HAL Id: hal-02085126
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02085126
Submitted on 11 Apr 2019
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The Practice and Dilemmas of Life History Seminars:
Working at the Edge to Foster Individual and Collective Transformations
Michel Alhadeff-Jones, Hervé Breton, Linden West
To cite this version:
Michel Alhadeff-Jones, Hervé Breton, Linden West. The Practice and Dilemmas of Life History Semi- nars: Working at the Edge to Foster Individual and Collective Transformations. International Trans- formative Learning Conference 2018 - Transformation in action: The power of community, Teachers College at Columbia university, Nov 2018, New York, United States. �hal-02085126�
The Practice and Dilemmas of Life History Seminars: Working at the Edge to Foster Individual and Collective Transformations
0LFKHO$OKDGHII-RQHV
7HDFKHUV&ROOHJH&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\86$
6XQNKURQRV,QVWLWXWH6ZLW]HUODQG +HUYp%UHWRQ
8QLYHUVLWpGH7RXUV)UDQFH /LQGHQ:HVW
&DQWHUEXU\&KULVW&KXUFK8QLYHUVLW\8.
Abstract:7KLVV\PSRVLXPDUWLFXODWHVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRIWKUHHVHDVRQHG SUDFWLWLRQHUVXVLQJOLIHKLVWRU\DQGDXWRELRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKHVDVDPHWKRGWR UHIOHFWRQVLJQLILFDQWOLIHH[SHULHQFHVLQFOXGLQJSRWHQWLDOO\WUDQVIRUPDWLRQDO RQHVDQGHYHQWXDOO\WULJJHUVKLIWVLQPHDQLQJSHUVSHFWLYHVDPRQJOHDUQHUVLQWKH FRQWH[WRIDGXOWDQGKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ:HDVVXPHWKHSRWHQWLDOYDOXHLQKHUHQWLQ WKHH[SHULHQFHRIGLOHPPDVDVDFDWDO\VWIRUOHDUQLQJJURZWKDQGGHYHORSPHQW
&RQVLGHULQJWKHSRWHQWLDOOLPLWDWLRQVLQKHUHQWLQWKHXVHRIWKLVPHWKRGWKHDLPRI WKLVV\PSRVLXPLVWRGLVFXVVWKHFRQGLWLRQVLQZKLFKWKHUHLVUHDOHGXFDWLRQDO YDOXHLQFRQWUDVWWRWKRVHWKDWFDQSUHYHQWPHDQLQJIXOOHDUQLQJIURPRFFXUULQJ 7KHUHIOHFWLRQLVFRQGXFWHGIURPWKHOHDUQHU¶VSHUVSHFWLYHDQGIURPWKH
SUDFWLWLRQHU¶VSRLQWRIYLHZWRR7KHTXHVWLRQVFRQVLGHUHGLQFOXGHWKRVHUHJDUGLQJ WKHFKRLFHVDQGWHQVLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKHSURFHVVRIJHQHUDWLQJPDWHULDOIRUDQG ZULWLQJDQDXWRELRJUDSKLFDOQDUUDWLYHGLOHPPDVLQYROYHGLQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQGWKHIDFLOLWDWLRQRIOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUVWKHUHFHSWLRQRISDUWLFLSDQWV¶WDOHVWKH QHFHVVLW\WRFKRRVHEHWZHHQFRPSHWLQJLQWHUSUHWLYHIUDPHZRUNVWKHRSWLRQV DYDLODEOHWRIDFLOLWDWHLQFOXVLYHGLDORJXHEHWZHHQOHDUQHUVZLWKKHWHURJHQHRXV EDFNJURXQGVDQGWKHWHQVLRQVLQKHUHQWLQWKHGLIIHUHQWWHPSRUDOLWLHVRIIRUPDO RUJDQL]DWLRQDQGH[SHULHQFLQJWKHSURFHVV
KeyWords([SHULHQFH'LOHPPD/LIH+LVWRU\$XWRELRJUDSK\1DUUDWLYH Introduction
7KLVV\PSRVLXPDUWLFXODWHVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRIWKUHHVHDVRQHGSUDFWLWLRQHUVXVLQJOLIH KLVWRU\DQGDXWRELRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKHVDVDPHWKRGWRUHIOHFWRQVLJQLILFDQWOLIHH[SHULHQFHV LQFOXGLQJWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDORQHVZKLFKFDQWULJJHUVKLIWVLQPHDQLQJSHUVSHFWLYHV0H]LURZ DPRQJOHDUQHUVLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDGXOWDQGKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQHJ'RPLQLFp:HVW
$OKHLW$QGHUVHQ 0HUULOO$VVXPLQJWKHSRWHQWLDOYDOXHLQKHUHQWLQWKHH[SHULHQFHRI GLOHPPDVDVDFDWDO\VWIRUOHDUQLQJJURZWKDQGGHYHORSPHQW0H]LURZWKHDLPRIWKLV V\PSRVLXPLVWRGLVFXVVWKHFRQGLWLRQVLQZKLFKWKHUHLVUHDOHGXFDWLRQDOYDOXHDQGWKRVHWKDW HYHQWXDOO\SUHYHQWRULQKLELWPHDQLQJIXOOHDUQLQJIURPRFFXUULQJ
Canterbury Tales (Linden West)
$XWRELRJUDSKLFDOQDUUDWLYHZRUNVKRSVKDYHEHHQKHOGLQ&DQWHUEXU\RYHUVHYHUDO\HDUV 7KHLQVSLUDWLRQFDPHIURPWKHZRUNRIWKH(65($/LIH+LVWRU\DQG%LRJUDSK\5HVHDUFK 1HWZRUNDQGHQFRPSDVVHGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZIRUPVRIUHVHDUFKDVZHOODVVSHFLILFWDXJKW PRGXOHVDW&DQWHUEXU\&KULVW&KXUFK8QLYHUVLW\&&&87KHVHLQFOXGHGD0DVWHUV¶
3URJUDPPHVLQ&DUHHU*XLGDQFHDQG/LIHORQJ/HDUQLQJDQGDVSHFLILF'RFWRURI(GXFDWLRQ PRGXOH3LHUUH'RPLQLFp¶VZRUNLQ*HQHYDRQHGXFDWLRQDOELRJUDSKLHVZDVLQVSLUDWLRQDO +HUHZDVDQLWHUDWLYHSURFHVVRIJHQHUDWLQJRUDODFFRXQWVRIVLJQLILFDQWOLIHH[SHULHQFHDPRQJ JURXSVRISURIHVVLRQDOVRQWRZRUNLQJLQWHQVLYHO\LQJURXSVWKHQWRPDNLQJIRUPDO
SUHVHQWDWLRQVDQGUHILQHGZULWWHQDFFRXQWFRPELQLQJVHOIUHIOH[LYLW\DQGWKHRU\7KHZRUNVKRSV DW&&&8ZHUHXVHGWRLQWURGXFHZRXOGEHUHVHDUFKHUVWRWKHVHPHWKRGVDQGDXWRELRJUDSKLFDO QDUUDWLYHUHVHDUFKHQFRPSDVVHGVWXGLHVRIIDPLO\OHDUQLQJSURMHFWVFDUHHUJXLGDQFHWHDFKHU QXUVLQJDQGRWKHUIRUPVRISURIHVVLRQDOHGXFDWLRQZKLOHVWXGHQWVWKHPVHOYHVFRPSOHWHG GRFWRUDWHVRQWRSLFVVXFKDV³*HQGHUHGOHDUQLQJLQIDPLOLHV´³8VLQJELRJUDSK\ZLWKWUDLQHH QXUVHV´³/LIHVWRULHVDQGWHDFKLQJOLWHUDF\´DVZHOODV³:LVGRPLQDGXOWOHDUQLQJDQGWHDFKLQJ´
:HVWHWDO:HVW0HUULOO :HVW5HLG :HVW +RZDWVRQ-RQHV)UDVHU,XVHGWKHPHWKRGVLQUHVHDUFKLQJWKHOLYHVRIIDPLO\
GRFWRUVRSHUDWLQJLQGLIILFXOWLQQHUFLW\ORFDWLRQV:HVW5HFHQWO\WKHUHZDVDZHHNORQJ LQWHQVLYHZRUNVKRSIRUWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUVIURP*HRUJLDDQG,VUDHOZKRFDPHWR&DQWHUEXU\
XQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRIWKH(8IXQGHG&85(SURMHFW7KLVIRFXVHVRQWKHFXOWLYDWLQJGHPRFUDWLF YDOXHVDQGDFWLYHFLWL]HQVKLSXVLQJDXWRELRJUDSK\DPRQJWHDFKHUVLQVFKRROVFROOHJHVDQG XQLYHUVLWLHV
