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Soils Newsletter Vol. 23, No. 2, January 2001 | IAEA

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ISSN 1011-2650 A Publication of the Soil and

Water Management &

Crop Nutrition Sub-Programme of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and

Agriculture and FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, Seibersdorf International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria

Vol. 23, No.2 January 2001

Please visit our Web-site at the following URL:

http://www.iaea.org/programmes/nafa http://www.iaea.org/programmes/nafa/d1

http://www.fao.org

A. TO OUR READERS ...1

B. STAFF ...3

C. FUTURE EVENTS ...4

D. PAST EVENTS ...11

E. STATUS OF CO-ORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECTS ...23

F. NEW FAO/IAEA CO-ORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT ...27

G. LABORATORY ACTIVITIES ...31

H. PUBLICATIONS ...37

I. FROM OUR READERS ...38

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