African Women Committee on Peace and Development
OAU
AFRICAN WOMEN'S COMMITTEE ON PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT DOCUMENT
161
February 2000
Introduction
The programme proposal, hereunder outlined, consists of Parts I & II.
Part I contains four projects which the African Committee on Peace and Development (hereafter the Committee or AWCPD) proposes to implement in the next three years. The Committee itself has identified and outlined the activities that are now grouped and rationalised in those projects. Part II contains the budget that will be required to implement
the projects.
Following decisions by the Council and the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the OAU, the establishment of the Committee was jointly announced by the Secretary General of the OAU and the Executive Secretary of the UNECA in April 1998 in the course of the Conference on African Women and Development held on the occasion of the 401
anniversary of UNECA.
Since its establishment, the Committee* has held two meetings. Those meetings were devoted to constituting the Committee bureau (named the Board), adopting its rules of procedure, discussing the modalities of its relationships with the OAU and the ECA, as well as its priorities. The Board has held four meetings in which it prioritised the Committee's two-year program of activities. It devoted its last meeting, held in Addis Ababa, on 23 November 1999, to reviewing the first draft of the projects. In their present form, the projects incorporate the views of the Board members expressed at this meeting as well as
those submitted in writing to the Secretariat.
In drawing up the budget, OAU staff classification standards, budget practices and planning figures have been used as guideline. To this end, the OAU Secretariat had assigned Commodore Mesfin Binega of the Conflict Management Division to work with the Committee's Secretariat. However, the budget figures presented do not imply OAU endorsement. They reflect the activities that the Committee has envisaged to carry out in the immediate future.
Part I: Programme Proposal
A. Purpose
To add value to the work of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and the Economic Commission for Africa, and contribute to peace and development in Africa by enhancing the voice of African women in African regional and sub-regional organisations, African states, and African society at large.
* See list of names in Annex 1
B. Background
African women constitute more than 50 percent of the continent's population and 60 to 80 percent of the agricultural labor force. They produce up to 80 percent of essential foodstuffs, of which they process and sell large quantities. They dominate informal sector activities in many African towns and cities, and contribute substantially to self-help development efforts.
All of these are important to the survival of African households, but these figures also reflect the economic marginalisation and disadvantaged status of African women.
In general, women's economic participation rates tend to be highest in the agricultural sector and lowest in the better-paid industrial and service sectors. For instance, studies in West Africa show participation rates of women in agriculture ranging from 70.8% in 1988 to 69.5% in 1991, as compared to 66.3% and 65.0% for men for the same periods. Female participation in the industrial sector ranged from 7.0% in 1988 to 7.3% in 1991, and in the service sector, from 22.3% to 23.3% for the same period.
In Central Africa, women's participation was again highest in the agricultural sector, ranging from 88.9% in 1988 to 88.9% in 1991. In the industrial sector, women's participation was only 2.0% in 1988 and 2.1% in 1991, while in the service sector, women's participation ranged from 8.6% in 1988 to 9.3% in 1991. Similarly in Eastern and Southern Africa, women's participation in the agricultural sector ranged from 86.2% in 1988 to 85.0% in 1991. But their participation in the industrial sector was only 3.7% in 1988 and 4.0% in 1991, while service sector participation ranged from 10.2% in 1988 to 11.1% in 1991. North Africa had'the lowest female participation in the agricultural sector and the highest in the industrial sector with 22.4% in 1988 and 24.6% in 1991. It also had the highest female participation in the service sector with 38.8% in 1988 and 39.2% in 1991.
The figures, however, are often inaccurate in that a majority of African women are engaged in activities that fall outside the formal market-oriented sector. These activities are mostly related to food production and services necessary for household survival. But as the conventional view of employment refers only to paid work, women's work, though back- breaking and indispensable, seldom figures in official statistics because it is generally unpaid.
The general tendency in Africa is to regard women's work as secondary to that of men. As a result, women's work, especially their domestic and agricultural work tends to be unrecognized, unpaid, under-valued and ignored by policy makers despite its critical importance to the society. The level of women's participation in the labor force is often under-reported and consequently women's contribution to economic development remains invisible. As one UNIDO paper on the role of women in manufacturing observes, women in Africa "count but they are not counted."
Because African women and their young children disproportionately become victims of conflicts, they constitute the largest segment of internally and externally displaced refugees.
For this reason as well as for the reason that they bear the brunt of physical destruction, starvation, and abuse, African women play an important role as peace-builders at the community level. They have accumulated vast experience as peace conciliators, mediators and as post-conflict constructors. But their contributions have not received official recognition at the national level and even less at the regional and sub-regional levels. If Africa is to benefit from their contributions, their participation in conflict resolution processes at the national, regional and sub-regional levels must be ensured. Their efforts should
systematically be studied and their cases of success should be used as best practices to provide inspiration and guidance for their future involvement.
Constraints to women's effective participation in development
In Africa, the public sector is the largest employer of both the male and female labor forces.
However women are generally found mainly in the lower categories and areas considered as traditionally female occupations such as teaching, nursing, low-level administration and
clerical services.
Women's reproductive responsibilities are complex and demanding. They must not only bear children but also spend much of their time caring for them, preparing family meals, and often fetching firewood and water from long distances. Many African women are simply too exhausted to participate in development activities.
High fertility rates exacerbate women's problems. Fertility rates in Africa are generally very high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Total fertility rates in North Africa range from 3.4 in Tunisia to 6.7 in Libya; in Central Africa, from 5.3 in Gabon to 8.0 in Rwanda; in West Africa, from 5.3 in Cape Verde to 7.4 in Cote dlvoire; in Eastern and Southern Africa, from 1.9 in Namibia to 7.3 in Uganda. High fertility rates have impacted negatively on women's economic activities, not only increasing time spent on child care, but aiso the burden of providing food and services for household consumption. This has the effect of restricting women's access to paid employment
Women's participation in economic activities in Africa is severely constrained by inequitable access to education and training. Africa's literacy rates.are among the lowest in the world and in most African countries female literacy rates are particularly low. Overall, in sub- Saharan Africa, literacy rates are estimated at 59% for men and 36% for women. In this respect, in sub-Saharan Africa, male primary school enrolment decreased from 87.8% in 1980 to 75.4% in 1990, while female enrolment decreased from 67.3% in 1980 to 61.2% in
1990.
