﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻴﻋﺎ -. ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘﻝ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ لﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ : -ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻕﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ -لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ -لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ . ﻡ . ﺩ . -ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ل ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻭﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤ . ﻡ . ﺩ .

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ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ : 1 -ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﻪﻨﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ " ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ لﻜ ﺔﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻁﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ " ﻡﻭﻠﺒﺩ " ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ". 1 ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ ﻴ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤ ،ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻩﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻬﺠﺘﻭ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻁﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ . 2 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ لﺼﺃ " universitas " ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻲﻨﻁﻭ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺢﻨﻤﻝ ﺔﻝﻭﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﺒ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻠﻌﺘ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺨ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺕﺎﺼﺼ . 2 ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ : ﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻡﻅﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺠﻤﺩﺘﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﺴﻨ ﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺌﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻅﻨﻤ ﻕ . 3 -ل ﻡﺎﻅﻨ . . : ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺘﺭ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺭﻴ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻠﻝ : 1 -ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻝ : 6 ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺍﺩﺴ ،ﺎﻴﺭﻭﻝﺎﻜﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺍ ) ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ 180 ﺩﻴﺼﺭ ( . 2 -ﺘﺴﺎﻤ : 4 ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺩﺴ ) ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ 120 ﺩﻴﺼﺭ .( 3 -ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ : 3 ﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺒ ﺙﺤ . 3 1 -ﻲﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻓ ﻩﺩﺒﻋ ﻕﻭﺭﺎﻓ : ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ،ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺹ ،ﺔﻨﺴ 245 .

2 Encyclopedia microsoft encarta dictionnaire encarta 2005.

3 ل ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻝﺩﻝﺍ . ﻡ . ﻥﺍﻭﺠ ﺩ 2011 ﺹ ، 13 .

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ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ : ﻴﻨﺒﺘ ﻡﺘ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﻫ ﻪ ﻲﻓ ﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻴ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻪﻘ ﺔﻨﺴ 2004 ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ . 4 -ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ : ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺩﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺒﺨﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺏﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ . 1 ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ : لﺩﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺱﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻘﺤ ﺩﻗ ﺏﻝ ﻪﻝ ﺩﻴﺭﺃ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ . 1 ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻘﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ : ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺘﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﻤﺃ 1978 ﺹ ، 162 .

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ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ

ﳉﺍ

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ﺔﻌﻣﺎ

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ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺔﻴﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﺔﻨﻀﺎﺤﻜ ﻥﻴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﺕﻠﻅ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ . 1 ﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻤ ﺔﻌ ﻓ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺭﺼﻋ ﻲ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﺒﻴ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻬﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻜﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﻫﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻘ ﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ ﻥﻴﺠﺭﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴ ﺎﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴﺴ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ . ﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨﺴ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻴ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻜﻴﻫ ،ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺙ ﻭ ﺍﺫﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻩﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﺼ ،ﻪﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ . 1 ،ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺕﻴﻨﺎﺠﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﺃ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ،ﻡﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،لﻭﻷﺍ 1986 ﺹ ، 89 .

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1 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : لﻜ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻌﻤﻭ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻬﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻪﺤﻤﺎﻁﻤﻭ ﻪﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺩﺤﻴﻭ ﻪﺘﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ . ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺍﺫﻬﻝﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻝ ،ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻓ ،ﻥﻭﻨﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﻥﻴ ﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻕﻼﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻬﺘﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ . 1 ﺡﻼﻁﺼﺎﻓ " ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ " ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺫﻭﺨﺄﻤ " uniersita " ﻯﻭﻗﺃ ﻡﻀﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻭﻔﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺩﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺩ " ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ " ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ . 2 ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﻴﻭ " frederic haston " ﺃ ﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻨ ﺠ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ . 3 ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻤ ﺎﻴﻜﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻌﺸﻹﺍ ﻨﺘ ،ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻁ ﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﺒ ﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔ ﺍ ﻊ ﻝ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻴﻭ . 4 ﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﺸﻤﻝ ﻭ ﻓ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻉ ﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨ ﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇﻭ ﻴﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴ ﻥ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺕﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ . 5 1 ﺩﻝﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺔﻔﻴﻠﺨ : ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔ ﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺩﻝﺍ ، ﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺒﻁﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻁﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ 1989 ﺹ ، 177 . 2 ﻲﺴﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ : ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻌ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲ 2002 ، ﺹ 10 .

3 Alain beaudot : sociologie de l’ecole paris durant 1981, p77.

4 ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﺹ ،ﺭﻁﻗ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ،ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ، 195 . 5 ﻡﻗﺭ ﻱﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ 83 -544 ﻲﻓ ﺥﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍ 24 -09 -1983 ﺔﻴﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ .

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ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﺼﻭ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻤ ﻥ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻁ . ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﺸﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻡﻅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻨﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ . 2 -ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻴﺩﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺎﻤﻭﺩ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺫﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻪﺠﻭﺒ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅ ﺔﻨﻤﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ لﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺤﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻜﺸﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ... ﺦﻝﺍ . ﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻝ ﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺫﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻗ ﺕ ﺩﺠ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻨ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺤ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﺩ ﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺴ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠ ،ﻥﺎﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﺽﻭﺎﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ لﺒ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺼﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﻜ ،ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝ ﻜﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪ ﺫ ﻩﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻤﺜﺘ ﻙﻝ . 1 ﻥﻜﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻤ ﻑﺭﺘﻌﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻤﺜﺘ ﺎﻫﻭﺠﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ لﻭﺒﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻅﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺯﺍﺭﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻁﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ . 2 1 ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻌﻝﺍ : ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ) ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ( ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺤﻭﻝﻭﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ، 1998 ﺹ ، 12 . 2 ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 12 .

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3 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : ﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﻨﺠﻝﺍ لﻜﻝ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺭ ﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺱﺭﻏﻭ ﻱ ﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﺤ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻀﻓﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﻏ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﻴﻭ ، ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻴﺭﻁ ﻭﻫﻭ ، ﻘ ﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺔ ﻲﻋﺎ . 1 ﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﺹﻼﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔ ﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ : -ﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝ . -لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺤﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍ . -ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘ . -ﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻨﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍ . -ﺘ ﺔﻌﺒﺎ-ﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁ . ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ . -ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘ . -ﺱﻴﺴﺤﺘﻠﻝ لﻌﻓ لﻜﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴ . -ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻲﻌﺴﻝﺍ . -ﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ . ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻘﺒﺎﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ . -ﻕﺭﻁﺒ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ . 2 ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻜﺅﻴﻭ " ﺭ ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻁ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻱﺩﺸ " ﻥﻭﺼ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌ ﻁﻨ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﺎ ، ﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻﻭ ﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴ ﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﺍﺩﺘﺴﻤ ﻜﺫﻨﻭ ، ﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ : 1 ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺒ : ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ 1997 ﺹ ، 154 .

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-ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻱﻭﺫ ﻥﻴﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ لﻜ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﺈﺒ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ . -ﺎﺘﺇ ﺔﺤ ﻤ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻋ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩ ﻯ ﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻠﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﺎ ﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺨﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻅ ﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎ ﺔ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﺃ ﺩﻴﻁﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻝﺍ . -ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ، ﺘﺒ ﺭﻴﻓﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﻊﻴﺠﺸﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻓﻭ ﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻬ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺸﻨﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻭ ﻌ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺩ . -ﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺒ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﻕ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ 1 ، لﻭﻘﻴﻭ " ﻥﻭﺴﻴﻠﻤ " malisson ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ : " ﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﺃ ﻡﻴﻠ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ لﻘﻨﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺓ ." 2 ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﺫﻬﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ . ﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻠﻝ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺅﺭﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ " ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻁ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻱﺩﺸﺭ " ﻲﻫ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ : -ﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻓ ﺍ ﺞﻴﺭﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺭ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺭﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ . ﻊﻀﻭ ﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻌﻤ . 1 ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻁ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻱﺩﺸﺭ ﻱﺭﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﻤﻭ : ﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻝ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺩﺼﺭ ﻁ ،ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ 1 ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻫ ﺹ ،ﺓﺭ 455 .

2 Alain bienayn : l’enseignement superieur et l’idée d’universit », edition economica, paris,

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ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ . -ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻡﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﺤﺘﻤﻼﻝ ﻡﻅﻨ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ . -ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ . ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﻓ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻲ . -ﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﺃ ﺭ . ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺭﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ ، ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ . • ﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻬﺴﻴ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺏ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻤ . 1 • ﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﻻ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺀﻲﻬﻴ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺡﻭﻀﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ،ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﺔ ﺭﺍﺩﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺜ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻤﻠﻌﺘﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ . • ﻌﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻜﻤﺘ ﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ، ﻪﺴﻔﻨﺒ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺍﻭﻔﻘﻴﻓ . • ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺍ ﻭ لﻜ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻭ ﺔﻗﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝ ﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺤ ﻲ ،ﺎﻫﺎﺨﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ لﺴﻠﺴﺘﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘ لﻬﺴﻴﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻸﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ لﻜ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ . 2 4 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ : 4 -1 -ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺤﻴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ : -ﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻯ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺎﺘﺤﻴ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺒﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺩ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ . 1 ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻁ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻱﺩﺸﺭ 612 . 2 ﻱﺩﺸﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻁ ﺴ ﺎﺒ ﺹ ،ﻕ 613 .

