• Aucun résultat trouvé

Reporting Adverse Events: Basis for a Common Representation

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Reporting Adverse Events: Basis for a Common Representation"

Copied!
8
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

!"#$%&'()*+,-"%."*/-"(&.0*

12.'.*3$%*2*4$55$(*!"#%"."(&2&'$(* *

!"#$%&'()*+,-*-./(01$%(02(3,&%45$%./6(/(7#$%(0+--'%8',9:(

.3)()$%;',(79'%;1/(<$%;*+=',/(3)/()$%$>$(

6?'@$,-5'%-(*A(!'>&;$#(B'%'-&;C/(D%&=',C&-1(*A(3,&-&CE()*#+58&$/(<$%;*+=',/(3)/()$%$>$(

:F;E**#(*A(?'%-$#(!'>&;&%'/(D%&=',C&-1($-(3+AA$#*/(GH/(DF7( (

+6.&%27&8*IE'(@,*;'CC(*A($>=',C'('='%-(,'@*,-&%9($&5C(-*(5*%&-*,(-E'(C-$-+C(*A(@$-&'%-C(&%(

;#&%&;$#(-,&$#C(*,(-*(@,*=&>'(*%9*&%9(5*%&-*,&%9(*A(-E'(C$A'-1(*A(&%-',='%-&*%C(*%;'(-E'1($,'(&%(

-E'(5$,4'-2(F+;E(,'@*,-C(E'#@(&>'%-&A1(&CC+'C(J&-E(-,'$-5'%-(C$A'-1($%>('AA&;$;1/($%>($##*J(

A*,(8'--',('>+;$-&*%(*A(E'$#-E(@,$;-&-&*%',C($%>(-E'(9'%',$#(@+8#&;/(+#-&5$-'#1($##*J&%9(+C(-*(

#'$,%( A,*5( *+,( 5&C-$4'C2( K*J'=',( &A( C+;E( ,'@*,-C( $,'( -*( 8'( 5$L&5$##1( +C'A+#/( -E'(

&%A*,5$-&*%(-E'1(;*%-$&%(5+C-(8'(+%$58&9+*+C#1(CE$,'>/(=&$(C-$%>$,>&M$-&*%($%>($;;+,$-'(

>*;+5'%-$-&*%2(I*J$,>C(-E&C('%>/(J'(8,&'A#1(,'=&'J('L&C-&%9(,'@*,-&%9(C-$%>$,>C($%>(-E'%(

>'A&%'(!"#$%&$'$#$()/($C(J'##($C(*-E',(,'#'=$%-(-',5C/(&%($(5$%%',(;*%C&C-'%-(J&-E(-E'(+C'(*A(

-E'(-',5(&%('L&C-&%9(,'@*,-&%9(9+&>'#&%'C2(G*='#($C@';-C(*A(-E&C(J*,4(&%;#+>'($--'%-&*%(-*(-E'(

>&C-&%;-&*%( 8'-J''%( -E'( ;#$CC&A&;$-&*%( *A( $>=',C'( '='%-C( 8$C'>( *%( ,'@*,-&%9( =',C+C( -E'(

@$-E*#*9&;$#( @,*;'CC( -1@'C( -E'1( $--'5@-( -*( 5*%&-*,/( $%>( &%-'9,$-&*%( J&-E( ,'#'=$%-( N3N(

*%-*#*9&'C(-*(5&%&5&M'(,'>+%>$%-(>'A&%&-&*%$#(J*,4($C(J'##($C('%$8#'(&%-'9,$-&*%(*A($>=',C'(

'='%-( ,'@*,-&%9( &%-*( -E'( 8,*$>',( #$%>C;$@'( *A( ,'@,'C'%-$-&*%( A*,( -,$%C#$-&*%$#( 5'>&;&%'2(

O5@#'5'%-$-&*%(*A($(@,*-*-1@'(-E$-(&%;*,@*,$-'C(-E&C($@@,*$;E(&C(>&C;+CC'>(P(-E'(7>=',C'(

Q='%-C(0'@*,-&%9(N%-*#*91(R7Q0NS2( (

9* :(&%$,;7&'$(* (

O%( -E'( ;#&%&;$#( ;*55+%&-1/( $>=',C'( '='%-C(

>'%*-'( $%1( +%-*J$,>( 5'>&;$#( *;;+,,'%;'(

A*##*J&%9( $( 5'>&;$#( &%-',='%-&*%2( 7>=',C'(

'='%-( ,'@*,-&%9( &C( $( 5$T*,( @$,-( *A( ;#&%&;$#(

,'C'$,;E/( $%>( $%( &5@*,-$%-( -**#( -*( &5@,*='(

@$-&'%-( C$A'-12( 31( ;*##';-&%9( $%>( $%$#1M&%9(

$>=',C'('='%-C(J'(;$%(8'--',(+%>',C-$%>($%>(

@,'='%-( -E'5/( $C( J'##( $C( ;*55+%&;$-'( &CC+'C(

$%>('=&>'%;'($5*%9(,'C'$,;E',C/(@*#&;1P5$4',C(

$%>( @+8#&;/( #'--&%9( +C( #'$,%( A,*5/( $%>( -$4'(

$;-&*%( 8$C'>( *%/( *+,( 5&C-$4'C2( K*J'=',/( -E'(

5$%%',(81(JE&;E($>=',C'('='%-C($,'(;#$CC&A&'>(

$%>(,'@*,-'>(>&AA',C(A,*5($9'%;1(-*($9'%;1($%>(

A,*5( -,'$-5'%-( -1@'( -*( -,'$-5'%-( -1@'2(

IE','A*,'/( &%( *,>',( -*( $;E&'='( #$,9'( C;$#'(

&%-'9,$-&*%( *A( ,'@*,-C( *A( $>=',C'( '='%-C/( $(

;$,'A+#($@@,*$;E(-*(-E'&,(,'@,'C'%-$-&*%(5+C-(

8'($9,''>(+@*%2( (

U'( A&,C-( >*;+5'%-( -E'( J&>'C@,'$>(

$9,''5'%-(*%(JE$-($>=',C'('='%-C($,'/(+C&%9(

'L$5@#'C( A,*5( -E'( 3,&9E-*%( )*##$8*,$-&*%(

9+&>'#&%'C( A*,( ,'@*,-&%9( $>=',C'( '='%-C(

A*##*J&%9(&55+%&M$-&*%/($%>($>>,'CC'C(;+,,'%-(

#&5&-$-&*%C( &%( ,'@*,-&%9( C1C-'5C( -E$-( #&5&-(

-E'&,( 'AA';-&='( J&>',( C;$#'( +C'2( 7%( '$,#1(

&5@#'5'%-$-&*%( *A( -E&C( $@@,*$;E( &C( *+,(

7>=',C'(Q='%-C(0'@*,-&%9(N%-*#*91(R7Q0NS2( (

<* 127=)%$;(,* (

*+!)',&'!('!"#$%&$'$#$()-'(

IE'( B+&>$%;'( A*,( )#&%&;$#( F$A'-1( ?$-$(

!$%$9'5'%-V( ?'A&%&-&*%C( $%>( F-$%>$,>C( A*,(

QL@'>&-'>( 0'@*,-&%9( W.X/( >'A&%'C( $%( $>=',C'(

HYHQWDV´$Q\XQWRZDUGPHGLFDORFFXUUHQFHLQ

$( @$-&'%-( *,( ;#&%&;$#( &%='C-&9$-&*%( C+8T';-(

$>5&%&C-','>( $( @E$,5$;'+-&;$#( @,*>+;-( $%>(

JE&;E( >*'C( %*-( %';'CC$,&#1( E$='( -*( E$='( $(

FDXVDO UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK WKLV WUHDWPHQWµ 7KH JXLGH WKHQ DGGV ´$Q DGYHUVH HYHQW $( FDQ -E','A*,'(8'($%1(+%A$=*+,$8#'($%>(+%&%-'%>'>(

C&9%( R&%;#+>&%9( $%( $8%*,5$#( #$8*,$-*,1(

A&%>&%9/( A*,( 'L$5@#'S/( C15@-*5/( *,( >&C'$C'(

-'5@*,$##1( $CC*;&$-'>( J&-E( -E'( +C'( *A( $(

5'>&;&%$#( @,*>+;-/( JE'-E',( *,( %*-( ;*%C&>','>(

UHODWHGWRWKHPHGLFLQDOSURGXFWµ7KH5HSRUW

*A( 7>=',C'( Q='%-( Y*##*J&%9( O55+%&M$-&*%(

R7QYOS( +C',( 9+&>'( W6X( A,*5( -E'( Z+8#&;( K'$#-E(

79'%;1( *A( )$%$>$( RZK7)S( $>E','C( -*( -E&C(

,&%2,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ%LRPHGLFDO2QWRORJ\ā%XIIDOR1<86$

5HSUHVHQWLQJ$GYHUVH(YHQWV:RUNVKRS-XO\

(2)

