___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapitre IX : Bibliographie générale
Aglietti, P. & Menchetti, P.P. 2000. Distal femoral varus osteotomy in the valgus osteoarthritic knee.
Am J.Knee Surg., 13, (2) 89-95.
Agneskirchner, J.D., Hurschler, C., Stukenborg-Colsman, C., Imhoff, A.B., & Lobenhoffer, P. 2004.
Effect of high tibial flexion osteotomy on cartilage pressure and joint kinematics: a biomechanical study in human cadaveric knees. Winner of the AGA-DonJoy Award 2004.
Arch.Orthop.Trauma.Surg., 124, (9) 575-584.
Ahlback, S. 1968. Osteoarthrosis of the knee. A radiographic investigation. Acta Radiol.Diagn.
Suppl-72.
Ahmad, F., Kirkpatrick, W.N., Lyne, J., Urdang, M., Garey, L.J., & Waterhouse, N. 2003. Strain gauge biomechanical evaluation of forces in orbital floor fractures. Br.J.Plast.Surg., 56, (1) 3-9.
Akisue, T., Yamaguchi, M., Bauer, T.W., Takikawa, S., Schils, J.P., Yoshiya, S., & Kurosaka, M. 2003.
"Backside" polyethylene deformation in total knee arthroplasty. J.Arthroplasty, 18, (6) 784-791.
Amis, A.A., Oguz, C., Bull, A.M., Senavongse, W., & Dejour, D. 2008. The effect of trochleoplasty on patellar stability and kinematics: a biomechanical study in vitro. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br, 90, (7) 864-869.
An, K.N., Takahashi, K., Harrigan, T.P., & Chao, E.Y. 1984. Determination of muscle orientations and moment arms. J.Biomech.Eng, 106, (3) 280-282.
An, K.N., Ueba, Y., Chao, E.Y., Cooney, W.P., & Linscheid, R.L. 1983. Tendon excursion and moment arm of index finger muscles. J.Biomech., 16, (6) 419-425.
Anderson, I.A., MacDiarmid, A.A., Lance, H.M., Mark, G.R., Phelps, R., & Walsh, W.R. 2003. A novel method for measuring medial compartment pressures within the knee joint in-vivo.
J.Biomech., 36, (9) 1391-1395.
Argenson, J.N. & O'Connor, J.J. 1992. Polyethylene wear in meniscal knee replacement. A one to nine-year retrieval analysis of the Oxford knee. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 74, (2) 228-232.
Arndt, A., Westblad, P., Ekenman, I., Halvorsen, K., & Lundberg, A. 1999. An in vitro comparison of bone deformation measured with surface and staple mounted strain gauges. J.Biomech., 32, (12) 1359-1363.
Ashman, R.B., Rho, J.Y., & Turner, C.H. 1989. Anatomical variation of orthotropic elastic moduli of the proximal human tibia. J.Biomech., 22, (8-9) 895-900.
Baillon, B., Salvia, P., Feipel, V., & Rooze, M. 2006. [Changes in knee kinematics and quadriceps and hamstrings moment arms after high valgus and varus tibial "dome" osteotomy: An in vitro study]. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 92, (5) 464-472.
Baker, W.E. & Dove, R.C. 1963. Construction and evaluation of a three-dimensional strain Rosette.
Experimental Mechanics, 3, (9) 201-206.
Beardsley, C.L., Paller, D.J., Peura, G.D., Brattbakk, B., & Beynnon, B.D. 2007. The effect of coordinate system choice and segment reference on RSA-based knee translation measures.
J.Biomech., 40, (6) 1417-1422.
Beaupied, H., Lespessailles, E., & Benhamou, C.L. 2007. Evaluation of macrostructural bone biomechanics. Joint Bone Spine, 74, (3) 233-239.
Bedouelle, J. 1977. Anteversion of the femur neck. Acta Orthop.Belg., 43, (4) 416-432.
Bedson, J., Jordan, K., & Croft, P. 2005. The prevalence and history of knee osteoarthritis in general practice: a case-control study. Fam.Pract., 22, (1) 103-108.
Berard, J., Bousquet, G., & Trillat, A. 1977. 8 cases of external tibial torsion associated with genu varum. Acta Orthop.Belg., 43, (4) 511-524.
Bergmann, G., Deuretzbacher, G., Heller, M., Graichen, F., Rohlmann, A., Strauss, J., & Duda, G.N.
2001. Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities. J.Biomech., 34, (7) 859-871.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bergmann, G., Graichen, F., & Rohlmann, A. 1993. Hip joint loading during walking and running, measured in two patients. J.Biomech., 26, (8) 969-990.
Bergmann, G., Graichen, F., & Rohlmann, A. 1999. Hip joint forces in sheep. J.Biomech., 32, (8) 769-777.
Bergmann, G., Graichen, F., Siraky, J., Jendrzynski, H., & Rohlmann, A. 1988. Multichannel strain gauge telemetry for orthopaedic implants. J.Biomech., 21, (2) 169-176.
Berman, L., Mitchell, R., & Katz, D. 1987. Ultrasound assessment of femoral anteversion. A comparison with computerised tomography. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 69, (2) 268-270.
Berzins, A., Jacobs, J.J., Berger, R., Ed, C., Natarajan, R., Andriacchi, T., & Galante, J.O. 2002.
Surface damage in machined ram-extruded and net-shape molded retrieved polyethylene tibial inserts of total knee replacements. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 84-A, (9) 1534-1540.
Blaimont, P. & Burny, F. 1968. Resistance to traction and hardness of the femoral diaphysis. Acta Orthop.Belg., 34, (6) 883-892.
Blaimont, P. & Schoon, R. 1977. 2 cases of gonarthrosis associated with an internal torsion abnormality of the tibia. Acta Orthop.Belg., 43, (4) 476-481.
Blaimont, P., Burny, F., & Wagner, J. 1968a. Application of extensometry to the study of bone reactions in hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop.Belg., 34, (2) 253-270.
Blaimont, P., Halleux, P., & Jedwab, J. 1968b. Distribution of bony restraints in the femur. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 54, (4) 303-319.
Blankevoort, L., Huiskes, R., & de, L.A. 1988. The envelope of passive knee joint motion.
J.Biomech., 21, (9) 705-720.
Blankevoort, L., Huiskes, R., & de, L.A. 1990. Helical axes of passive knee joint motions. J.Biomech., 23, (12) 1219-1229.
Blunn, G.W., Joshi, A.B., Minns, R.J., Lidgren, L., Lilley, P., Ryd, L., Engelbrecht, E., & Walker, P.S.
1997. Wear in retrieved condylar knee arthroplasties. A comparison of wear in different designs of 280 retrieved condylar knee prostheses. J.Arthroplasty, 12, (3) 281-290.
Bowen, J.R., Morley, D.C., McInerny, V., & MacEwen, G.D. 1983. Treatment of genu recurvatum by proximal tibial closing-wedge/anterior displacement osteotomy. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (179) 194-199.
Boyd, S.K. & Ronsky, J.L. 1998. Instantaneous moment arm determination of the cat knee.
J.Biomech., 31, (3) 279-283.
Boyer, P., Djian, P., Christel, P., Paoletti, X., & Degeorges, R. 2004. [Reliability of the KT-1000 arthrometer (Medmetric) for measuring anterior knee laxity: comparison with Telos in 147 knees].
Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 90, (8) 757-764.
Brand, R.A., Pedersen, D.R., & Friederich, J.A. 1986. The sensitivity of muscle force predictions to changes in physiologic cross-sectional area. J.Biomech., 19, (8) 589-596.
Brasier, R.I. & Dove, R.C. 1961. Use of electrical-resistance Strain Elements in Three-dimensional Stress Analysis. Experimental Mechanics, 1, (6) 186-191.
Braten, M., Terjesen, T., & Rossvoll, I. 1992. Femoral anteversion in normal adults. Ultrasound measurements in 50 men and 50 women. Acta Orthop.Scand., 63, (1) 29-32.
Braten, M., Terjesen, T., & Rossvoll, I. 1993. Torsional deformity after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures. Measurement of anteversion angles in 110 patients. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 75, (5) 799-803.
Braten, M., Terjesen, T., & Rossvoll, I. 1995. Femoral shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing. A follow-up study focusing on problems related to the method. Injury, 26, (6) 379-383.
Brett, A.L. 1935. Operative correction of genu recurvatum. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 17, 984-989.
Brown, T.D. & Shaw, D.T. 1984. In vitro contact stress distribution on the femoral condyles.
J.Orthop.Res., 2, (2) 190-199.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Buck, P., Morrey, B.F., & Chao, E.Y. 1987. The optimum position of arthrodesis of the ankle. A gait study of the knee and ankle. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 69, (7) 1052-1062.