Differences in Design: An Eclectic Framing
7KHUHZHUHGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHGHVLJQRIWKH&DQWHUEXU\SURJUDPPHWKHGLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQµHGXFDWLRQDOELRJUDSK\¶DQGVRFLRORJLFDORUHYHQSV\FKRDQDO\WLFHQTXLU\ZDVORRVHU DOWKRXJKWKHUHZDVQHYHUDQ\FODLPWRGRLQJµDQDO\VLV¶RUµWKHUDS\¶7KHLQWHQWLRQZDVWREXLOG DQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\WKHRUHWLFDOUHSHUWRLUHGUDZLQJRQSV\FKRDQDO\VLVHVSHFLDOO\REMHFWUHODWLRQV WKHRU\DQGLGHDVRIµELRJUDSKLFLW\¶DVGHYHORSHGE\$OKHLWDQG'DXVLHQ&DUHHUVWKHRU\
ZDVGUDZQRQHVSHFLDOO\WKHLQWHUSOD\RIVWUXFWXUHDQGDJHQF\LQOLYHVDQGGHFLVLRQPDNLQJODWHU LQWKHSURJUDPPHSHUVSHFWLYHVIURPFULWLFDOWKHRU\ZHUHLQWURGXFHGHVSHFLDOO\WKHZRUNRI$[HO +RQQHWKRQVHOIRWKHUUHFRJQLWLRQ:HVW+RQQHWK7KLVZDVSDUWO\DQ
RXWFRPHRIWKH(85$1/+(LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFKRQQRQWUDGLWLRQDOOHDUQHUVLQ XQLYHUVLWLHVZKLFKZDVDQH[SHULPHQWLQLQWHJUDWLQJYDULRXVWKHRUHWLFDOSV\FKRVRFLDO µVHQVLWL]LQJ¶IUDPHVLQVWXG\LQJOHDUQLQJOLYHV)LQQHJDQ0HUULOO 7KXQERUJ
7KHUHZHUHGLOHPPDVLQWKHZRUNVKRSVIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJIRUERWKVWXGHQWVDQG SUDFWLWLRQHUV7KHUHZDVDGLOHPPD±SDUWRIDZLGHUVRPHWLPHVDFULPRQLRXVGHEDWHDERXWWKH UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQµHGXFDWLRQ¶DQGµWKHUDS\¶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µVXEMHFWLYLW\¶WRWKHQHJOHFWRIPRUHSURSRVLWLRQDORUDEVWUDFW IRUPVRINQRZOHGJH7KHUHZHUHFRQVWDQWGLOHPPDVDURXQGERXQGDU\LVVXHVDQGDYRLGLQJ
RSHQLQJ3DQGRUD¶V%R[HV%RXQGDULHVPDWWHUHGDQGLQGLYLGXDOSURMHFWVKDGWREHPDQDJHDEOH HPRWLRQDOO\DQGDFDGHPLFDOO\
An Interdisciplinary Framing
7KHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\IUDPLQJRIWKHSURJUDPPHZDVDVWUHQJWKDQGZHDNQHVVDV H[SHULHQFHGE\VWXGHQWV7KH\ZHUHJLYHQVSDFHWRFRQVLGHUGLIIHUHQWWKHRULHVZKLOHWKHOLQH EHWZHHQSHUVRQDODQGSURIHVVLRQDOLVVXHVDQGREMHFWLYHVFRXOGJHWPXGGOHG+XQW :HVW :DVWKHSURJUDPPHDERXWLPSURYLQJSUDFWLFHDQGRUFRXOGLWEHPRUHSHUVRQDOIRFXVHG RQORQJVWDQGLQJLVVXHVRIFRQFHUQDURXQGJHQGHUFODVVVH[XDOLW\RUHPRWLRQDOLW\DQG
UHODWLRQVKLSVLQOLYHV"7KHJHQGHUHGQDWXUHRIVFKRROLQJDQGXQLYHUVLW\FXUULFXODZDVDFRQVWDQW VRXUFHRIGHEDWH3V\FKRDQDO\VLVZDVQHZWRPDQ\VWXGHQWVDQGWKHUHZHUHPDQ\IDQWDVLHV DERXWZKDWLWLQYROYHGLQFOXGLQJWXWRUVPDNLQJSV\FKRDQDO\WLFµMXGJHPHQWV¶RQWKHPDOWKRXJK KXPDQLVWLFSV\FKRORJ\DWOHDVWKDVDSODFHLQFDUHHUVJXLGDQFHDQGFRXQVHOOLQJ+RZHYHU FRXQVHOOLQJRUJXLGDQFHSUDFWLFHZDVEHFRPLQJPRUHLQVWUXPHQWDOLVHGDVQHROLEHUDODJHQGDV LQYDGHGJXLGDQFHZRUNSODFHV*HWWLQJSHRSOHLQWRMREV±DQ\MREV±ZDVWKHSUHVVXUHZKLOHWKH PRGXOHVFRXOGDZDNHQWKRXJKWVDERXWWKHDEVXUGLW\DQGHWKLFVRIWKHVHFKDQJHV5HLG :HVW 2QHZD\RIPDQDJLQJFRQWUDGLFWLRQVIRUVRPHZDVWRFXWWKHPVHOYHVRII
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µSV\FKRVRFLDO¶WKHRULHVDOVRFRQVWLWXWHGQHZWHUULWRU\QHHGLQJWLPHWRGLJHVWDVOLYHVZHUH FRQVLGHUHGLQQHZZD\V%XWVWXGHQWVFRXOGWKULYHLQWKHIUHHGRPDQGLQWHJUDWLRQRIIHUHGE\WKH VHPLQDUV,GHDVFRXOGFRPHDOLYHWKURXJKDQLQWHJUDWLRQZLWKOLYHGH[SHULHQFH$QROGVWLIOLQJ ELQDU\EHWZHHQWKHSHUVRQDODQGWKHDFDGHPLFZDVXQGHUFKDOOHQJH
Writing in a Personal Mode, Defences in Border Country
:ULWLQJLQDSHUVRQDOPRGHDQGUHODWLQJWKLVPHWKRGRORJLFDODVZHOODVWKHRUHWLFDOLVVXHV ZDVDGLOHPPDSHRSOHFRXOGJHWVWXFNLQWKHSHUVRQDORUEHFRPHRYHUO\WKHRUHWLFDO
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
CURE, Al Nakbar, and Margaret Thatcher
9HU\UHFHQWO\DFROOHDJXHDQG,UDQDZHHNORQJLQWHQVLYHVHPLQDURQDXWRELRJUDSKLFDO QDUUDWLYHPHWKRGVLQWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQIRUJURXSVRIWHDFKHUVIURP*HRUJLDDQG,VUDHO7KH SURMHFWLVILQDQFHGE\WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQWKURXJKD6SHFLDO0RELOLW\6WUDQG7KHPHWKRGRORJ\
µZH¶'U$ODQ%DLQEULGJHDQG,XVHGZDVHVVHQWLDOO\VLPLODUWRWKHDERYH%DLQEULGJH :HVW
%DLQEULGJH$IWHUDWKHRUHWLFDODQGPHWKRGRORJLFDOLQWURGXFWLRQZHUROHSOD\HGD QDUUDWLYHLQWHUYLHZH[SORUHGDXWRELRJUDSKLFDOZULWLQJDQGIDFLOLWDWHGWKHOHDUQHUV¶ZRUNLQILYH
VPDOOJURXSVRIIRXUSHRSOHIURPYDULRXVEDFNJURXQGV7KHVHLQFOXGHG$UDE,VUDHOLVZKRPLJKW LQVLVWWKH\ZHUH3DOHVWLQLDQVDVZHOODV-HZV7KH*HRUJLDQJURXSZDVPRUHKRPRJHQRXVRUDW OHDVWLWDSSHDUHGVR7KHVWXGHQWVLQWHUYLHZHGHDFKRWKHUDQGH[SHULPHQWHGZLWKEHLQJ
LQWHUYLHZHUVDQGREVHUYHUV7KHDLPZDVWRHQFRXUDJHUHVSHFWIXOOLVWHQLQJDQGWKHQWXUQWKH PDWHULDOLQWRDZULWWHQDXWRELRJUDSKLFDOSLHFHRQFLWL]HQVKLSDQGGHPRFUDWLFYDOXHVLQWKHLURZQ OLYHV7KH\FRQWLQXHGWRZRUNRQZULWWHQDFFRXQWVLQVPDOOJURXSVHYHU\RQHSUHVHQWHG
DXWRELRJUDSKLFDOSLHFHVHLWKHULQGLYLGXDOO\RUDVDJURXS
7KHUHZHUHPDQ\GLOHPPDV0RVWFROOHDJXHVZHUHXQIDPLOLDUZLWKWKHPHWKRGRORJ\DQG DQ[LHWLHVKDGWREHFRQWDLQHG$VWKHZRUNXQIROGHGWKHOHDUQHUVZHUHH[FLWHGEXWFRQFHUQHG DERXWUHYHDOLQJSDLQIXOPDWHULDORUKRZWKH\PLJKWLQWHUSUHWDQGWKHRULVHWKHSHUVRQDO:HWKH IDFLOLWDWRUVZHUHDZDUHRIWHQVLRQVLQWKHJURXS3DUWLFXODU3DOHVWLQLDQVWDONHGRISHUSHWXDOO\
EHLQJVLOHQFHGDQGKRZGLIILFXOWLWZDVWRPHQWLRQ$O1DNEDKRUWKH&DWDVWURSKHDVWKH\
SHUFHLYHGLWWKHGLVSODFHPHQWRI3DOHVWLQLDQVLQWKH:DUDQGWKH,VUDHOLRFFXSDWLRQ RIµWKHLU¶ODQG'LVFXVVLQJ0DU[LVPZDVGLIILFXOWIRUWKH*HRUJLDQVZH:HVWHUQHUVVRPH LQVLVWHGNQHZOLWWOHRIOLYLQJXQGHUVXFKDUHJLPH,IWKHUHZDVFLWL]HQVKLSHGXFDWLRQLQVFKRROV DQGXQLYHUVLWLHVXQGHUWKH6RYLHW8QLRQLWZDVPRUDOO\EDQNUXSWJRLQJWKURXJKWKHPRWLRQV ZLWKRXWPHDQLQJRUFOHDUSXUSRVH7KHµWKUHDW¶RI5XVVLDQLQYDVLRQDQGWKHFRQWLQXHGRFFXSDWLRQ RIWKHVSHFLILFSURYLQFHVRI2VVHWLDDQG$ENKD]LDDIWHUWKH:DUZDVDFRQVWDQWWKHPH ,GHQWLW\DQGGLVUHVSHFWZDVDPDMRULVVXHIRUDQ$UDE,VUDHOLZRPDQZKRGHVFULEHGKHUVHOIDVD