Secondary level enrolment through Africa is characteristically lower than primary enrolment and the disparity between male and female rates much wider to the general disadvantage of females, and at the tertiary level the disparity is stiii greater.
The relatively low educational level of most women in the region has made it particularly difficult for them to compete for wage employment. Even when they overcome the educational hurdles, women face special constraints when seeking employment in either the private or public sectors. They are frequently subjected to gender discrimination and denied employment for social and cultural reasons. Gender bias also constrains women's right to career prospects based solely on their professional competence, increases their marginalisation, limiting their participation in economic development.
In most African countries expansion of the formal sector has long been outpaced by rapid population growth. In the circumstances women are more likely than men to be denied employment opportunities. Further to this, legal restrictions in many countries on women's employment, family life and inequitable access to financial services, make it more difficult for women to actively participate in economic development activities.
Where women manage to secure employment in the private or public sectors, they are often subjected to wage discrimination, being under-paid in comparison to men's wages and salaries. This is most often due to job segregation by gender, with women working in lower paid professions such as teaching and nursing, with men having greater access to managerial and other more highly paid posts.
Throughout Africa, agrarian and land tenure policies and other legal restrictions have limited women's access to land and other factors of production such as technology and credit.
Structural gender inequality in rights and obligations has been translated into gender
differences in the use and control of productive resources.
Even in the agricultural sector, women do the work, but women seldom have equitable access to land, tools and credit to enable them to work more effectively and to reduce their poverty. For instance, women are constrained by inequitable access to ownership of farming tools and implements. A household survey in Kenya found that the value of women farmers' tools and implements amounted to only 18 percent of the value of those owned by men.
Social and cultural biases in society regarding the sexual division of labour and women's subordinate status in society have been effective barriers to their participation in development activities. Some of these cultural norms are supported by the laws of many African countries and have prevented women from taking action freely without the consent
of husbands or parents.
Overall women's economic activities have been constrained by a variety of factors including unequal access to education and training, demanding reproductive responsibilities and high fertility rates. These have been exacerbated by restrictions on employment in both public and private sectors, limited access to productive resources, and restrictive attitudes and
cultural practices.
Productive resources are inputs to the production process that improve the quality and quantity of products in a manner that the total cost of inputs is less than the total benefits from their utilisation. They include capital, labour, land, credit and technology, the resources utilised towards the objective of long-term sustainable development. The importance of these resources to production and the need for their effective utilisation involving the effective participation of the entire population in the development process, makes this a key issue, not only for the status of women but for the development process as a whole. The exclusion of women from access to these resources means the exclusion of half or more of the population from the development process, and by extension, the crippling of the
development process in Africa.
Credit plays a critical role in the development process as a means of acquiring productive resources. But not all groups have equal access. Women in Africa are often faced with a complex range of legal, social and practical constraints when seeking credit. One is the need for collateral, title to which is often in the hands of male heads of household, thus excluding women from independent access to credit.
In public life, the status of African women remains low. In sub-Saharan Africa, women who constitute more than half of the total population comprises only 11.7% of parliamentary membership, providing them with only token influence. At a higher level, where decisions are routinely made, women constitute a still smaller proportion of African cabinet ministers.
C. Context
It is increasingly evident in Africa as elsewhere, that the marginalisation of women severely constrains efforts to build sustainable peace and development. The proliferation of crisis situations in Africa tends to exacerbate existing contradictions and social iniquities, increasing gender inequality and vulnerability.
The spread and intensification of violent conflict in Africa, with women as the major victims, and the absence of women in the decision-making structures and existing mechanisms of conflict prevention, management and resolution, leads to recognition that sustainable peace and development cannot be attained without the participation and empowerment of women.
Women have proved to be particularly strong proponents of peace, stability and national reconciliation in many African countries. They have struggled courageously to create stability for their families, by promoting peace and reconciliation, even under difficult and traumatic
conditions.
The potential contribution of women to peace building in Africa has lacked significant impact on policies and decision making relating to conflict and peace building due, among others, to their absence from decision making processes and bodies at both the country and regional
levels.
The Regional Conference on Women, Peace and Development (Kampala, 1993) examined the nature and effects of conflict in Africa. The Conference found that as conflict was a major obstacle to development and hence to the advancement of African women who constitute more than half of the continent's population, their involvement in the peace and development processes was vital to development. It stressed the need for concrete action to increase women's participation-in political, economic and social issues to ensure their representation at all levels of decision making.
The Conference adopted the Kampala Action Plan which was incorporated into the African Platform of Action adopted by the 5th African Regional Conference on Women (Dakar, 1994) and endorsed by the African Assembly of Heads of State and Government. This informed and guided African participation in the Fourth World Conference (Beijing, 1995) leading to the adoption of the Beijing Plan of Action which explicitly stipulates that women's
participation is vital to any peace process.
In this context, the ECU and OAU jointly organised an Ad-Hoc Expert Group meeting/Women's Leadership Forum (Johannesburg, November 1998) to devise and elaborate concrete steps and modalities for establishment of an African mechanism that would give African women increased participation in peace efforts.
The Forum proposed the establishment of an African Women's Committee on Peace and Development. The proposal was adopted at the 66th Ordinary Session of the OAU Council of
Ministers.
Following consultation with the Executive Secretary of the ECU, the Committee was launched on 11 November 1998 in Addis Ababa where it held its first session (11-12 November 1998.
The African Women's Committee on Peace and Development is a joint initiative of the OAU and the ECA, established to function as an advisory body to the Secretary General of the
OAU and the Executive Secretary of the ECA, to enhance the contribution of women to peace and development efforts in Africa.
The AWCPD sees the need for its immediate involvement in the mainstream peace building efforts in Africa to ensure that current processes are informed and assisted by women who comprise more than half of the population.