!"#$%$&$'%( )%!( )!)*&+( $&( #',( -./0( ,"*',&$%12(

´$Q$(),LVDQ\XQWRZDUGPHGLFDORFFXUUHQFH

$%( )( 3)44$%"( 56$46( #'77'5+( $889%$:)&$'%( )%!(

56$46( !'"+( %'&( %"4"++),$7;( 6)3"( )( 4)9+)7(

,"7)&$'%+6$*( 5$&6( &6"( )!8$%$+&,)&$'%( '#( &6"(

YDFFLQHµ(

<'&( !"&)$7"!( $%( &6$+( +&)&"8"%&( $+( &6"(

)!!$&$'%)7(#)4&(&6)&(,"*',&$%1(19$!"7$%"+('#&"%(

*,'3$!"(*,'&'4'7+(#',(!"&",8$%$%1()%!(,"*',&$%1(

&6"( 7$="7$6''!( &6)&( +*"4$#$4( *)&6'7'1$4)7(

*,'4"++"+( 6)3"( '449,,"!>( )%!( &6)&( +946(

*,'&'4'7+()%!(,"*',&$%1(4'%3"%&$'%+(!$##",(#,'8(

?9,$+!$4&$'%( &'( ?9,$+!$4&$'%>( #,'8( $%3"+&$1)&$'%(

&'($%3"+&$1)&$'%>()%!(@;(+;8*&'8()%!(+"3",$&;A(

B6","#',"( )!3",+"( "3"%&+( )+( ,"4',!"!( $%(

,"*',&+>( 4'%&,),;( &'( 56)&( 8$16&( '&6",5$+"( @"(

*,"+9**'+"!>(),"(%'&(%"4"++),$7;(*,'4"++"+>(),"(

%'&(%"4"++),$7;('#(&6"(&;*"(,"*',&+(+);(&6";(),">(

),"( %'&( %"4"++),$7;( 4)9+)77;( ,"7)&"!( &'( &6"(

$%&",3"%&$'%(56$46(7"!(&'(&6"8(@"$%1(,"*',&"!>(

)%!( &6"( &",8+( 9+"!( &'( !"+4,$@"( &6"8( ),"( %'&(

%"4"++),$7;(9%$3'4)7A( (

B6$+(8)&46"+(&6"(9+)1"(8)!"(#',("C)8*7"(

5$&6$%( &6"( D)44$%"( -!3",+"( .3"%&( E"*',&$%1(

F;+&"8( GD-.EFH( IJK>( 56$46( )++",&+( &6)&(

´9$(56 FROOHFWV GDWD RQ DQ\ DGYHUVH HYHQW

#'77'5$%1( 3)44$%)&$'%>( @"( $&( 4'$%4$!"%&)7( ',(

WUXO\FDXVHGE\DYDFFLQHµ(

0%(*),&$497),(5"(!$+&$%19$+6()!3",+"("3"%&(

#,'8()!3",+"(+$!"("##"4&>(56","(&6"(7)&&",($+('#()(

&;*"( !"&",8$%"!( &'( @"( 4)9+)77;( ,"7)&"!( &'( &6"(

$%&",3"%&$'%A( (

0&( $+( )( 1')7( '#( '9,( 5',=( &'( %'%"&6"7"++(

*,'3$!"( )( 4'6","%&( )44'9%&( )%!( 5',=)@7"(

+;+&"8( #',( 8)%)1$%1( &6"+"( ,"*',&+( $%( +946( )(

5);()+(&'(8)C$8$:"(&6"$,(9&$7$&;A( (

!"#$%&'#%&()#'*#%#)#$+*%'#,-'+#(.%(

L9,,"%&( 19$!"7$%"+( IMK( +*"4$#;( &6)&( "3"%&+(

+6'97!( @"( ,"*',&"!( '%( &6"( @)+$+( '#( &6"$,(

&"8*',)7( )++'4$)&$'%( 5$&6( &6"( 8"!$4)7(

$%&",3"%&$'%A(/',("C)8*7">($%(&6"(4)+"('#(-./0+(

!"*"%!$%1('%(G$H(&6"(&;*"('#($889%$:$%1()1"%&(

GJN(!);+()#&",(7$3"(3)44$%"(',(O(!);+()#&",(=$77"!(

',(+9@9%$&(3)44$%"H(',(G$$H(@$'7'1$4)7(8"46)%$+8(

G9*( &'( P( 5""=+( #',( $889%"Q8"!$)&"!( "3"%&+HA(

.3"%(&6'916($%(+'8"(4)+"+>()%!(@)+"!('%(&6"$,(

*",+'%)7("C*",$"%4">(47$%$4$)%+(8);(&6$%=(&6)&(

+'8"()!3",+"("3"%&+(),"(8'+&(*,'@)@7;(4)9+"!(

@;( &6"( $%&",3"%&$'%>( )%!( "3"%( &)="( )4&$'%(

EDVHG WR JXDUG WKH SDWLHQW·V KHDOWK EDVHG RQ

&6$+()++"++8"%&>(&6";(%'%"&6"7"++(89+&(,"*',&(

)%;( "3"%&( '449,,$%1( $%( &6"( ,"+*"4&$3"(

4',,"+*'%!$%1(&$8"(#,)8"A(0%(&6)&(5);>(,"4',!+(

)449897)&"!( #,'8( 8)%;( 47$%$4$)%+( 8);( @"(

,"3$"5"!(@;(+)#"&;(4'88$&&""+>(56","("3$!"%4"(

&'5),!+( 4)9+)7$&;( "+&)@7$+68"%&( 5$77( @"(

,"3$"5"!( )%!( *'7$4;( ,"4'88"%!)&$'%+>( @)+"!(

'%(9%@$)+"!("3$!"%4">(4)%(@"(8)!"A( (

/**0#*% 12+"% 30''#$+% &()#'*#% #)#$+% '#,-'+2$4%

*5*+#6*%(

R6$7"( )77( *,)4&$&$'%",+( )1,""( '%( &6"(

$8*',&)%4"( '#( ,"*',&$%1( )!3",+"( "3"%&+( $%(

$%4,")+$%1( *9@7$4( 6")7&6( +)#"&;>( 49,,"%&(

8"&6'!+(9+"!(#',(+*'%&)%"'9+()!3",+"("3"%&+(

,"*',&$%1( ),"( %'&( +9##$4$"%&>( 8$&$1)&$%1( &6"$,(

9+"#97%"++A( /',( "C)8*7">( &6","( $+( %'(

+&)%!),!$:)&$'%('#(&6"(&",8$%'7'1;(9+"!($%(&6"(

49,,"%&( .7"4&,'%$4( S)&)( L)*&9,"( G.SLH( 9+"!(

@;(TU-L(IVKA(-&(@"+&>()(W"!$4)7(S$4&$'%),;('#(

E"197)&',;(-4&$3$&$"+(GW"!SE-H(IX>(YK(4'!"($+(

DVVLJQHGDIWHUSDUVLQJWKHFOLQLFLDQ·VLQSXWEXW

&6$+(4'!"($+(%'&(7$%="!(&'()%;(!"#$%$&$'%A(B6$+($%(

&9,%( 8);( 7")!( &'( 6"&",'1"%"$&;( $%( &6"(

!$)1%'+"+( ,"4',!"!( ²( *6;+$4$)%+( 8);( 6)3"(

+7$16&7;( !$##","%&( $%&",*,"&)&$'%+( '#( 56)&(

4'%+&$&9&"+( )( +"$:9,"( #',( "C)8*7"A( F"3",)7(

+&9!$"+(6$167$16&(&6"(*'&"%&$)7($++9"+($%(9+$%1(

W"!SE-(#',()!3",+"("3"%&(,"*',&$%1>(,)%1$%1(

#,'8($%)449,)&"(,"*',&$%1()+(+"3",)7(&",8+(),"(

%'%Q"C)4&( +;%'%;8+>( &'( 7)4=( '#( +"8)%&$4(

1,'9*$%1( #")&9,"+( $8*)$,$%1( *,'4"++$%1( $%(

*6),8)4'3$1$7)%4"( IO²ZNKA( -!!$&$'%)77;>( $%(

8)%;(+;+&"8+>('%7;(&6"()!3",+"("3"%&(4'!"()+(

!"&",8$%"!(@;(&6"(+;+&"8(G"A1A(,"+97&$%1(#,'8(

*),+$%1( &6"( &"C&9)7( $%*9&H( $+( +)3"!>( )%!(

$%#',8)&$'%()@'9&(+$1%+()%!(+;8*&'8+(9+"!($%(

&6"( !"&",8$%)&$'%( '#( &6)&( 4'!"( ),"( 7'+&A( B6$+(

7$8$&+(&6"()@$7$&;('#()%)7;+&+(&'(,"3$"5(&6"(+"&(

'#( +;8*&'8+( '@+",3"!( $%( ',!",( &'( "+&)@7$+6( )(

4'%+$+&"%&( !$)1%'+$+A( B6"( ,"+97&)%&( 7)4=( '#(

4'%+$+&"%4;( 7$8$&+( &6"( )@$7$&;( &'( [9",;( )%!(

)++"++( $8*',&)%&( +)#"&;( $++9"+( &6"( ,"+97&$%1(

!)&)+"&+(8$16&('&6",5$+"(+9**',&A( (

-(1"%",)7(,"3$"5('#(+;+&"8+(9+"!($%('&6",(

4'9%&,$"+( *,'3$!"+( +$8$7),( ,"+97&+A( B6"(

-!3",+"(.3"%&(E"*',&$%1(F;+&"8(G-.EFH(IZZK(

)%!( D-.EF( +;+&"8+( 9+"!( $%( &6"( \F( ,"7;( '%(

W"!SE-(&'("%4'!"()!3",+"("3"%&+A(B6";(#'77'5(

&6"( $%&",%)&$'%)7( +)#"&;( ,"*',&$%1( 19$!)%4"(

IZMK( 56$46( +*"4$#$"+2( ´2QO\ WKH 0HG'5$

]'5"+&( ]"3"7( B",8( G]]BH( 8'+&( 47'+"7;(

4',,"+*'%!$%1(&'(&6"(,")4&$'%^"3"%&()+(,"*',&"!(

@;(WKHSULPDU\VRXUFHVKRXOGEHSURYLGHGµA(0%(

.9,'*">(&6"(D)44$%"(.9,'*")%(<"5(0%&"1,)&"!(

(3)

