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Zero Overhead Java Thread Migration

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(1)Zero Overhead Java Thread Migration Sara Bouchenak, Daniel Hagimont. To cite this version: Sara Bouchenak, Daniel Hagimont. Zero Overhead Java Thread Migration. [Research Report] RT0261, INRIA. 2002, pp.33. �inria-00069913�. HAL Id: inria-00069913 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00069913 Submitted on 19 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Zero Overhead Java Thread Migration Sara Bouchenak and Daniel Hagimont. N° 0261 Mai 2002 THÈME 1. ISSN 0249-0803. apport technique.

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