Bull, A.M., Berkshire, F.H., & Amis, A.A. 1998. Accuracy of an electromagnetic measurement device and application to the measurement and description of knee joint motion. Proc.Inst.Mech.Eng H, 212, (5) 347-355.
Burnotte, J., Jourdain, M., Blaimont, P., Fairen, M., & Halleux, P. 1976. Femoro-patellar strain. Study of femoro-patellar contact surfaces during flexion of the knee. Acta Orthop.Belg., 42 Suppl 1, 144-152.
Burny, F. 1968. Study of consolidation of fractures by deformation gauges in clinical medicine. Acta Orthop.Belg., 34, (6) 917-927.
Burny, F., Bourgois, R., Donkerwolcke, M., & Moulart, F. 1978. Clinical use of strain gauges. Current situation and future prospects. Acta Orthop.Belg., 44, (6) 895-920.
Burny, F., Zucman, J., Bourgois, R., Aubriot, J.H., & Sedel, J. 1971. Use of extensometric gauges for measurement of tibial fracture consolidation treated by centromedullary nailing: theoretical study and initial results. Acta Orthop.Belg., 37, (3) 266-277.
Burr, D.B., Milgrom, C., Fyhrie, D., Forwood, M., Nyska, M., Finestone, A., Hoshaw, S., Saiag, E., &
Simkin, A. 1996. In vivo measurement of human tibial strains during vigorous activity. Bone, 18, (5) 405-410.
Cahuzac, J.P., Vardon, D., & Sales de, G.J. 1995. Development of the clinical tibiofemoral angle in normal adolescents. A study of 427 normal subjects from 10 to 16 years of age. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 77, (5) 729-732.
Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Leardini, A., Benedetti, M.G., & Croce, U.D. 1996. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: experimental artefacts. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 11, (2) 90-100.
Chao, E. Y. S. 1978, "Biomechanics of high tibial osteotmy," In Symposium on reconstructive surgery of the knee, AAOS, St Louis : Mosby : pp. 143-160.
Chapman-Sheath, P.J., Bruce, W.J., Chung, W.K., Morberg, P., Gillies, R.M., & Walsh, W.R. 2003. In vitro assessment of proximal polyethylene contact surface areas and stresses in mobile bearing knees. Med.Eng Phys., 25, (6) 437-443.
Cheung, J.T., Zhang, M., & An, K.N. 2004. Effects of plantar fascia stiffness on the biomechanical responses of the ankle-foot complex. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 19, (8) 839-846.
Chiu, K.Y., Zhang, S.D., & Zhang, G.H. 2000. Posterior slope of tibial plateau in Chinese.
J.Arthroplasty, 15, (2) 224-227.
Christensen, P., Kjaer, J., Melsen, F., Nielsen, H.E., Sneppen, O., & Vang, P.S. 1982. The subchondral bone of the proximal tibial epiphysis in osteoarthritis of the knee. Acta Orthop.Scand., 53, (6) 889-895.
Clavert, P., Kempf, J.F., Bonnomet, F., Boutemy, P., Marcelin, L., & Kahn, J.L. 2001. Effects of freezing/thawing on the biomechanical properties of human tendons. Surg.Radiol.Anat., 23, (4) 259-262.
Cochran, G.V. 1972. Implantation of strain gages on bone in vivo. J.Biomech., 5, (1) 119-123.
Cohen, Z.A., McCarthy, D.M., Kwak, S.D., Legrand, P., Fogarasi, F., Ciaccio, E.J., & Ateshian, G.A.
1999. Knee cartilage topography, thickness, and contact areas from MRI: in-vitro calibration and in-vivo measurements. Osteoarthritis.Cartilage., 7, (1) 95-109.
Cooke, D., Scudamore, A., Li, J., Wyss, U., Bryant, T., & Costigan, P. 1997. Axial lower-limb alignment: comparison of knee geometry in normal volunteers and osteoarthritis patients.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 5, (1) 39-47.
Cooke, T.D., Price, N., Fisher, B., & Hedden, D. 1990. The inwardly pointing knee. An unrecognized problem of external rotational malalignment. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (260) 56-60.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cooke, T.D., Scudamore, R.A., Bryant, J.T., Sorbie, C., Siu, D., & Fisher, B. 1991. A quantitative approach to radiography of the lower limb. Principles and applications. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 73, (5) 715-720.
Cooke, T.D., Sled, E.A., & Scudamore, R.A. 2007. Frontal plane knee alignment: a call for standardized measurement. J.Rheumatol., 34, (9) 1796-1801.
Cooperman, J.M., Riddle, D.L., & Rothstein, J.M. 1990. Reliability and validity of judgments of the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee using the Lachman's test. Phys.Ther., 70, (4) 225-233.
Cordey, J. & Gautier, E. 1999. Strain gauges used in the mechanical testing of bones. Part I:
Theoretical and technical aspects. Injury, 30 Suppl 1, A7-13.
Coughlin, K.M., Peura, G.D., Fleming, B.C., Hallock, S., & Beynnon, B.D. 2005. In vivo loads in the medial compartment of the rabbit knee. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 20, (9) 1007-1009.
Coventry, M.B. 1985. Upper tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 67, (7) 1136- 1140.
Coventry, M.B. 1987. Proximal tibial varus osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment of the knee. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 69, (1) 32-38.
Cristofolini, L. & Viceconti, M. 2000. Development and validation of a technique for strain measurement inside polymethyl methacrylate. Journal of Strain Analysis, 35, (1) 21-32.
Cristofolini, L. 1997. A critical analysis of stress shielding evaluation of hip prostheses. Crit Rev.Biomed.Eng, 25, (4-5) 409-483.
Currier, J.H., Bill, M.A., & Mayor, M.B. 2005. Analysis of wear asymmetry in a series of 94 retrieved polyethylene tibial bearings. J.Biomech., 38, (2) 367-375.
Damyanovich, A.Z., Staples, J.R., & Marshall, K.W. 2000. The effects of freeze/thawing on human synovial fluid observed by 500 MHz 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J.Rheumatol., 27, (3) 746-752.
Daniel, D.M., Stone, M.L., Sachs, R., & Malcom, L. 1985. Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Am.J.Sports Med., 13, (6) 401-407.
De Leva P. 2008. Anticrossproducts and cross divisions. J.Biomech., 41, (8) 1790-1800.
De Moraes Barros Fucs, P.M., Svartman, C., & de Assumpcao, R.M. 2005. Knee flexion deformity from poliomyelitis treated by supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy. Int.Orthop., 29, (6) 380-384.
Debouck, C. & Rooze, M. 1995. A topographical study of cartilaginous lesions to the elbow.
Surg.Radiol.Anat., 17, (4) 301-305.
Dejour, D., Bonin, N., & Locatelli, E. 2000. Tibial antirecurvatum osteotomies. Oper.tech.sports med., 8, 67-70.
Dejour, H. & Bonnin, M. 1994. Tibial translation after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Two radiological tests compared. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 76, (5) 745-749.
Dejour, H. 1991. Histoire naturelle de l'arthrose fémoro-tibiale. Comptes rendus des 7èmes journées lyonnaises de chirurgie du genou, les gonarthroses 97-114.
DelBello, D.A. & Watts, H.G. 1996. Distal femoral extension osteotomy for knee flexion contracture in patients with arthrogryposis. J.Pediatr.Orthop., 16, (1) 122-126.
Dickson, K.F., Galland, M.W., Barrack, R.L., Neitzschman, H.R., Harris, M.B., Myers, L., & Vrahas, M.S. 2002. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee after ipsilateral femur fracture.
J.Orthop.Trauma, 16, (8) 567-571.
Ding, M., Dalstra, M., Danielsen, C.C., Kabel, J., Hvid, I., & Linde, F. 1997. Age variations in the properties of human tibial trabecular bone. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br, 79, (6) 995-1002.
Ding, M., Odgaard, A., Linde, F., & Hvid, I. 2002. Age-related variations in the microstructure of human tibial cancellous bone. J.Orthop.Res., 20, (3) 615-621.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Doorenbosch, C.A. & Harlaar, J. 2004. Accuracy of a practicable EMG to force model for knee muscles. Neurosci.Lett., 368, (1) 78-81.
Dorlot, J.M., Ait Ba, S.M., Tremblay, G.M., & Drouin, G. 1980. Load elongation behavior of the canine anterior cruciate ligament. J.Biomech.Eng, 102, (3) 190.
Dove, R.C., Brasier, R.I., & Baker, W.E. 1962. Selection of gages for srain measurement at interior points. Experimental Mechanics, 2, (6) 189-190.