Mandate and functions of the Committee
The totality of OAU decisions on the integration of African women in development, their political and legal empowerment, and promoting their participation in conflict prevention, management and resolution with a view to integrating, at all levels, their views and perspectives in peace policies and programmes, can together be considered as setting out the broad mandate of the Committee. The Committee is to be constituted as an autonomous body with an independent secretariat to advise the OAU Secretary General and the ECA Executive Secretary, and for accomplishment of its mission to establish a mechanism of partnership with the OAU Central Organ.
These decisions represent a vast array of mandates and terms of reference within which the Committee needs to set its priorities, taking into account that a number of international institutions are already implementing policies and programmes designed to help advance the status of African women along a wide range of concerns.
Mindful of these considerations, the Committee has decided to give priority to its peacemaking and peace prevention mission and to implement activities and projects in partnership with the OAU's Central Organ to ensure and enhance women's input in their
endeavours.
The Committee's mandate with respect to its peace mission is described as:
• Promoting a culture of peace by encouraging inclusion in African formal educational curricula, peace education and informally through conferences and
targeted symposia;
• Promoting conditions that sustain peace and development;
• To this end, to engage in advocacy for regional and sub-regional disarmament, the proliferation of small arms and the recruitment of child soldiers;
• In co-operation and partnership with the OAU and the UN, to promote and ensure the participation of African women in conflict prevention, management, and resolution processes;
• To promote the inclusion of African women in decision making positions in their respective governments, regional and international organisations and, to that end, to ensure the placement of more women diplomats and civil servants in their national diplomatic services and in international institutions.
D. Justification
Armed conflict is increasingly recognised as one of the major obstacles to economic and social development in Africa. During the past few decades the proliferation of conflict and the destruction linked to it has not only obstructed development, but damaged or destroyed much of what already existed. The nature and immediate causes of these conflicts vary
greatly and the international community often fails to design an appropriate intervention plan due to lack of sufficient information and analysis.
Most African wars are internal conflicts in which external interventions face a multitude of problems. These are often linked to issues of real or perceived political, social or economic exclusion of some sectors of the population, to the perceived benefit of others, leading to tensions which eventually contribute to violent conflict.
In many such cases, a strong civil society, traditional leadership and local peace organisations could make significant contributions to peace, as for instance in Somalia where formal, external initiatives in central and southern Somalia have consistently failed. This is in marked contrast to north-eastern and north-western Somalia where local communities and traditional leadership came together and negotiated durable agreements, bringing peace to
nearly half of that war-torn country.
Women's peace groups have a significant contribution to make. It is now widely recognised that because of their particular social roles, women have unique skills and perspectives to contribute to conflict prevention, management and resolution, and as the primary victims of
African wars, have a particularly strong stake in peace.
The Kampala Conference recommended the creation of an appropriate structure to promote leadership of women in conflict prevention, management and resolution and the establishment of a Committee to channel women's inputs into the peace process at the regional and international levels. Subsequent meetings have confirmed this need. The Ad- Hoc Expert Group Meeting/African Women Leadership Forum on Peace (Johannesburg, 1996) jointly organised by the ECA and OAU, endorsed the need for a concrete mechanism and appropriate modalities to establish an" African mechanism to enhance the participation of African women in peace issues. This led eventually to the proposal for the establishment of the AWCPD and its adoption by the OAU Council of Ministers
While the Committee has decided to give priority to its peace making and peace-promotion mission, some elements of development are highly relevant to this. In particular, account needs to be taken of the need for information on the status of women and expenditure on social services vital to the well-being of women and children, as these are often early casualties of investment in militarisation and conflict. The monitoring of African governments' social services expenditures will contribute to efforts to ensure that resources are Tiot diverted from peaceful development to conflict.
The programme wii! make a particularly important contribution by helping to encourage the interaction, networking, and capacity building of women's organisations and generally, the increased engagement of civil society in peace building. There is growing recognition that the engagement of an organised and aware civil society can play a key role in conflict prevention and resolution.
The major problems constraining African women, and African civil society in general, in their efforts towards a more inclusive, equitable and peaceful society, include lack of access to information to enhance their knowledge and capacity. Another major problem is the lack of access to communications to enable them to disseminate and exchange information and share their overall store of relevant knowledge and experience.
It is increasingly recognised that the solutions to these problems already exist in the form of Information Technology and Communications (ITC). This could be addressed in an efficient and cost-effective manner through use of ITC to link major African women's national and sub-regional peace and development networks. It would provide them with access to the Internet's huge stores of relevant information. This and access to e-mail, and assistance in development of websites, could make a key contribution to the emergence of African women's groups as a significant force for peace and development.
E. Strategy
The Committee will inform itself on the actual status of women and the constraints which hinder their input into peace and development efforts;
Building linkages of collaboration with institutions implementing policies and programmes aimed at enhancing the status of African women;
To develop modalities of co-operation with international institutions and NGOs, with a view to complementing their efforts to improve the economic, sociaf, legal and political status of
African women.
Promoting the capacity building and networking of women's organisations engaged in peace building and promotion of women's rights;
Establishing appropriate and mutually acceptable modalities of co-operation and working relationships with the Central Organ of the OAU with a view to enabling the utilisation of the experiences and perspectives of African women in all conflict prevention, resolution and peace-building efforts.
Alliance building, focusing on building wide networks of women's and peace NGOs, other civil society and international community actors concerned with peace issues and women's rights, and private sector actors with similar concerns.
F. Expected Outcome
Establishment of working relationships with a wide range of regional and international organisations concerned with peace building and the equitable integration of womerT in development; and
• Significantly increased knowledge of women-led conflict resolution traditions and mechanisms and dissemination of this knowledge through publications, symposia and training;
• Enhanced application and experience of combining traditional methods with conventional diplomatic and political methods in conflict prevention,
management and resolution;
• Publication of manuals, based on research findings, for application of women- led traditional methods of conflict resolution, for resolving actual conflicts or for the training of conciliators, mediators or facilitators
• Establishment and regular publication of an authoritative and easily accessible reference on African governments' investments in improving the social and economic conditions of African women based on disaggregated economic and social data on the status of African women;
10
Establishment of a standard reference for women's participation in African decision-making institutions;
Establishment of a network of women's peace groups to provide input into the
OAU Early Warning Mechanism.
