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مظاهر الانسجام الصوتي في القرآن الكريم (سورة مريم) أنموذجا

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Academic year: 2021

Partager "مظاهر الانسجام الصوتي في القرآن الكريم (سورة مريم) أنموذجا"

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ﻢﺴﻗ : ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ

ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻴﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻴﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻴﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻴﺘﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻦ ﻦ ﻦ ﻦ : : : : ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﺇ :::: * ﺓﺯﻴﺎﻓ ﻱﺩﻴﻌﺴ * ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﻱﺯﻋ * ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫ ﻱﻭﻼﻤﺤ

2013/2012

ﰐﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﻣ

ﱘﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺁﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ

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ﱘﺮﻣ ﺓﺭﻮﺳ

(

ﺎﺟﺫﻮﳕﺃ

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ﺭﻜﺸﻨ ﻲﺘﻠﻴﻤﺯ ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﺎﺒ : -لﺠ ﻭ ﺯﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺭ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻩﻻﻭﻠﻓ ،ﻪﻘﻠﺨ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﺯﻴﻤ ﻭ لﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻌﻨﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﺭﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﺒﺘﻜ ﻭ ﻡﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻠﻬﻨ ﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻨ ﻥﻜﻨ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﻤﻠﻌﺘ ﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﻗﻭﻔﺘ ﻭ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﻠﻋ ﺭﺤﺒ ... ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﷲ ﺔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ لﻀﻔﻝﺎﻓ . ﺭﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻑﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ) ﺩﻴﺸﺭ ﻱﺯﻋ ( ﻥﺴﺤ ﻭ ﻪﻔﻁﻠﺒ ﻪﻌﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺴﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻁ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺭﻴﺨ ﻭ ﻑﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﻴﺨ ﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﺨ ﺕﻨﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ،ﻪﺘﻠﻤﺎﻌﻤ . ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻙﻝ ﻥﻷ ﻲﺘﻬﺠﻭﻤ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻘﻴﺩﺼ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﻜ ﺩﻗ ،ﻲﺘﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﺎﻴ ﺕﻨﺃ ﻙﺭﻜﺸﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻴ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻙﺭﻜﺸﺃ ،ﻪﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺠﺤ ﻊﻀ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺄﻓ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺍﻭﻫ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﺩﻴﺠ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﺒ ﺀﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ ﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝ ﻰﻨﻤﺘﺃ ﻭ . ﺎﻴ ﻙﺭﻜﺸﻨ ﻭ ﺏﻝﺎﻁ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ ، ﺕﺨﺃ ﺎﻴ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻭ ﻙﺭﻜﺸﻨ ،ﺔﻌﺌﺍﺭ ﺎﻴ ﻭ ﺔﺒﻴﺒﺤ ﺎﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﻭ ﻙﻝ : ﻙﺒﺤﻨ ﻥﺤﻨ .

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ﺱﺎﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺌﺍﺩﻫﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺇ ﺏﺤﺃ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻻ ﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺩﻫﺃ ،ﺏﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ لﺯﺎﻨﻤ ﻲﺴﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻝ . ﻥﺎﻨﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ ،ﷲﺍ ﻪﻅﻔﺤ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺨﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭ لﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺃ ،ﺽﺒﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺏﻴﻁ ﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺼﺃ ﻊﺒﻨ ﻭ ﺏﻀﻨﻴ ﻻ . ﻲﺘﻭﺨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ : ﻌﺴ ،ﺭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻤﻋﺍ ،ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ،ﺢﺘﺎﻓ ،ﻡﻴﻜﺤ ،ﺩﻴﻤﺤ ،ﻲﻠﻋ ،ﺩﻴ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﺃ . ﻲﺘﺍﻭﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ : ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤ ،ﺓﺭﻭﻨ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺭﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ ،ﺓﺩﻭﻌﺴﻤ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻤﺠ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴ ،ﺔﻤﺠﻨ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻨ . ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ : ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺴ ،ﺓﺯﻴﺎﻓ ﺔﺒﻴﺘﺭ ، ﻭ ﺔﺠﻴﺩﺨ . ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫ ﻱﻭﻼﻤﺤ .

