OFILMEE 'T~LLE .OUE.

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OFILMEE 'T~LLE .OUE.

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... . 'HAS;BEEN M'CROFILMEO :. '

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EXfl CTLY ASA~qWEO ^.

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-'~~INTR6r:iuCTION

"p';;rpo~-~,oi theS~Uo·y','~'.,^{.';',: :•••}~^{• .-•••;;.,,;••, •••}

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.,,'2bj eeti vesitu a~ l o n

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..~",,Summary •• ••••~•.•••• •',.,' ,~ ,,~,.,•.-•. .'•••'.''-'',.'.

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,A,Moqe l'of~eaehe r,Dec is~on-Makln 9', ,.•••~,."••26

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Item,seaecercn.. ..• •••. .'.•,....•.'. .-..•'•.•';.';,'~

"'Re liah il1,t y:a no Va li dityof-:'the

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.'DEVELOP~l1:NT^OFTHE__I'l'EM:S E<t· ••• ;' :••'~ ~^{•••• '••.;'..: ; '.}

Rat!~~ale

i;r

Descripti~n

of'

Lt~G~~e,[~t1on'^••

, :r~gm~i;i'~;~~;~~t7 :?: : _{rr g:~: :} : :: .

'Se s sion Two ;; . '•••~;;•••• ; ••:••••• • Se ss ion Three-,'••• •'.:.'•.•~ ~~'.'.••••.-.:•• •••~'~,,~,.,

. ":,:'Thennergent pe rce pt ua l,Fr~ilwork"~;••-.:' ,".-..,

,

In~:~~~w. ~~~~~.~~~~~

^{.'":::: : ::::}:: : :::: :::

:~:~ ~:

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Res u l tsof InterV iew hoce d ur e '••'.;•••.-.;,~.';", Towards a

' Perceptua 'l'

Framewo r k.:~,~;.:'.• ••',~.:••~

·:: ~~~=~~c~a~.;f~~rt~f~it~~eS~~e~'s,~,t ', ::: , ': . " ::, :',,::':: ';

s~,ary•~" "'...•••••,.,.,:••• •,." ',"'0",.-',"';,: ••.":',.'~

PH'o't"St Udyfor.

c-seee:

InBt"rumen~,^{. ,};';.'~;~~;^., Relia bil i ty,St Ud y.;; ~•••••,'••,~.-•.:~ .-.

"Samp.l e"~",. ,.",. ;." •••,." ."::•.~"" ,,••,••••,.

· i~~~·;:~~e:, ~ : : : : : :' ::, : -':';: ' , : . :; ':: . ::: ~:":':,:: ::: ' :::, :

S~ary.'•• •. ••.,. ;•• ••',~'.~":'.: •••.••,~,",.-:~ .,r,.,••'

1 -

ca ting·:t ha t.acraetyp e of int e r a c tion'oeeues,and'indica ting

Phil'ip Jackson

ind~c:~~ed

ⁱⁿ

~ 968~

^{tha t .}

1s~neofmY ri~dactiv i t y,'Inf;c t , Ja cKsoncl't~devidence fromon~of"^hisre s e ar c heff~rtl;ⁱⁿwhi~h^thetea~her^{'wa s}

. . . -

pr t or tothe c01I'.mencem.entof the.~ea chin9activi tyh'ay~

g.~rier·a'l1Y ~~.en

^conceivedofas bei ng o,ne'of thre e

types:~

^;:..

teache r variables, stud~ntvariables, andenV1rOll:m.ent~1.:.

var i a ble s. '.such'varia bles,WOUl d logi cally',.appe·a i toh~v~'.

•~oine^{ty pe'of} i'mpa~t~pon,t~ete.~~hing !!:~t\1aUdn.