Draganich, L.F., Andriacchi, T.P., & Galante, J.O. 1982. A technique for embedding strain gages within curing bone cement. J.Biomech., 15, (10) 789-790.
Dugailly, P.M., Sobczak, S., Moiseev, F., Sholukha, V., Salvia, P., Feipel, V., Rooze, M., & Van Sint, J.S. 2011. Musculoskeletal modeling of the suboccipital spine: kinematics analysis, muscle lengths, and muscle moment arms during axial rotation and flexion extension. Spine (Phila Pa 1976.), 36, (6) E413-E422.
Dugailly, P.M., Sobczak, S., Sholukha, V., Van Sint, J.S., Salvia, P., Feipel, V., & Rooze, M. 2010. In vitro 3D-kinematics of the upper cervical spine: helical axis and simulation for axial rotation and flexion extension. Surg.Radiol.Anat., 32, (2) 141-151.
Dunlap, K., Shands, A.R., Jr., HOLLISTER, L.C., Jr., GAUL, J.S., Jr., & STREIT, H.A. 1953. A new method for determination of torsion of the femur. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 35-A, (2) 289-311.
Dunn, D.M. 1952. Anteversion of the neck of the femur; a method of measurement. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 34-B, (2) 181-186.
Duparc, F., Thomine, J.M., Simonet, J., & Biga, N. 1992. Femoral and tibial bone torsions associated with internal femoro-tibial osteoarthritis. Index of cumulative torsions]. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 78, (7) 430-437.
Eckhoff, D.G. & Winter, W.G. 1994. Femoral and tibial torsion. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (302) 2-3.
Eckhoff, D.G. 1994. Effect of limb malrotation on malalignment and osteoarthritis.
Orthop.Clin.North Am., 25, (3) 405-414.
Edgerton, B.C., Mariani, E.M., & Morrey, B.F. 1993. Distal femoral varus osteotomy for painful genu valgum. A five-to-11-year follow-up study. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (288) 263-269.
Elias, J.J., Bratton, D.R., Weinstein, D.M., & Cosgarea, A.J. 2006. Comparing two estimations of the quadriceps force distribution for use during patellofemoral simulation. J.Biomech., 39, (5) 865- 872.
Engel, G.M. & Staheli, L.T. 1974. The natural history of torsion and other factors influencing gait in childhood. A study of the angle of gait, tibial torsion, knee angle, hip rotation, and development of the arch in normal children. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (99) 12-17.
Engh, G.A., Zimmerman, R.L., Parks, N.L., & Engh, C.A. 2009. Analysis of wear in retrieved mobile and fixed bearing knee inserts. J.Arthroplasty, 24, (6 Suppl) 28-32.
Fabeck, L., Farrokh, D., Behets, C., & Delince, P. 2002. Anatomical and radiological correlation of Lequesne's "false profile". Surg.Radiol.Anat., 24, (3-4) 212-216.
Fabeck, L., Parewyck, S., Rooze, M., & Burny, F. 2000. Geometrical analysis of the femoral neck torsion. Cells Tissues.Organs, 167, (1) 68-72.
Fabry, G. 1997. Normal and abnormal torsional development of the lower extremities. Acta Orthop.Belg., 63, (4) 229-232.
Fabry, G., Cheng, L.X., & Molenaers, G. 1994. Normal and abnormal torsional development in children. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (302) 22-26.
Fabry, G., MacEwen, G.D., & Shands, A.R., Jr. 1973. Torsion of the femur. A follow-up study in normal and abnormal conditions. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 55, (8) 1726-1738.
Favre, J., Jolles, B.M., Aissaoui, R., Aminian, K. 2008. Ambulatory measurement of 3D knee joint angle. J. Biomech., 41, 1029-35.
Feipel, V., Rooze, M., Louryan, S., & Lemort, M. 1992. Bi- and three-dimensional CT study of carpal bone motion occurring in lateral deviation. Surg.Radiol.Anat., 14, (4) 341-348.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feipel, V., Salvia, P., & Rooze, M. 1998. A new method for measuring wrist-joint ligament length changes during sagittal and frontal motion. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 13, (2) 128-137.
Felson, D.T. 1990. Osteoarthritis. Rheum.Dis.Clin.North Am., 16, (3) 499-512.
Filardi, V. & Montanini, R. 2007. Measurement of local strains induced into the femur by trochanteric Gamma nail implants with one or two distal screws. Medical Engineering & Physics, 29, (1) 38-47.
Fish, J.D. & Kosta, C.S. 1998. Genu recurvatum: identification of three distinct mechanical profiles.
J.Proth.Orthotics, 10, (2) 26-32.
Fleming, B.C., Oksendahl, H., & Beynnon, B.D. 2005. Open- or closed-kinetic chain exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Exerc.Sport Sci.Rev., 33, (3) 134-140.
Forriol, F., Goenaga, I., Mora, G., Vinolas, J., & Canadell, J. 1997. Measurement of bone lengthening forces; an experimental model in the lamb. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 12, (1) 17-21.
Fortis, A.P., Panagiotopoulos, E., Kostopoulos, V., Tsantzalis, S., & Boudouris, T. 2000. Strain development in carpal scaphoid for various wrist positions: a cadaveric study using strain gauges.
Injury, 31, (7) 529-535.
Freeman, M.A. & Pinskerova, V. 2005. The movement of the normal tibio-femoral joint. J.Biomech., 38, (2) 197-208.
Fukubayashi, T. & Kurosawa, H. 1980. The contact area and pressure distribution pattern of the knee. A study of normal and osteoarthrotic knee joints. Acta Orthop.Scand., 51, (6) 871-879.
Gage, A.A. 2004. Selective cryotherapy. Cell Preservation Technology, 2, 3-14.
Gage, A.A., Baust, J.M., & Baust, J.G. 2009. Experimental cryosurgery investigations in vivo.
Cryobiology, 59, (3) 229-243.
Gage, A.A., Greene, G.W., Jr., Neiders, M.E., & Emmings, F.G. 1966. Freezing bone without excision. An experimental study of bone-cell destruction and manner of regrowth in dogs. JAMA, 196, (9) 770-774.
Galbraith, R.T., Gelberman, R.H., Hajek, P.C., Baker, L.A., Sartoris, D.J., Rab, G.T., Cohen, M.S., &
Griffin, P.P. 1987. Obesity and decreased femoral anteversion in adolescence. J.Orthop.Res., 5, (4) 523-528.
Gilbert, K.K., Brismee, J.M., Collins, D.L., James, C.R., Shah, R.V., Sawyer, S.F., & Sizer, P.S., Jr.
2007a. 2006 Young Investigator Award Winner: lumbosacral nerve root displacement and strain:
part 1. A novel measurement technique during straight leg raise in unembalmed cadavers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976.), 32, (14) 1513-1520.
Goldblatt, J.P. & Richmond, J.C. 2003. Anatomy and biomechanics of the knee. Operative Techniques in Sports Medecine, 11, (3) 172-186.
Goldstein, S.A. 1987. The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: dependence on anatomic location and function. J.Biomech., 20, (11-12) 1055-1061.
Goldstein, S.A., Wilson, D.L., Sonstegard, D.A., & Matthews, L.S. 1983. The mechanical properties of human tibial trabecular bone as a function of metaphyseal location. J.Biomech., 16, (12) 965- 969.
Gonzalez-Herranz, P., Burgos-Flores, J., Rapariz, J.M., Lopez-Mondejar, J.A., Ocete, J.G., & Amaya, S. 1995. Intramedullary nailing of the femur in children. Effects on its proximal end. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 77, (2) 262-266.
Goodfellow, J. & O'Connor, J. 1978. The mechanics of the knee and prosthesis design. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 60-B, (3) 358-369.
Goutallier, D., Garabedian, J.M., Allain, J., & Bernageau, J. 1997. Effect of osseous torsions of the lower limb on the development of lateral femorotibial knee arthrosis.
Rev.Chir.Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 83, (7) 613-621.
Greenleaf, J.E. 1996. The anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral aspect of the knee. Operative Techniques in Sports Medecine, 4, (3) 141-147.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grood, E.S. & Suntay, W.J. 1983. A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three- dimensional motions: application to the knee. J.Biomech.Eng, 105, (2) 136-144.
Grood, E.S., Suntay, W.J., Noyes, F.R., & Butler, D.L. 1984. Biomechanics of the knee-extension exercise. Effect of cutting the anterior cruciate ligament. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 66, (5) 725-734.
Gugenheim, J.J., Probe, R.A., & Brinker, M.R. 2004. The effects of femoral shaft malrotation on lower extremity anatomy. J.Orthop.Trauma, 18, (10) 658-664.