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ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤﺒ ﹰﺍﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺔﻠﺤﺭ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻜﻹﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻔﻗﺄﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺭﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﻠﻠﻜﻴ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﻭﺸﻤ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﺒ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺭﻜ ﻭ ﻪﹼﻨﻤ ﻭ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﺤﺎﺠﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﻓﺎ ﻡﻬﺴ ﻪﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻊﻤ ﻩﺭﻁﺎﺸﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺴﺎﻗﺃ لﺒ ﻲﻝ ﺎﺼﻝﺎﺨ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻲﻠﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺨﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻴﻬﺠ ﺩﻬﺠ ﻭ لﻤﻋ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺘﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﻱﺩﻫﺄﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻓ : -ﻥﻴﻠﻀﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻝﺍﻭ . -ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻲﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻨﺴ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺨﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻝﻭﺼﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ لﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ : ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻜﺤ ،ﺭﺎﻤﻋ . -ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﻘﺸ ،ﻲﺒﻠﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ : ﺔﺒﻴﺒﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜ ،ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺴ ،ﻰﻠﻴﻝ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻌﻨ . -ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻰﻠﺤﺃ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺤﺎﻴﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ : ﺩﺒﻋ ﻭ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﺱﻨﻭﻴ ،ﻱﺩﻬﻤ ،ﺀﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﺴﺃ ،ﺭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻘﻌﻴ ﺏﻴﻬﺼ ﻭ . -ﻲﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻬﺒ ﻭﻠﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﺩﺼ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ : ،ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺭ ،ﺔﺒﻴﺘﺭ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺤ ﺡﺎﺒﺼ ﺓﺭـــﻴﺠﻫ ﻭ . -ﺃ ﺭﻴﺨ ﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻫ ﺭﻴﺨ ﻥﻜ ﻲﺘﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﺎﻘﻴﻓﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺎﺤﺼ : ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻲﺠﺍﺭﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺤ ﻕﺭﻴﺯ ،ﺔﺒﻴﺘﺭ ﻡﺎﹼﻠﺴ ،ﻡﻼﺤﺃ ﺢﺸﺍﻭ ،ﺏﻝﺎﻁ ﺔﻨﻴﻤﺃ ،ﻱﻭﻼﻤﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻫﺫ . ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﺓﺯﻴﺎﻓ

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أ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻩﻼﻋ ﻲﻓ ّلﺠ ﷲﺍ ﻭﻫ ﹼﻕﺤﺒ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍ لﺠﺃ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ ، ﻩﺅﺎﻤﺴﺃ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﺕﻜﺭﺎﺒﺘ ﻭ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺒﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﺴ ﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ : ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺝﺍﺭﺨﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ،ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﹸﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﺒ " ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ " ﻭﺃ " ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ " ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺕﻼﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺅﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﻴﻝ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻼﻝ ﹰﺎﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ . ﺕﺤﺘﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ،لﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ،ﻡﺎﻏﺩﻹﺍ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺸﻹﺍ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻹﺎﻜ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻝ ... ﻥﻴﺘﻬﺠ ﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻬﺠﺘﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻭ : ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ : ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ لﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺅﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺩﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺼﻓ ﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﻅﻋ ﹶﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺍﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺘﻘ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺩ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺕﻭﺼﻠﻝ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ لﻫ ﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺱﺭﺠ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺕﻌﻗﻭ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻠﻝ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ لﻫﻭ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻥﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ .

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ب ﻤﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻥﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘِﻝ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎ ﻰﻋﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻘﺘ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ) ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻐﺒ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ . ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻤﻏ ﺽﻭﺨﻝ ﺎﻨﺘﺯﹼﻔﺤ : 1 / ﺓﺭﺍﺭﺤ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﺕﺒﺼﻨﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻠﻝ لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻏﺎﻨﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﺤ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺩﺎﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ لﻜﻝ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﺎﻓ ،ﻪﻌﻁﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﺎﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤ ﻡﻅﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺍﺭﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺎﻫﺭﺒ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﻤﺜ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﺤﻀﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ّلﺠ ﻭ ﺯﻋ ﷲﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﻻﻭﻝﺩﻤ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺯﺠﻌﻤ ﺎﻋﺍﺩﺒﺇ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻌﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺒ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻗﺎﺒﻋ ﺵﻫﺩﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻤﻏﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺄﺒ ﺓﺯﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻ ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤ ﺎﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻼﻜ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻻ ﺎﻨﻨﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺭﺜﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻ ﻡﻴﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﻼﻜ . 2 / ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﻜﻝ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺯﻴﻔﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻴﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﻔﻝﺂﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ . 3 / ﺏﻠﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻗﺭﻔﺘﻤ ﺎﺜﻭﺜﺒﻤ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ

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ت ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﺤﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻭ ﻼﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ ﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ . 4 / ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﻜ ) ﻊﻁﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻐﻨﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ، ( ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ) ﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨ ( ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺎﺤﻝﺈﺒ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺡﺭﻁﺘ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ : 1 ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ؟ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ ؟ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻯﺩﻤ ) ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ .( 2 -؟ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ؟ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ 3 -ﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ-ﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌ-ﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠ-ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻀﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻼﻝ ﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﻭﺭﻌ ؟ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ 4 ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ لﻫ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ؟ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻫﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺭﻨ ﺎﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷ ﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﻭ : ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﺒ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ : ﺘ ﻑﻭﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻹﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻭﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻌﻠﻁ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﺒ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ . ﻭ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻪﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻤﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﺘﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﻭ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ .

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ث ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺎﹼﻨﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ) ﺔﻤﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ( ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﻡﺩﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﺩﻔﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺎﻨﺜﺤﺒ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻯﻭﺩﻓ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺴﻸﻝ ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ " ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﺜﺃ " لﻜﺒ ﺕﻤﻝﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ، ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻨﺼ ﻭ ﻤﹼﻅﻨﻤ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻭ ،ﺔ " ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ( " ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻠﻝ : ،ﻭﺸﻴ ﻥﺒ ﻲﻝﻼﻴﺠ ﻡﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺸﺇ ﻭ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ لﻜ ﻑﹼﻨﺼ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻭ ،ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻭ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﻔﹼﻨﺼ " ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ " ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ : ﻡﻝﺎﺴ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻲﻨﺒ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻼﹺﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ . ﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻭ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺽ ﺕ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ،ﺎﻨﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻡﺩﺨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻲﻫ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ : لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ) ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ( ، ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻀﺭﻋ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ : ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ) ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ( -ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ -ﺎﻨﻤﺴﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔ ﻲﻫ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﺘﺌﺎﺼ ﻭ ﺔﺘﻤﺎﺼ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﺜ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺯﻨ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ، ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ) ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ( ﻥﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﺎﻨﻤﺴﻘﻓ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ :

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ج لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ،ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻭ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺜ ، ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﺜ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ ﺎﻨﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻭ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﻘﻨ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻭ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﺜ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺱﻜﻋ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺜ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻬﺠﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻼﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ) ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ ( ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺍﺫﻫ ،لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﻭ . ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﻤﺠﻤ ﻭ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ . ﺓﺭﺜﻜﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﻜﺭﺩﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻭ ﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺝﺭﺩﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ ﻭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﹼﻝُﺃ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺴ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﻙﻔﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻭ ﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﻭﻏﺃ ﺭ . ﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ ﷲﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺠﺭﻨ ﻭ ﺱﻨﺎﺴﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺎﻨﻤﺩﻗ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻭ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻝﺂﺘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ . ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﺒ ﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺭﻜﺸﻨ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﺩﻬﺠ . لﺎﺤ لﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ .

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ـﻴﻬﻤﺘ

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1 ــــﻴﻬﻤﺘ : ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﺤ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻩﻭﻤﻨ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻴﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﺘ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻀﺤﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺤﺘ ﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ـ ﻩﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘ ﻭ ﻪ ﻭ ﺘﺒ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻪﻴﻗﺭﺒ ﻰﻗﺭﺘﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﻁ ﻭ ﺎﺒ ﹼﻁﺤﻨﺘ ﻪﻁﺎﻁﺤﻨ 1 . لﺎﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺩﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﹼﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ّلﻌﻝﻭ : " ﺩﺤ ﻡﻬﻀﺍﺭﻏﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻭﻗ لﻜ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ " 2 ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﺎﻤ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﺩﻠﺨ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ : " ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻝ لﻌﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻹ ﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺌﺸ ." 3 ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻝ ﻲﻁﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ . ﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ . 4 ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﻋ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺘﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻭ ﺎ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ،ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻩﺭﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹ ﺎﻌﻗﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻓﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺍﻭﻫﻸﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺤﻷ ﺩﺒﻻ،ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤ،ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺭﻁﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺠ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻑﻗﻭ . ﻭ ﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺍﺫﻜﻫ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﺔ ﻨﺎﻜ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﺕ ﻭ لﻴﺠﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺫﺇ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ لﺒ،ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠ ﺩﻗ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ : 1 ﺏﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ، ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ ، ﻕﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻫﺯ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﻅ 2 1981 ﺹ 35 . 2 ﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺝ 1 ﺢﺘ ، ﺭﺼﻤ،ﻡﺩ،ﻥﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ،ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 1952 ﺹ 33 . 3 ،ﺭﺼﻤ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ،ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ،ﻥﻭﺩﻠﺨ ﻥﺒﺍ 1328 ﻫ ـ ﺹ 254 . 4 ﺀﺍﺭﻫﺯ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ،ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻨﻬﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﺤ ﻁ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ،ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ 1 2005 ﺹ، 372 -384 .