!"##$%"&$'(")* +,,"&'* -.+/0!+1* 2345* 6&"78*

&98"&':* 23;5* '<$'* ")#=* >3?* -3>@A;1* ",* '<9*

B"7)'&(9:* :'$'9:* <$C9* $D"8'9D* $* B#$::(,(B$'(")*

",*E+F0:G*$)D*'<$'*'<":9*B<":9)*B#$::(,(B$'("):*

$&9*<9'9&"69)9"7:H*4I?*JKL3*$)D*MA?*"'<9&*

"&*)"'*:89B(,(9DN* *

!"#$%&'()*'++,-'",&#'(),"&#.,*&/)*

O<9* P&(6<'")* !"##$%"&$'(")* 23Q5* (:* $* 6#"%$#*

)9'R"&S* ",* 9T89&':* '<$'* $(U:* '"* 8&"C(D9* <(6<*

V7$#('=*C$BB()9*:$,9'=*(),"&U$'(")N*0'*<$:*D")9*

9T'9):(C9* R"&S* '"R$&D:* :'$)D$&D(W()6* '<9*

$::9::U9)'* $)D* &98"&'()6* ",* $DC9&:9* 9C9)':*

,"##"R()6*C$BB()$'(")N*O<9*P&(6<'")*!"##$%"&$'(")*

87%#(:<9D* ,"7&* $&'(,$B':* ",* ()'9&9:'* '"* "7&*

B7&&9)'*R"&SN*O<9*B$:9*D9,()('("):*'<9=*8&"C(D9*

&9#$'9* :=U8'"U:* $)D* :(6):* '"* $::9::U9)':* ",*

R<9'<9&* $* 8$&'(B7#$&* '=89* ",* 8$'<"#"6(B$#*

8&"B9::* <$:* "BB7&&9DG* $::(6)()6* V7$#('$'(C9*

#9C9#:*",*B9&'$()'=N*O<9=*8&"C(D9*67(D9#()9:*,"&*

'<&99*$B'(C('(9:*²*D$'$*B"##9B'(")G*$)$#=:(:G*$)D*

8&9:9)'$'(")* ",* &9:7#':G* $(U()6* '"* U$S9* B"#X

#9B'9D* D$'$* B"U8$&$%#9G* (),"&U9D* %=* '<9* B$:9*

D9,()('("):N* P=* D9'9&U()()6* $)D* 87%#(:<()6*

'<9:9* 67(D9#()9:G* '<9* B"##$%"&$'(")* B&9$'9:*

U9'<"D"#"6(B$#*:'$)D$&D:*'<$'*9)$%#9*$BB7&$'9*

&(:S* $::9::U9)'N* O<9* B$:9* D9,()('("):* )9('<9&*

&9V7(&9G*)"&*$::9::*$*B$7:$#*&9#$'(")*%9'R99)*$*

6(C9)* $DC9&:9* 9C9)'* $)D* '<9* (UU7)(W$'(")*

8&"B9::N* Y$'<9&G* '<9* B$:9* D9,()('("):* $&9*

D9:(6)9D*'"*D9,()9*#9C9#:*",*D($6)":(:*B9&'$()'=*

%$:9D*")*S)"R)*(),"&U$'(")*$%"7'*E+F0:N* * O<9*P&(6<'")*!"##$%"&$'(")*<$:*87%#(:<9D*

$* )7U%9&* ",* 8$89&:* 8&9:9)'()6* '<9:9*

67(D9#()9:*$)D*B$:9*D9,()('("):G*9$B<*$(U9D*$'*

&98"&'()6* 8"'9)'($#* 8$'<"#"6(B$#* 8&"B9::9:G*

:7B<* $:* Z9(W7&9* 23M5* $)D* [7(##$()XP$&&\*

Z=)D&"U9* 23>5N* 0)* "7&* 8&"'"'=89* R9* <$C9*

R"&S9D*R('<*'<9*:9(W7&9*B$:9*D9,()('(")N*

*

* *

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

3*

O<9*&98"&':*B$)*%9*D(,,(B7#'*'"*9C9)*()'9&8&9'*²*'<9*

JKL* EDC9&:9* Y9$B'(")* O9&U()"#"6=* -JKLXEYO1*

(:*$*)")X"89)*'9&U()"#"6=*$)D*")#=*$*3]]>*C9&:(")*

$889$&:* '"* %9* 87%#(B#=* C(:(%#9G* <":'9D* $'*

<''8H@@%("8"&'$#N%("")'"#"6=N"&6@")'"#"6(9:@;^;^;N*

0'* #$BS:* U$)=* '9&U:* '<$'* $&9* 9::9)'($#* ,"&* E+*

&98"&'()6G* :7B<* $:* '<":9* &9#$'9D* '"* :9(W7&9N* _"&9*

(U8"&'$)'#=G*JKLXEYO*,"##"R:*$*;X#9C9#*:'&7B'7&9*

:(U(#$&*'"*_9D`YEG*$)D*'<9&9,"&9*:7,,9&:*:"U9*",*

'<9*:$U9*D9,9B':N* *

!

!" #$%&'$'()*)+,(" *

L7&* 8&"'"'=89* $(U:* '"* $DD&9::* $* )7U%9&* ",*

(::79:N*J<(#9*B"U8#9'9G*'<9*'9T'7$#*$&'(B#9X#(S9*

,"&U$'*",*'<9*P&(6<'")*B$:9*D9,()('("):*U$S9:*

('* D(,,(B7#'* ,"&* B#()(B($):* '"* B"),(&U* '<$'* '<9=*

:99* '<9* &9#9C$)'* :=U8'"U:* R<9)* U$S()6* '<9*

$DC9&:9* 9C9)'* D($6)":(:H* B$:9* D9,()('("):* $&9*

%7&(9D* R('<()* '<9* :B(9)'(,(B* 8$89&N* 0)* '<9*

'9T'7$#* ,"&UG* '<9* B$:9* D9,()('(")* (:* )"'*

$U9)$%#9*'"*$7'"U$'9D*D($6)":(:*²*B#()(B($):*

B$))"'* B<"":9* R<(B<* :=U8'"U:* $&9* "%:9&C9D*

$)D* '<9)* (),9&* '<9* 8&"89&* 9C9)'* D($6)":(:N* E*

,"&U$#* $)D* #"6(B$#* D9:B&(8'(")* ",* C$BB()9*

$DC9&:9* 9C9)':* R"7#D* $##"R* :",'R$&9* '""#:* '"*

8&"B9::* '<9* (),"&U$'(")* $)D* 8&9:9)'* ")#=*

&9#9C$)'*('9U:*()*$*B<9BS#(:'*'"*'<9*8<=:(B($)G*

U$S()6* ('* 9$:(9&* '"* C$#(D$'9* 78")* D$'$* 9)'&=N*

O<9&9,"&9G* $)* ")'"#"6=X%$:9D* :=:'9U* $'* '<9*

'(U9*",*D$'$*9)'&=*R(##*()B&9$:9*D$'$*$BB7&$B=*

$)D* B"U8#9'9)9::N* F"&* 9T$U8#9G* R<9)* '<9*

B#()(B($):*:9#9B'*:9(W7&9*$:*$DC9&:9*9C9)'G*'<9=*

R(##* %9* ",,9&9D* $* #(:'* ",* :=U8'"U:* '<$'* U$=*

<$C9* U$)(,9:'9DN* P=* :9#9B'()6* '<9* ")9:* '<9=*

D(D*"%:9&C9G*'<9*:=:'9U*R(##*%9*$%#9*'"*B"),(&U*

'<9(&*D($6)":(:G*8"'9)'($##=*:89B(,=()6*('G*:7B<*

$:*$::(6)()6*$*#9C9#*",*B9&'$()'=*%$:9D*")*'<9*

P&(6<'")*B$:9*D9,()('(")N*O<9*:=:'9U*R(##*$#:"*

%9* $%#9* '"* B$##* '<9* D($6)":(:* ()'"* V79:'(")G* %=*

R$&)()6*'<$'*'<9*:9'*",*9C9)':*:9#9B'9D*D"9:*)"'*

$##"R*,"&*7)$U%(67"7:*D($6)":(:N*0)*'<9*#$''9&*

B$:9G*'<9*:=:'9U*R(##*$#:"*8&"C(D9*$*#(:'*",*:7B<*

9C9)':*'<$'* R"7#D*$##"R* D9'9&U()$'(")N*O$S9)*

'"69'<9&G*'<":9*R(##*9)$%#9G*$'*'<9*'(U9*",*D$'$*

9)'&=G*'"*7)$U%(67"7:#=*&9,9&*'"*$*:89B(,(B*:9'*",*

:=U8'"U:G*9$B<*B$&9,7##=*D9,()9DG*$)D*9:'$%#(:<*

$* D($6)":(:G* R<(B<* &9U$():* #()S9D* '"* (':*

$::"B($'9D* :=U8'"U:N* O<9* $DC9&:9* 9C9)'* R(##*

$#:"*%9*,"&U$##=*9T8&9::9DG*U$S()6*('*$U9)$%#9*

'"* ,7&'<9&* V79&=()6* ,"&* 9T$U8#9* ,"&* :'$'(:'(B$#*

DQDO\VLV´ZKDWSHUFHQWDJHRISDWLHQWVSUHVHQWHG R('<*U"'"&*U$)(,9:WDWLRQV"µDWD(,,9&9)'*#9C9#:*

",*6&$)7#$&('=*-9N6NG*,$B(#('$'()6*V79&(9:*:7B<*$:*

´ZKDW SHUFHQWDJH RI SDWLHQWV SUHVHQWHG ZLWK '")(BXFORQLFPRWRUPDQLIHVWDWLRQV"µ)LQDOO\E\

$6&99()6* ")* $* B"UU")* D9,()9D* C"B$%7#$&=* R9*

B$)* ()B&9$:9* D$'$* ()'9&"89&$%(#('=G* $)D* 9)$%#9*

B&"::*D$'$%$:9:*V79&(9:*$B&"::*D(,,9&9)'*B9)'&9:*

"&* $6$():'* 87%#(B* D$'$:9':G* :7B<* $:* #('9&$'7&9*

&9,9&9)B9:*"&*"'<9&*E+F0*D$'$:9':N* *

0)*'<9*,"##"R()6*:9B'("):*R9*8&9:9)'*$*8&"",*

",* B")B98'* 8&"'"'=89G* '<9* E+YLG* %$:9D* ")* '<9*

:9(W7&9*B$:9*D9,()('(")*,&"U*'<9*P&(6<'")*6&"78N* *

(4)

!"#$%&$%'()"*+,-).()"*+%,/,0'"(+%,.$1%#,.+!