&KULVWLDQ3DOHVWLQLDQ6KHFRXOGIHHOUHMHFWHGRQDOOVLGHVDVQDWLRQDOLVWLGHQWLW\SROLWLFVUHGXFHG SHRSOHWRULJLGFDWHJRULHV2XUMREZDVWRNHHSGLDORJXHJRLQJDQGRSHQQHVVWRWKHRWKHUDQG KLVKHUVXIIHULQJ:HQHHGHGWRUHPLQGRXUVHOYHVRIWKHLPSRUWDQFHLQELRJUDSKLFDOHQTXLU\RI VHHLQJWKHZRUOGWKURXJKWKHRWKHUV¶H\HV$QGLIDZHHNLVDORQJWLPHLQSROLWLFVLWZDVWRR EULHIWREUHDNWKURXJKWRGHHSHUUHIOH[LYLW\DQGIXOVRPHO\HQJDJHZLWKWKHRWKHU
1RWZLWKVWDQGLQJWKHZRUNVKRSZDVSRZHUIXOIRUDOOLQYROYHGDQGEXLOWGHHSHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQ WKHIDFHRIGLIIHUHQFH:HPD\NQRZOLWWOHRIWKHRWKHULQZRUNLQJFRQWH[WVGRLQJVXFK
ZRUNVKRSKHOSVEXLOGIRUPVRIVHOIRWKHUUHFRJQLWLRQLQ+RQQHWK¶VODQJXDJHIRUWKHLQWLPDWH VHOIIRUVHOILQDJURXSDQGZKHQWDNLQJUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVIRUWKHJURXS¶VZHOOEHLQJDQG GHYHORSPHQW
6RWRZKDWH[WHQWDUHVXFKSURFHVVHVDQGGLOHPPDVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDODQGLIVRRQZKDW WHUPV"6HYHUDO&&&8VWXGHQWVFRPSOHWHGGRFWRUDWHVEXLOGLQJRQWKHZRUNLQWKHPRGXOHV 2WKHUVZHUHH[FLWHGDQGFKDOOHQJHGE\WKHSURVSHFWRIZRUNLQJLQDPRUHLQWHJUDWHGZD\
FRPELQLQJVWRU\WHOOLQJDQGWKHSHUVRQDOZLWKDFDGHPLFDQGFULWLFDOUHIOH[LYLW\+RZHYHUWKLVZDV QRHDV\XQFRPSOLFDWHGWUDQVFHQGHQFHRIGLOHPPDHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQHQJDJLQJZLWKWKHSDLQRI OLYHVLQ,VUDHODQG*HRUJLD,WZDVDVWDUWLQJSRLQWQRPRUHQROHVV6HYHUDO0DVWHUVVWXGHQWV LPDJLQHGDXWRELRJUDSK\WREHDQHDV\RSWLRQDQGVWUXJJOHG,DGPLWWRVRPHVNHSWLFLVPLQ FODLPLQJWKHZRUNDVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDOZKHQYLHZHGWKURXJKDOLIHORQJRUOLIHZLGHYLHZ2QWKH RWKHUKDQGYDULRXVVWXGHQWVSURGXFHGGRFWRUDOWKHVHVRIWKHKLJKHVWVWDQGDUG±VRPHEHLQJ SXEOLVKHG±DQGWKHLUFRQWLQXLQJHQWKXVLDVWLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQRXUDXWRELRJUDSKLFDOUHVHDUFK FRPPXQLW\VXJJHVWVWKHVHPLQDUVZHUHVLJQLILFDQWIRUVRPHWKH\LQYROYHGDFKDQJHLQKRZWKH\
VDZWKHPVHOYHVDVZKROHSHRSOHDVDJHQWVLQWKHZRUOGPRUHDEOHWRFODLPVSDFHLQWKH DFDGHP\DQGPRUHSHUVRQDOO\7KLVIRXQGH[SUHVVLRQWRRLQWKHLUZULWLQJ
Temporal Dilemmas Inherent to the Use of Life History in Higher and Adult Education (Michel Alhadeff-Jones)
&RQVLGHULQJWKHWKHPHRIWKLVV\PSRVLXP,ZRXOGOLNHWRH[SORUHPRUHVSHFLILFDOO\WKH UHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQWKHH[SHULHQFHRIGLOHPPDVLQWKHHGXFDWLRQDOSUD[LVWKHH[SHULHQFHRI WLPHDVDQµanalyseur¶UHYHDOLQJEURDGHUVRFLDOWHQVLRQVDQGWKHFRQGLWLRQVUHTXLUHGIRUVXFK WHQVLRQVWRWULJJHUWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSURFHVVHV7RSURFHHG,ZLOOGLVFXVVWKUHHGLOHPPDV,KDYH EHHQH[SHULHQFLQJVLQFH,KDYHIDFLOLWDWHGOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUVDW7HDFKHUV&ROOHJH&ROXPELD 8QLYHUVLW\
Designing a Safe Space and Time for Fostering Critical Self-reflection on Power Dynamics 2QHRIWKHOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUV,DPIDFLOLWDWLQJDW7HDFKHUV&ROOHJH&ROXPELD
8QLYHUVLW\LVHQWLWOHG©/HDGHUVKLSDQGVHOIGHYHORSPHQW$ELRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKª,QWKLV FODVVSDUWLFLSDQWVVKDUHRUDOO\DWILUVWDQGWKHQWKURXJKDZULWWHQQDUUDWLYH±VXEPLWWHGWRWKH UHVWRIWKHJURXSIRUFROOHFWLYHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ±VLJQLILFDQWOLIHH[SHULHQFHVUHODWHGWRLGHDVVXFK DVSRZHUDXWKRULW\FRQWURORUPDVWHU\,QVSLUHGE\P\FROODERUDWLRQZLWK3LHUUH'RPLQLFp WKHDLPRIWKLVVHPLQDULWWRSURYLGHVWXGHQWVZLWKDµVDIH¶VSDFHDQGWLPHWRIRUPXODWH DQGTXHVWLRQWKHZD\WKH\JLYHPHDQLQJVWRWKHLUOLIHH[SHULHQFHDQGWRFULWLFDOO\UHIOHFWRQWKH DVVXPSWLRQVWKURXJKZKLFKWKH\LQWHUSUHWSRZHUG\QDPLFVLQWKHLUOLIH7KHIRUPDVZHOODVWKH W\SHRIH[SHULHQFHGHVFULEHGDUHIUHHO\FKRVHQE\HDFKSDUWLFLSDQW
6LQFHWKLVVHPLQDULVSURSRVHGGXULQJWKH6XPPHUVHPHVWHU,WLVRUJDQL]HGDURXQG VL[VHVVLRQV7KHWZRILUVWVHVVLRQVVHUYHDVDQLQWURGXFWRU\SHULRGDLPLQJDWEXLOGLQJSRVLWLYH JURXSG\QDPLFVSUHSDULQJDQGVKDULQJWZRURXQGVRIVKRUWRUDOQDUUDWLYHV7KLVILUVW
LQWURGXFWRU\SHULRGLVDOVRUHTXLUHGIRUWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVPD[LPXPWRKDYHHQRXJKWLPHWR ZULWHWKHLUOLIHKLVWRU\DSSUR[ZRUGVDWKRPH7KHWKUHHIROORZLQJVHVVLRQVDUHGHGLFDWHG WRWKHUHDGLQJDQGWKHFROOHFWLYHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIDOOWKHZULWWHQQDUUDWLYHV,XVXDOO\DOORFDWHDQ KRXUIRUWKHQDUUDWLYHVZLWKPLQXWHEUHDNVLQEHWZHHQDQGSODQWRKDYHHQRXJKWLPHIRU GHEULHILQJDWWKHEHJLQQLQJDQGHQGRIHDFKVHVVLRQ7KDWPHDQVWKDWWKUHHQDUUDWLYHVDUH
GLVFXVVHGSHUVHVVLRQ6XFKDVFKHGXOHLQYROYHVLQWHQVLYHZRUNFRQVLGHULQJWKDWHDFKQDUUDWLYHLV ORDGHGZLWKDOLIHWLPHRIPHDQLQJIXOH[SHULHQFHVWRLQWHUSUHWDQGLWLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWHYHU\RQH FDQVKDUHWKHLURZQLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVDQGTXHVWLRQV7KHODVWVHVVLRQSURYLGHVWLPHIRUDV\QWKHVLV DQGIRUIRUPXODWLQJQHZTXHVWLRQVEDVHGRQWKHLQVLJKWVJDLQHGWKURXJKRXWWKHSURFHVV
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
:KHQ,VWDUWHGZRUNLQJDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI*HQHYDLQFRXUVHVOLNHWKLVRQHZHUH SURYLGHGRQD\HDUO\EDVLVRYHUDSHULRGRIHLJKWPRQWKV,QZKHQ,GHVLJQHGWKLVVSHFLILF VHPLQDUIRUWKHILUVWWLPHDW&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\,KDGWRDGMXVWDSURFHVVWKDWXVHGWREH IDFLOLWDWHGRYHUVHVVLRQVWRILWZLWKLQDVL[WHHQZHHNSHULRG6SULQJVHPHVWHU6LQFH,QR ORQJHUOLYHLQ1HZ<RUNLWLVQRZRIIHUHGLQWKH6XPPHUVHPHVWHUDQGKDVEHHQFRPSUHVVHG RYHUDSHULRGRIIRXUWRVL[ZHHNV6XFKDSURFHVVRIµDFFHOHUDWLRQ¶:ORGNRZVNL
UHLQIRUFHGWKHH[SHULHQFHRIGLOHPPDVDQGµUK\WKPLFGLVVRQDQFH¶$OKDGHII-RQHVUDLVLQJ TXHVWLRQVDERXWWKHWHPSRUDOLWLHVLQYROYHGLQWKLVOHDUQLQJDQGGHYHORSPHQWDOSURFHVV,QWKH QH[WVHFWLRQV,KDYHFKRVHQWRHODERUDWHWKUHHRIWKHP
Conflicting Priorities and the Temporal Design of the Seminar
7KHILUVWGLOHPPD,KDYHEHHQH[SHULHQFLQJRQDUHJXODUEDVHKDVWRGRZLWKKRZ SULRULWLHVDUHVHWZKHQLWFRPHVWRWKHWHPSRUDOGHVLJQRIWKHVHPLQDU6XFKNLQGVRIGLOHPPD HPHUJHHDFKWLPHDGHFLVLRQPXVWEHWDNHQUHJDUGLQJFODVVVFKHGXOHDQGWKHSODQQLQJRIDFWLYLW\
GHWHUPLQLQJZKHWKHUWKHFRXUVHVKRXOGEHVFKHGXOHGDVIXOOGD\ZHHNHQGVHVVLRQVRUSURSRVHG WKURXJKHQGRIWKHGD\WLPHVORWVFKRRVLQJWKHVWDUWLQJDQGHQGLQJWLPHVGHFLGLQJKRZPXFK WLPHLVDOORFDWHGIRUEUHDNVDQGIRUGLVFXVVLQJHDFKQDUUDWLYHHWF7KHGLOHPPDFDQEH
IRUPXODWHGDVIROORZLQJ:KHQHYHUWKHUHLVURRPIRUDGMXVWPHQWVKRXOGWKHFODVVDFWLYLW\EH µFRPSUHVVHG¶VRWKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVJHWPRUHWLPHIRUUHFHVVDQGWRDFFRPPRGDWHWKHLUH[WUD FXUULFXODUFRPPLWPHQWVRUVKRXOGWKHWLPHGHGLFDWHGWRWKHFODVVDFWLYLW\HJGLDORJXHEH µH[WHQGHG¶VRWKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVKDYHPRUHURRPIRUVKDULQJDQGFRQIURQWLQJWKHLUSRLQWVRIYLHZ DQGWRHODERUDWHWKHLUUHIOHFWLRQLQEHWZHHQIRUPDOWLPH",QRWKHUZRUGVZKDWOHYHORIWHPSRUDO SUHVVXUHVKRXOGSDUWLFLSDQWVIHHOLQWKHFODVVURRP±IRULQVWDQFHZKHQZHKDYHWLPHIRU
H[SHULPHQWLQJZLWKTXHVWLRQV±DQGRXWVLGHZKHQVWXGHQWVPXVWGHDOZLWKFRQIOLFWLQJWHPSRUDO GHPDQGVVXFKDVWKRVHLQYROYHGLQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIWKHLUFODVVDVVLJQPHQWVLQWKHLUSHUVRQDO DQGSURIHVVLRQDOOLYHVRUWRDFFRPPRGDWHWKHLURZQELRORJLFDOUK\WKPVHJHDWLQJUHVWLQJ"
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
H[SHFWDWLRQVDUHGLIIHUHQWDWZRUNLQIDPLO\DQGDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\6XFKDSURFHVVUHOLHVRQWKH VSHFLILFQDWXUHRIWKHFRPSHWLQJDFWLYLWLHVWKHPVHOYHVVRPHPD\UHTXLUHµHIILFLHQF\¶DQGD µUDWLRQDOXVH¶RIWKHWLPHDYDLODEOHRUDWWKHRSSRVLWHEHLQJLQWKHµIORZ¶DQGORVLQJWUDFNRI RQH¶VWLPH7RVRPHH[WHQWWKHWHPSRUDORUJDQL]DWLRQRIDFRXUVHDQGWKHZD\LWLVH[SHULHQFHG VKDSHKRZSHRSOHFRQFHLYHDQGSULRULWL]HGLIIHUHQWWHPSRUDOORJLFVQRUPVDQGSUHVVXUHVWKDW H[SUHVVELRORJLFDOSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOFRQVWUDLQWVDQGWKHUHIRUHSRZHUG\QDPLFV
$OKDGHII-RQHV
Conflicting Temporalities Involved in the Learning Process
$VHFRQGGLOHPPD,DPUHJXODUO\H[SHULHQFLQJKDVWRGRZLWKWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV LQYROYHGLQWKHFODVVURRPGLVFXVVLRQ6XFKDNLQGRIGLOHPPDHPHUJHVZKHQHYHUWKHUHLVD OLPLWHGWLPHVHTXHQFHIRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWROHDUQKRZWRIRUPXODWHUHOHYDQWTXHVWLRQVLQRUGHUWR EULQJWKHDXWKRURIDQDUUDWLYHDQGWKHPVHOYHVWRFULWLFDOO\DVVHVVWKHLURZQDVVXPSWLRQV 7\SLFDOO\WKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVUHTXLUHVRQHWRPRYHIURPDVNLQJµDQHFGRWLFDOTXHVWLRQV¶
IRFXVLQJRQFRQWLQJHQWGHWDLOVWRHODERUDWHµGHHSHUTXHVWLRQV¶WDUJHWLQJRQH¶VRZQDVVXPSWLRQV LWPD\DOVRUHTXLUHWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIWKHRUHWLFDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVWRFRPSOH[LI\ZKDWLVDWVWDNHLQ WKHGLVFXVVLRQ7KLVGLOHPPDFDQEHIRUPXODWHGDVIROORZLQJ+RZPXFKIUHHGRPVKRXOGEH JLYHQWRVWXGHQWVWRIRUPXODWHWKHLUTXHVWLRQVZLWKRXWDQ\JXLGDQFHDQGZKHQVKRXOGWKH\
EHQHILWIURPPRGHOLQJTXHVWLRQVDQGWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIREMHFWLYHNQRZOHGJH"
6XFKDGLOHPPDLVSUHVHQWLQDQ\HGXFDWLRQDOVHWWLQJ,WUDLVHVWHPSRUDOLVVXHVEHFDXVH ZLWKWLPHSDUWLFLSDQWVWHQGWRH[SHULPHQWZLWKYDULRXVW\SHVRITXHVWLRQLQJ6XFKDGLOHPPDDOVR GHPRQVWUDWHVWKHIDFWWKDWWHPSRUDOSUHVVXUHLPSDFWVRQWKHYHU\QDWXUHRIWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV DQGWKHGLIIHUHQWSV\FKRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOHIIHFWVWKH\FDUU\7RXQGHUVWDQGLWLWLVUHOHYDQWWR
FRQVLGHU/HVQH¶VFRQWULEXWLRQ$FFRUGLQJWRKLVPRGHODWOHDVWWKUHHW\SHVRISHGDJRJLFDO SURFHVVmodes de travail pédagogiqueDUHIRXQGLQDGXOWHGXFDWLRQGHSHQGLQJRQWKHZHLJKW JLYHQWRWKHOHDUQHU¶VDJHQF\LHREMHFWVXEMHFWRUDJHQWDQGWKHVRXUFHRINQRZOHGJH SULYLOHJHGLHH[WHUQDOREMHFWLYHLQWHUQDOVXEMHFWLYHVRFLDOFRQVWUXFWDUWLFXODWLQJGLIIHUHQW VRXUFHVRINQRZOHGJH7KHVHWKUHHPRGHVDUHGHVFULEHGDVWUDQVPLVVLYHLQFLWDWLYHDQG DSSURSULDWLYH7UDQVPLVVLYHPHWKRGVHJEDQNLQJHGXFDWLRQWHQGWRVXEMXJDWHWKHOHDUQHU¶V VHQVHRIDXWRQRP\E\SULYLOHJLQJSUHH[LVWLQJNQRZOHGJHDVWKHQRUPDWLYHIUDPHZRUNWKURXJK ZKLFKOHDUQLQJLVFRQFHLYHG,WZRXOGVXJJHVWIRULQVWDQFHWKDWWKHIDFLOLWDWRU±DVDQµH[SHUW¶±
VKRZVSDUWLFLSDQWVZKLFKTXHVWLRQVWRDVNDVDPRGHOWRUHSOLFDWH,QFLWDWLYHPHWKRGVHJ JURXSG\QDPLFVWHQGWRORFDWHWKHVRXUFHRINQRZOHGJHZLWKLQWKHOHDUQHUSULYLOHJLQJ
H[SHULHQWLDOOHDUQLQJDQGWKHHGXFDWLRQDOYDOXHRIRQH¶VRZQVXEMHFWLYLW\,WZRXOGVXJJHVWWKDW SDUWLFLSDQWVPD\ILQGWKHPVHOYHVZKDWDUHWKHTXHVWLRQVµZRUWK¶DVNLQJVWULFWO\EDVHGRQWKHLU RZQVXEMHFWLYLW\$SSURSULDWLYHZRUNPD\DSSHDUDVPRUHFRPSOH[±DQGWKHUHIRUHµVORZHU¶±DV LWDUWLFXODWHVHVWDEOLVKHGNQRZOHGJHHJREMHFWLYHDQGVFLHQWLILFREVHUYDWLRQVZLWKWKH