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2 ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ " Assimilation ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗﻭ، : Dissimilation ﻭﻋﺩﻴﻓ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ لﺜﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻋﺎﺒﺘ ﺩ. ﻑﻠﺘﺄﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻐﻝ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻓ ﹼﻝﺅﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻑ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ . 1 ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺏﻴﺭ ﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻘﻁﺎﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻁﻨ لﻬﺴ ﺔﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﻤﺀﺍﻭﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﻌﺘﻴ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻼﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﻩﻭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻡﺯﻠﻴ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺭﻭﻔﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ . ﺄﺠﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﺒﻌﺼ ﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺠﺴﻨﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﺒ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻤﺴﻴﻭ 2 ،ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﺜﺄﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ، ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺩﺘ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻰﹼﺘﺸ ﹰﺍﺭﻭﺼ ﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﻭ،ﻪﻠﺒﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻠﺜﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﹰﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ 3 ﻲﻫ ﻭﺃ، " ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻼﺜﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻨﻭﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﹰﺎﻴﻠﻜ " 4 . ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻭﻋﺩﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴﻝ لﺜﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻭﻋﺩﺘ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴﻝ ﻑﻝﺎﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ . ،ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ﻫ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﻲ : ﺩﺤﺃ لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﹰﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻭ لﻘﹼﺜﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﻨﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻼﻝ . " ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻋﺍﺩﻝﺎﻓ ﻭﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﺘﻭ،ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺘﻌﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺩ . 1 ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ، ﻥﺤﻝ ﺹ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ 36 2 ﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ،ﺱﻴ ﻁ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ 5 ، 1975 ﺹ ، 126 . 3 ﺍﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝ ﻁ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺀﺎﻌﻨﺼ ﺭﺍﺩ،لﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ،لﻴﻠﺠﻝﺍ 1،1418 ـﻫ / 1998 ﺹ 283 . 4 ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﺏﺘﻜ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻁ 3 1405 ـﻫ / 1985 ﺹ 378 .

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3 ﻭﺴﻴﻤ ﹰﻼﻬﺴ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﹰﺎﻴﻠﻀﻋ ﹰﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﺩﻔﻨﺘﺴﻴﻝ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻴﻓ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﹰﺎﻴﻠﻀﻋ ﹰﺍﺩﻬﺠ لﺜﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺩﺘﺴﻴ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝﺍ ." ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨﻓ ﻨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﹸﺘ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺠ ﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ،ﺓﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻐﻴﺼ ﺏﺎﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺢﻨﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻠﻝ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ لﺎﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺠﺎﻨﻝﺍ . 1 ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻬﺠﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻝ ﻲﻫ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ . ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻝﺄﺘ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻌﺒﺎﺘﺘ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻁﻌﻴﻝ ﺩ لﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ . ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺎﻓ ﻝﺍ ﹼﻝﺫﻴ ﻲﺘﻭﺼ ﹼﻠﻘﻴ ﻭ ل ﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺴﻜﻴ ﻭ ل ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺭﺴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘ ، ﺘﻓ ﺘ ،ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﺜﺄ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻬﺒﺭﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﻴﻝ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ،ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﺒ ﻡﺅﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ . ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﻹﺎﻜ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒﻝ ﻲﻠﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻗﺃ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻘﺸﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ ﹴﺭﺴﻴﺒ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﻋ 2 . 1 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ،ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ 145 . 2 ،ﺭﺘﺴﻴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ،ﻱﺭﺤﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﻭﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ،ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﻀﺨﻝ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ -ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ 2009 / 2010 ﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ، ،ﺔﻤﺎﻤﻋﻭﺒ ﺩ ﺹ 12 .