"#! $%&'(%(#)$#*! +! ,$-)$#.)! /(-01/.(! 20/!

+,3(/-(! (3(#)! /(&0/)$#*4! .+/(! 5+-! )+6(#! )0!

/(1-(4!57(#!&0--$8'(4!50/6!,0#(!$#!)7(!.0#)(9)!

02! 0)7(/! (220/)-:! ;(1-$#*! )(/%-! 2/0%! 0)7(/!

/(-01/.(-! +''05(,! 1-! )0! /('<! 0#! 6#05'(,*(! 02!

,0%+$#!(9&(/)-!570!.1/+)(,!)7(%4!)0!,(,$.+)(!

%0/(! 50/6! )$%(! 20/! )(/%-! )7+)! #((,! )0! 8(!

./(+)(,! 2,+ "$0$:! =7(#! 0#'<! 2(5! )(/%-! 02!

$#)(/(-)!5(/(!$,(#)$2$(,!$#!(9)(/#+'!0#)0'0*$(-4!

)70-(! 7+3(! 8((#! $%&0/)(,! /('<$#*! 0#! )7(!

>$#$%1%! "#20/%+)$0#! )0! ;(2(/(#.(! +#!

?9)(/#+'! @#)0'0*<! A(/%! B>";?@AC! *1$,('$#(!

DEFG:! H0/! (9+%&'(! )7(! I+..$#(! @#)0'0*<! BI@C!

DEJG! ,(2$#(-! )7(! 0'##)"'()$"+ &/0.(--! +-! +#!

´DGPLQLVWHULQJVXEVWDQFHLQYLYRWKDWLQYROYHV

$#! +,,$#*! 3+..$#(! $#)0! +! 70-)! B(:*:4! 71%+#4!

%01-(C!$#!3$30!5$)7!)7(!$#)(#,!D-$.G!)0!$#306(!+!

SURWHFWLYHLPPXQHUHVSRQVHµDQGZHXVHLWWR ,(2$#(! 3+..$#(! +,3(/-(! (3(#)-:! K$%$'+/'<4! 5(!

1-(! .'+--(-! 2/0%! )7(! @#)0'0*<! 20/! L(#(/+'!

>(,$.+'! K.$(#.(! B@L>KC! DMNG:! @L>K!

/(&/(-(#)-! &+)70'0*$.+'! (#)$)$(-4! ,$-(+-(-! +#,!

,$+*#0-$-4! +#,! -0%(! 02! $)-! .'+--(-! -1.7! +-!

2).$%2,%+ +#,! .)*"+ +/(! +)! )7(! /00)! 02! 3(/<!

$%&0/)+#)!O?;@!7$(/+/.7$(-P!%0/(!,()+$'-!0#!

)7($/!1-+*(!$-!-705#!8('05:!"#!0)7(/!.+-(-4!5(!

,(.$,(,! )0! $%&0/)! (9)(/#+'! 0#)0'0*$(-! +-! +!

570'(Q! B$C! )7(! ;('+)$0#-! @#)0'0*<! B;@C! DMEG!

.0#)+$#-! +! -()! 02! .0%%0#! /('+)$0#-4! B$$C! )7(!

"#20/%+)$0#!O/)$2+.)!@#)0'0*<!B"O@C!DMMG!,(+'-!

5$)7! $#20/%+)$0#! (#)$)$(-! +#,! %()+,+)+4! +#,!

B$$$C!)7(!R+-$.!H0/%+'!@#)0'0*<!BRH@C!$-!1-(,!

+-! 01/! 1&&(/S'(3('! 0#)0'0*<:! A70-(! /(-01/.(-!

+/(! .0%%0#'<! 1-(,! 8<! )7(! @&(#! R$0%(,$.+'!

@#)0'0*$(-! B@R@C! H01#,/<! DMTG! 0#)0'0*$(-4! 02!

57$.7!O?;@!+$%-!)0!8(!+!&+/)P!/('<$#*!0#!)7(%!

20/!01/!&/0)0)<&(!5$''!$%&/03(!$#)(*/+8$'$)<!02!

01/!/(-01/.(!5$)7$#!)7(!H01#,/<!2/+%(50/6:! ! 320,%.,+,0,"(+#/'..+!

U0#-$,(/! )7(! 20''05$#*! .+-(-! $#! 57$.7! )7(!

.'$#$.$+#!5$-7(-!)0!/(&0/)!+,3(/-(!(3(#)-Q! !

ƒ -(#-0/$#(1/+'! ,(+2#(--! /(&0/)(,! +2)(/!

%(+-'(-4!%1%&-4!+#,!/18(''+!$%%1#$V+)$0#:!

A7$-!,$-)1/8+#.(!02!)7(!.0.7'(+!0/!+1,$)0/<!

#(/3(! /(-1')-! $#! 7(+/$#*! $%&+$/%(#)4!

02)(#! '0--! 02! +8$'$)<! )0! 7(+/! 7$*7!

2/(W1(#.$(-!DMXG4! !

ƒ $#2(.)$0#!-1.7!+-!$#!)7(!.+-(!02!'(2'1#0%$,(!

$#!)/(+)%(#)!02!+/)7/$)$-!DMYG4! !

ƒ +#<! 02! )7(! ,(/%+)0'0*$.+'! +,3(/-(! (3(#)-!

08-(/3(,! $#! &+)$(#)-! )/(+)(,! 5$)7!

()+#(/.(&)!DMZG4! !

ƒ 7(+,+.7(-!/(&0/)(,!20''05$#*!1-(!02!&/0)0#!

&1%&!$#7$8$)0/-!-1.7!+-!'+#-0&/+V0'(!DM[G4! !

ƒ /+-7(-4!(9)/(%('<!.0%%0#!20/!(9+%&'(!+)!

)7(!$#\(.)$0#!-$)(:! !

A7(-(! .+-(-! $#,$.+)(! )7+)! )7(! )<&(! 02! +#!

+,3(/-(! (3(#)! .+#! 8(! ($)7(U RI %)2·V XSSHU '(3('!.'+--(-!²!0..1//(#)!0/!.0#)$#1+#):!@L>K!

.1//(#)'<! ,(2$#(-! .)*"+ DV ´$ TXDOLW\ RI D

&+)$(#)4! +! %+)(/$+'! (#)$)<! )7+)! $-! &+/)! 02! +!

&+)$(#)4! 0/! +! &/0.(--1+'! (#)$)<! )7+)! +! &+)$(#)!

&+/)$.$&+)(-!$#4!+#<!0#(!02!57$.7!$-!08-(/3(,!$#!

+!&7<-$.+'!(9+%$#+)$0#!+#,!$-!,((%(,!8<!)7(!

.'$#$.$+#! )0! 8(! 02! .'$#$.+'! -$*#$2$FDQFHµ DQG .45&($5+DV ´$ TXDOLW\ RI D SDWLHQW WKDW LV 08-(/3(,!8<!)7(!&+)$(#)!0/!+!&/0.(--1+'!(#)$)<!

(9&(/$(#.(,!8<!)7(!&+)$(#)4!($)7(/!02!57$.7!$-!

7<&0)7(-$V(,!8<!)7(!&+)$(#)!)0!8(!+!/(+'$V+)$0#!

RIDGLVHDVHµ7KRVHFODVVHVDUHVLEOLQJ-!02!)7(!

67$8#$"()"1'"(+ +#,! 67$8$##1%%,"(+ .'+--(-4!

,$/(.)'<! +--(/)(,! 1#,(/!67$8,"()(4M:!O,3(/-(!

(3(#)-! .'(+/'<! %+).7! )70-(! ,(2$#$)$0#-Q! )7(<!

.+#! 8(! W1+'$)<! 02! )7(! &+)$(#)! B20/! (9+%&'(4!

&+''0/!0/!.<+#0-$-C4!+!%+)(/$+'!(#)$)<!&+/)!02!)7(!

&+)$(#)!B(:*:4!/+-7C4!0/!+!&/0.(--1+'!(#)$)<!)7+)!

&+/)-!02!+!&+)$(#)!&+/)$.$&+)(-!$#!B(:*:4!-($V1/(C:! ! 9%$($(4&,+2,0,/$&5,"(+!

H0''05$#*!)7$-4!5(!'0*$.+''<!,(2$#(!',%$8'20,%.,+

,0,"(++-!)7(!1#$0#!02!',%$8'20,%.,+,0,"(+&%$#,..+

+#,!',%$82).$%2,%+ %,.1/()"*+ 7%$5+ '"+ '20,%.,+

,0,"(+ &%$#,..+ B$:(:4! )7(! +,3(/-(! (3(#)!

.0#)$#1+#)! ,(-./$8(,! +803(C:! O#!',%$8'20,%.,+

,0,"(+&%$#,..+LV´DSURFHVVXDOHQWLW\RFFXUULQJ

$#! +! &/(! ,()(/%$#(,! )$%(! 2/+%(! 20''05$#*!

+,%$#$-)/+)$0#! 02! +! .01%&01#,! 0/! 1-+*(! 02! +!

GHYLFHµWKLVFDQEHORJLFDOO\WUDQVODWHGXVLQJ )7(!>+#.7(-)(/!@=]!-<#)+9!DMFGC!+-Q! !

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

M! A7/01*701)!)7$-!&+&(/!5(!5$''!+,0&)!)7(!#0)+)$0#!

&%,7)-8/'6,/+ 20/! (#)$)$(-4! 57(/(! &/(2$9! $-! )7(!

