"!$#&%'(*)*+-,/..-0$132546879.;:<.>=?,@>.A B0DCE79'(*.;FD.G79CH(*)*C1JI97KIL)*@.-0$132546879.;:<.>=M,/@-.
N&O-P*QSRUTVRUPW
N&XY[ZTVPUQ\V]_^`XS]baETc\VTcXdeZP*^f^`g^`XhUi_Pj^kZPmlLnbo[RpXTVnbo[^qZEPXSQS]bo[^`lLPUQXk^YETVrM]so>XPj^ut
bvqw-g^`XhUi_PW
H (s) = 1 + s (s + 2)(s 2 − 5s + 4)
x
vqw-g^`XhUi_P
x
H ( s ) = 1
s 4 + 2s 3 + 3s 2 + 8s + 3
y vqw-g^`XhUi_P y
H(s) = 5(2 − s)
s 4 + 3s 3 + 2s 2 + 6s + 1
N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP
x
z o{RUnbo[^T|ZhUQSPkZP*^&^g^}XShUi_P*^3]b^S^`P*Qr-T|^DZEnbo>X&\cPj^~lLn8o[RXSTcn8o[^&ZPXSQS]bo[^}lLP*Q`X&P*o_an8Y[Rp\VPqnbY[rbPUQXPk^nbo>X3Zn8oEoEdUPj^&RpTcZP*^S^`n8Y[^*v z o
ZEPUiW]so[ZEPZdpXSY[ZTVPUQ\V] ^`XS]baETV\cTcXdPUo{a5nbY[RU\cPqlLPUQSid*PZPRpP*^^g-^`Xh*i_P*^&P*o_lLnbo[RpXTVnboZEY{ 8]bTcoW5n8^TXSTl
K
PpXZEPf\|] Rpn8o[^}X]so>XP ZEPXSPUi_[^T
^PU\VnboH\cPWRU]8^SfPUoHYXSTc\VTV^S]so>Xu\cPWRUQTcXh*QP_ZPWknbYEXv z oHEQSd*RpT|^PUQ]{\dj8Y]MXTVnboHRU]bQS]8RXd*QT|^`XT|8Y[PZY^`g^`Xh*iP ]8^^PUQSr-TKvbvqw-g^`XhUi_PW
H BO ( s ) = K s(s + 3)(s + 4)
x vqw-g^`XhUi_P x
H BO (s) = K
s 3 + 5s 2 + 8s + 5
y
vqw-g^`XhUi_P
y
H BO (s) = K(1 + T s) s (1 + s )(1 + 0 . 5 s )
N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP
y
wnbTcX{\cP;EQSnRpPj^^Y[^_]b^S^`P*Qr-TkZP;\|][ bYEQSPbv&P*^_lLn8o[RXSTcn8o[^WZPXQ]so^}lLP*Q`X_Tco>XSPUQSrbPUo]so>X{ZE]so[^WRUP;^REd*iW]H^nbo>X{ZdU[oETVP*^
RUTZPj^^nbY[^ut
H ( s ) = 1
(1 + T s) 2
C ( s ) = 1 1 + nT s
]?r8P*R
K
YEo 8]bTcor?]bQT|]sa[\cPmXP*\>YEPK > 0
T > 0
PUXn > 0
vyc + −
K H(s)
C(s)
y
L^REd*iW]Z]b^S^PUQSr>T|^S^`P*iP*o>X
bvN3RUQTVQP\|]qlLn8o[RXSTcn8oZPXSQS]bo[^}lLP*Q`XJZY_^`g^`XhUi_PPUoan8Y[Rp\VPlLPUQSi_dUPPpX&Znbo[oEPUQJ\dj8Y]MXTVnboRU]bQS]8RXd*QT|^`XT|8Y[PZY_^`g^`Xh*iP
]b^S^PUQSr>Tv
x
vfYEP*\c\VPuP*^`Xq\V]_Rpn8o[ZTcXTVnboZP ^`XS]sa[Tc\VTXSd ZPeRpP ^g^}XShUi_Pe]b^S^`P*Qr-Tj
y vfYEP*\c\VPuP*^`Xq\V]rM]s\VPUYEQkiW]sO-TViW]s\VPeZY 8]sTVoZEP
K