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4 ﻭ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻁﻭﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ،ﻊﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺠﻭ : " ﻭﻫﻭ ﻱﺃ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻠﺨﻝ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﺤﺘﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻩ ﺩﺤﺘﻜ ﹰﺍﺭ ،ﻡﺠﺴﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝ ﺩﺎﻜﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﹼﻗﹺﺭﺒ لﻬﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺔﺒﻭﺫﻋ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻪﻠﻜ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ "... 1 ﻘﻋ ﺏﻠﺴ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻬﻝﻭ ﻪﻤﻅﻨ ﻭ ﻪﻨﺎﻴﺒﺒ ﻡﻬﺴﻭﻔﻨ ﺭﺴﺃ ﻭ ،ﻡ ﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺴ ﺕﻠﻤﺘﻜﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺁ لﻭﺯﻨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺱﻭﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺯﻫ ﻭ ، ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﺒ لﺯﻨﺃ ،ﺯﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﻓ ﻡﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻴﻌﺘ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻭ ،ﻊﻓﺎﻨ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺫﺸﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻬﻝﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺯﺎﺠﻋﺇ ﻥ ﻙﻼﺘﻤﺍ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎﻌﻁﻗ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻤﻝ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺼ لﻤﺠﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﺠﻌﻤ . لﻭﺎﺤ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺱﻤﻠﺘ ﻙﻠﻤﻨ ﻻ ﹰﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺤﻠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻯﻭﺴ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻼﺘﺌﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻅ ﺭﺴﺄﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑ ﻭ لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﺫﻭﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﻭ ﻊﺘﻤﻴ : " ﹰﺎﻓﻼﺘﺌﺍ ﻭ ﹰﺎﻗﺎﺴﹼﺘﺍ ﺩﺠﺘﺴ ﻪﻠﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﹼﺘﺭ ﻭﻝ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻐﻨﺄﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻋﺭﺘﺴﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻌﻤﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻋﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﺘ ﻻ ﺭﺨﺁ ﹰﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﺩﺠﺘﺴ ﻭ ،ﺭﻌّﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺄﺒ ﻻ ﻭ ﺭﻌﱟﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻﻭ ."... ّلﻌﻝ ﻭ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﺴﺘﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻅﺤﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻭﺩﺭﻴ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺇ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨﻤ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﻀﻭﺃ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻰﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺅﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﺤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﺎﻤ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺘﻓ ﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻋﻭﻨﻤ ﹰﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﻤﺴﹸﻗ ﻱﺫ . ﺓﺯﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﹼﻝﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﻓ ﺓﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻭﺃ ﹰﺎﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﺌﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﻨﻭﹼﻝﻭﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻭﺒﺼﻴ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﺃ . ﺩﻴﻭﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﻭ ﺔﺤﻴﺸﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺴﺭﻠﻝ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﻴﺭﺒﺠ ﻩﺃﺭﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ﹰﺎﻴﺩﻨ ﹰﺎﻀﻏ ﻪﺘﻭﻼﺘ ﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ 1 ،ﻲﻁﻭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ لﻼﺠ ،ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﻹﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺏ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ . ،ﻁ ﺏ . ﺝ ،ﺏ 2 ﺹ 87 .

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5 ﺩﻤﺤﻤ " ﻡﹼﻠﺴ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﹼﻠﺼ " ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺭﻏ ﻻ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ،ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻫ ﺙﻴﺤ لﻭﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻪﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻼﺴ ﻥﺇ ﺭﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻺﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻭﻤﻴﺩ 1 . ﺽﻌﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻔﻨﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻨﹼﻨﺇ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﺒ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻠﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺃ ،ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺓﺭﺜﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻴﻤﻠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﺤﻻ ﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻭ ،ﻑﻫﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ . ﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻭ لﻴﻠﺨ ﻱﺩﻴﻫﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻥﺒ ﺩﻘﻓ ، ﺏﺘﺭ ﻪﻤﺠﻌﻤ ) ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﺭﻜﺫ ﻡﺜ ،ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺎﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﺤﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺴﺤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻡﺜ ،ﻲﹼﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺔﻤﹼﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻡﺜ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻩﺃﺩﺒ ﺎﻤ لﻤﻜﺄﻓ،ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻩﺫﻴﻤﻠﺘ ﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﻬﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻑﹼﻨﺼ ﺩﻘﻓ ،لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺼﺒ ﻪﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫ ﺎﻤﻫ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ : ﺴ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺭ ﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ 2 . ﺽﻌﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻘﺒ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺴﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻨﺜ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻬﻤﺠﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺌﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ . ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻴﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﻩﺅﺩﺒﻴ ﺩﻴﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻌﻝ ﻡﻅﻨ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ لﻜ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ لﻌﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﺒ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺯﺠﻝ " ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ." ﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻑﻝﺂﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺽﺭﻌ ﻭ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻤ ﺍﻭﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ، ﺢﻠﻁﺼ " ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ " ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻭ ، 1 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻡﺎﺴﺤ ﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻨﻬ . ﺹ 73 . 2 ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻯﻭﺩﻓ ،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﻡ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺭﺇ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ " ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ " ﻁ ، 1 . 1432 / 2011 ﺹ ، 2 .