Guidera, K.J., Ganey, T.M., Keneally, C.R., & Ogden, J.A. 1994. The embryology of lower-extremity torsion. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (302) 17-21.
Guimberteau, J.C., Delage, J.P., & Wong, J. 2010. The role and mechanical behavior of the connective tissue in tendon sliding. Chir Main, 29, (3) 155-166.
Guimberteau, J.C., Sentucq-Rigall, J., Panconi, B., Boileau, R., Mouton, P., & Bakhach, J. 2005.
Introduction to the knowledge of subcutaneous sliding system in humans. Ann.Chir Plast.Esthet., 50, (1) 19-34.
Harrigan, T.P., Kareh, J.A., O'Connor, D.O., Burke, D.W., & Harris, W.H. 1992. A finite element study of the initiation of failure of fixation in cemented femoral total hip components.
J.Orthop.Res., 10, (1) 134-144.
Harrison, M.M., Cooke, T.D., Fisher, S.B., & Griffin, M.P. 1994. Patterns of knee arthrosis and patellar subluxation. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (309) 56-63.
Haut Donahue, T.L., Hull, M.L., Rashid, M.M., & Jacobs, C.R. 2002. A Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibio-Femoral Contact. J.Biomech.Eng., 124, 273-280.
Helou, S., Pilliard, D., & Taussig, G. 1988. Flexion of the knee in poliomyelitis. Results and indications for femoral and tibial osteotomies. Int.Orthop., 12, (2) 125-134.
Hernigou, P. & Deschamps, G. 2004. Posterior slope of the tibial implant and the outcome of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 86, (3) 506-511.
Herzog, W. & Read, L.J. 1993. Lines of action and moment arms of the major force-carrying structures crossing the human knee joint. J.Anat., 182 ( Pt 2), 213-230.
Hsieh, Y.F., Wang, T., & Turner, C.H. 1999. Viscoelastic response of the rat loading model:
implications for studies of strain-adaptive bone formation. Bone, 25, (3) 379-382.
Hsu, R.W., Himeno, S., Coventry, M.B., & Chao, E.Y. 1990. Normal axial alignment of the lower extremity and load-bearing distribution at the knee. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (255) 215-227.
Huang, P., Gupta, M.C., Sarigul-Klijn, N., & Hazelwood, S. 2006. Two in vivo surgical approaches for lumbar corpectomy using allograft and a metallic implant: a controlled clinical and biomechanical study. Spine J., 6, (6) 648-658.
Hufner, T., Citak, M., Suero, E.M., Miller, B., Kendoff, D., Krettek, C., & Citak, M. 2011. Femoral malrotation after unreamed intramedullary nailing: an evaluation of influencing operative factors.
J.Orthop.Trauma, 25, (4) 224-227.
Huiskes, R. & Chao, E.Y. 1983. A survey of finite element analysis in orthopedic biomechanics: the first decade. J.Biomech., 16, (6) 385-409.
Hunter, D.J. & Felson, D.T. 2006. Osteoarthritis. BMJ, 332, (7542) 639-642.
Hutter, C.G. & Scott, W. 1949. Tibial torsion. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 31, (3) 511-518.
Inaba, H. & Arai, M. 1989. A method for measuring contact pressures instantaneously in articular joints. J.Biomech., 22, (11-12) 1293-1296.
Inaba, H.I., Arai, M.A., & Watanabe, W.W. 1990. Influence of the varus-valgus instability on the contact of the femoro-tibial joint. Proc.Inst.Mech.Eng H., 204, (1) 61-64.
Insall, J.N., Joseph, D.M., & Msika, C. 1984. High tibial osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis. A long- term follow-up study. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 66, (7) 1040-1048.
Iseki, F. & Tomatsu, T. 1976. The biomechanics of the knee joint with special reference to the contact area. Keio J.Med., 25, (1) 37-44.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ishii, Y., Terajima, K., Terashima, S., & Koga, Y. 1997. Three-dimensional kinematics of the human knee with intracortical pin fixation. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (343) 144-150.
Iwaki, H., Pinskerova, V., & Freeman, M.A. 2000. Tibiofemoral movement 1: the shapes and relative movements of the femur and tibia in the unloaded cadaver knee. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br, 82, (8) 1189-1195.
Jaarsma, R.L., Pakvis, D.F., Verdonschot, N., Biert, J., & van, K.A. 2004. Rotational malalignment after intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. J.Orthop.Trauma, 18, (7) 403-409.
Jacquemier, M., Glard, Y., Pomero, V., Viehweger, E., Jouve, J.L., & Bollini, G. 2008. Rotational profile of the lower limb in 1319 healthy children. Gait and Posture, 28, (2) 187-193.
Jakob, R.P., Haertel, M., & Stussi, E. 1980. Tibial torsion calculated by computerised tomography and compared to other methods of measurement. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 62-B, (2) 238-242.
Jend, H.H., Heller, M., Dallek, M., & Schoettle, H. 1981. Measurement of tibial torsion by computer tomography. Acta Radiol.Diagn.(Stockh), 22, (3A) 271-276.
Jiang, C.C. & Insall, J.N. 1989. Effect of rotation on the axial alignment of the femur. Pitfalls in the use of femoral intramedullary guides in total knee arthroplasty. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (248) 50- 56.
Johnson, F., Leitl, S., & Waugh, W. 1980. The distribution of load across the knee. A comparison of static and dynamic measurements. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 62, (3) 346-349.
Johnson, F., Scarrow, P., & Waugh, W. 1981. Assessment of loads in the knee joint.
Med.Biol.Eng.Comput., 19, (2) 237-243.
Jomha, N.M., Anoop, P.C., & McGann, L.E. 2004. Intramatrix events during cryopreservation of porcine articular cartilage using rapid cooling. J.Orthop.Res., 22, (1) 152-157.
Jomha, N.M., Lavoie, G., Muldrew, K., Schachar, N.S., & McGann, L.E. 2002. Cryopreservation of intact human articular cartilage. J.Orthop.Res., 20, (6) 1253-1255.
Kamibayashi, L., Wyss, U.P., Cooke, T.D., & Zee, B. 1995. Changes in mean trabecular orientation in the medial condyle of the proximal tibia in osteoarthritis. Calcif.Tissue Int., 57, (1) 69-73.
Kanisawa, I., Banks, A.Z., Banks, S.A., Moriya, H., & Tsuchiya, A. 2003. Weight-bearing knee kinematics in subjects with two types of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
Knee.Surg.Sports Traumatol.Arthrosc., 11, (1) 16-22.
Kapandji, I.A. 1988. The physiology of the joints : Lower limb, 5th New York.
Katsoulis, E., Court-Brown, & Giannoudis, P.V. 2006. Incidence and aetiology of anterior knee pain after intramedullary nailing of the femur and tibia. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 88, (5) 576-580.
Kaufman, K.R., Kovacevic, N., Irby, S.E., & Colwell, C.W. 1996. Instrumented implant for measuring tibiofemoral forces. J.Biomech., 29, (5) 667-671.
Kayanja, M.M., Ferrara, L.A., & Lieberman, I.H. 2004. Distribution of anterior cortical shear strain after a thoracic wedge compression fracture. Spine J., 4, (1) 76-87.
Kellett, C.F., Short, A., Price, A., Gill, H.S., & Murray, D.W. 2004. In vivo measurement of total knee replacement wear. Knee., 11, (3) 183-187.
Kerrigan, D.C., Deming, L.C., & Holden, M.K. 1996. Knee recurvatum in gait: a study of associated knee biomechanics. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil., 77, (7) 645-650.
Kettelkamp, D.B. & Chao, E.Y. 1972. A method for quantitative analysis of medial and lateral compression forces at the knee during standing. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res., 83, 202-213.
Kettelkamp, D.B. & Jacobs, A.W. 1972. Tibiofemoral contact area--determination and implications.
J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 54, (2) 349-356.
Khodadadyan-Klostermann, C., von, S.M., Taylor, W.R., Duda, G.N., & Haas, N.P. 2004.
Distribution of bone mineral density with age and gender in the proximal tibia.
Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 19, (4) 370-376.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Kiefer, G.N., Sundby, K., McAllister, D., Shrive, N.G., Frank, C.B., Lam, T., & Schachar, N.S. 1989.
The effect of cryopreservation on the biomechanical behavior of bovine articular cartilage.
J.Orthop.Res., 7, (4) 494-501.
Kingma, I., Looze, M.P., Toussaint, H.M., Klijnsma, H.G., & Bruijnen, T.B.M. 1996. Validation of a full body 3-D dynamic linked segment model. Human Movement Science, 15, 833-860.
Kleiger, B. 1968. The anteversion syndrome. Bull.Hosp.Joint Dis., 29, (1) 22-37.
