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B B R R ID I D GE G E

Ba B ac ck kg gr ro ou un nd d c cR Ri it te er ri ia a f fo or r t th he e I ID De en nt ti if fi ic ca at ti io on n o of f G Gr r ou o un nd dw w at a te er r th t hr rE Es sh ho ol ld ds s

Research for Policy Support

D5: Reference overview of EU-funded research, national reports and literature relevant to environmental threshold values in European

groundwater

Due date of deliverable: June 2005 Actual submission date: 13 July 2005 The deliverable authors are responsible for the content

Start date of the project : 1 January 2005 Duration : 2 years

AUTHOR: Pieter-Jan VAN HELVOORT

AFFILIATION: University of Oxford (mainly working from TNO) ADDRESS: P.O. Box 80.015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands

TEL.: +31-(0)30-256.4826 EMAIL: phelv@ouce.ac.uk FURTHER AUTHORS:

Revision [1]

Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissimination level

PU Public X

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1. Introduction

The BRIDGE Reference Base (RefBase) is one of the main deliveries (D5) and was produced within WP1. It contains about 650 references about five main subjects:

1. geochemical processes and controls 2. groundwater – surface water interaction 3. groundw. sampling/ monitoring practices 4. ecotoxicological effects

5. analytical practices

The RefBase will serve as a basis for the final report of WP 1 (D6), but will be accessible for all other workpackages. The references have been collected through a questionnaire sent out to all BRIDGE partners (with emphasis on WP1 partners). The response has been collected by the Oxford partners, and merged into the RefBase. The references include articles in peer reviewed journals, open file reports, PhD theses, and other documents. The RefBase has been designed for and built in Endnote (a library software package) offering excellent automated search facilities and the possibility for automatic bibliography

generation. There is an Excel version available, but searching may be limited and layout is not well defined.

2. Contributors to the BRIDGE RefBase

Table 1 gives an overview of the input received from the BRIDGE partners. All WP 1 partners are listed whether or not input was received from them, and other BRIDGE partners were listed only if they contributed to the RefBase. Table 1 shows that the input varies

considerably among the partners. As a consequence, the RefBase is not equally

representative for all main subjects; references on “geochemical processes and controls” and

“monitoring practices” and “ecotoxicological effects” are best represented.

Table 1. Questionnaire response to date 7^th of July 2005

Partner Country References

Oxford Centre for Water Research* UK 300

TNO* Netherlands 120

Hessisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie/

Forschungszentrum Jülich*

Germany 70

AGH (University of Science and Technology)* Poland 35 Instituto Geologico y Minero de España Spain 35

Office International de l'Eau France 35

UT (Insitute of Geology) Estonia 25

NAGREF-Land Reclamation Institute Greece 20

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Denmark 15 SYKE (Finnish Environment Institute)* Finland 1

EA (Environment Agency) UK expected

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ULG (L'Université de Liège) Belgium expected BME (Budapest University of Technology)* Hungary none BRGM (Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières)* France none * WP1 partners.

3. Main structure of the BRIDGE RefBase

The structure of the RefBase is very simple, and has been designed in Endnote. It is summarised in Table 2, showing simply the data fields and their contents. The data fields host all information collected from the questionnaires and have been filled in as much as possible for each single reference. Using the search facilities of Endnote, it is easy to find references by subject, type, substance category, language, keyword, or even who has brought in the reference. Table 2 also gives estimations per field for what percentage of the references it has been filled in. For most documents referring to field studies, there is a reference to its location on the country level in field “Custom 5”, which may be different from the source country named in field “Custom 1”. Note the high rate of abstracts directly

available in the database, and URL to full text PDFs, mostly available through ScienceDirect.

It will be dependent on what agreement your institution has with ScienceDirect if you have direct access to the full text PDF.