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6 ﺕ ﻊﺒﺼﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ) 654 ـﻫ ( ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ : " ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻌﺸ ﺭﺜﻨ ﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﺇ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ " ﻪﻀﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ، ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ . ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻁﺨ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻌﺒﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺒ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺕﻻﻵﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤ ﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﺃ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺭﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ 1 . ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ، ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ " ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ " ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺢﻀﻭ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤ ﻥﻋ ،ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻫ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻡﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻫ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ : " ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ " ﻭ" ﻤ ﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﻘ " ﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺁ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼ 2 . ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ) ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ( "، ﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﺴﺤ ﻥﺎ ﻲﻓ ﺘﻜ ﺎ ﻪﺒ " ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ " ﻭ" ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﻤ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ "، ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ " ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻭ ، " ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ." ﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻝﺂﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺄﺸﻨﺘ لﺼﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻭ ﻊﻁﻘﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺁ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻡﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺘﻗﻭﺒﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤ ﻑﻭﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﺼﺍﻭﻓ ﺼﻤ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺔﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﺒ ﻭ ﻭﺠ ﻊﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻼﺠ ﺎﻫﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻕﺴﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺄﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﻴ ﻱﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻻ ﻥﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝ ... ﹼﺘﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻭ ﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺫﺨ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻌﻠﻁﺘﻝ ﹰﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻡ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺝﺯﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻡﺎﻬﻠﺘﺴﻻ ﺩﻫﺍﻭﺸ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ 1 ﺭﺜﺃ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻯﻭﺩﻓ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﻻﺍ ﺹ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ 2 . 2 ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 6 .

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7 ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﹼﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺩﺼﺭﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﻪﺠ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝ ﺓﺭﹼﺨﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﻜﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺸﻻ ﻭ ﻊﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﺱﺭﺤﻴ ﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻭ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺎﺒ ﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤ ﻭﻫ ، ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﻓ ،ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﻓ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻷ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺃ ﻭ ﻪﻴ . ﻻ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺒﺍﺭﻏ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻭﻴ 1 . ﺎﻤﺒ ﻭ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻭ ﻪﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺠﻌﻤ ﻡﻼﻜ ،ﻪﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﻭ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺯﺎﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺁ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﺌﺍﺭ ﹰﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻭ ،ﻩﺭﻭﺴ ﻉﺎﻘﻴﻹﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺁ ﻡﺘﺍﻭﺨ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﺍﻭﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ّلﻌﻝ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻏﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺯﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺅﻼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩ ﺭﻴﺨ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻏﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺠ ﻊﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﺇ ﻭﻫ ،ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ 2008 ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻉﺎﻤﺴ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺕﻠﻫﹸﺫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻡ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﻴﺒﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺕﻨﺘﹸﻓ ﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠ ﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﻭ ﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﺘ ﻻ ،ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﺕﻨﻠﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﺠﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﺇ ﻭﻫﻭ . 1 ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺥﺭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺁﺭ 1 ، 2000 ﺹ ، 73 -74 .

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لﺼﻔﻝﺍ

لﻭﻷﺍ

:

ـﻴﻫﺎـﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ

لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻡﻴﺭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ

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9 لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ 1 -ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ : ﺔﻐﻝ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ : ﺕﻝﻭﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻗ ﻭ ،ﻻﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ لﺒ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﺭﺜﺁ ،ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻭﺘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﹺﺠﻭ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﺄﺸ " ﺕﻭﺼ " ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ لﺎﻗ : " ﻙﻴﹾﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺼﹾﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺃ ﻥﺇ ،ﻙﺘﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻀﹾﻏﺍ ﻭ ﺭﹶﻜﹾﻨ ﺭﻴﻤﺤﹾﻝﺍ ﹸﺕﻭﺼﹶﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﺼَﻷﺍ ." 1 ﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻜ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﺔ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ . ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﺜﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺈﻓ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻡﺌﺎﻬﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻔﻝ ﺏﻭﺴﻨﻤﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﺤﺒﻗ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﻜﻨﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﻡﻭﻤﺫﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻭﺼ ﻥﻷ ،ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺭﻴ . 2 ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺕﺯﺠﻭﺃ ﻭ ﺕﻤﻀﻗ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻔﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ : ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ ﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﻻﺃ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ﻡﺩﻗﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻭ لﺎﻗ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺀﺎﺠ ،ﻱﺩﻴﻫﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻥﺒ لﻴﻠﺨﻠﻝ : " ،ﺕﺎﺼ ،ﺕﻭﺼﻴ ﺢﺌﺎﺼ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺕﺌﺎﺼ ﻭﻬﻓ ﹰﺎﺘﻭﺼ " ، " ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺼ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻏﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻀ لﻜ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺌﺎﺼ لﺠﺭ ﻭ : ﻥﺴﺤ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺕﻴﺼ لﺠﺭ : ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﻱﺃ . 3 ﻭ ﺎﻤﺃ لﻭﻘﻴﻓ ﺩﻴﺭﺩ ﻥﺒﺍ : ﻡﺯﻠﻴ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻁﺎﻨ لﻜ ﻡﺌﺎﻬﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ . ﺍ ﺕﻭﺼ لﺎﻘﻴ ﺕﻭﺼ ﺕﻌﻤﺴ ﻭ ،ﺭﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹ ﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺭﻴﻌ . 4 1 ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻘﻝ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ 19 . 2 ﺝ ﺭﻴﺴﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻔﺼ ،ﻲﻨﻭﺒﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ 2 ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻡﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، " ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ " ﻁ ، 5 ، 1406 / 1986 ، ﺹ 493 . 3 ﺢﺘ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ،ﻱﺩﻴﻫﺍﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻥﺒ لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ : ﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﺯﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻬﻤ . ، ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻕﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ 1980 ﺹ 146 . 4  ا ة، رد !ا )  # ا $%& ا ( ص، )،  *+ ر,! عر. /0 1 ا 2آ ا، 196

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10 ( ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ : ﺩﻘﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺕﺩﺭﻔﺘ ﺭﺨﺁ : ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ) ﻥ 255 ـﻫ ( لﺎﻘﻓ : " ﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺁ ﻭﻫ ﻴﻁﻘﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻫ ،ﻊ ﻭ ،ﻑﻴﻝﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻪﺒ ﻭ ﻻﺇ ﺍﺭﻭﺜﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻨﻭﺯﻭﻤ ﺎﻤﻼﻜ ﻻ ﻭ ﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﻝ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅﺒ ﻭ ﻑﻴﻝﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻴﻁﻘﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﺇ ﺎﻤﻼﻜ ﻑﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻻ . 1 ﹼﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲ ) ﺕ 392 ﻩ ( ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ : " ﺱﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺨﻴ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻭﻫ ﺼﹼﺘﻤ ﻼﻴﻁﺘﺴﻤ ﻭ ﻡﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﻴ ﻰﹼﺘﺤ ،ﻼ ﺘﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﻴ ﺘ ﻴﻨﺜ ﻪ ﻩﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ . 2 ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻭ : " ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭﻁ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻲﻌﻤﺴ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺍﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺓﺎﻤﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻝﺩﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﺫﺒﺫ ﻭ ﺌﻼﻤ ﻪﺌﺎﻀﻋﺄﺒ ﻡﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺤﺎﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻤ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻙﻴﺭﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻊﻀ ﻭ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﻭﻬﺠﻤ لﺫﺒﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﻴ ﻲﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ." 3 ﻯﺭﻴ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺭﻗ ﺎﻤﻋ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻠﻝ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ : "ﹼﻨﺇ لﻔﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻜﻔﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻪ ،ﻪﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﻭ ﻪﻴﺘﻔﺸ ﻭ ﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻡﻬﻔﻨﻓ ﺎﻨﻨﺍﺫﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﹰﺎﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﻴﻌﻤﺴ ﺍﺭﺜﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ . ﺔﺒﺫﺒﺫ ﺭﻬﻅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻻ ﻲﻌﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻝﺩﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ،ﺭﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺫﻨﺇﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻔﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺴﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺎﻜ ، ﻡﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒﺤﺎﺼﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤﺒ ﺔﻝﺩﻌﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ ﻭ ." 4 1 ﺢﺘ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ،ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ / ،ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 4 ﺹ ، 58 . 2 ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺭﺴ ،ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺢﺘ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ : ﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﻭﺍﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻡ ﻁ ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ، 2 ، 1413 ـﻫ / 1993 ، ﺹ 19 . 3 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ) ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ( ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2000 ، ﺹ 64 . 4 ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ،ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻁ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻀﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2 ، 1394 ،ـﻫ 1974 ﻡ ، ﺹ 7 .