VXEMHFWLYHSUHIHUHQFHVRIWKHOHDUQHUV7\SLFDORIWKHZRUNGRQHWKURXJKOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUV WKLVDSSURDFKUHTXLUHVWKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVFRQIURQWWKHLURZQVSRQWDQHRXVTXHVWLRQVZLWKWKRVH UDLVHGE\WKHIDFLOLWDWRUEDVHGRQKHUKLVH[SHUWLVHRIWKHSURFHVVVRWKDWQHZNQRZOHGJH HPHUJHVIURPWKHRWKHUQHVVDQGOHDGVWRWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIKLGGHQDVVXPSWLRQVIUDPLQJ TXHVWLRQVDQGUHVSRQVHV
)URPDWHPSRUDOSRLQWRIYLHZWKRVHWKUHHPRGDOLWLHVRISHGDJRJLFDODFWLYLW\GRQRW UHTXLUHWKHVDPHWHPSRUDOIUDPHZRUNDQGWKHVDPHUK\WKPVEHWZHHQSDUWLFLSDQWVDQG
IDFLOLWDWRU¶VLQWHUYHQWLRQV)URPWKDWSHUVSHFWLYHWKHWHPSRUDOGLOHPPDLQKHUHQWLQWKHWLPLQJRI DFODVVGLVFXVVLRQLVQRWMXVWDERXWWKHZD\GLDORJXHLVUHJXODWHGPRUHGHHSO\LWUHYHDOV
GLYHUJLQJSHGDJRJLFDOVWUDWHJLHVWKDWFDUU\KHWHURJHQHRXVOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVHJUHSURGXFWLYH DVVHUWLYHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDO
Heterogeneous Temporal Horizons of the Formation
$WKLUGNLQGRIWHPSRUDOGLOHPPDWKDWFDQEHH[SHULHQFHGZKHQIDFLOLWDWLQJDOLIHKLVWRU\
VHPLQDUFRQFHUQVWKHGLIIHUHQWH[SHFWDWLRQVWKDWSDUWLFLSDQWVPD\KDYHUHJDUGLQJWKHVHPLQDUDQG WKHJRDOVLWLVVXSSRVHGWRIXOILOO2QWKHRQHKDQGWKHUHOHYDQFHRIWKHFRXUVHW\SLFDOO\DSSHDUV WRWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVWKURXJKWKHLUVKRUWWHUPLQVWUXPHQWDOQHHGV)RULQVWDQFHLWPD\SURYLGHWKHP ZLWKVSHFLILFWRROVDQGPHWKRGRORJLHVWRDSSO\LQWKHLUFXUUHQWSURIHVVLRQDOVHWWLQJHJKRZWR XVHQDUUDWLYHDSSURDFKHVIRUHQKDQFLQJWHDPFROODERUDWLRQ2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHUHOHYDQFHRI WKHVHPLQDUDOVRDSSHDUVWKURXJKLWVORQJWHUPWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDOHIIHFWV)RULQVWDQFHLWPD\
SURYLGHSDUWLFLSDQWVZLWKUHVRXUFHVWRFULWLFDOO\LQWHUSUHWZKDWLVDWVWDNHZLWKWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI WKHLUSURIHVVLRQDOLGHQWLW\DVWKH\VORZO\QDYLJDWHDQGVKDSHWKHLUSURIHVVLRQDOMRXUQH\DQGOHDUQ WRFKDOOHQJHWKHLURZQDVVXPSWLRQVRYHUWLPH
0H]LURZGLVWLQJXLVKHVLQVWUXPHQWDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQDODQGHPDQFLSDWRU\OHDUQLQJ WRGLIIHUHQWLDWHWKHNLQGRIOHDUQLQJWKDWPD\RFFXULQWKHSUD[LVRIDGXOWHGXFDWLRQ)URPD WHPSRUDOSRLQWRIYLHZWKRVHWKUHHHGXFDWLRQDODLPVPD\QRWUHODWHWRWKHVDPHWHPSRUDO KRUL]RQV,QVWUXPHQWDOOHDUQLQJLVVKDSHGE\WKHWHPSRUDOLW\UHTXLUHGWRFRPSOHWHDSUHGHILQHG JRDOLWVXJJHVWVDVHQVHRIREMHFWLYLW\UDWLRQDOLW\DQGPHDVXUHPHQWLQWKHZD\WLPHLVPDQDJHG
&RPPXQLFDWLRQDOOHDUQLQJGHSHQGVRQLQWHUSHUVRQDOG\QDPLFVWKDWUHPDLQFRQWLQJHQWDQGYDU\
GHSHQGLQJRQWKHVHWWLQJDQGWKHSHRSOHLQYROYHGLWUHTXLUHVWLPHWREHUHJXODWHG7KH HPHUJHQFHRIHPDQFLSDWRU\OHDUQLQJLVXQSUHGLFWDEOHDQGQRQOLQHDUDVLWHPHUJHVWKURXJK GLVFRQWLQXLW\WKDWFDQQRWEHDQWLFLSDWHGLWLVYDOXDEOHRQO\ZKHQWKHPHDQLQJRIDQHGXFDWLRQDO VHWWLQJLVHQYLVLRQHGWKURXJKWKHORQJWHUPWHPSRUDOLW\RIRQH¶VH[LVWHQFH)URPWKDWSHUVSHFWLYH
FRQIOLFWLQJH[SHFWDWLRQVWKDWPD\DSSHDUWRZDUGDOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUWUDQVODWHQRWRQO\
GLYHUJLQJLQWHUHVWVHJVROYLQJSUREOHPVXQGHUVWDQGLQJHDFKRWKHUFKDOOHQJLQJRQH¶VRZQ DVVXPSWLRQVWKH\DOVRUHYHDOKRZVXFKLQWHUHVWVUHODWHWRKHWHURJHQHRXVWHPSRUDOKRUL]RQV PRUHRUOHVVFORVHGRURSHQVKRUWRUORQJPDQDJHDEOHRUQRW
Learning from Both One’s Existence and the Temporal Conditions through which it is Reflected on
8VLQJOLIHQDUUDWLYHVZLWKDGXOWOHDUQHUVPD\WULJJHUWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSURFHVVHVEHFDXVH WKH\SURYLGHVSDFHDQGWLPHWRLGHQWLI\DQGFKDOOHQJHFRUHDVVXPSWLRQVDERXWRQHVHOIRWKHUVDQG WKHZRUOGEDVHGRQWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV¶SDVWKLVWRU\'RPLQLFp+RZHYHUVXFKD
WUDQVIRUPDWLYHIXQFWLRQUHTXLUHVVSHFLILFFRQGLWLRQVWRRFFXUWKDWPD\RUPD\QRWEHDYDLODEOH 7KHWKUHHGLOHPPDV,KDYHGHVFULEHGTXHVWLRQKRZSHRSOHHQYLVLRQWKHFRQGLWLRQVIRU
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
SHGDJRJLFDOVHWWLQJDQGWKHZD\WKHWHPSRUDOLWLHVLQYROYHGVKDSHWKHOHDUQLQJWKDWLVVXSSRVHGWR RFFXU,QFRQJUXHQFHZLWKSHGDJRJLFDODSSURDFKHVVXFKDVanalyse institutionnelle /RXUDX RUFRQFHSWLRQVVXFKDVGRXEOHORRSOHDUQLQJ$UJ\ULV 6FK|QLWDSSHDUVWKHUHIRUH SDUWLFXODUO\FULWLFDOWRTXHVWLRQQRWRQO\SDVWOLIHH[SHULHQFHVEXWDOVRWKHFRQGLWLRQVWKURXJK ZKLFKWKH\FDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGLQWKHSUHVHQW&RQVLGHULQJVXFKGLOHPPDVDVDQDGGLWLRQDOORFXVWR WULJJHUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLWDSSHDUVWKDWWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSRWHQWLDORIOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUV
EHORQJVDVPXFKWRLWVSURFHVVVKDULQJDQGGLVFXVVLQJSDUWLFLSDQWV¶OLIHKLVWRULHVWKDQWKH FDSDFLW\WRFULWLFDOO\UHIOHFWRQLWVPRGDOLWLHVRILPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
&RQVLGHULQJWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\SURFHVVRIVRFLDODFFHOHUDWLRQ5RVDWKDW LQIOXHQFHV:HVWHUQVRFLHW\DQGLPSDFWVSUDFWLFHVLQDGXOWDQGKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQWLPHWRUHIOHFWRQ RQH¶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
Narrating Life from the First-person Perspective:
Dilemmas Encountered by the Adult Learner and Practitioner During Life History Seminars