.0%%0#'<!1-(,!/(-01/.(!+88/(3$+)$0#:! !

!

(5)

!"#$%&'()'!"#$%&'()%#)$"&#)*)+",$*'$-.&/0$&1$23456$.1%#)$

0"#$(78'9%&'()%#)$+/*'':$!"#$+/*''$!"#$%&$'$#$()'%!&*'&'$

/(7&+*//,$%#;&1#%$*'$0"#$&10#)'#+0&(1$(;$"+&,%"$%'%$&-.)+(/' 0%,1'!('!"#$%&$'$#$()'2%,3$&&'*1%$%!&*:$

!"#$$%&µDGYHUVHHYHQWSURFHVV¶&

'()*+#",-./0%&

1203,$$)#"4,-.*.5&

#-6&712,3,6,6485&$09,&&

7µ#66*-:&#&9#.,2*#"&,-.*.5&

LQWRDWDUJHW¶&

RU¶DGPLQLVWHULQJ VXEVWDQFHLQYLYR¶&

! !

"#$%$!&#$!'()**$*!!""#$%&!&'!()*#!+&)$(#(,&

#$(-& !& (!*%)(&)+,!!"'#$#.()*#$%& ./0.(!$1)& #$&

2#2-& )%$! -./0%&$,! 1%0.! &#$! 2+&0(034! 01!

5-0.$,-')(! 6+7$*&-3)&-0+*! 82569! :;<=>! ?#$!

@AB2! ,$1-+-&-0+! 01!!"2)*.)& )2)$(& 3*-1)..&-*!

.$)+&!&0!C$!-+'(D*-7$E!)+,!'07$%!')*$*!*D'#!)*!

&#0*$!,$*'%-C$,!C4!&#$!F)+D1)'&D%$%!)+,!G*$%!

H)'-(-&4! I$7-'$! AJ/$%-$+'$! 8F@GIA9K! 10%!

$J)./($! &#$! ')*$! 01! )! /)&-$+&! 1-&&$,! "-&#!

C-0/%0*&#$&-'!#$)%&!7)(7$*!"#0!,-$*!"-&#-+!&#$!

10((0"-+3! L! .0+&#*M>! 6&! -*! )(*0! "0%&#! +0&-+3!

&#)&! &#-*! ,$1-+-&-0+! 01! ),7$%*$! $7$+&! ,0$*! +0&!

-./(4!')D*)&-0+!C$&"$$+!&#$!*-3+!0C*$%7$,!)+,!

&#$!'0./0D+,!),.-+-*&%)&-0+N,$7-'$!D&-(-O)&-0+E!

CD&!-*!%)&#$%!C)*$,!0+!&$./0%)(!)**0'-)&-0+>! !

?#$! ),7$%*$! $7$+&! '0+&-+D)+&! #-$%)%'#4!

")*! CD-(&! D+,$%! &#$! -%'.4"#.-*")*& '()**!

8H-3D%$! P9E! "#-'#! -*! ,$1-QHG DV ´$ PDWHULDO

$+&-&4!"#-'#!-*!'(-+-')((4!)C+0%.)(!)+,!/)%&!01!

)+! $J&$+,$,! 0%3)+-*.>! I-*0%,$%*! )%$! &#$!

SK\VLFDO EDVLV RI GLVHDVHµ 7R DYRLG DQ\

()+3D)3$! ).C-3D-&4! C4! )**0'-)&-+3! &#$! &$%.*!

$7$+&!)+,!'0+&-+D)+&!-+!&#$!()C$(!01!&#$!'()**!

!"2)*.)& )2)$(& 1-$(#$/!$(E! -&! ")*! %$+).$,!

"#.-*")*& *)./+(#$%& 5*-'& !$& !"2)*.)& )2)$(&

3*-1)..>! @*! )! 3$+$%)(! ")4! 01! 07$%'0.-+3! &#$!

/0&$+&-)(! -**D$! C$&"$$+! &$%.*! -+! D*$! C4!

'(-+-'-)+*!)+,!0+&0(03-')(!D*)3$!-+!&#$!'0+&$J&!

01! &#$! 252! H0D+,%4E! -+! "#-'#! -&! .)4! C$!

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

M! !#&&/QNN""">)''$**,)&)>1,)>307N*'%-/&*N',%#N'1,0'*N! !

! '1F@GIAN,$&)-(>'1.R.,%10-SS-,T!P<L;U<P!

FRQIXVLQJ WR DVVRFLDWH WKH ZRUG ´HYHQWµ WR D

#-$%)%'#-')(! /0*-&-0+! D+,$%! '0+&-+D)+&E! "$!

'#0*$! &0! %$(4! 0+! &#$!676& 8-/$"*,& /$#9/)&

+!0)+& 6@2! )++0&)&-0+! /%0/$%&4!

8#&&/QNN/D%(>0C0(-C%)%4>0%3N0C0N6@2SVVVVUW<9>!

X()**$*! *D'#! )*! !"2)*.)& )2)$(& *!.:&

8'()*+#",-./0%&6*$026,2&2,$)".*-:&;209&

#-&#6+,2$,&,+,-.&1203,$$&#-6&2#$<9! "-((!

&#$%$10%$!#)7$!)+!252!H0D+,%4!D+-YD$!()C$(!

DQQRWDWLRQZLWKYDOXH´UDVKUHVXOWLQJIURPDQ DGYHUVHHYHQWSURFHVVµ!

H-+)((4E! )*! /%$*$+&$,! -+! &#$! C)'Z3%0D+,!

*$'&-0+E!),7$%*$!$7$+&!,$1-+-&-0+*!)%$!C)*$,!0+!

&#$!5%-3#&0+!')*$!,$1-+-&-0+*>![$!CD-(&!D+,$%!

&#$!6@2!'()**!"#*)1(#2)&#$5-*'!(#-$&)$(#(,&)+,!

,$1-QHGDGLDJQRVLVJXLGHOLQHDVD´$GLUHFWLYH -+10%.)&-0+!$+&-&4!&#)&!$*&)C(-*#$*!)!,-)3+0*-*!

C)*$,! 0+! )! *$&! 01! *LJQV RU V\PSWRPVµ DQG LWV

*DC'()**! 7*#%:(-$& 1!.)& ")5#$#(#-$& "-&#!

,$1-QLWLRQ´$FOLQLFDOJXLGHOLQHLQZKLFKDVHW 01!*-3+*!-*!,$*'%-C$,!&0!$*&)C(-*#!)!,-)3+0*-*!01!

),7$%*$! $7$+&*! "-&#! )! %$()&$,! ,$3%$$! 01!

'$%&)-+&4E! )*! ,$1-+$,! C4! &#$! 5%-3#&0+!

X0(()C0%)&-0+E!

KWWSZZZEULJKWRQFROODERUDWLRQRUJµ!

?#$! %$*D(&-+3! -+1$%%$,! #-$%)%'#4E!

/%$*$+&$,! -+! 1-3D%$! ;E! *#0"*! #0"! ,$1-+$,!

'()**$*! )%$! /0*-&-0+$,! D+,$%! &#$-%! %$*/$'&-7$!

/)%$+&*>! !

!"#$%&'*)'!"#$)#'./0&17$&1;#))#%$"&#)*)+",:$<#*;$0#)8'$

'.+"$*'$4567'%!&*'*)#$&1;#))#%$.1%#)$'#=#)*/$>*)#10'$

-*'#%$(1$0"#&)$/(7&+*/$)#'0)&+0&(1':$!"#$*%=#)'#$#=#10$

>)(+#''$+/*''$&'$*/'($*$'.-+/*''$(;$-;(9(++.))#10:!

(6)

!" #$%&'%%$()" !

!"#$%"&'"(()*%+'!

"#! $%&'()*! %+(! ,-! .)+#()/#! 0'*! 012! 34567! (8)!

()/9! 0*:)/#)! ):)'(! 80#! ,))'! *)#;/&,)*! &'!

9+1(&$1)! <0-#2! =8)-! ;%'#&*)/! 0*:)/#)! ):)'(#!

0#! ,)&'>! (8%#)! ?%/! <8&;8! ;0+#01&(-! 80#! ,))'!

GHPRQVWUDWHG DUJXLQJ WKDW ´WKH SDVW FDQQRW ,)!;80'>)*@!#%9)(8&'>!<8&;8!&#!'%(!0'!0*:)/#)!

):)'(! 0(! (8)! (&9)! &(! 80$$)'#! ;0''%(! ,);%9)!

RQH DW VRPH SRLQW WKHUHDIWHUµ 7KLV! :&)<! &#!

0*%$()*! ,-! (8)! "*:)/#)! A:)'(#! B'(%1%>-!

C"ABDE7! <8&;8! *)?&QHV DGYHUVH HYHQW DV ´D

$0(8%1%>&;01!,%*&1-!$/%;)##!(80(!&#!&'*+;)*!,-!0!

PHGLFDOLQWHUYHQWLRQµ7KLVGH?&'&(&%'!8%<):)/!

$/)#)'(#!#):)/01!&##+)#!(80(!90F)!&(!+'+#0,1)!

?%/!/)$%/(&'>!:0;;&')!0*:)/#)!):)'(#2!G&/#(7!0(!

(8)! (&9)! %?! *0(0! )'(/-7! (8)/)! &#! '%! ;)/(0&'(-!

(80(!(8)!0*:)/#)!):)'(!80#!,))'!&'*+;)*!,-!(8)!

&'()/:)'(&%'2! H'#()0*7! &'! ;1&'&;01! #)((&'>#7! 011!

/)0;(&%'#! 0/)! /)$%/()*! 0'*! ?%/<0/*)*! (%! 0!

;%99&(())!(80(!<&11!10()/!%'!(/-!0'*!)#(0,1&#8!

;0+#01&(-2! "#! *)9%'#(/0()*! 0,%:)7! #+;8!