Table 2. Data fields and their properties

Field Name Coverage Field contains Sub fields or (!) remarks Call Number 100% Unique reference number

Custom 1 100% Source (= person who provided

the information) name

institute country

Custom 2 ~100% Subject category geochemical processes and controls groundwater – surface water interaction groundw. sampling/ monitoring practices ecotoxicological effects

analytical practices

Custom 3 100% Type category field study

laboratory study review or summary other

Custom 4* 100% Substance category* WFD pollutants*

priority substance*

emerging contaminants*

groundwater biota*

other non-contaminating substances*

Custom 5 80% Geographic location in case of

field study country

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Deliverable 5 4

Aquifer properties in case of

aquifer study geological age of deposits hydrogeology

hydraulics (porous, fissured, dual, karstic) geomorphological setting

main land use

Custom 6 100% Language (!) most are English

Year ~100% Publication year

Title ~100% Title of study

Author ~100% Authors (!) sometimes limited to first 3

Type of Work ~100% Journal/book/report title

Volume 90% Volume (!) sometimes contains publisher

Sec. Author N.A. Editors

Pages ~100% page numbers

URL 50% URL to Abst./ full text document (!) URL ScienceDirect Abstract 50% Abstract text

Keywords** 90% Keywords** (!) max 5 keywords have been specified**

*see Appendix 1 for elaborated substance list per category

** see Appendix 2 for complete list of used keywords

4. How to use the Endnote RefBase

Although a reference search in the Endnote database is very simple, it is good to have some understanding of its data structure. Therefore it is recommended to have a look at Table 2, so you know how the references have been ordered and labelled. Again, realise that the records have been labelled with keywords, and have been categorised on “Source”,

“Subject”, “Type”, “Substance”, and even “Field site properties” where applicable. Including or excluding fields will improve the results, depending on what you are after. Please note that the full list of substances according to substance category is in Appendix 1, and a full list of keywords that have been used is in Appendix 2.

5. General search in Endnote

Endnote offers excellent and flexible user-defined reference searching. The simplest way - and probabely the most effective - is to retrieve references by just typing words or word fragments in the search box. To set up a search, choose References > Search References.

In the search dialog you are able to define your search criteria by:

1. specifying a search parameter. The default search parameter = “contains”, which means that all references containing the text fragment you type in the empty box right below will be retrieved. E.g, if you choose “Any Fields” (default) and you type “pesticide”, all references containing the word “pesticide” in any data field will be retrieved, including those having “pesticides”. You are able to restrict your search to the exact text fragment by ticking “Match Case” and/or “Match Words”. The other search parameters are logical expressions;

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searched, but you could specify the fields that should be searched and combine them with Boolean expressions (OR; AND; NOT). Use Table 2. while specifying fields to be included or excluded;

3. if you want to keep the results, you need to create a new Endnote file (File > New), select the references of your search (<Ctrl+A>), and copy them in the new file (<Ctrl+V>);

4. if you want to refine your search, just go back to the Search dialog box and add a new search statement. You may need to insert extra search field by clicking “Add Field”;

5. if you want to save your search instructions, press “Save Search” and your search commands will be saved to a file so you could easily run them again;

6. if you start a new search, you will loose the previous one;

7. if you want to go back to the complete list of references, choose References > Show all References.

6. Examples of searches

1. search for all field studies from UK. Specify search: Field = “Custom 3” (Type

category) contains “Field study” AND Field = “Custom 5” (Field site location & properties) contains “UK”. The result is +/-30 records. Note that if you choose “UK” in “Any Field”, you will get all references brought in by the UK partner. This may not exactly be what you want;

2. search all references about Boron. You might combine four fields: Field = “Any Field”

contains “Boron” OR Field = “Any Field” contains “boron” OR Field = “Any Field” contains

“B” NOT Field = “Author” contains “B”; tick “Match Case” and “Match Word”. The result is +/- 20 records. Note that the “Author” field needs to be excluded, as many authors have

“B” as one of their initials. This artefact needs to be excluded, obviously.

7. Further tips for searching the RefBase

1. take advantage of the categorised data to narrow your search by using the term lists:

“Topic category”, Type category”, “Source”, “Substance category”, or “Field site location &

properties”. Check the term lists by (Tools > Open Term Lists) to find terms that have been used in a data field. For instance, it could be useful to know if there are any field studies from Hungary anyway, before you start searching them.

2. if you are looking for short text fragments or single letters (like the “B” standing for “Boron”

in example 2), then it is best to include the “Title”, “Abstract”, and “Keyword” fields only.

This way you avoid artefacts arising from interferrence with other fields.

STATUS, CONFIDENTIALITY AND ACCESSIBILITY

Status Confidentiality Accessibility

S0 Approved/Released x PU public Work-space x

S1 Reviewed PP Restricted to other programme participants(including the Commission Services) x Internet

S2 Pending for review RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission

Services) Paper x

S3 Draft for comments CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

APPENDICES

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Deliverable 5 1

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