(Hervé Breton)
,ZLOOSD\DWWHQWLRQGXULQJWKLVV\PSRVLXPWRWKHGLOHPPDV,KDYHEHHQH[SHULHQFLQJRU QRWLFHGXULQJOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUVIRUVWXGHQWVLQDGXOWHGXFDWLRQFRXUVHV0\HQFRXQWHUZLWK OLIHKLVWRU\GDWHVWRZKHQ,SDUWLFLSDWHGDVDVWXGHQWRIDQDGXOWHGXFDWLRQSURJUDPIRFXVHG RQ³7UDLQLQJVXSSRUWIXQFWLRQVVNLOOVDVVHVVPHQWFDUHHUVXSSRUWUHFRJQLWLRQRISULRUOHDUQLQJ´
,WKHQZRUNHGZLWKELRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKHVLQWKHILHOGRIUHVHDUFKGRLQJD3K'ZLWK*DVWRQ 3LQHDXDVUHVHDUFKGLUHFWRU0\SUDFWLFHRIIDFLOLWDWLRQLQOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUVEHJDQLQ ZLWKLQWKHHGXFDWLRQVFLHQFHVGHSDUWPHQWRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\RI7RXUV,WKDGEHJXQZLWKDSRUWIROLR LQYRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQWUDLQLQJZKLFKLQWHJUDWHGELRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKHV3LQHDX ,Q,KDGWKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRIDFLOLWDWHDWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQRIKRXUVEDVHGRQOLIHQDUUDWLYH DQGWKHQLQ,EHFDPHWKHHGXFDWLRQDOPDQDJHURIDORQJWHUPGHJUHHQDPHG³'LSO{PH XQLYHUVLWDLUH+LVWRLUHGHYLHHQIRUPDWLRQ´7KLVGHJUHHLVGHHSO\VSHFLDOL]HGRQELRJUDSKLFDO DSSURDFKHVOLIHVHPLQDUVOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHVDQGDGXOWHGXFDWLRQ,WODVWVIRUWZR\HDUV ZLWKHOHYHQWKUHHGD\VWHDFKLQJVHPLQDUVGXULQJZKLFKVWXGHQWVH[SHULHQFHGRLQJUHVHDUFKXVLQJ WKHOLIHKLVWRU\DSSURDFK
The Setting of Life History Seminars at the University of Tours
7KHVWXGHQWVRIWKHPDVWHUFRXUVHVRIWKHXQLYHUVLW\RI7RXUVDUHDOODGXOWV7KH
ELRJUDSKLFDOVHVVLRQVDUHLQWHJUDWHGLQWRRULQFRPSOHPHQWDULW\ZLWKPDVWHU¶VFXUULFXODWKDWDLP WRDFTXLUHVNLOOVIRUDGXOWHGXFDWLRQYRFDWLRQDOHGXFDWLRQWUDLQLQJJXLGDQFHSULRUOHDUQLQJ DVVHVVPHQW7KHQDUUDWLYHDQGELRJUDSKLFDOZRUNGXULQJWKHVHVHVVLRQVDUHRUJDQL]HGDURXQG WKUHHGLPHQVLRQVWKHWHPSRUDOL]DWLRQRIWKHOLIHFRXUVHDXWRELRJUDSK\DQGOLIHVWRU\WHOOLQJOLIH QDUUDWLYHFROOHFWLYHH[SUHVVLRQ7KHSHGDJRJLFDOVHWWLQJLQFOXGHVGLIIHUHQWVXSSRUWLQJWLPHV
x 7LPHVGXULQJZKLFKVWXGHQWVH[SORUHWHPSRUDOL]HDQGZULWHDWKRPHOLYHGPRPHQWV UHODWLQJWRSHULRGVRIOLIH
x :RUNVKRSWLPHVLQVXEJURXSVDOORZLQJDILUVWVRFLDOL]DWLRQRIWKHVWRU\ZKLFKWKHQ DOORZVDQH[FKDQJHRIYLHZVLQUHODWLRQWRWKHELRJUDSKLFDOQDUUDWLRQLQSURJUHVV x $FROOHFWLYHPRPHQWRIH[SUHVVLRQDWWKHHQGRIWKHVHPLQDUVGHGLFDWHGWRWKH
H[SUHVVLRQRIHDFKRIWKHVWRULHVZLWKLQWKHWUDLQLQJJURXSRIWKHOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDU Biographical Narration and the Capacity to Express the Experience
7RSURJUHVVLQWKHELRJUDSKLFDOQDUUDWLRQSUD[LVVWXGHQWVEHJLQZLWKDQH[DPLQDWLRQRI VRPHSDVWPRPHQWVLQRUGHUWRGHVFULEHWKHPLQZRUGV7KLVDFWLYLW\PRELOL]HVGLIIHUHQWNLQGVRI
³DFWVRIODQJXDJH´ZKRVHIXQFWLRQVGHVHUYHGHWDLOHGH[DPLQDWLRQ:HKDYHDOUHDG\VWXGLHGLQ WKLVV\PSRVLXPGLIIHUHQWNLQGVRIGLOHPPDVLQUHODWLRQWRWHPSRUDOLW\GXULQJOLIHVWRU\VHPLQDUV
$VHFRQGSHUVSHFWLYHFDQQRZEHH[DPLQHGWKHGLIIHUHQWZD\E\ZKLFKH[SHULHQFHLVWUDQVODWHG LQWRZRUGV)URPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWKHVXEMHFWZKRHQJDJHVKLPKHUVHOILQELRJUDSKLFDOZRUN RQHRIWKHILUVWWULDOVVKHPXVWIDFHLVWKHIROORZLQJWRILQGVXLWDEOHZRUGVWRH[SUHVVGLIIHUHQW PRPHQWVRIKHUSDVWDWILUVWIRURQHVHOIWKHQWRRWKHUV:HZLOOWKHQFRQVLGHUWKHGLOHPPDVLQ UHODWLRQWRODQJXDJHDQGSUHFLVHO\LQRUGHUWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHG\QDPLFVE\ZKLFKH[SHULHQFH EHFRPHVZRUGVDQGIURPWKHVHZRUGVLVGHYHORSHGLQWRDVWRU\
7KLVG\QDPLFWKURXJKZKLFKH[SHULHQFHDULVHVLQWRODQJXDJHWKHQLQWRQDUUDWLYHLV WKHUHIRUHDVRXUFHRIGLOHPPDIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWKHVXEMHFWEXWDOVRIURPWKHSRLQWRI WKHSUDFWLWLRQHUZKRLVIDFLOLWDWLQJWKHVHPLQDUDQGWKHQDUUDWLYHDFWLYLW\GXULQJWKHOLIHKLVWRU\
VHVVLRQ)RUWKHQDUUDWRUWKHSUREOHPFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHPDLQLVVXHVWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQRI WKHH[SHULHQFHVFRQVLGHUHGDVOHJLWLPDWHRUYDOLGWREHLQFOXGHGLQWKHVWRU\WHOOLQJWKHFKRLFHRI ZRUGVWRH[SUHVVWKHPDQGWKHDQWLFLSDWHGFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIDILUVWSHUVRQ QDUUDWLYHWKDWLQFOXGHVH[SHULHQFHVVWUXFNE\SURKLELWLRQVVKDPHRUindicibilité:HSURSRVH EHORZWRH[DPLQHWKHVHSRLQWVEDVHGRQDQH[DPSOH
The Dilemma for Adult Learners of Choosing Moments for the Life Narration
7RJRIXUWKHULQWKHVWXG\RIGLOHPPDVZHDUHQRZSURSRVLQJDVKRUWVWXG\FRPLQJIURP DWHVWLPRQ\%UHWRQZKLFKH[HPSOLILHVSURFHVVHVDWZRUN
The situation mentioned takes place in 2012, during a life history seminar in an adult education program. The participants are invited to narrate a period of their lives, starting from the identification of various significant moments included in it. At the end of the second day, one of the participants asks to speak individually with one of the practitioners, in order to consult about difficulties emerged from the proposed work: “I am unable to engage myself in the writing and in the narrative work for the following reason: I cannot enter into the narration without telling a short period I have lived when I was twenty years old, during which I lived a wandering moment. However, I don’t wantto talk about this experience in the group because it could marginalise me during the seminar.”