;0+#01&(-! <&11! '):)/! ,)! ?%/9)/1-! )#(0,1&#8)*7!

/0(8)/! 0! ')(<%/F! %?! $/%%?#! &#! ;%11);()*! :&0!

)$&*)9&%1%>&;!#(+*&)#!0'*I%/!;0#)!/)$%/(#7!0'*!

#+$$%/()*! ,-! *)9%'#(/0(&%'! %?! ,&%1%>&;01!

$10+#&,&1&(-2! J);%'*7! /)$%/()*! 0*:)/#)! ):)'(#!

90-! '%(! 01<0-#! ,)! $/%;)##)#!²! ;%'(&'+0'(#!

#+;8! 0#! /0#8! 0/)! /)$%/()*! ,-! ;1&'&;&0'#! 0'*!

'))*! (%! ,)! 0;;%99%*0()*! 0#! <)112! K)#;/&,&'>!

(8)!$/%;)##!1)0*&'>!(%!(8)!/0#8!&#!0!?&/#(!#()$!0#!

&#! *%')! &'! (8)! "AB7!,+(! &D! (8&#! $/%;)##!&#! '%(!

01<0-#! F'%<'! &&D! ;1&'&;&0'#! *%! '%(! /)$%/(! '%/!

0/)!$0/(&;+10/1-!&'()/)#()*!&'!(8)!$/%;)##!L!(8)-!

/0(8)/!;0/)!0,%+(!(8)!*)/90(%1%>&;01!*&#%/*)/!

%,#)/:)*2!G&'011-7!(80(!0'!0*:)/#)!):)'(!/0#8!

0'*! 0! /0#8! '%'! ()9$%/011-! 0##%;&0()*! <&(8! 0!

9)*&;01! &'()/:)'(&%'! 0/)! %?! (8)! #09)! (-$)7!

<8&;8! #8%+1*! ,)! *)#;/&,)*! &'! 0! *&#(&';(7!

)M()/'01! #-9$(%9! %'(%1%>-! L! :&)<! #80/)*! ,-!

K/2! .)+#()/#N2! H(! (8)'! ,);%9)#! %,:&%+#! (80(!

(8&#!/0#8!&#!(8)!+'&:)/#01!,)&'>!%,#)/:)*7!0'*!

&(#!'0(+/)!<8)(8)/!<)!;0'!$/%:)!%/!'%(!(80(!&(!

&#! ;0+#)*! ,-! (8)! &'()/:)'(&%'! ²! *%)#! '%(!

;80'>)2! O)! ;0'! *);10/)! (8)! %,#)/:)*! /0#8! 0#!

0'!0*:)/#)!):)'(!%'!(8)!,0#&#!%?!&(#!()9$%/01!

0##%;&0(&%'7! :&0! 0! *)?&')*! ;10##! 0#! &#! *%')! &'!

"APB7!*)#;/&,)!8%<!&(!?%11%<#!#%9)!/)$%/(&'>!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

E! 8(($@II#%+/;)?%/>)2')(I$/%Q);(#I0)%I! !

N! 8(($@II#%+/;)?%/>)2')(I90&1!

0/;8&:)I9)##0>)2$8$R9#>S&*TUV5E5NNN!

>+&*)1&')#! #+;8! 0#! W/&>8(%'7! 0'*! 10()/! %'!

0##&>'! 0! ;0()>%/-! %?! ):&*)';)! ?%/! ;0+#01&(-7!

<8&;8!<%+1*!,)!0'!&'?%/90(&%'!)'(&(-!0((0;8)*!

(%!(8)!%/&>&'01!0*:)/#)!):)'(!/0#8!0?()/!/):&)<!

,-!(8)!#0?)(-!;%99&(())2! ! ,-**".%'/++-"+'!

O8&1)! &9$1)9)'(&'>! (8)! $/%(%(-$)7! #):)/01!

%'(%1%>&;01! &##+)#! 0/%#)2! "*:)/#)! ):)'(! &#!

*)?&')*!0#!0!$/%;)##!%/!;%'(&'+0'(!0*"1"&"&234'

#%9)! 9)*&;01! &'()/:)'(&%'! %/! */+>! 0*9&'L

&#(/0(&%'2!=8)!0*"1"&"&'34'/)10(&%'!&#!&9$%/()*!

?/%9!(8)!PB7!0'*!*)?&QHGDV´3SUHFHGHGS,-!3·

&?! 0'*! %'1-! &?@! >&:)'! 0'-! $/%;)##! $! (80(!

&'#(0'(&0()#!X!0(!0!(&9)!(7!(8)/)!&#!#%9)!$/%;)##!

S·VXFKWKDWS·LQVWDQWLDWHV3·DWWLPHW·DQGW·

LVHDUOLHUWKDQWµ7KLVUHODWLRQGRHVQRWVSHFLI\

0! (&9)?/09)! ?%/! (8)! ):)'(#! (%! ,)! ;%'#&*)/)*!

/)10()*7! 0'*! 0'! &99+'&Y0(&%'! $/%;)##!

KDSSHQLQJ ULJKW DIWHU RQH·V ELUWK ZRXOG&"' ($1%)'$/);)*)!9%#(!%?!(8)!#+,#)Z+)'(!):)'(#!&'!

(8)&/!1&?)2!"!;%99)'(!%'!(8&#!/)10(&%'!&'!(8)!PB!

À1) [ !&'*&;0()#! (80(! (8&#! &#! 0'! 0/)0! PB!

*):)1%$)/#! 0/)! ;%'#&*)/&'>! &9$/%:&'>7! 0'*!

(8)-! #+>>)#(! #(/%'>)/! /)10(&%'#! #+;8! 0#!

/55"&/$%"#420*"1"&"&234'%/!0'!&'*&;0(&%'!(80(!

WKH LQVWDQFHV 3 DQG 3· VKDUH SDUWLFLSDQWV

"'%(8)/! &##+)! /)10()*! (%! +#)! %?! /)10(&%'#!

0$$)0/#! <8)'! 1%>&;011-! *)?&'&'>! &/+)*&"*'

*"+-#%/.6'(*)5'$.'$&7"*+"'"7".%'0*)1"++2!O)!+#)!

(8)! /)10(&%'!/+' +0"1/(/"&' )-%0-%'(%! /)$/)#)'(!

(80(! )0;8! *&#%/*)/! /)#+1(#! ?/%9! (8)! 0*:)/#)!

):)'(! $/%;)##2! \%<):)/7! (8)! /0'>)! %?! (8&#!

/)10(&%'!&#!0#$.."&20*)1"++'²!$/%;)##)#!)M);+()*!

?%11%<&'>!0!$10'!0'*!<&(8!(8)!&'()'(!(%!0;8&):)!

0!#$);&?&;!%,Q);(&:)!²!<8&;8!%,:&%+#1-!0*:)/#)!

):)'(! $/%;)##)#! 0/)! '%(2! O)! )M$);(! WGBUV!(%!

$/%:&*)! 0! #+&(0,1)! /)10(&%'! ?%/! (8&#! ;0#)2!

G&'011-7!(8)/)!&#!;+//)'(1-!'%!/)10(&%'!1&'F&'>!0!

*&#)0#)!0'*!&(#!#)(!%?!#&>'#!0'*!#-9$(%9#2!=8&#!

&##+)!80#!,))'!/0&#)*!&'!B]^J_!,+(!$%#)#!(8)!

Z+)#(&%'!%?!(8)!+'&:)/#01&(-!%?!(8)!0##%;&0(&%'!

,)(<))'! 0! *&#)0#)! 0'*! &(#! #-9$(%9#2! O)!

;+//)'(1-!0/)!+'0,1)!(%!0##%;&0()!011!&'#(0';)#!

%?!(8)!*&#)0#)!<&(8!(8)!<8%1)!#)(!%?!#-9$(%9#!

C)2>27!'%(!):)/-!&'#(0';)!%?!&'?1+)'Y0!*&#)0#)!&#!

0##%;&0()*! <&(8! 0'! &'#(0';)! %?! ?):)/7! 0'*!

;)/(0&'1-! '%(! :&;)! :)/#0D2! O)! $/%$%#)! 8)/)! (%!

+#)!(8)!;0#)!*)?&'&(&%'#!C%/!0'-!%(8)/!#%+/;)!%?!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[! 8(($@II<<<2%,%?%+'*/-2%/>I/%I/%2%<1!

V! 8(($@II;%*)2>%%>1)2;%9I$I,?%I!

_! 8(($@II;%*)2>%%>1)2;%9I$I%>9#I&##+)#I*)(0&1R&*TEN!