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ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ . -ﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻲ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡ . ﺇ ﻴ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻓ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﺩﺃ ﺍﺩﺤ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺔﻀﻴﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺩﺎﺠ ﺔﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻰﻨﺩﺃ ﺩﺤﻜ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﺃ ﻭﺤﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﺤﻝﺎﺼﻝﺍ . -ﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﻥﺭﻤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺘ ﺎﻬ . 1 ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻭﺫﺠﺒ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ لﻴﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺘﻨﺍﻭ . 2 -ﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨ ، ﺭﻓﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﺤﻭﻤ ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ . -ﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻫﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﺒ ﻪﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸ . 3 ﻤﻭ ﺨ ﻥ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺤ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺌﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺤﻴ لﺍﺯﺎﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﺒ ﻰﻅ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻤ . 4 -2 -ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ : ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻫ ، ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺓ ﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻡ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘﻝ ﺔﺒﻭﻠﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ 1 ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﻠﺨﻝﺍ : ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ، ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ، ﺩﻠﺠﻤ 5 ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ، 13 ،ﺭﺎﻤ ، 1998 ﺹ ، 13 2 ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻱﺯﻤﺭ : ﻁ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻓﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ 1 ، 2006 ﺹ ، 78 . 3 ﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺤ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻴﻠ 13 .

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ﺎﻬﻨﺇ لﺒ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻓ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ . 1 ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻏﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ، ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ . 2 لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺭﺩﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻫﺄﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎ ﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﻭﺯﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﻥ ، ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍﻭ ، لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺵﻴﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ،ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻴﻠﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻠ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩ ﺩﻴﺼﺭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍﻭ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺎﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻋﺃ . 3 -ﻲﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻥﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﺎﻴﻤ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺭﺇ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ ﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻗ . 4 5 -ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻫ : لﻜﺎﻴﻫ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﻁﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ . 5 -1 -ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ : ﺠﻨ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻜﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎ ﺡ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ، ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﺼﺨﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻜﻤﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺩﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻴ ، ﺔﻋﺎﻗ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﻴﻭ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻬﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻡﺎﻬﻤﺒ ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻘﻝ ﺱﺭﺩ . 1 ﺵﺍﻭﻬﺒﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ : ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ 2005 ﺹ ، 55 . 2 ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺯﻤﺭ : ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ 78 . 3 ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 78 . 4 ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻱﺯﻤﺭ : ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 78 .

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5 -2 -ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ : ﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ لﺎﻴﺠﺃ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ . 5 -3 -ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ : ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻤﻬﻤ ﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻤﺌ ﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰ ﻝ ﻡﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺔﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻅﺘﻭ ،ﻪﺠﻭ لﻤﻜﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ . 1 6 ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ : ﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺔ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺒﻏﺭﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﻭﻤﺄﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ، ﺎﻤﻭ ﻪﻝﺫﺒﺘ ﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭ ﻥﻴﻤﺄﺘ ﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎ ﺩ لﻅﻴ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻭ ، ﺭﻭ ﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ،ﺔ ﻡﻬﺘﻴﺒﺭﺘﻭ ﺔﺒﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺠﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻘﻠﺨﻭ ﺎﻴﺤﻭﺭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴﻝ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻴﺤﻝﺎﺼ ﺀﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﻡﻬﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ . 2 ﺩﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺔﻤﻴﻅﻋ ﺓﻭﺭﺜ ﺩﺭﻭﻤ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻪ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ . ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻸﻝ ﻲﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ : 1 -ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺩﺄﺘ ﺔﻴ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ . 2 ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺌﺸﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﺔ ﻪﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ . 3 -ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﻷ ﺫﻔﻨﻤ ، ﺩﺌﺎﻗ ﻭﻬﻓ ، ﺠﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﻪ . 3 1 ﻙﺎﺴﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ : ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ ،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ 2007 ، 2008 . 2 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺎﻨﻏ ﻲﻨﻬﻤ ،ﻲﻨﺩﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﻤﻋ ،ﻯﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥ 16 ﺔﻨﺴ ، 1991 ﺹ ، 98 . 3 ﺔﻤﻜﺤ ،ﺭﺍﺯﺒﻝﺍ : ،ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ 1989 ﺹ ،ﻡ 81 .

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