7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKHVHSDVVDJHVLQGLFDWHVWKHH[LVWHQFHRIDGLOHPPDZKLFKLVOLYHGE\WKH
QDUUDWRU:HDUHIRUPDOL]LQJLWLQWKLVZD\IRUWKHQDUUDWRUWKHWHOOLQJRIRQH¶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
To Guide Narrative Work in a Biographical Approach: What are the Limits of Encouraging the Expression of Experience?
7KHSURSRVDOPDGHE\WKHSUDFWLWLRQHULQFKDUJHRIWKHIDFLOLWDWLRQRIWKHOLIHKLVWRU\
VHPLQDULVSUHVHQWHGEHORZ
Perhaps you can simply describe this moment without feeling compelled to tell it to others. Then write and proofread the text. Then, you will be able to decide how to proceed when it will be time for you to express some part of your life history
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
Lifting the Dilemma: The Choice of Words for a First-person Expression
+RZHYHUWKHHPDQFLSDWLRQIURPWKHH[SHULHQFHRIVKDPH±DQGWKHOLIWLQJRIWKH
GLOHPPDíSUHVXSSRVHVRQHWRGLIIHUHQWLDWHWZRG\QDPLFVRQWKHRQHKDQGWKHG\QDPLFWKURXJK ZKLFKWKHH[SHULHQFHFRPHVLQWRZRUGVDQGWKXVDOORZVDSURFHVVRIVHOIUHFRJQLWLRQWRDULVHRQ WKHRWKHUKDQGWKHG\QDPLFVWKURXJKZKLFKWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKLVQDUUDWLYHLVH[SUHVVHGWRWKH FRPPXQLW\,QRWKHUZRUGVWKHSUDFWLWLRQHULVSURSRVLQJWRVROYHWKHGLOHPPDE\HQXQFLDWLQJ WZRSULQFLSOHVRQHSULQFLSOHRIVXFFHVVLRQQDUUDWLYHRIRQHVHOIWKHQH[SUHVVLRQRIWKH DXWRELRJUDSK\ZLWKLQDJURXSDQGRQHSULQFLSOHRIUHFXUVLYLW\WKHQDUUDWRUPXVWEHDEOHWR
SURRIUHDGKLVDXWRELRJUDSK\EHIRUHLWLVVKDUHGZLWKWKHFRPPXQLW\7KHVHWZRSULQFLSOHVDUH WKRXJKWDVDZD\RXWRIDSDUDO\]LQJFRQWUDGLFWLRQ
About six weeks later, a new phase of the life history training takes place, which is devoted to the expression of each life history. At this moment, the person who was impressed and scared to express an experience of
marginality he had lived, is beginning to express himself in the following way: “... then, at the age of 20, I lived a period of wandering that lasted two years. This led me to live forms of vagrancy and to move from one place to another without fixed directions.” He thencontinues to express his life history without further comments or particularly visible emotions.
,WLVSRVVLEOHWRLPDJLQHLQWKLVODVWSDVVDJHWKDWWKHGLOHPPDLVUHVROYHG,QGHHGZKDW
PDQLIHVWVLWVHOIKHUHLVDQDELOLW\WRWHOOWKHSHULRGRIOLIHZLWKRXWH[FOXGLQJWKHPDUJLQDOPRPHQW WKDWZDVLQLWLDOO\EDQQHG7KLVQHZFDSDFLW\WRH[SUHVVWKHOLIHKLVWRU\FDQEHXQGHUVWRRG
DFFRUGLQJWRDG\QDPLFRIWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRIWKHPRGDOLW\WKURXJKZKLFKDPRPHQWLVEHLQJ LQWHJUDWHGLQWKHOLIHKLVWRU\7KHGLOHPPDWKHUHLVORFDWHGIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWKHQDUUDWRU LQWKHFKRLFHRIWKHWHUPVXVHGWRH[SUHVVWKHPDUJLQDOPRPHQWLQWKHUHOHYDQWFRPSRVLWLRQ SURFHVVWKURXJKZKLFKWKLVPRPHQWFDQEHH[SUHVVHGLQWKHOLIHVWRU\7KHQDUUDWLYHSUD[LVE\
WUDQVIRUPLQJWKHFRPSUHKHQVLRQRIWKLVHYHQWWKHSHUVRQKDVDFTXLUHGFRQWULEXWHVWRDNLQGRI PHWDPRUSKRVLV7KLVZRUNRILQWHJUDWLQJDPRPHQWRIVRFLDOPDUJLQDOLW\LQWRWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH VXEMHFWVHHPVWRKDYHFRQWLQXHGLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIVHOIFRQILGHQFHZLWKWKHHIIHFWRIDQ LQFUHDVHGFDSDFLW\IRULQWHJUDWLRQDQGUHFRJQLWLRQRIDJUHDWHUGLYHUVLW\RIH[SHULHQFHVDVD PRPHQWRIIRUPDWLRQLQOLIH
Final Synthesis
7KHOLIHKLVWRU\DQGDXWRELRJUDSKLFDODFWLYLWLHVGHVFULEHGDERYHJHQHUDWHPDQ\GLOHPPDV IRUDGXOWOHDUQHUVDQGSUDFWLWLRQHUV7KHSDSHULOOXPLQDWHVVRPHGLOHPPDVEDVHGRQDUHIOH[LYH DQDO\VLVRIWKHZRUN7KHGLOHPPDVFDQEHFODVVLILHGLQIRXUZD\VWKRVHUHODWLQJWRWKH
LQVWLWXWLRQDOFRQWH[WDQGFRQVWUDLQWVWKRVHWRWHPSRUDOLW\LQGLYHUVHZD\VQRWOHDVWIRUVWXGHQWV LQPDQDJLQJWKHLUOHDUQLQJLQWKHFRQWH[WRIZKROHOLIHZRUOGVWKHUHDUHWKRVHWKDWGHULYHIURPWKH XQSUHGLFWDEOHRIWHQLGLRV\QFUDWLFUK\WKPVRIH[SHULHQWLDOOHDUQLQJDPRQJDGXOWVDQGILQDOO\
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
FDQEHWUDQVIRUPDWLYHEXWWLPHDQGLWVFRQVWUDLQWVVXUURXQGWKHZRUNWRR7DNLQJWLPHLQK\SHU PRGHUQLW\LVDQLQFUHDVLQJLVVXHJLYLQJVSDFHDQGWLPHLQVHPLQDUVIRUVWRU\WHOOLQJLQZD\V LQFUHDVLQJO\XQDYDLODEOHDWZRUNRULQIDPLOLHVDQGLQWLPDWHUHODWLRQVKLSVFDQEHERWKOLEHUDWRU\
DQGWHUULI\LQJ*LYLQJWLPHWRWHOOGLIILFXOWVWRULHVFDQH[SRVHWKHVWUHVVDQGVWUDLQRIZRUNDQG WKHFRORQL]DWLRQRIVSDFHE\PDQDJHULDOLVPDQGWKHFRQIOLFWEHWZHHQSHUVRQDOYDOXHVDQGKRZ SHRSOHDUHH[SHFWHGWRSHUIRUP
$XWRELRJUDSKLFDODQGOLIHKLVWRU\VHPLQDUVLQYROYHWKHVWURQJHVWSRVVLEOHLQYROYHPHQWRI OHDUQHUVWDNLQJWKHPDQGWKHLUOLYHGH[SHULHQFHDVWKHSULPHIRFXV5HVHDUFKRQWKHW\SHVRI
GLOHPPDVH[SHULHQFHGGXULQJELRJUDSKLFDOQDUUDWLRQDFWLYLW\DOORZVXVWRH[DPLQHDQGLOOXPLQDWH WKHSURFHVVHVWKDWIDFLOLWDWHRUWRWKHFRQWUDU\GLVFRXUDJHOHDUQHUV¶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
VHPLQDUVDQGRIWKHLUWUDQVIRUPDWLYHSRWHQWLDOFRPSOH[PDQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVLQHYLWDEOH FRQVWUDLQWV
References
$OKDGHII-RQHV0Time and the rhythms of emancipatory education. Rethinking the temporal complexity of self and society. /RQGRQ5RXWOGHJH
$UGRLQR- /RXUDX5Les pédagogies institutionnelles. 3DULV3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHV GH)UDQFH
$UJ\ULV0 6FK|Q'Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness6DQ )UDQFLVFR&$-RVVH\%DVV
%DLQEULGJH$Using educational biographies. /RQGRQ3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ
%DLQEULGJH$ :HVW/Psychoanalysis and education. Minding a gap. /RQGRQ .DUQDF
%UHWRQ+ȋʹͲͳȌǤ([SpULHQFHVGXWHPSVHWUpFLWGHVRLDXFRXUVGHO¶DFWLYLWpELRJUDSKLTXHHQ IRUPDWLRQG¶DGXOWHVǤChemins de formation,ιʹͳǤ± ±±ǡͶͷǦͷ.