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11 ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻠﻝ ﻥﺎﺴﺤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻭ ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻱﺩﻬﻤ ﻑﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﺼﺘﺨﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻝﻭﻘﺒ : " ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﹰﺎﻋﺎﻀﻭﺃ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ،ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻋ ﹰﺎﻴﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻲﻌﻤﺴ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻨ ." 1 2 / ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ : ﺩﻘﻝ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﹶﻁﹶﺨ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺎﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﻭَﺃ ﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺒ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻻﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﺄﻜ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺸﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺫﺒﺫﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ . ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﹼﻨﺼﻴ ﺎﻤﻫ " ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ " 2 ، ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ " ﺕﻭﺼ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻲﻤﻼﻜ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ." 3 ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺎﻓ : " ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﻼﻓ ،ﺎﻤﻜﺤﻤ ﺎﺴﺎﺒﺤﻨﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺱﺒﺤﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻅﺤﻝ ﺙﺩﺤﻴﻓ ﻩﺍﺭﺠﻤ ﻕﻴﻀﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻑﻴﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻨ ﺱﻔﻨﻝﺍ ." 4 ﻥﺄﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺌﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ : " ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﻡﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻠﺤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﻯﺭﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻨﻴ ﺎﻀﺍﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺠﻤ ﺽﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﻕﺌﺎﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﺎﻨﺎﻴﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﻑﻨﻷﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺎﻋﻭﻤﺴﻤ ﺎﻜﺎﻜﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺠﻤﻝ ﻕﻴﻴﻀﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﺎﺘ ." 5 1 ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﺎﻨﻤ ﻱﺩﻬﻤ 1 ، 1998 ﺹ ، 27 . 2 ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ،ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ 26 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ﻭ ) ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ( ﺹ 73 ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭﻭ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺹ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ 42 . 3 ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ) ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ( ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 1 ، 1962 ﺹ ، 160 . 4 ، ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹ ، 26 . 5 ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺡﻭﺩﻤﻤ ) ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ( ،ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 1998 ﺹ ، 05 .

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12 / ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ " Les consonnes " : ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ لﺜﻤﺘ -ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻨﻭﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻌﺒﺴ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺘﻭﺼ ﻥﻭﺭﺸﻋ : " ،ﺀﺎﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺓﺯﻤﻬﻝﺍ ﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻐﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻝ ،ﺀﺎﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻴﻝﺍ ،لﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻁﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻼﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺒﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻡﻴﺠﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﻀﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ،ﻡﻴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﺜﻝﺍ ،لﺍﺫﻝﺍ ،ﺀﺎﻅﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻴﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺍﺯﻝﺍ ،ﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ." 1 ،ﻥﻭﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻌﺒ ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻕﻁﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﺍﻭﻨﻴﺒ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﺤﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﻬﺴﺈﺒ ﺎﻫﻭﻝﻭﺎﻨ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺭﻤﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﻭﻔﹼﻨﺼ ﻭ . ﺕﻤﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤ : 1 -ﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﻔﺸﻝ : ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﻔﺸ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻭﻔﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﻴﻬ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ : ﻡﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺍﻭﻝﺍ ، ﺱﻴﻝ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺎﻅﻨ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺕﻼﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . 2 -ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻰﻠﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺸﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻨﺴﺃ ﺎﻴﻭﻔﺸ ﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﺘﺸﺘ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻔﻝﺍ . 3 -ﻥﺎﻨﺴﻷﺍ : ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻨﺴﺃ ﻊﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ : لﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻅﻝﺍ . 2 4 -ﺔﺜﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﻨﺴﻷﺍ : ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺒﺴ ﻡﻀﻴ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﺜﻝ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻨﺴﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ : ﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻀﻝﺍ ﻭ لﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﺩ . 5 -ﺔﺜﻠﻝﺍ : ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﻡﻀﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻭﺜﻝ : ﻡﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ . 6 -ﺭﺎﻐﻝﺍ : ﻤﺴﻴ ﻭ ﻴﺭﺎﻏ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻰ ﺎ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ لﻤﺸﺘ ﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ : ﻭ ﻡﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻝﺍ . 3 1 ﻜﻝﺍ ،ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﺘ ﺢﺘ ،ﺏﺎ : ﻋ ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،لﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺎﻫ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺒ 1 ، 1411 ،ـﻫ 1991 ﺝ ، ﻡ 4 ، ﺹ 431 . 2 ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ،ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ 46 . 3 ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ) ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ (، ﺹ 89 -90 .

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