• Publication of reports of studies undertaken under the programme;
Establishment of networks of stakeholders, including women's groups, other civii society actors, and the private sector, as part of a broader array of stakeholders interested in the promotion of a culture of peace;
• Establishment and maintenance of a database of African peace and women's
organisations;
• Regular publication of an AWCPD newsletter and relevant reports;
• Establishment of an AWCPD website and its use for dissemination of information on the AWCPD and sub-regional organisations;
• A substantial increase in women's representation in peace negotiations in African conflicts and specifically their growing utilisation by national governments as well as African regional and sub-regional organisations as fact- finders, mediators, facilitators and special envoys;
• Production of materials which African women's organisations can use for advocacy and for gauging the progress of their struggle.
G. Programme Objectives
To enhance African women's participation in all efforts for the promotion of peace and development at the national, sub-regional and regional levels.
H. Immediate Objectives Project Partnership
Immediate Objective One
To identify and establish linkages and working relationships with relevant Inter- Governmental Organisations (IGOs) interested in the advancement of peace building and conflict prevention, management and resolution.
Product 1.1
Establishment of linkages and areas of co-operation with the OAU, ECA and other relevant
IGOs.
Activities for Product 1.1 1.1.1
Study and prepare briefing notes for the Committee on the mandates and activities of relevant IGOs and NGOs with a view to identifying areas of potential collaboration;
11
1.1.2
Review (literature and Internet search) for peace programmes and activities of relevant IGOs and provide short briefing notes for Committee Members;
1.1.3
Prepare consultations by teams from the Committee with leaders/officials of the selected IGOs (OAU, UN/UNIFEM/UNESCO, IMF/World Bank, EU);
1.1.4
Assign consultants to study the mandates of the selected IGOs and results of the consultations and recommend to the Committee appropriate modalities of co-operation and
partnership.
1.1.5
Identify among African Women's organisations those that are capable of providing early warning information and establish a system to provide on a continuing basis information and assessments to the OAU Early Warning System.
Immediate Objective Two
To identify and establish linkages/working relationships with appropriate African NGOs/networks concerned with women's economic and political rights and peace issues, or irrwhich women play leadership roles.
Product 2.1
Establishment of working relationship with a network of African NGOs concerned with peace issues and women's economic and political rights.
Activities for Product 2.1
2.1.1
A consultant wiil conduct a desk review of African NGOs concerned with women's rights and peace issues, their mandates, activities and achievements, with a view to identifying functional and effective NGOs/networks concerned with women's economic and political
rights and peace issues;
2.1.2
Define modalities, terms and conditions of acceptance of observer status to the African Women Committee on Peace and Development as a framework for collaboration between the Committee and African women's peace and development associations and networks
12
2.1.3
Contacts, information exchange and consultations to promote formation of a network of African women's peace and development organisations;
2.1.4
Commission the preparation of issue papers to serve as the basis for subregional consultations with NGOs/institutions, in North Africa, West Africa, Eastern Africa, and Central and Southern Africa;
2.1.5
Commission a paper, informed by the results of the four sub-regional consultations, to serve as the centre-piece for a regional consultation which wilf set the directions of the Committee's collaboration with African NGOs on issues of mutual concern, and aim at formation of a regional peace and development network in collaboration with the
Committee;
2.1.6
Convene sub-regional consultations/workshops for women's peace and development networks to exchange information on conflict issues and status of women's rights at the national and sub-regionaf levels and initiate efforts towards forming sub-regional women's peace networks;
2.1.7
Convene (in the second year) a regional consultation of women's peace and development networks aimed at the formation of an Africa-wide women's peace network.
Product 2.2
A database of information on African women's NGOs and NGOs focusing on women's economic, social and political rights, their role, and achievements.
Activities for Product 2.2 2.2.1
Establish a mechanism for the continuing collection, analysis and assessments of data on African women's NGOs;
2.2.2
Develop and maintain a database of appropriate NGOs/networks engaged in enhancing women's political and economic rights, their roles and achievements;
13
Product 2.3
Enhanced capacity and information and communication access for the Committee and collaborating NGOs through ITC literacy and the effective use of Information Technology and Communication (ITC);
Activities for Product 2.3
2.3.1
Enhancement of 3TC capacity and use by the Secretariat of the AWCPD and collaborating
NGOs/networks;
Product 2.4
Enhanced profile of the AWCPD and collaborating NGOs through strategic use of ITC
2.4.1
Develop websites for the AWCPD secretariat and sub-regional networks to enable regular access to and exchange of information, and facilitate communication between and among the AWCPD and collaborating NGOs/networks, providing access to the considerable information on issues of peace, development and women's economic and political rights, available from the ECA and OAU.
II. Project Self Reliance
Immediate Objective Three
To study the major women-led conflict resolution tradition and mechanisms of African countries or regions involved in conflict or where conflict is expected or imminent; and take appropriate action to address such situations through applying those traditions and mechanisms, and through advocacy with the appropriate sub-regional, regional and
international institutions.
Product 3.1
A voice for African women through the advocacy of the AWCPD to present their views to the appropriate sub-regional, regional and international institutions.