'HVFRPEHV9Le parler de soi3DULV*DOOLPDUG
'RPLQLFp3Learning from our lives. Using educational biographies with adults6DQ )UDQFLVFR&$-RVVH\%DVV
)LQQHJDQ)0HUULOO% 7KXQERUJ&(GVStudent voices on inequalities in European higher education. Challenges for theory, policy and practice in a time of change/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH
)UDVHU:Seeking wisdom in adult teaching and learning. /RQGRQ3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ +D\HV' (FFOHVWRQH.The dangerous rise of therapeutic education. /RQGRQ
5RXWOHGJH
+RQQHWK$Disrespect: The normative foundations of critical theory&DPEULGJH3ROLW\
3UHVV
+RQQHWK$Pathologies of reason: On the legacy of critical theory. 1HZ<RUN1<
&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
+RZDWVRQ-RQHV/Reflective practice in nursing. /RQGRQ6DJH
+XQW& :HVW/%RUGHUFRXQWU\XVLQJSV\FKRG\QDPLFLGHDVLQWHDFKLQJDQG UHVHDUFK,Q$%DLQEULGJH /:HVW(GVPsychoanalysis and education: Minding a gap. /RQGRQ.DUQDF
/HVQH0Travail pédagogique et formation d’adultes. Eléments d’analyse. 3DULV 3UHVVHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFH
/RXUDX5La clé des champs. Une introduction à l’analyse institutionnelle. 3DULV
$QWKURSRV
0HUULOO% :HVW/Using biographical methods in social research. /RQGRQ6DJH 0H]LURZ-Transformative dimensions of adult learning6DQ)UDQFLVFR&$-RVVH\
%DVV
3LQHDX*Sauve qui peut! La vie entre en formation permanente. Quelle histoire (GXFDWLRQ3HUPDQHQWHQ
3LQHDX*+LVWRLUHGHYLHHWUHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHVDFTXLVeOpPHQWVG¶XQHPpWKRGRORJLH FROOHFWLYHHWSURJUHVVLYHEducation PermanenteQ
3LQHDX*Temporalités en formation: Vers de nouveaux synchroniseurs3DULV
$QWKURSRV
3LQHDX*&KDSXW0 /LpWDUG%Reconnaître les acquis3DULV/¶+DUPDWWDQ 5HLG+ :HVW/5³7HOOLQJWDOHV´8VLQJQDUUDWLYHLQFDUHHUJXLGDQFHJournal of
Vocational Behavior, 78
5HLG+ :HVW/51HJRWLDWLQJSURIHVVLRQDODQGSHUVRQDOELRJUDSKLHVLQDOLTXLG ZRUOGFUHDWLQJVSDFHIRUUHIOH[LYHLQQRYDWLRQLQFDUHHUFRXQVHOOLQJBritish Journal of Guidance & Counselling'2,
5LF°XU3Du texte à l’action.3DULV6HXLO
5RVD+Social acceleration: A new theory of modernity-7UHMR0DWK\V7UDQV1HZ
<RUN1<&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV2ULJLQDOZRUNSXEOLVKHG
:HVW/Beyond Fragments; adults, motivation and higher education, a biographical analysis. /RQGRQ7D\ORUDQG)UDQFLV
:HVW/Doctors on the edge: General practitioners, health and learning in the inner city. /RQGRQ)UHH$VVRFLDWLRQ%RRNV
:HVW/Distress in the City. Racism, fundamentalism and a democratic education /RQGRQ7UHQWKDP%RRNV8&/,QVWLWXWHRI(GXFDWLRQ3UHVV
:HVW/$OKHLW3$QGHUVHQ$6 0HUULOO%Using biographical and life history approaches in the study of adult and lifelong learning: European perspectives)UDQNIXUW DP0DLQ3HWHU/DQJ
:ORGNRZVNL5-$FFHOHUDWHGOHDUQLQJLQFROOHJHVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHVNew Directions for Adult and Continuing Education97
Promoting Civic Capacities through Transformative Learning 6DVNLD(VFKHQEDFKHU
7HW\DQD.ORXEHUW
&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\(LFKVWlWW,QJROVWDGW 3HWHU/HYLQH
7XIWV8QLYHUVLW\0$
Abstract:7KHZRUNLQJJURXSZLOOGLVFXVVWKHWRSLFRISURPRWLQJFLYLFFDSDFLWLHV DQGFLYLFFXOWXUHWKURXJKWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJIURPFRPSOHPHQWDU\
LQWHUQDWLRQDOWKHRUHWLFDODQGHPSLULFDOSHUVSHFWLYHV7KHWZRPDLQWRSLFVZLOOEH WKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRIWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJLQGLIIHUHQWIRUPVRIFLYLF
HGXFDWLRQLQGLIIHUHQWVRFLHWLHVDQGWRZKDWH[WHQWWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJFDQ IRVWHUFLYLFSROLWLFVDQGFLYLFLQLWLDWLYHVDQGWKHUHE\FRQWULEXWHWRGHPRFUDWLF GHYHORSPHQW3UHVHQWHUVZLOORIIHUWKHRUHWLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHVRQWKHWHQVLRQ EHWZHHQSHUVRQDODQGVRFLHWDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ7KHQWKHIDUUHDFKLQJFLYLF GLPHQVLRQRIWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGXVLQJH[DPSOHVIURP WUDQVLWLRQVLQ(DVWHUQ(XURSHDIWHUZKHUHWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJZLOOEH FRQVLGHUHGDVDSURFHVVRIGHDOLQJZLWKWKHSDVWLQWKHOLJKWRIWKHQHHGIRU GHPRFUDWLFUHRULHQWDWLRQ7KHZRUNLQJJURXSZLOOHQGZLWKGLVFXVVLRQVRIUHFHQW GHYHORSPHQWVLQFLYLFHGXFDWLRQLQWKH86ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRRWKHUFRXQWULHVDQG ZKHWKHUWKH\RIIHUDQ\SRVVLELOLWLHVIRUWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJ
Key Words:,QGLYLGXDODQG&RPPXQLW\7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ6RFLDO&KDQJH(DVWHUQ(XURSH6RFLDO +HWHURJHQHLW\&LYLF(GXFDWLRQLQWKH86$
Transformative Learning Theory: Between Personal and Community Transformation
$VDQ³DQDSSURDFKWRWHDFKLQJEDVHGRQSURPRWLQJFKDQJHZKHUHHGXFDWRUVFKDOOHQJH OHDUQHUVWRFULWLFDOO\TXHVWLRQDQGDVVHVVWKHLQWHJULW\RIWKHLUGHHSO\KHOGDVVXPSWLRQVDERXWKRZ WKH\UHODWHWRWKHZRUOGDURXQGWKHP´0H]LURZ 7D\ORUS;,WUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJ WKHRU\0H]LURZLVFRQFHUQHGZLWKERWKSHUVRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQandVRFLDODFWLRQ$V VXFKLWKDVWRFRQVWDQWO\EDODQFHWKHWHQVLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRDQGDWEHVWXWLOL]HWKDWWHQVLRQDVD VRXUFHRIDXWRQRP\DQGFUHDWLYLW\0H]LURZ¶VWKHRU\HPHUJHGIURPDPDVVLYHVWXG\RIZRPHQ UHWXUQLQJWRFROOHJHDIWHUDORQJKLDWXVGXULQJWKHVLQYHVWLJDWLQJWKHLUOHDUQLQJH[SHULHQFH 0RVWRIWKHPH[SHULHQFHGZKDW0H]LURZODWHUUHIHUUHGWRDVDSHUVRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ0H]LURZ DE7KHLQWHUVHFWLRQRIDGXOWHGXFDWLRQDQGFLYLFPRYHPHQWVQDPHO\WKHZRPHQ¶V PRYHPHQWLQWKH86FRQWULEXWHGWR0H]LURZ¶VQRWLRQRI7/2QHNH\DVSHFWLVWKHUHDOL]DWLRQ WKDWDSHUVRQDOSUREOHPLVVKDUHGE\RWKHUVWKDWSRZHUVWUXFWXUHVEUHDNLQWRWKHSULYDWHOLIH³+H
>0H]LURZ@ZDQWVWRVLWXDWHWUDQVIRUPDWLYHOHDUQLQJZLWKLQDQHPDQFLSDWRU\IUDPHZRUNEXWDWWKH VDPHWLPHKLVPRGHOVHHPVWRHPSKDVL]HSHUVRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQWRDJUHDWHUH[WHQWWKDQVRFLDO WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ´7D\ORUS7KDWWHQVLRQJLYHQRXUGLYHUVHWUDQVGLVFLSOLQDU\
SHUVSHFWLYHVKLJKOLJKWVGLIIHUHQWDVSHFWVRI7/ZLWKLQWKHILHOGRIFLYLFVWXGLHVLQDQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPSDULVRQLQRUGHUWREXLOGEULGJHVEHWZHHQLQGLYLGXDODQGFRPPXQLW\
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ:HJREDFNWRWKHURRWVDQGH[SORUHUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQFLYLFHGXFDWLRQLQ WKH86ZLWKUHIHUHQFHWRRWKHUFRXQWULHVDQG(DVWHUQ(XURSHDQGGLVFXVVZKHWKHUWKH\RIIHUDQ\
SRVVLELOLWLHVIRU7/