(7)

!"#$#%!"&'(#$)&*+,*-'.$'/*&".*'"'0*.'$1'0%,#0'"#+' 0234.$30'.$'"'04*!%1%!'!&"005'+*1%#*+'6"0*+'$#' .7*' ,8%+*&%#*' !$#0%+*/*+9' :$/' *;"34&*5' )7%&*'

#$.' "&&' 0*%<8/*0' !"0*0' 4/*0*#.' )%.7' )%.#*00*+'

&$00'$1'!$#0!%$80#*00'="#+'>%!*'>*/0"5'#$.'"&&'&$00'

$1' !$#0!%$80#*00' "/*' "00$!%".*+' )%.7' "' 0*%<8/*'

*4%0$+*-5' )*' !"#' 0"2' .7".5' !""#$%&'() *#) *+,) -$&(+*#') "!.,) %,/&'&*&#'5' %1' .7*/*' %0' "' 08++*#' )%.#*00*+'&$00'$1'!$#0!%$80#*00'=%#'!$#?8#!.%$#' )%.7' "#$.7*/' 0*.' $1' 0234.$30-' .7*#' )*' !"#' +%",#$0*'"'0*%<8/*')%.7'&*>*&'@'$1'!*/."%#.29' '

!"#"$%&'($)& '

A$3*' *&*3*#.0' $1' .7*' !8//*#.' 4/$.$.24*' +*0*/>*'"'6%.'3$/*'"..*#.%$#9':$/'*;"34&*5'.7*'

&*>*&0' $1' +%",#$0%0' !*/."%#.2' "0' +*1%#*+' 62' B/%,7.$#' 07$8&+' 4/$6"6&2' 6*' 0$3*' .24*' $1'

%#1$/3".%$#'*#.%.2'.7".')$8&+'.7*#'6*'".."!7*+' .$'.7*'0123).,&45$,)!&"009'A%3%&"/&25'.7*'+*,/**'

$1' 0*>*/%.2' $1' "+>*/0*' *>*#.5' "0' )*&&' "0' .7*%/'

*;4*!.*+#*005' %0' %34$/."#.' %#1$/3".%$#' .7".' 07$8&+' 6*' 3$+*&&*+' %#' .7*' $#.$&$,29' A*/%$80'

"+>*/0*'*>*#.0C'"/*'&%1*D.7/*".*#%#,'$/'!"80%#,' +*".75' "0' )*&&' "0' /*E8%/%#,' 7$04%."&%<".%$#' $/' 4*/3"#*#.' +%0"6%&%.29' F#*;4*!.*+' "+>*/0*'

*>*#.0@G '"/*' .7$0*' #$.' 3*#.%$#*+' %#' +/8,' 3"#81"!.8/*/0'#$.%!*0'1$/'*;"34&*09'H1'!$8/0*5' 8#*;4*!.*+5' 0*/%$805' "+>*/0*' *>*#.' "/*' $1' 04*!%"&' !$#!*/#' .$' .7*' 0"1*.2' !$33%..**9' I*'

"&0$' *;4*!.' .$' 6*' "6&*' .$' $8.0$8/!*' $8/' +*1%QLWLRQV RI ´QRUPDOµ V\PSWRPV DQG VLJQV :$/'*;"34&*5'.7*'$!.+)!&"00'%#'1%,8/*'@'07$8&+' 6*'%34$/.*+'1/$3'"'!$33$#'0234.$3'$#.$&$,29' J7%0' )$8&+' 7$)*>*/' /*E8%/*' !$#0*#080' +*1%#%.%$#'1$/'.7$0*'*&*3*#.05')7%!7'3"2'4/$>*' +%11%!8&.9' I*' 7">*' 7"+' *;.*#0%>*' +%0!800%$#' )%.7'.7*'+*>*&$4*/0'$1'.7*'KLH'.7".'"%+*+'.7*' 4/*4"/".%$#' $1' .7%0' 4"4*/5' "#+' 6$.7' ,/$840' 7$4*' )*' )%&&' 6*' "6&*' .$' /*!$#!%&*' .7*' .)$' /*0$8/!*0'%#'.7*'18.8/*9'

:%#"&&25' )*' )$8&+' &%(*' .$' 4/$!**+' )%.7' .*0.%#,'$1'.7*'4/$.$.24*'%#'"'/*"&'80*'!$#.*;.9'M#' WKH3+$&&,+5,QÁXHQ]D5HVHDUFK1HWZRUN

=NOMPQ-'#*.)$/(5'!&%#%!%"#0'/*&2'$#'/*4$/.%#,' 1$/30' +*>*&$4*+' 62' R"!%3"' STU9' I*' "/*' %#'

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

C'' 7..4VWW)))97!D0!9,!9!"W+74D'

' 340W4/$+47"/3"W"44&%!D+*3"#+*W,8%+*D&+W%!7W*1 1%!"!W*X"D*#,9474Y"XB'

@G' '7..4VWW)))97!D0!9,!9!"W+74D'

340W4/$+47"/3"W"44&%!D+*3"#+*W,8%+*D&+W%!7W*1 1%!"!W*X"D*#,9474Y"XO' '

!

!$#."!.')%.7'.7$0*'+*>*&$4*/0'.$'%34&*3*#.'"#'

*;.*#0%$#' $1' .7*0*' 1$/305' "&&$)%#,' 80' .$' 3"%#."%#' .7*' %#.*/1"!*' 80*/0' "/*' "&/*"+2' 1"3%&%"/')%.79'K.'+"."'*#./2'.%3*5'.7*2')%&&'6*' 4/*0*#.*+' )%.7' "' 08!!*00%$#' $1' !7$%!*0'

"8,3*#.*+' 62' .7*%/' 4/*!%0*' +*0!/%4.%$#' "#+'

!7*!(0' *#08/%#,' 0%,#0' +*0!/%6*+' 3".!7' .7*'

"+>*/0*' *>*#.' /*4$/.*+' "#+' >%!*D>*/0"9' J7%0' )%&&'&*"+'%#'"#'%#!/*"0*+'"!!8/"!2'"#+'E8"&%.2'

$1'/*4$/.*+'"+>*/0*'*>*#.05'"#+')%&&'8&.%3".*&2'

%34/$>*'4".%*#.'0"1*.29' '

*+,-.,/-.-#0&'

J7*' KLPH' 4/$?*!.5' %#!&8+%#,' $#.$&$,2' "#+' +$!83*#.".%$#')7%!7'%0'">"%&"6&*'".V'

7..4VWW48/&9$6$&%6/"/29$/,W$6$W"*/$9' KLPH'%0'"&0$'&%0.*+'$#'.7*'HBH'&%6/"/2'".V' 7..4VWW$6$1$8#+/29$/,W!,%D6%#W+*."%&9!,%Z%+[KLPH'

"#+'8#+*/'B%$N$/."&'".V'

7..4VWW6%$4$/."&96%$$#.$&$,29$/,W>%08"&%<*WT\\X@9' N"/.%!%4".%$#' %#' .7*' KLPH' %0' )*&!$3*' "#+'

!$#./%68.%$#0'%#'"#2'1$/3'"/*'*#!$8/",*+9' '

*1)2('.%345%2#6&'

7KHDXWKRUV·ZRUNZDVSDUWLDOO\VXSSRUWHGE\

18#+%#,' 1/$3' .7*' N86&%!' ]*"&.7' K,*#!2' $1' O"#"+"' W' O"#"+%"#' M#0.%.8.*0' $1' ]*"&.7' P*0*"/!7' M#1&8*#<"' P*0*"/!7' Q*.)$/('

=NOMPQ-5'"#+'.7*'^%!7"*&'A3%.7':$8#+".%$#' 1$/']*"&.7'P*0*"/!79' '

7%8%$%21%6'

@9' ' O"#"+"'^%#%0.*/'$1']*"&.79'O&%#%!"&'A"1*.2'R"."' 0DQDJHPHQW 'HÀQLWLRQV DQG 6WDQGDUGV IRU L;4*+%.*+' P*4$/.%#,5' 7..4VWW)))97!D0!9,!9!"W' +74D340W4/$+47"/3"W"44&%!D+*3"#+*W,8%+*D&+W%

!7W*11%!"!W'*X"D*#,9474Y"XK@5'_8#*'XG@@9' ' X9' ' N86&%!' ]*"&.7' K,*#!2' $1' O"#"+"9' F0*/' `8%+*V'

P*4$/.'$1'K+>*/0*'L>*#.0':$&&$)%#,'M338#%<"D .%$#' =KL:M-5' 7..4VWW)))947"!D"04!9,!9!"W%3W4+1W' KL:MD8,D,8D*#,94+15'_8#*'XG@@9' '

a9' ' FA' :$$+' "#+' R/8,' K+3%#%0./".%$#9' b"!!%#*' K+>*/0*' L>*#.' P*4$/.%#,' A20.*3' R"."5' 7..4VWW>"*/097709,$>W+"."W%#+*;5'_8#*'XG@@9' ' T9' ' R"!%1$/305'

7..4VWW)))9+"!%3"0$1.)"/*9!$3W%#+*;9474Z$4.%$

#[!$3c!$#.*#.d>%*)["/.%!&*d%+[CC5'_8#*'XG@@9' '

\9' ' ^*+RPK' ^"%#.*#"#!*' "#+' A844$/.' A*/>%!*0' H/,"#%<".%$#9'^*+%!"&'R%!.%$#"/2'$1'P*,8&".$/2' K!.%>%.%*05'7..4V'WW)))93*++/"300$9!$3W5'_8#*' XG@@9' '

(8)

!"# # $%&'()*+&(',# -*.)/# 0/)123# 4/'5.(%# 67"89#

:&&;<==>>>"?/))'@?55("+(?=A.B/5C@+'(D@&=.%&E*

.)/C67C8CF%EB.5:C*;)@&/";)A9#G*%/#H866"# # I"# # 0/''.BB#-"#J:/#0/)123#;@'@)(K"#!"#!$!%%&'($

)'(($*+,-./0&,$12239#;@E/5#7I8²7I79#H88L"# # L"# M'.5+:/'#G#2.+:/55(%#29#N*%E#M"#O/&/'(E/%/(*5#

D*&#5&@%)@')#+().%E#5,5&/?5#A('#@)P/'5/#/P/%&5<#

$55*/5# .%# @+:./P.%E# .%&/'(;/'@D.B.&,# D/&>//%#

@;;B/5# @%)# ('@%E/5"#4.%56,-$ 4(0%$ 780'(/9# HQ9#

H88L"# #

Q"# 0(RR.+@&(# S"# T&@%)@').5/)# 0/)123# U*/'./5<#

&:/.'# '(B/# .%# 5.E%@B# )/&/+&.(%"#98&:$ *';65+9# V89#

H88I"# #

68"# #3B?/%(AA#G9#J(%%.%E#G9#-(*B)#39#@%)#TR@'A?@%#3#

/&#@B"#S/'5;/+&.P/5#(%#&:/#*5/#(A#)@&@#?.%.%E#.%#

;:@'?@+(P.E.B@%+/"#98&:$ *';65+9# HL<QL6²688I9#

H88W"# #

66"# XT# N(()# @%)# 1'*E# 3)?.%.5&'@&.(%"# 3)P/'5/#

FP/%&#2/;('&.%E#T,5&/?#1@&@9#

:&&;<==>>>"A)@"E(P=1'*E5=-*.)@%+/Y(?;B.@%+/

2/E*B@&(',$%A('?@&.(%=T*'P/.BB@%+/=3)P/'5/1'

*EFAA/+&5=)/A@*B&":&?9#G*%/#H866"# #

6H"# $YO# FK;/'&# Z('[.%E# -'(*;# FH\]2^"# FH\]2^#

YB.%.+@B# T@A/&,# 1@&@# 0@%@E/?/%&<# 1@&@#

/B/?/%&5# A('# &'@%5?.55.(%# (A# .%).P.)*@B# +@5/#

5@A/&,#'/;('&9#

:&&;<==>>>"A)@"E(P=)(>%B(@)5=2/E*B@&(',$%A('?