Activities for Product 3.1
3.1.1
Consultant to conduct survey of women-led conflict resolution traditions and mechanisms of African countries and regions, in selected African countries in consultation with the members of the AWCPD and appropriate institutions in the countries selected for the initial studies;
14
3.1.2
On the basis of the initial survey, select countries for in-depth studies of women-led conflict resolution traditions and mechanisms for conflict prevention and resolution;
3.1.3
Publish the findings of the studies as monographs for wide dissemination to enhance knowledge in African countries of women's contributions to conflict prevention and
resolution;
3.1.4
On the basis of the published monographs, develop manuals for the training and use of community leaders, NGOs, governments and international organisation officials, in the application of traditional African conflict-resolution mechanisms to actual conflict situations;
3.1.5
Apply, and through application, develop experience of combining traditional methods with conventional diplomatic and political methods of preventing, managing or resolving conflict to enable them to play a more effective role in addressing contemporary conflict situations;
3.1.6
To collate and develop knowledge of women-led conflict resolution traditions and mechanisms and disseminate this knowledge through publications, symposiums and training;
3.1.7
Collect and disseminate data on the violation of women's rights in situations of conflict to support advocacy to prevent and redress such violations, including physical and psychological violence, deprivation of basic health services among others.
III. Project Social Watch Immediate Objective Four
To provide current knowledge on the political, economic and social status of African women as a basis for development and for advocacy for women's rights and fair and equitable
treatment.
Product 4.1
A standard, authoritative and easily accessible reference on the political, economic and social status of African women; an authoritative reference on African governments' investment in bettering women's social and economic conditions; a baseline for monitoring the progress of women's struggle for equitable treatment; and a ready source of material for advocacy for women's rights.
15
Activities for Product 4.1
4.1.1
Monitor and report on the performance of African governments in increasing women's participation in governmental decision-making institutions such as the cabinet, parliament, civil service and armed forces;
4.1.2
Establish a baseline and maintain a database on the above, to be updated regularly;
4.1.3
Conduct annual surveys of African governments and institutions to elicit information to update the baseline and thus monitor their performance in progressing towards equitable
treatment of women;
4.1.4
Obtain data on the social service expenditure of African governments from international organisations that under their mandate collect such data, desegregate this data to show the expenditure on women; establish a base I'ne of African governments social services expenditure on social services for women and regularly update the information;
4.1.5
Publish., at least bi-annually, under the auspices of the OAU Assembly, the data on women's participation and on social services expenditure for women, in an accessible and user- friendly format to make this information easily available to NGOs and other institutions concerned with promoting equitable treatment of African women.
IV. Project Capacity Building Immediate Objective Five
To transform the interim secretariat of the AWCPD into a permanent secretariat with the enhanced capacity required for implementation of the Committee's programme.
Product 5.1
An AWCPD permanent Secretariat with enhanced capacity in the areas needed to most effectively implement a large programme, with emphasis on the areas of institutional management and planning, and strategic communications, including the effective use of Information Technology and Communications (JTC) as a tool for self diagnosis and capacity building, and the use of strategic communications for networking and collection and
dissemination of information.
16
Activities for Product 5.1
5.1.1
Recruit a high-level Executive Secretary, a Programme Co-ordinator, an Information Officer familiar with ITC, and a Bilingual Secretary (English and French);
5.1.2
Familiarise the principal officials of the Secretariat with the strategic use of FTC;
5.1.3
Establish an AWCPD website to disseminate information and raise the profile of the AWCPD.
5. Project Culture of Peace
Immediate Objective Six
Promotion of a culture of peace through the inclusion of peace education and relevant issues in the formal educational curricula of African States, and informal education through consultations, conferences, targeted symposia, and the media and> to that end, to co operate and harmonise its activities with all organisations and, notably with UNESCO, in the implementation of the Zanzibar Women's Agenda on a culture of peace.
Product 6.1
Enhanced awareness of African governments of the need to provide peace education at all levels including that of their school systems.
Activities for Product 6.1
6.1.1
Approach UNESCO, UNICEF and the OAU with a view to undertaking joint advocacy with African governments aimed at encouraging them to consider integration of peace education in their school curricula;
6.1.2
Seek collaboration with UNESCO to produce, adapt and disseminate appropriate information and educational materials for promotion of a culture of peace.
I. Programme Management
Overall programme management and accountability will be ensured by a Programme Advisory Group comprising the Chairperson of the Board, the Secretary, and Treasurer of the
17
Board. The Programme Advisory Group, represented by its Chairperson, will guide the work of the Executive Secretary,
The Executive Secretary, with the support of a Programme Co-ordinator, Finance Officer/Accountant, and Information Officer will be responsible for the work of the Secretariat and implementation of the policies and decisions of the Board.
In view of the small size of the Secretariat it will need to rely heavily on consultants for
programme implementation.
3. Monitoring and Evaluation
Routine monitoring of the programme will be conducted through quarterly progress reports on the implementation of its components.
An internal evaluation/review of a formative nature will be conducted at the end of the first year of the programme, to assess progress, and determine possible needs for adjustment of elements of the programme. An external evaluation will be carried out at the end of the
second year of the programme.
Part II: AWCPD's Budget for Three Years*
Introduction
1. The budget estimate presented herewith consists of two parts. The first part covers an interim period of one year, a period judged to be required to raise the necessary fund and to hire the necessary staff. The second part covers the ensuing two years in which AWCPD will be expected to be fully
operational.
2. Assumption
a. Budget for the Interim Period
(i) The budget for the interim period is for a period of one year.
(ii) The Secretariat will, during this period, continue to receive assistance from the OAU and the UNECA both financial and in kind. These notably include :
■ Office premises;
■ Professional and technical assistance;
■ Utilities (electricity, telephone, etc);
■ Services such as messengers and cleaners;
« Publications
(iii) During the interim period", the staff of the Secretariat will consist of an Executive Officer, an Administrative/Finance Assistant and a bilingual secretary.
(iv) As funds become available, tne Secretariat's work programmes will utilize the services of consultants/experts.
b) Budget for the permanent Secretariat
(i) The budget estimate for the permanent Secretariat has been
prepared for a period of two years,
(ii) Details of the activities of the Secretariat are stated in the Program Proposal. The major activities in support of which the budget is prepared include :
■ Establishing linkages with organizations concerned with women issues in order to promote the formation of sub-
region networks.
■ Preparing/publishing briefing notes, monographs, manuals which will assist the AWCPD in conducting advocacy work.
■ Developing and maintaining a data base on women's social, economic and political status.
f The Committee has to decide the date the three-year budget period begins.