Klein Horsman, M.D., Koopman, H.F., van der Helm, F.C., Prose, L.P., & Veeger, H.E. 2007.
Morphological muscle and joint parameters for musculoskeletal modelling of the lower extremity.
Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 22, (2) 239-247.
Kobyliansky, E., Weissman, S.L., & Nathan, H. 1979. Femoral and tibial torsion: a correlation study in dry bones. Int.Orthop., 3, (2) 145-147.
Krettek, C., Miclau, T., Blauth, M., Lindsey, R.W., Donow, C., & Tscherne, H. 1997. Recurrent rotational deformity of the femur after static locking of intramedullary nails: case reports. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 79, (1) 4-8.
Krishna, M., Evans, R., Sprigg, A., Taylor, J.F., & Theis, J.C. 1991. Tibial torsion measured by ultrasound in children with talipes equinovarus. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 73, (2) 207-210.
Kruidhof, J. & Pandy, M.G. 2006. Effect of muscle wrapping on model estimates of neck muscle strength. Comput.Methods Biomech.Biomed.Engin., 9, (6) 343-352.
Kurosawa, H., Walker, P.S., Abe, S., Garg, A., & Hunter, T. 1985. Geometry and motion of the knee for implant and orthotic design. J.Biomech., 18, (7) 487-499.
Kutzner, I., Heinlein, B., Graichen, F., Bender, A., Rohlmann, A., Halder, A., Beier d, A., Bergmann, G. 2010. Loading of thekneejoint during activities of dailyliving measured in vivo in five subjects.
J. Biomech, 43, 2164-73.
Laforest, P., Kempf, J.F., Follea, G., Karger, C., & Kempf, I. 1991. Comparison of mechanical qualities of cortical bone preserved by various freezing methods. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 77, (6) 389-395.
Lafortune, M.A., Cavanagh, P.R., Sommer, H.J., III, & Kalenak, A. 1992. Three-dimensional kinematics of the human knee during walking. J.Biomech., 25, (4) 347-357.
Lancianese, S.L., Kwok, E., Beck, C.A., & Lerner, A.L. 2008. Predicting regional variations in trabecular bone mechanical properties within the human proximal tibia using MR imaging. Bone, 43, (6) 1039-1046.
Landy, M.M. & Walker, P.S. 1988. Wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene components of 90 retrieved knee prostheses. J.Arthroplasty, 3 Suppl, S73-S85.
Laurent, M.P., Johnson, T.S., Yao, J.Q., Blanchard, C.R., & Crowninshield, R.D. 2003. In vitro lateral versus medial wear of a knee prosthesis. Wear, 255, 1101-1106.
Lavernia, C.J., Sierra, R.J., Hungerford, D.S., & Krackow, K. 2001. Activity level and wear in total knee arthroplasty: a study of autopsy retrieved specimens. J.Arthroplasty, 16, (4) 446-453.
Lavine, R. 2010. Iliotibial band friction syndrome. Curr.Rev.Musculoskelet.Med., 3, (1-4) 18-22.
Lawrence, R.C., Helmick, C.G., Arnett, F.C., Deyo, R.A., Felson, D.T., Giannini, E.H., Heyse, S.P., Hirsch, R., Hochberg, M.C., Hunder, G.G., Liang, M.H., Pillemer, S.R., Steen, V.D., & Wolfe, F.
1998. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the united states. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 41, (5) 778-799.
Le Damany P. 1903. Les torsions osseuses, leur rôle dans la transformation des membres.
J.Anat.Physiol., 39, 426-451.
Le Damany P. 1909. La torsion du tibia : normale, pathologique expérimentale. J.Anat.Physiol., 45, 598-615.
Leardini, A., Benedetti, M.G., Catani, F., Simoncini, L., & Giannini, S. 1999. An anatomically based protocol for the description of foot segment kinematics during gait. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 14, (8) 528-536.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lecuire, F., Lerat, J.L., Bousquet, G., Dejour, H., & Trillat, A. 1980. [The treatment of genu recurvatum (author's transl)]. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 66, (2) 95-103.
Leong, J.C., Alade, C.O., & Fang, D. 1982. Supracondylar femoral osteotomy for knee flexion contracture resulting from poliomyelitis. J.Bone.Joint.Surg.(Br), 64, (2) 198-201.
Lerat, J.L. 1982. Indications for the correction of torsion disorders of the lower limbs in the adult.
Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 68, (1) 66-70.
Lerat, J.L. 1982. Morphotypes of the lower limbs in adults. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 68, (1) 44-46.
Levigne, C. 1991. Intérêt de l'axe épiphysaire dans l'arthrose. Analyse d'un groupe témoin. Comptes rendus des 7èmes journées lyonnaises de chirurgie du genou, les gonarthroses 142-168.
Levine, H.B. & Bosco, J.A., III 2007. Sagittal and coronal biomechanics of the knee: a rationale for corrective measures. Bull.NYU.Hosp.Jt.Dis., 65, (1) 87-95.
Lewallen, D.G., Riegger, C.L., Myers, E.R., & Hayes, W.C. 1990. Effects of retinacular release and tibial tubercle elevation in patellofemoral degenerative joint disease. J.Orthop.Res., 8, (6) 856- 862.
Li, G., Rudy, T.W., Sakane, M., Kanamori, A., Ma, C.B., & Woo, S.L. 1999. The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in the ACL.
J.Biomech., 32, (4) 395-400.
Li, X.M., Liu, B., Deng, B., & Zhang, S.M. 1996. Normal six-degree-of-freedom motions of knee joint during level walking. J.Biomech.Eng, 118, (2) 258-261.
Little, E.G. & O'keefe, D. 1989. An experimental technique for the investigation of three-dimensional stress in bone cement underlying a tibial plateau. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H-Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 203, 35-41.
Little, E.G., Daly, G., Power, B., Dawson, M., & Kelly, P. 1987. The development of a model for the investigation of stresses in the cement layer underlying a tibial plateau. Strain, 23, (2) 19-25.
Liu, Z.J. & Herring, S.W. 2000. Bone surface strains and internal bony pressures at the jaw joint of the miniature pig during masticatory muscle contraction. Arch.Oral Biol., 45, (2) 95-112.
Lu, T.W. & O'Connor, J.J. 1996. Lines of action and moment arms of the major force-bearing structures crossing the human knee joint: comparison between theory and experiment. J.Anat., 189 ( Pt 3), 575-585.
Lu, T.W., Tsai, T.Y., Kuo, M.Y., Hsu, H.C., & Chen, H.L. 2008. In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the normal knee during active extension under unloaded and loaded conditions using single- plane fluoroscopy. Med.Eng.Phys., 30, (8) 1004-1012.
Lutz, G.E., Palmitier, R.A., An, K.N., & Chao, E.Y. 1993. Comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces during open-kinetic-chain and closed-kinetic-chain exercises. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 75, (5) 732- 739.
Magermans, D.J., Chadwick, E.K., Veeger, H.E., & van der Helm, F.C. 2005. Requirements for upper extremity motions during activities of daily living. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 20, (6) 591-599.
Mannion, A. & Troke, M. 1999. A comparison of two motion analysis devices used in the measurement of lumbar spinal mobility. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 14, (9) 612-619.
Maquet, P. 1972. Biomechanics of gonarthrosis. Acta Orthop.Belg., 38 Suppl 1, 33-54.
Maquet, P. 1980. The biomechanics of the knee and surgical possibilities of healing osteoarthritic knee joints. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (146) 102-110.
Maquet, P. 1984. Biomechanics of the knee: with application to the pathogenesis and the surgical treatment of osteoarthritis, 2nd ed New York.
Maquet, P., Van De Berg, A., & Simonet, J. 1976. The weight-bearing surfaces of the femoro-tibial joint. Acta Orthop.Belg., 42 Suppl 1, 139-143.
Maquet, P.G. & Pelzer, G.A. 1977. Evolution of the maximum stress in osteo-arthritis of the knee.
J.Biomech., 10, (2) 107-117.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Margolis, D.S., Lien, Y.H., Lai, L.W., & Szivek, J.A. 2004. Bilateral symmetry of biomechanical properties in mouse femora. Med.Eng Phys., 26, (4) 349-353.
Marmignon, C., Leimnei, A., Lavallee, S., & Cinquin, P. 2005. Automated hydraulic tensor for Total Knee Arthroplasty. Int.J.Med.Robot., 1, (4) 51-57.
Massare, C. 1977. Role of radiology in determination of torsion of the legs. Acta Orthop.Belg., 43, (4) 487-508.
Massin, P., Vandenbussche, E., Landjerit, B., & Augereau, B. 1996. Experimental study of periacetabular deformations before and after implantation of hip prostheses. J.Biomech., 29, (1) 53-61.