@&.(%=-*.)@%+/5=*+?6HQVQQ";)A9#G*%/#H866"# # 6V"# 4@++.%/#F*'(;/@%#_/>#$%&/E'@&/)#Y(BB@D('@&.(%#

FAA('&9#:&&;<==P/%.+/"+.%/+@"('E=9#G*%/#H866"# # 67"# 4F_$YF#;'(`/+&"#N.%@B#2/;('&#(%#&:/#T*'P/,#(%#

3FN$# 0(%.&('.%E# T,5&/?5# .%# 0/?D/'# T&@&/59#

:&&;<==P/%.+/"# +.%/+@"('E=ZSWCA.%@BC'/;('&";)A9#

G*%/#H866"# #

6W"# J:/#\'.E:&(%#Y(BB@D('@&.(%9#

:&&;<==>>>"D'.E:&(%+(BB@D('@&.(%"('E9#G*%/#H866"# # 6!"# \(%:(/AA/'# G# /&# @B"a# \'.E:&(%# Y(BB@D('@&.(%#

T/.R*'/#Z('[.%E#-'(*;"#-/%/'@B.R/)#+(%P*B5.P/#

5/.R*'/# @5# @%# @)P/'5/# /P/%&# A(BB(>.%E#

.??*%.R@&.(%<#+@5/#)/A.%.&.(%#@%)#E*.)/B.%/5#A('#

)@&@#+(BB/+&.(%9#@%@B,5.59#@%)#;'/5/%&@&.(%"#<'=>

=0%69#HH]Wb!^<WWI²!H9#H887"# #

6I"# T/`P@'# GG# /&# @B"# \'.E:&(%# Y(BB@D('@&.(%# -\T#

Z('[.%E# -'(*;"# -*.BB@.%b\@''c# 5,%)'(?/# @%)#

N.5:/'#5,%)'(?/<#+@5/#)/A.%.&.(%5#@%)#E*.)/B.%/5#

A('# +(BB/+&.(%9# @%@B,5.59# @%)# ;'/5/%&@&.(%# (A#

.??*%.R@&.(%# 5@A/&,# )@&@"# <'==0%69#

HQ]V^<WQQ²!6H9#H887"# #

6L"# 0"#Y(*'&(&9#N"#-.D5(%9#3"#d"#d.5&/'9#G"#0@B(%/9#1"#

T+:(D/'9# 2"# 2"# \'.%[?@%9# @%)# 3"# 2*&&/%D/'E"#

0.'/(&<# J:/# ?.%.?*?# .%A('?@&.(%# &(# '/A/'/%+/#

@%# /K&/'%@B# (%&(B(E,# &/'?"#!--(06?$ @%5.(.:+9#

!]6^<HV²VV9#H866"# # 6Q"# J:/#4@++.%/#e%&(B(E,9#

:&&;<==>>>"P.(B.%/&"('E=P@++.%/(%&(B(E,=9#G*%/#H866"#

# #

H8"# e%&(B(E,# A('# -/%/'@B# 0/).+@B# T+./%+/# ]e-0T^9#

:&&;<==+()/"E((EB/"+(?=;=(E?5=9#G*%/#H866"# # H6"# \"#T?.&:9#Z"#Y/*5&/'59#\"#MB@EE/59#G"#M(:B/'9#3"#

M*?@'9#G"#d(?@K9#Y"#0*%E@BB9#N"#_/*:@*59#3"#d"#

2/+&('9# @%)# Y"# 2(55/"# 2/B@&.(%5# .%# D.(?/).+@B#

(%&(B(E./5"#A6%.,6$B0.(.:+9#!]W^<27!9#H88W"# # HH"# J:/#$%A('?@&.(%#3'&.A@+&#e%&(B(E,#]$3e^9#

:&&;<==+()/"E((EB/"+(?=;=.%A('?@&.(%b@'&.A@+&b(%&

(B(E,="# #

HV"# 35:D*'%/'#0"#T?.&:#\"9#2(55/#Y"9#\@')#G"9#\*E#

Z"9# Y/*5&/'5# Z"9# -(B)D/'E# d"# G"9# F.BD/+[# M"9#

$'/B@%)# 3"9# 0*%E@BB# Y"# G"9# d/(%&.5# _"# e\$#

Y(%5('&.*?9# 2(++@bT/''@# S"9# 2*&&/%D/'E# 3"9#

T@%5(%/# T"# 3"9# T+:/*/'?@%%# 2"# O"9# T:@:# _"9#

Z:/&R/B#S"#d"9#@%)#d/>.5#T"#J:/#e\e#A(*%)',<#

+((').%@&/)# /P(B*&.(%# (A# (%&(B(E./5# &(# 5*;;('&#

D.(?/).+@B# )@&@# .%&/E'@&.(%"# C'5&86$

B0.56=D%.(.:+9#HW]66^<6HW6b6HWW9#H88I"# #

H7"# \# G# T&/>@'&# @%)# S# X# S'@D:*"# 2/;('&5# (A#

5/%5('.%/*'@B# )/@A%/55# @A&/'# ?/@5B/59# ?*?;59#

@%)#'*D/BB@# .??*%.5@&.(%"#!8=D0E6/$.;$90/6'/6$

0%$4D0(?D..?9#!Q]6^<6WV²6W79#6QQV"# #

HW"# 0@):([# 2# 3B+('%# _9# T@*%)/'5# T"# \/%/A.&b'.5[#

@55/55?/%&# (A# B/AB*%(?.)/<# @%# @;;'@.5@B# (A#

B/AB*%(?.)/# .%# ':/*?@&(.)# @'&:'.&.5# 68# ,/@'5#

@A&/'# B.+/%5.%E"#98&:$ *';65+9# VH]6H^<66HV²V79#

H88Q"# #

H!"# d.).@%# d"# 3"# d/+B*5/9# F??.B.@# 3"# 1(>B@&5:@:.9#

Y"#F"#G@+U*/B.%/#0"#d.?;/%59#0/%%(#3"#)/#2./9#

G@%#1"#\(59#@%)#S:,BB.5#$"#T;*B5"#F&@%/'+/;&<#3%#

(P/'P./># (A# )/'?@&(B(E.+# @)P/'5/# /P/%&5"#!8=D$

968,'5.(9#67I]6^<IQ²Q79#H866"# #

HI"# 3%E/B@#3"#0"#Y"#YB@/55/%59#F.D/'&#2"#O//').%[9#

G@+U*/5# J"# O"# 0"# P@%# F.`[9# Y('%/B.5# \"# O"# Z"#

d@?/'59# @%)# O*D/'&# -"# 0"# d/*A[/%5"#

1/&/'?.%@%&5# (A# O/@)@+:/# .%# d@%5(;'@R(B/#

X5/'5# .%# J:/# _/&:/'B@%)5<# 2/5*B&5# A'(?# @#

_/5&/)#Y@5/bY(%&'(B#T&*),"#98&:$*';65+9#HW]7^9#

H88H"# #

HL"# 0"# O(''.)E/9# _"# 1'*??(%)9# G"# -(()>.%9# 3"#

2/+&('9# 2"# T&/P/%59# @%)# O"O"# Z@%E"# J:/#

0@%+:/5&/'#eZd#T,%&@K"#$%#\/'%@')(#Y*/%+@#

-'@*9#S@5+@B#O.&RB/'9#Y(%('#T:@%[/,9#@%)#FP@%#

Z@BB@+/9# /).&('59# F8.=66?0%:/$ .;$ @GH$

IJ-6806%=6/$ '%?$ 9086=50.%/$ G.8K/D.-$

L@GHI92MN9#H88!"# # HQ"# e\$#e%&(B(E,9#

# # :&&;<==;*'B"(D(B.D'@',"('E=(D(=(D.9#G*%/#H866"# # V8"# #Y/*5&/'5#Z9#Y@;(B*;(#09#)/#0(('#-9#1/PB./5#G9#

@%)# T?.&:# \"# 3%# /P(B*&.(%@',# @;;'(@+:# &(#

'/@B.5?bD@5/)# @)P/'5/# /P/%&# '/;'/5/%&@&.(%5"#

"65D.?/$#%;$"6?9#W8]6^<!H²IV9#H866"# #

Références

Documents relatifs

Adverse event reporting and learning systems should have as their main objec- tive the improvement of patient safety through the identification of errors and hazards

We also identified terms from a consent form used for the University of Michigan Medical School biorepository, and from World Health Organization (WHO) informed

ABSTRACT The Maltese Medicines Authority was tasked with developing a reporting form that captures high- quality case information on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication

Literature review and experiences suggest that we are on the right way to bridge the gap between technical and descriptive information in a common representation that enable

As an example, only 9% of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) anaphylaxis reports post-H1N1vaccination early 2010 were correctly annotated with the MedDRA

MedDRA - the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities - is currently being used to encode adverse events reports into reporting systems such as the

[r]

[r]