19
■ Developing information technology and communication capacity to enable the Committee and the Secretariat to retrieve and disseminate information on women's issues.
■ Undertaking peace missions in order to carry out conflict resolution activities and also promoting a culture of peace through peace education.
■ Monitoring the progress of women's struggle for equal rights.
■ Developing organizational and infrastructural capacity to enable the Secretariat to accomplish its mission.
(iii) The recommended staff of the permanent Secretariat include :
■ an Executive Officer;
■ a Program Coordinator;
■ an Information Officer;
■ an Administrative / Finance Officer;
■ consultants;
■ a Data Base Manager;
■ a Web Master;
■ a Bilingual Secretary;
■ a Driver / Messenger;
■ a Cleaner.
In addition, the Secretariat may make use of the OAU/UNECA's professional and
technical services.
. (iv) Salaries for the staff are based on OAU salary scale. The Data Base Manager, the Consultant and the Web Master will be paid
lump sum salaries.
3. Summary of the budget estimate for the interim period and the permanent Secretariat bv maior categories of expenditure
Item No.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Description
Staff costs
Office equipment and vehicle Meetings/Missions/Regional consultations
Communication services and documentation
Office supplies and miscellaneous expenses Continaencv
Grand Total
For interim period
85,68S
-
113,858 14,700 14,400
32,797 251,444
For Permanent Secretariat Yearl
243,081 56,30C 166,714 96,70C 106,000
57,339 630,734
Year 2
228,081
—
176,057 26,200 10,600
44,094 485,032
Total 471,162
56,300 342,771 122,900 21,200
101,433 1,115,766
GRAND
*TOTAL
556^851 56,300 456,629 137,600 25,600 134,230 1,367,210
20
4. Sources of funding
a) During the interim period, the OAU and UNECA will assist the Secretariat in mobilizing resources and will continue to provide assistance in kind as
in the past.
b) The permanent Secretariat is expected to mobilize resources and rely on its own resources. The OAU and the UNECA may, of course, render assistance in the mobilization of resources.
5. Other explanatory factors
a) The staff requirement is based on an assessment of the major activities of the Secretariat and reflects the minimum required for the implementation of the Committee's programmes. There may be a need for additional consultants as the consultancy work is more than can be handled by one Consultant during the period under consideration.
Therefore, for both the consultancy and documentation work, the Secretariat may have to continue to rely on professional assistance from
the OAU and the UNECA.
b) Next to staff costs, meetings/missions/regional consultation costs form the largest portion of the budget. Should there be a necessity to reduce the budget, this may be the area to examine further.
c) With regards to the Web site service, the establishment cost of US$60,000 may be waived as the Secretariat could use the OAU web
site.
21
BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR THE INTERIM PERIOD
1. Staff costs Salaries for staff:
Executive Officer
(Salary Grade 4) 40,954
Administrative/Finance Officer
(Salary Grade GSA5) 24,706
Bilingual Secretary
(Salary Grade GSA4) 20,029
85,689 85,689
2. Mission costs
a. Advocacy missions
Five members of the Committee and one member of the Secretariat undertaking two advocacy missions to African countries:
Round trip tickets
(6 x US$1,000 X 2) 12,000
Daily subsistence allowance (5 x US$168 x 2x5 days) +
(1 x US$151 x 2 x 5 days) 9,910
21,910
b. Peace missions
One of the objectives of the AWCPD relates to the role of the Committee in the area of conflict resolution. Two members of the Committee are expected to travel on peace missions to two
conflict areas in Africa for this purpose. The expenses to be incurred on these missions are as follows:
Round trip tickets
(2 x US$1,000 x 4 days x 2) 16,000
Daily subsistence allowance
(2 x US$168 x 4 days x 2) 2,688
Total missions 18,688 40,598
3. Meeting costs
a. AWCPD Committee Meeting
Statutory AWCPD Committee meeting will be held once during the year. The 16 members of the Committee will travel to Addis Ababa for the meeting:
22
Round trip tickets
(16 x US$1,000) 16,000
Daily subsistence allowance
(16 x US$168 x 5) 13,440
29,440
b. Board meetings
The five member Board holds meetings every 3 months. The meetings may be held outside Addis Ababa. One member of the Secretariat will service these meetings:
Round trip tickets 24,000
(6 x 4 trips x US$1,000) Daily subsistence allowance
(5 x US$168 x 4 trips x 5 days) + 19,820 (1 x US$151 x 4 trips x 5 days) 43,820
Total meeting costs 73,260 73,260
3. Documentation costs
The Secretariat is expected to publish issue papers and promotional materials as part of its efforts to promote women's rights:
a) Production of promotional material (in the form of
a profile folder), 3000 copies, one issue 7,500'- b) Publication of monographs on women led conflict
resolution traditions and mechanisms; three monographs, 2000 copies each issue (90 pages)
7,200
Total documentation 14,700 14,700
5. Office supplies
a) Stationary for the Secretariat 2,400
US$2,400 per annum
b) Computer supplies and accessories 500
Total office supplies 2,900 2,900
6. Miscellaneous expenses 1,500
7. Contingency 15% 32,797
GRAND TOTAL 251,444
23
BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR THE AWCPD PERMANENT SECRETARIAT
1
2
Salaries for Secretariat staff in accordance
OAU salary scale \
- An Executive Officer (Salary Grade P4) - A Program Coordinator
(Salary Grade P3) - Early Warning Officer
(Salary Grade P3) - Information Officer
(Salary Grade P2)
- Administrative / Finance Officer (Salary Grade GSA5)
- Data Base Manager (short term contract) (Salary $2,000 monthly)
- Consultant on Women Issues (Salary $3,000 monthly - Web Master
(Salary $800 monthly) - Bilingual Secretary
(Salary Grade GSA4) - Driver / Messenger
(Salary Grade GSB8) - Cleaner
(Salary Grade GSB5) Total
EaerfsFees !