McClure, P.W., Michener, L.A., Sennett, B.J., & Karduna, A.R. 2001. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J.Shoulder.Elbow.Surg., 10, (3) 269-277.
McPherson, A., Karrholm, J., Pinskerova, V., Sosna, A., & Martelli, S. 2005. Imaging knee position using MRI, RSA/CT and 3D digitisation. J.Biomech., 38, (2) 263-268.
Mehta, S.N. & Mukherjee, A.K. 1991. Flexion osteotomy of the femur for genu recurvatum after poliomyelitis. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 73, (2) 200-202.
Mesfar, W. & Shirazi-Adl, A. 2005. Biomechanics of the knee joint in flexion under various quadriceps forces. Knee., 12, (6) 424-434.
Milgrom, C., Finestone, A., Hamel, A., Mandes, V., Burr, D., & Sharkey, N. 2004. A comparison of bone strain measurements at anatomically relevant sites using surface gauges versus strain gauged bone staples. J.Biomech., 37, (6) 947-952.
Milller, T. T., Pedowitz, R. A., Dalal, A., Robertson, C., & Serrano, R. 2008, "Knee. Radiologic perspective: magnetic resonance imaging of the knee," In Magnetic Resonance imaging in Orthopedic Sports Medecine, Springer, pp. 313-365.
Moreland, J.R., Bassett, L.W., & Hanker, G.J. 1987. Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 69, (5) 745-749.
Moroni, A., Pezzuto, V., Pompili, M., & Zinghi, G. 1992. Proximal osteotomy of the tibia for the treatment of genu recurvatum in adults. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 74, (4) 577-586.
Moulton, A. & Upadhyay, S.S. 1982. A direct method of measuring femoral anteversion using ultrasound. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 64, (4) 469-472.
Moussa, M. 1994. Rotational malalignment and femoral torsion in osteoarthritic knees with patellofemoral joint involvement. A CT scan study. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (304) 176-183.
Moutzouri, M., Billis, E., Strimpakos, N., Kottika, P., & Oldham, J.A. 2008. The effects of the Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) mobilisation in the lumbar flexion range of asymptomatic subjects as measured by the Zebris CMS20 3-D motion analysis system.
BMC.Musculoskelet.Disord., 9, 131.
Mow C. & Ratcliffe A. 1997, "Structure and function of articular cartilage and meniscus," In Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics, 2nd, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Van C.Mow & Wilson C.Hayes, eds., Philadelphia .
Murphy, S.B., Simon, S.R., Kijewski, P.K., Wilkinson, R.H., & Griscom, N.T. 1987. Femoral anteversion. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 69, (8) 1169-1176.
Murray, W.M. & Miller, W.R. 1992. The bonded Electrical Resistance Strain Gage, Oxford University Press Oxford University Press.
Nachemson, A. & Elfstrom, G. 1971. Intravital wireless telemetry of axial forces in Harrington distraction rods in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am, 53, (3) 445-465.
Nguyen, C., Bryant, J.T., Cooke T.D.V., & Chow, D. 1989. Alignment and geometry of the normal knee in stance. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 71-B, 346.
Noyes, F.R. & Grood, E.S. 1976. The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and Rhesus monkeys. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 58, (8) 1074-1082.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
O'Connor, D.O., Burke, D.W., Jasty, M., Sedlacek, R.C., & Harris, W.H. 1996. In vitro measurement of strain in the bone cement surrounding the femoral component of total hip replacements during simulated gait and stair-climbing. J.Orthop.Res., 14, (5) 769-777.
Ostrum, R.F., Agarwal, A., Lakatos, R., & Poka, A. 2000. Prospective comparison of retrograde and antegrade femoral intramedullary nailing. J.Orthop.Trauma, 14, (7) 496-501.
Oswald, M.H., Jakob, R.P., Schneider, E., & Hoogewoud, H.M. 1993. Radiological analysis of normal axial alignment of femur and tibia in view of total knee arthroplasty. J.Arthroplasty, 8, (4) 419-426.
Paley, D. 2002. Transphyseal osteotomy of the distal tibia for correction of valgus/varus deformities of the ankle. J.Pediatr.Orthop., 22, (1) 134-136.
Paley, D. 2005. Principles of deformity correction, 3rd, Springer-Verlag Berlin.
Pape, D. & Rupp, S. 2007. Preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomies. Operative technique in orthopaedics, 17, 1-11.
Park, S.E., Stamos, B.D., DeFrate, L.E., Gill, T.J., & Li, G. 2004. The effect of posterior knee capsulotomy on posterior tibial translation during posterior cruciate ligament tibial inlay reconstruction. Am.J.Sports Med., 32, (6) 1514-1519.
Patel, V.V., Hall, K., Ries, M., Lotz, J., Ozhinsky, E., Lindsey, C., Lu, Y., & Majumdar, S. 2004. A three-dimensional MRI analysis of knee kinematics. J.Orthop.Res., 22, (2) 283-292.
Pauwels, F. 1979. Biomécanique de l'appareil moteur : contribution à l'étude de l'anatomie fonctionnelle, 1st Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Pena, E., Calvo, B., Martinez, M.A., Palanca, D., & Doblare, M. 2005. Finite element analysis of the effect of meniscal tears and meniscectomies on human knee biomechanics.
Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 20, (5) 498-507.
Pendleton, A., Arden, N., Dougados, M., Doherty, M., Bannwarth, B., Bijlsma, J.W., Cluzeau, F., Cooper, C., Dieppe, P.A., Gunther, K.P., Hauselmann, H.J., Herrero-Beaumont, G., Kaklamanis, P.M., Leeb, B., Lequesne, M., Lohmander, S., Mazieres, B., Mola, E.M., Pavelka, K., Serni, U., Swoboda, B., Verbruggen, A.A., Weseloh, G., & Zimmermann-Gorska, I. 2000. EULAR recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT).
Ann.Rheum.Dis., 59, (12) 936-944.
Perie, D. & Hobatho, M.C. 1998. In vivo determination of contact areas and pressure of the femorotibial joint using non-linear finite element analysis. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 13, (6) 394-402.
Phan, C.M., Link, T.M., Blumenkrantz, G., Dunn, T.C., Ries, M.D., Steinbach, L.S., & Majumdar, S.
2006. MR imaging findings in the follow-up of patients with different stages of knee osteoarthritis and the correlation with clinical symptoms. Eur.Radiol., 16, (3) 608-618.
Piazza, S.J. & Cavanagh, P.R. 2000. Measurement of the screw-home motion of the knee is sensitive to errors in axis alignment. J.Biomech., 33, (8) 1029-1034.
Pinskerova, V., Johal, P., Nakagawa, S., Sosna, A., Williams, A., Gedroyc, W., & Freeman, M.A.
2004. Does the femur roll-back with flexion? J.Bone Joint Surg.(Br), 86, (6) 925-931.
Podsiadlo, P., Dahl, L., Englund, M., Lohmander, L.S., & Stachowiak, G.W. 2008. Differences in trabecular bone texture between knees with and without radiographic osteoarthritis detected by fractal methods. Osteoarthritis.Cartilage., 16, (3) 323-329.
Pollo, F.E., Otis, J.C., & Wickiewicz, T.L. 1995. Biomechanical analysis of valgus bracing for the osteoarthritic knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 38, S241.
Popowics, T.E. & Herring, S.W. 2007. Load transmission in the nasofrontal suture of the pig, Sus scrofa. J.Biomech., 40, (4) 837-844.
Pouliquen, J.C., Lacert, P., Durand, Y., Verneret, C., Picard, A., & Parmain, C. 1988. Spastic knee flexion deformity: Results of surgical treatment. Rev.Chir.Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 74, (5) 430-437.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Praest, B.M., Greiling, H., & Kock, R. 1997. Assay of synovial fluid parameters: hyaluronan concentration as a potential marker for joint diseases. Clin.Chim.Acta, 266, (2) 117-128.
Prombonas, A. & Vlissidis, D. 2002. Effects of the position of artificial teeth and load levels on stress in the complete maxillary denture. J.Prosthet.Dent., 88, (4) 415-422.
Quinn, T.P. & Mote, C.D., Jr. 1990. A six-degree-of-freedom acoustic transducer for rotation and translation measurements across the knee. J.Biomech.Eng., 112, (4) 371-378.
Ramadier, J.O., Buard, J.E., Lortat-Jacob, A., & Benoit, J. 1982. Radiological assessment of knee deformity in the frontal plane. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 68, (1) 75-78.
Ravary, B., Pourcelot, P., Bortolussi, C., Konieczka, S., & Crevier-Denoix, N. 2004. Strain and force transducers used in human and veterinary tendon and ligament biomechanical studies.
Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 19, (5) 433-447.
Riegger-Krugh, C., Gerhart, T.N., Powers, W.R., & Hayes, W.C. 1998. Tibiofemoral contact pressures in degenerative joint disease. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (348) 233-245.
Roaas, A. & Andersson, G.B. 1982. Normal range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle joints in male subjects, 30-40 years of age. Acta Orthop.Scand., 53, (2) 205-208.
Rodner, C.M., Adams, D.J., Diaz-Doran, V., Tate, J.P., Santangelo, S.A., Mazzocca, A.D., Arciero, R.A. 2006. Medial opening wedge tibial osteotomy and the sagittal plane: the effect of increasing tibial slope on tibiofemoral contact pressure. Am.J.Sports Med., 34, (9) 1431-41.
Rokkanen, P., Slatis, P., & Vanka, E. 1969. Closed or open intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures? A comparison with conservatively treated cases. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br, 51, (2) 313-323.
Roques, A., Browne, M., Taylor, A., New, A., & Baker, D. 2004. Quantitative measurement of the stresses induced during polymerisation of bone cement. Biomaterials, 25, (18) 4415-4424.
Rosen.H & Sandick.H 1955. The measurement of tibiofibular torsion. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 37-A, (4) 847-855.
Rostoker, W. & Galante, J.O. 1979. Contact pressure dependence of wear rates of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. J.Biomed.Mater.Res., 13, (6) 957-964.
Ruwe, P.A., Gage, J.R., Ozonoff, M.B., & DeLuca, P.A. 1992. Clinical determination of femoral anteversion. A comparison with established techniques. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 74, (6) 820-830.
Rydell, N.W. 1966. Forces acting on the femoral head-prosthesis. A study on strain gauge supplied prostheses in living persons. Acta Orthop.Scand., 37, Suppl-132.
Ryu, J.Y., Cooney, W.P., III, Askew, L.J., An, K.N., & Chao, E.Y. 1991. Functional ranges of motion of the wrist joint. J.Hand Surg.(Am), 16, (3) 409-419.
Safari, M., Bjelle, A., Gudmundsson, M., Hogfors, C., & Granhed, H. 1990. Clinical assessment of rheumatic diseases using viscoelastic parameters for synovial fluid. Biorheology, 27, (5) 659-674.
Said, G.Z. & Hafez, A. 1975. Genu varum and external genicular torsion deformities and their relationship to gonarthrosis in Egypt. J.Egypt.Med.Assoc., 58, (1-2) 36-44.
Said, G.Z., Hammam, H.M., & Ibrahim, A.H. 1973. Genu varum in Egypt. Problems and relation to gonarthrosis. Rev.Chir.Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 59, (2) 203-210.
Salenius, P. & Vankka, E. 1975. The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 57, (2) 259-261.
Salvia, P. 2004. Développement et application de l'électrogoniométrie tridimensionnelle à l'étude expérimentale et clinique de la cinématique articulaire. Thèse de doctorat - Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Salvia, P., Schuind, F.A., Feipel, V., & Rooze, M. 2003. Electrogoniometric and radiologic evaluation of scapho-trapezo-trapezoid arthrodesis. Hand Clin., 19, (3) 411-9, viii
Salvia, P., Woestyn, L., David, J.H., Feipel, V., Van, S., Jan, S., Klein, P., & Rooze, M. 2000. Analysis of helical axes, pivot and envelope in active wrist circumduction. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 15, (2) 103-111.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sanders, R., Koval, K.J., DiPasquale, T., Helfet, D.L., & Frankle, M. 1993. Retrograde reamed femoral nailing. J.Orthop.Trauma, 7, (4) 293-302.
Scarvell, J.M., Smith, P.N., Refshauge, K.M., Galloway, H.R., & Woods, K.R. 2004. Comparison of kinematic analysis by mapping tibiofemoral contact with movement of the femoral condylar centres in healthy and anterior cruciate ligament injured knees. J.Orthop.Res., 22, (5) 955-962.
Schneider, B., Laubenberger, J., Jemlich, S., Groene, K., Weber, H.M., & Langer, M. 1997.
Measurement of femoral antetorsion and tibial torsion by magnetic resonance imaging.
Br.J.Radiol., 70, (834) 575-579.
Scholl, B.M. & Jaffe, K.A. 2002. Oncologic uses of the retrograde femoral nail. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (394) 219-226.
Schuind, F. 1991. Transmission des forces au niveau du poignet. Application d'une technique analytique de calcul des pressions articulaires de contact. Thèse de doctorat - Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Seebacher, J.R., Inglis, A.E., Marshall, J.L., & Warren, R.F. 1982. The structure of the posterolateral aspect of the knee. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 64, (4) 536-541.
Selvik, G., Alberius, P., & Aronson, A.S. 1983. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric system.
Construction, calibration and technical accuracy. Acta Radiol.Diagn.(Stockh), 24, (4) 343-352.
Serdengecti, S., Hendrickson, J.A., & Skjelbreia, L. 1962. Strain-gage Technique for Measuring internel strains in artificial solids. Experimental Mechanics, 2, (5) 129-136.
Sharma, L., Song, J., Felson, D.T., Cahue, S., Shamiyeh, E., & Dunlop, D.D. 2001. The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in knee osteoarthritis. JAMA, 286, (2) 188-195.
Shippen, J.M. & May, B. 2010. Calculation of muscle loading and joint contact forces during the rock step in Irish dance. J.Dance.Med.Sci., 14, (1) 11-18.
Sholukha, V., Leardini, A., Salvia, P., Rooze, M., & Van Sint, J.S. 2006. Double-step registration of in vivo stereophotogrammetry with both in vitro 6-DOFs electrogoniometry and CT medical imaging. J.Biomech., 39, (11) 2087-2095.
Sholukha, V., Salvia, P., Hilal, I., Feipel, V., Rooze, M., & Jan, S.V. 2004. Calibration and validation of 6 DOFs instrumented spatial linkage for biomechanical applications. A practical approach.
Med.Eng Phys., 26, (3) 251-260.
Short, A., Gill, H.S., Marks, B., Waite, J.C., Kellett, C.F., Price, A.J., O'Connor, J.J., & Murray, D.W.
2005. A novel method for in vivo knee prosthesis wear measurement. J.Biomech., 38, (2) 315- 322.
Sisto, D.J., Lachiewicz, P.F., & Insall, J.N. 1985. Treatment of supracondylar fractures following prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (196) 265-272.
Siu, D., Cooke, T.D., Broekhoven, L.D., Lam, M., Fisher, B., Saunders, G., & Challis, T.W. 1991. A standardized technique for lower limb radiography. Practice, applications, and error analysis.
Invest Radiol., 26, (1) 71-77.
Snijders, C.J., Hermans, P.F., Niesing, R., Jan, K.G., & Pool-Goudzwaard, A. 2008. Effects of slouching and muscle contraction on the strain of the iliolumbar ligament. Man.Ther., 13, (4) 325-333.
Sobczak, S., Rotsaert, P., Vancabeke, M., Van Sint, J.S., Salvia, P., & Feipel, V. 2011. Effects of proximal row carpectomy on wrist biomechanics: A cadaveric study. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 26, (7) 718-724.
Spoor, C.W. & Van Leeuwen, J.L. 1992. Knee muscle moment arms from MRI and from tendon travel. J.Biomech., 25, (2) 201-206.
Staheli, L.T. & Engel, G.M. 1972. Tibial torsion, a new method of assessment and a survey of normal children. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res., 86, 183-186.
Staheli, L.T. 1980. Medial femoral torsion. Orthop.Clin.North Am., 11, (1) 39-50.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Staheli, L.T. 1989. Torsion : treatment indications. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (247) 61-66.
Staheli, L.T. 1996. Normative data in pediatric orthopedics. J.Pediatr.Orthop., 16, (5) 561-562.
Staheli, L.T., Corbett, M., Wyss, C., & King, H. 1985. Lower-extremity rotational problems in children. Normal values to guide management. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 67, (1) 39-47.
Strecker, W. 2008. Analyse et planification des déformations adjacentes au genou. Maitrise Orthopédique, 172.
Strecker, W., Keppler, P., & Kinzl, L. 1998. Analysis of leg geometry. Langenbecks Arch.Chir Suppl Kongressbd., 115, 581-586.
Strecker, W., Keppler, P., Gebhard, F., & Kinzl, L. 1997. Length and torsion of the lower limb. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 79, (6) 1019-1023.
STREET, D.M. 1951. One hundred fractures of the femur treated by means of the diamond-shaped medullary nail. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 33, (3) 659-678.