5nbY[Qq8Y[Pe\cP ^g^}XShUi_Pe^`n8TXq^`XS]sa[\cPuPUo;>YEP*\>YEP ^`n8TXn
N&O-P*QSRUTVRUPe
N&XY[ZTVPUQ\V]^`XS]baETc\VTcXdWPUoa5nbY[RU\cP_lLP*Qi_d*P
QPUXn8YEQeYEoETcXS]bTcQSPjuZPj^ ^g-^`Xh*i_P*^e]b^S^PUQSr>T|^mPUoYXSTc\VTV^S]so>X \VP*^un8YXTV\V^ bQ]sEET|>YEP*^
]bEEQSnbEQSTVd*^ Z]so]s\Vg-^PZP"^}X]saETV\VTXSd
RUQTcXh*QPZP fg->YET|^`X
RpQSTXShUQSPZY/QSPUr8PUQ^SpvPj^ lLn8o[RXSTcn8o[^¡ZEP{XQ]so^}lLP*Q`X¡P*o/a5nbY[RU\cP
n8YErbP*Q`XSPe^`n8o8XkQSP*^PjRXSTcr8PUi_PUo>Xet
bvqw-g^`XhUi_PW
H BO (s) = K
(1 + T s) , K > 0, T > 0
x
vqw-g^`XhUi_P
x
H BO (s) = K
(1 + T 1 s )(1 + T 2 s ) , K > 0, T 1 > T 2 > 0
y
vqw-g^`XhUi_P
y
H BO (s) = K
s(1 + T s) , K > 0, T > 0
[vqw-g^`XhUi_Pe
H BO (s) = K
s 2 (1 + T s ) , K > 0, T > 0
¢
vqw-g^`XhUi_P
¢
H BO (s) = K
s (1 + T 1 s )(1 + T 2 s ) , K > 0, T 1 > T 2 > 0
N&O-P*QSRUTVRUP
¢
wnbTcXmYEoH]sYXSQP_^g-^`Xh*i_P]b^S^PUQSr>TDZnbo>Xu\cP_^SREdUiW]Z]8^^PUQSr-TV^S^`P*i_PUo>XfP*^`XmRUPU\VYET~ZP\V][ bY[QP¡PpXeZn8o8Xu\VP*^lLnbo[RpXTVnbo[^mZP
XSQS]bo[^`lLPUQXk^nbo>XqZdU[oETVP*^k[]bQet
H(s) = 1 + s
s ( s − 1)( s + 3)
C(s) = 1
bvN~XSY[ZTVPUQq\|]_^}X]saETV\cTcXd ZEY^g^}XShUi_Pe£_]b^S^`P*Qr-TVQ*v
x
vk¤nboEoEP*Qk\KPpOEQSP*^S^Tcn8oZPe\|]lLnbo[RpXTVnbo;ZPmXQ]so[^`lLPUQXkPUoa5nbY[RU\cPmlLPUQSi_dUP8v
y
vN~XSY[ZTVPUQq\|]_^}X]saETV\cTcXd ZEY^g^}XShUi_Pe]b^S^`P*Qr-T¥PUoYXSTc\VT|^]bo8Xk\VP RpQSTXShUQSPmZEP knbYXSv
[vqw-Tkn8o¦ZP*r?]bTX{]bEE\VTV>YEP*Q\VP;RpQSTXShUQSP"ZEP fg8Y[TV^`X
Zn8oEoEP*Q\VP"oEnbiaEQPZP"Xn8YEQ^PU§5PjRXSYEd[]sQ_\VPZETV]b bQ]si_i_PZP
qg>YET|^}XfZEY^g^}XShUi_PuPUo"an8Y[Rp\VPenbY[rbPUQXPu]sYEXnbY[QqZYn8Tco>XfRpQSTcXT|8Y[Pbv
¢
vk¤nboEoEP*Q\K]s\V\cY[QPuZYZTV]b bQ]si_i_PZPe fg->YET|^`XkZEY"^g^}XShUi_PP*oa5nbYRp\VPmn8YErbP*Q`XSPfP*oEQSd*RUTV^S]so>X\V]5n8^TXSTcn8oZY"n8Tco>X
RpQSTcXT|8Y[PbvMN&o_Zd*ZEYETcQSP\V]mRpn8o[ZTcXTVnbo_ZPk^}X]saETV\VTXSdZEY^g^}XShUi_PP*oa5nbYRp\VPlLP*Qi_d*PP*oYEXTV\cT|^]bo>XD\VPkRpQSTXShUQSPZPk fg->YET|^`X*v