The Secretariat will hire an expert for a period of 3 months to prepare issue papers
($5,000 x 3)
Mission Costs - - !
a. Advocacv Missions
Five members of the Committee and one member of the Secretariat are expected to undertake advocacy missions to the UN, EU, IMF and the World Bank in the next two years. The following is the travel cost for these missions.
- Round trip ticket to New York / Washington (6 x $2,241)
- Round trip ticket to Brussels (6 x $2,000)
Yearl
40,954 35,421 35,421 30,667 24,706 24,000 36,000 4,800 20,029 7,753
3,751 263,502
15,000
6,723 6,000
Year 2
40,954 35,421 35,421 30,667 24,706 24,000 36,000 4,800 20,029 7,753
3,751 263,502
6,723 6,000
Total
81,908 70,842 70,842 61,334 49,412 48,000 72,000 9,600 40,058 15,506
7,502 527,004
15,000
13,446 12,000
24
4
Daily subsistence allowance
(5 x $168 x 15 days) + (1 x $151 x 15 days) Total
b. Peace Missions
One of the objectives of the AWCPD is the role of the Committee in the area of conflict resolution.
Two members of the Committee are expected to travel on peace missions to five conflict areas in Africa for this purpose. The expenses for these missions are as follows :
- Round trip tickets
(2 x $1,000 x 4 davs x 5) - Daily subsistence allowance
(2 x $168 x 4 days x 5) Total
Total Mission Costs Meetinq Costs
a. AWCPD Committee Meeting
Statutory AWCPD Committee meeting will be heid once a year for two years. The 16 members of the Committee and two members of the Secretariat will travel to Kampala and Cote divoire for the
meetinqs
- Round trip tickets (18 x $1,000x2)
- Daily subsistence allowance
(16 x $168 x 5 x 2) + (2 x $151 x 5 x 2) - Interpretation services
- Local transportation :
Rental of 5 vehicles at $100 each per day (5 x $100 x 5 davs x 2)
- Rental of conference hall at $500 per day ($500 x 5 x 2)
Total
b. Board Meetings
The five member AWCPD Board holds meetings every 3 months. One member of the Secretariat will service these meetings. The expenses for the meetings will be as follows :
- Round trip tickets (6 x 8 trips x $1,000) - Daily subsistence allowance
(5 x $168 x 8 trips x 5 days) + (1 x $151 x 8 trips x 5 days)
Yearl
7,433 20,156
16,000
2,688 18,688 38,844
18,000
14,950 6,500 2,500
2,500 44,450
24,000 19,820
Year 2
7,433 20,156
24,000
4,032 28,032 48,188
18,000
14,950 6,500 2,500
2,500 44,450
24,000 19,820
Total
14,865 40,311
40,000
6,720 46,720 87,031
36,000 29,900
13,000 5,000
5,000 88,900
48,000 39,640
25
Rental of conference room ($150 x 8)
Year!
600
Year 2 600
Total
1,200 Stationary
($100 x 8) 400 400 800
Total 44,820 44,820 89,640
Total Meeting Costs 89,270 89,270 178,540
Sub-Regional Consultations / Workshops The AWCPD plans to convene two sub-regional consultations (workshops) for women's peace and development networks to exchange information on conflict issues, to initiate efforts towards forming sub-regional women's peace networks which will later lead to the formation of a regional women's peace networks. The consultations will take place over a three day period in Addis Ababa.
Participants other than AWCPD Committee members will cover their own travel and DSA
expenses.
Travel Expenses
Round table ticket for 15 AWCPD Committee members
(15 x $1,000x2) ' 15,000 15,000 30,000
Daily subsistence allowance
(15 x $168 x 5 days x 2) 12,600 12,600 25,200
Interpretation services 6,500 6,500 ■ 13,000
Stationary 1,000 1,000 1,000
Local transportation 2,500 2,500 5,000
Total 37,600 37,600 75,200
umentatioi
The Secretariat is expected to publish issue paper, manuals, informational and promotional materials as part of its efforts to promote women's rights.
a. Production of promotional material (in the form of a profile folder), 3,000 copies, one issue
7,500 7,500
b. Production of a bi-annual publication in data processing, social, political and economic status of
women, 60 pages 4,000 4,000 8,000
c. Publication of monographs on women led conflict resolution traditions and mechanisms; six monographs over the two year period; 2,000 copies
each issue, 90 pages 7,200 7,200 14,400
1 If Sub-Regionai Consultations are to be undertaken in the five Sub-Regions of Africa, this would entail an additional cost amounting to US$129,720.
26
7
8
9
10 11
d. Publication of a manual based on the above monographs for the training and use of community leaders, NGOs and Governments; 2000 copies, one issue, 90 paqes
Total Documentation costs Communication Costs
In order to establish necessary linkages with women issue organizations and to carry out advocacy work, as well as to collect data and
information, the Secretariat will make regular use of
a weh-site and the internet a. Cost of establishina a web-site h. WWW services $300 per month c. Payment for internet services $450 per month d. Telephone / Fax/e-maii services $500 per month Total Communication cost
Equipment and Vehicle Costs
The additional staff require office furniture and equipment and the Secretariat itself is not yet fully equipped. The following furniture and equipment is to be provided for this purpose.
- 6 desk top computers (6 x $3,000)
- office desks / chairs (6 x $700)
- 6 filing cabinets (6 x $400)
- 1 heavy duty photocopy machine 1 fax machine
1 desk calculator - 1 utility vehicle
Total Equipment and Vehicle costs Office Supplies
a. Stationary for the Secretariat f$3,600 per annum)
b. Computer supplies and accessories (floppy disks, software, CDs, toners, etc..)