Strimpakos, N., Sakellari, V., Gioftsos, G., Kapreli, E., & Oldham, J. 2006. Cervical joint position sense: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study. Gait.Posture., 23, (1) 22-31.
Taddei, F., Cristofolini, L., Martelli, S., Gill, H.S., & Viceconti, M. 2006. Subject-specific finite element models of long bones: An in vitro evaluation of the overall accuracy. J.Biomech., 39, (13) 2457-2467.
Takai, S., Sakakida, K., Yamashita, F., Suzu, F., & Izuta, F. 1985. Rotational alignment of the lower limb in osteoarthritis of the knee. Int.Orthop., 9, (3) 209-215.
Taussig, G. 1982. Tibial torsion. Rev.Chir Orthop.Reparatrice Appar.Mot., 68, (1) 20-23.
Thomine, J.M., Boudjemaa, A., Gibon, Y., & Biga, N. 1981. Les écarts varisants dans la gonarthrose.
Rev.Chir.Orthop.Reparatrice.Appar.Mot., 67, 319-327.
Tornetta, P., III & Tiburzi, D. 2000. Antegrade or retrograde reamed femoral nailing. A prospective, randomised trial. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br., 82, (5) 652-654.
Turner, M.S. & Smillie, I.S. 1981. The effect of tibial torsion of the pathology of the knee. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br, 63-B, (3) 396-398.
Turner, M.S. 1994. The association between tibial torsion and knee joint pathology.
Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (302) 47-51.
Utzschneider, S., Paulus, A., Datz, J.C., Schroeder, C., Sievers, B., Wegener, B., & Jansson, V. 2009.
Influence of design and bearing material on polyethylene wear particle generation in total knee replacement. Acta Biomater., 5, (7) 2495-2502.
Vacher, J. 2005. Mise au point d'un protocole expérimental et développement d'une cartographie des contraintes fémoro-tibiales après ostéotomie fémorale basse. Mémoire de fin d'étude, Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Van Heerwaarden, R. J., Koning, P., & Van Der Haven, I. B. 2008, "Rotational osteotomies of the femur and the tibia," In Osteotomies around the knee : indications-planning-surgical techniques using plate fixators, Gearg Thieme Verlag ed. P. Lobenhoffer, ed., New York: pp. 185-207.
Van Sint Jan, S. 1997. Contribution a l'élaboration d'un système de reconstruction tridimensionnelle, d'interpolation cinématique et de simulation de mouvements articulaires à partir de l'imagerie médicale. Thèse de doctorat - Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Van Sint Jan, S., Hilal, I., Salvia, P., Sholukha, V., Poulet, P., Kirokoya, I., & Rooze, M. 2003. Data representation for joint kinematics simulation of the lower limb within an educational context.
Med.Eng Phys., 25, (3) 213-220.
Van Sint Jan, S., Salvia, P., Hilal, I., Sholukha, V., Rooze, M., & Clapworthy, G. 2002. Registration of 6-DOFs electrogoniometry and CT medical imaging for 3D joint modeling. J.Biomech., 35, (11) 1475-1484.
Vanderoost, J., Jaecques, S.V., Van der Perre, G., Boonen, S., D'hooge, J., Lauriks, W., & van Lenthe, G.H. 2011. Fast and accurate specimen-specific simulation of trabecular bone elastic modulus using novel beam-shell finite element models. J.Biomech., 44, (8) 1566-1572.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Viidik, A. & Lewin, T. 1966. Changes in tensile strength characteristics and histology of rabbit ligaments induced by different modes of postmortal storage. Acta Orthop.Scand., 37, (2) 141-155.
Walker, P.S. & Erkman, M.J. 1975. The role of the menisci in force transmission across the knee.
Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (109) 184-192.
Walker, P.S. & Hajek, J.V. 1972. The load-bearing area in the knee joint. J.Biomech., 5, (6) 581-589.
Wasielewski, R.C., Galante, J.O., Leighty, R.M., Natarajan, R.N., & Rosenberg, A.G. 1994. Wear patterns on retrieved polyethylene tibial inserts and their relationship to technical considerations during total knee arthroplasty. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (299) 31-43.
Waugh, T.R. 1966. Intravital measurements during instrumental correction of idiopathic scoliosis.
Acta Orthop.Scand. Suppl-87.
Weiner, D.S., Cook, A.J., Hoyt, W.A., Jr., & Oravec, C.E. 1978. Computed tomography in the measurement of femoral anteversion. Orthopedics, 1, (4) 299-306.
Wendt, P.P. & Johnson, R.P. 1985. A study of quadriceps excursion, torque, and the effect of patellectomy on cadaver knees. J.Bone Joint Surg.Am., 67, (5) 726-732.
Wirhed, R. 2006. Athletic ability and the anatomy of motion, Third ed. ed. Mosby, Elsevier.
Wolski, M., Podsiadlo, P., Stachowiak, G.W., Lohmander, L.S., & Englund, M. 2010. Differences in trabecular bone texture between knees with and without radiographic osteoarthritis detected by directional fractal signature method. Osteoarthritis.Cartilage., 18, (5) 684-690.
Wong, T.C. & Rikhraj, I.S. 2004. Femoral shaft fracture in a hip arthrodesis: two cases of retrograde interlocking nailing. Singapore Med.J., 45, (2) 85-87.
Woo, S.L., Orlando, C.A., Camp, J.F., & Akeson, W.H. 1986. Effects of postmortem storage by freezing on ligament tensile behavior. J.Biomech., 19, (5) 399-404.
Wrann, C. D., Hurschler, C., Lobenhoffer, P., & Agneskirchner, J. D. 2008, "Effect of osteotomies on cartlage pressure in the knee," In Osteotomies around the knee : indications-planning-surgical techniques using plate fixators, Thieme, ed. P. Lobenhoffer, ed., New York: pp. 105-116.
Wretenberg, P., Nemeth, G., Lamontagne, M., & Lundin, B. 1996. Passive knee muscle moment arms measured in vivo with MRI. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 11, (8) 439-446.
Wretenberg, P., Ramsey, D.K., & Nemeth, G. 2002. Tibiofemoral contact points relative to flexion angle measured with MRI. Clin.Biomech.(Bristol., Avon.), 17, (6) 477-485.
Wright, T.M. & Bartel, D.L. 1986. The problem of surface damage in polyethylene total knee components. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (205) 67-74.
Yagi, T. & Sasaki, T. 1986. Tibial torsion in patients with medial-type osteoarthritic knee.
Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. (213) 177-182.
Yagi, T. 1994. Tibial torsion in patients with medial-type osteoarthrotic knees. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res.
(302) 52-56.
Yoo, J.H., Choi, I.H., Cho, T.J., Chung, C.Y., & Yoo, W.J. 2008. Development of tibiofemoral angle in Korean children. J.Korean.Med.Sci., 23, (4) 714-717
Yoshioka, Y., Siu, D., & Cooke, T.D. 1987. The anatomy and functional axes of the femur. J.Bone Joint Surg.(Am), 69, (6) 873-880.
Yoshioka, Y., Siu, D.W., Scudamore, R.A., & Cooke, T.D. 1989. Tibial anatomy and functional axes.
J.Orthop.Res., 7, (1) 132-137.
You, B.M., Siy, P., Anderst, W., & Tashman, S. 2001. In vivo measurement of 3-D skeletal kinematics from sequences of biplane radiographs: application to knee kinematics. IEEE Trans.Med.Imaging, 20, (6) 514-525.
Zadpoor, A. A., Campoli, G., & Weinans, H. 2011, Neural network load identification using the morphology of trabecular bone, In XXIIIrd International Society of Biomechanics, Brussels, Belgium..
Zdero, R., Fenton, P.V., Rudan, J., & Bryant, J.T. 2001. Fuji film and ultrasound measurement of total knee arthroplasty contact areas. J.Arthroplasty, 16, (3) 367-375.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Zhang, Y., Xu, L., Nevitt, M.C., Aliabadi, P., Yu, W., Qin, M., Lui L.-Y., & Felson D.T. 2001.
Comparison of the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis between the elderly chinese population in beijing and whites in the united states. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44, (9) 2065-2071.
Zimmerman, M.H., Smith, C.F., & Oppenheim, W.L. 1982. Supracondylar femoral extension osteotomies in the treatment of fixed flexion deformity of the knee. Clin.Orthop.Relat.Res. (171) 87-93.
Zouari, O., Gargouri, A., Jenzri, M., Hadinane, R., & Slimane, N. 2001. Supracondylar femoral extension osteotomy for knee flexion contracture correction in poliomyelitic conditions.
Rev.Chir.Orthop.Reparatrice.Appar.Mot., 87, (4) 361-366.