C$2,000 annually) Total Office supplies
Miscellaneous expenses (including
maintenance of equipment and vehicles) Contingencies 15%
GRAND TOTAL
Yearl
3,000 21,700
60,000 3,600 5,400 6,000 75,000
18,000 4,200
2,400 10,000 500 200 21,000 56,300
3,600
2,000 5,600 5,000 91,172 698,988
Year 2
11,200
3,600 5,400 6,000 15,000
3,600
2,000 5,600
5,000 71,304 546,664
Total
3,000 32,900
60,000 7,200 10,800 12,000 90,000
18,000 4,200
2,400 10,000 500 200 21,000 56,300
-
7,200
4,000 11,200
10,000 168,476 1,245,652
27
Annex 1 THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE
H.E. Dr. Speciosa Wandira Kazibwe Chairperson
AWCPD
Vice President of Uganda P.O. Box 7359
Kampala - Uganda
Tel. (256-41) 23 45 90 / 23 65 61 / 23 65 62 / 23 65 63 Fax (256-41) 34 41 44
E-Mail : OVP=starcom.co.ug
H.E. Madam Ruth Sando Perry 1st Vice Chairperson
AWCPD
Founder/Chairperson, Perry Center 2804 Cleveland Avenue
Columbus, OH 43224 - USA Tel : (1-614) 268-4696 Fax : (1-614) 268-4825
Madam Gertrude Mongella 2nd Vice Chairperson -
AWCPD
President, Advocacy for Women in Africa (AWA) P.O. Box 31293
Dar-es-Salaam - Tanzania Tel : (255-51) 45 13 07 (office) Fax : (255-51) 45 13 08
Mobile: (255) 811 32 70 22
Fax : c/o Mrs. Kweba, UNDP (255 - 51) 11 32 72 E-Mail : awastwiga.com
Madam Fatimata Diallo-Dah 3rd Vice Chairperson
AWCPD
Ambassadeur, Conseiller Diplomatique du President du Faso BP 19685
Ouagadougou - Burkina Faso
Tel : (226) 30 66 30 / 30 66 31 / 30 66 32 (office) Fax : (226) 31 49 26
28
Madam Bineta Diop Secretary
AWCPD
Executive Director Femmes Africa Solidarite 8, Rue du Vieux-Billard Case Postale 5037
1211 Geneva 11 - Switzerland Tel : (4122) 328 80 50 (office) Fax : (4122) 328 80 52
E-Mail : info=fasngo.org
Internet: http://www.fasnqo.orq
Madam Karadja Fatma Member of AWCPD Universitaire
Presidente de I'Association Nationale de Soutien aux Enfants en difficulte et Membre de
1'Observatoire National des Droits de I'Homme La Palmeraie
78 Chemin Ibrahim El Biar Alger - Algerie
Tel : (213-2) 59 47 52
Fax: (213-2) 92 27 92/91 35 76
H.E. Madam Paulette Missambo Member of AWCPD
Ministre d'Etat,"
Charge du Travail, de 1'Emploi et de la Formation Professionnelle
BP 2256
Republique Gabonaise
Tel : (241) 74 32 18 (Bureau) Fax : (241) 77 35 45
Madam Sarah Letty Kachingwe Member of AWCPD
10 Clifton Road, Greendaie Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel : (263-4) 49 83 57
Fax : (263-4) 73 83 10 or c/o UNDP (263-4) 72 86 95 E-Mail : nancy=harare.iafrica.com>
Madam Marie-Therese Avemeka Member of AWCPD
38, Avenue Henri Barbusse 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine - France Tel : (33-1) 46 58 34 66 Mobile : (33-1) 0619 11 61
Fax : (33-1) 46 58 62 74 or c/o UNESCO (33-1) 45 68 55 57
29
Madam Patience Haltshwayo Pashe Member of AWCPD
Director, Women for Peace P.O. Box 1763
Bramley - 2018 South Africa
Tel : (27-11) 440 1334
Madam SaTda Agrebi Member of AWCPD Pariementaire
Presidente de I'Association Maghrebine des Meres ATM, Espace des Meres, Rue 7402
Les Jardins d'EI Menzah El Manar I Tunis 1092 Tunis, Tunisie
Tel : (216-1) 881 008 Fax : (261-1) 885 443 E-Mail : atm=Emaii.ati.tn
Website : http://www.atm.orq.tn
Hon. Madam Inonge Mbikusita Lewanika Member of AWCPD
President, Federatoin of African Women Peace Networks
P.O. Box31299 "
Lusaka - Zambia Tel : (260-1) 29 24 25
Fax : (260-1) 29 22 52 / 22 14 43
Madam Meaza Ashenafi Member of AWCPD
Executive Director of Ethiopian Women Lawyer's Association P.O. Box 13760
Addis Ababa - Ethiopia
Tel : (251-1) 53 17 01 (office) Fax : (251-1) 53 18 18
E-Mail: awla=telcomnet.cf Madam Asha Hagi Elmi Member of AWCPD
Chairperson, Save Somali Women and Children (SSWC) P.O. Box 38887
Nairobi - Kenya
Tel: (254-2) 74 40 83 Fax : (254 - 2) 74 90 50
30 AnnexII ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREOFTHEPERMANENTSECRETARIAT AWCPDCOMMITTEE AWCPDBOARD PROGRAMMEADVISORYGROUP EXECUTIVEOFFICER INFORMATIONOFFICERPROGRAMMECOORDINATOR DatabaseManager WebMasterConsultants EarlyWarningOfficer Experts
BILINGUALSECRETARY ADMINISTRATIVE/FINANCE Servicestaff
31 AnnexIII SALARYBREAKDOWNOFSECRETARIATSTAFF fOAUSALARYSCALED Item No. 1 2 3 4 5
Description Basicsalary PostAdjustmentallowance Dependencyallowance Educationallowance Housingallowance Total
Executive Officer (P4) 23,932 9,572 550 6,000 1,015 40,924
Program Officer (P3) 20,051 8,020 550 6,000 800 35,421
Information Officer (GSA5) 16,665 6,662 550 6,000 800 30,667
Administrative/ FinanceOfficer (GSA5) 12,451 4,980 550 6,000 725 24,706
Bilingual Secretary (GSA4) 9,217 3,287 550 6,000 725 20,029
Driver/ Messenger (GSB8) 6,953 -- 550 — — 7,503
Cleaner (GSB5) 2,951 ~ 550 — - 3,501 N.B.:Theeducationanddependencyallowancepaymentsareapproximateasthenumberofdependentsmayvary.