Variationsof such framew C;; r ks have;beendevel op~d~by observe d uhaving engage din "esmanylIS10 00in,te rp e rs ona l lntercha~9"e8 ^{each d}a y " (p':11)" o~er^{the pas ttwo}~o^three decadesintcra'ctio nsin'classroomsha ve bee na~f.QClls'of

'~duoati~~:al ~ese~r~h, " I·nS.tru~ent~

^{.an d}

~roced~re~for s~ste":'

maticailyob~ervingand. recording classroombehav tors.have'.

been devised, ir.numerab l e var iab l e shave,be e n in vesti ga ted, and varlous conce ptualmodelsorfram~workshave been gener"- ,atedin'anat t emp t to.c ome to te m swith the tea:Chin g":'lea;ni.ng

pr oces s; . ' " . . ...

:; ' ~ . l .. . ~

~n gene:l"'ai~

^{'mO'd e ls}

~~.ft:amework~.

^o'f,

t~ac~ing h.ave~·.

'bas'ed

~Mn pres'a:ge/p'rooes's/product'not'ionS :--lis~1nq--variabl~s

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"'the Poss·ihie.outco mes'of,the·i ~teractionS:';·. Variables'~resent

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wh~~f1'elo.1ng"a stud entqueStionand"h as indic a t e ? that numero us

'~ther'

op'ti on sexist , Amonq 'the'opti.ons,'li ;t,e'dby re s ear che rssuc h al>Dunki nandBiddle(1974} andMcDon'ak d' an?- Elias(l976) . Ol. t1ma te l·y,sets of-verre bre e.eeed~p .i:e_te'd

:,". ' ,- , - .

as aspectsof,the'cl'as8robm-~r1e aT!li ng situation. Withi n tha t131tu a ti on , .the-fo cus ofresearch

ha s

been on'ob s ervable

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behavio'rs, Howeve r , suc h.f ra mewor kshave,.Ofte n-f~i ledto

·addressor.ackno wl e d ge-theuncbeervebierned ia'Uonalpr o ces s-.

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.c.on~ribute8

^to'

a~r;l ^shap!ls

^{theteac her} behaVio r !n

~he

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:cl~s_sr?~rn. 't~~sunobser vab lemediationa} process coul dbe ce1ieddeCl~ion-rnakin.j" -SUCh-!l"---proce·s^s.·may-occur.1Jnllledl"at~ir priortoate a c h ing behavio t'or ma y,be .theresul~oea'

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eeeetiec

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.ins t r?C~10 n a lPlan.^{.--'- . ', '.}Wha~e~e r ~ca Be^..

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d~?1"sion ^.. "ca"~. °

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-.teC.'.~tOf

^th.etea c h"

beh:"iior.~ , ,,' '. ,

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exampl e o·f"..the

occurrenc~;6f' the

de cUion-makin q --:;-~---^--- ,mediati<:malpr o cess! one'te~'~hlng^{situ'ati on'maybecons}ide r ed "

·tha~^{'o f} f1~ldlng^{seoe ene}qu~st1ons. ,~'~an^{(1 980 )}.?a~liste~

slxt~en respon aeopt io ns'which"e re ava i lable to"t.e:a chers _.

. ~,. ! 'itn~-it:~~ . i~'~d.ll~ial0·~~k·~n~. : .-~e~au re~-:·we~~·~,~i.en

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."ll"reJ.lltive l yenduring organ ization'ofbeUe!l".-

'.".aroun~an obj.,ct or situatio npr e d f epc•.lnqone..:...

torespo nd in'some_pr e f e r entialmanner. U97 0 ;",p;'112)'.

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vhlle-Xer l lnge r 'I d.efln itlonofa.tt1tud e va-.thllt.i t:'

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_selective l y'towllrdthe',refe r ent. o f the at t itud e. _. ":'. : .

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:·B~lectiy~, a~t1~~.",.,· a.r,<reite~~~~d. _~~_:,90~e, _f~~_:_'in ',~~

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" ,;. '::',abo ut, what au'fe l t',tobe theesaential:,featu~esof teae~irlq-;'

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t~&i

^onlydoea.a

~2~~:bif~~~~;r-"

^{po;Olof common'key,words}deacrl pUyeofthe~·· • '.

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:''an~?ed~i1h'~f':teach.e~ ,,~ha,:,ior:'~urface ,.~,~,···t:helile:~ef~nl-.

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. :',~ pr.ocese,~a~pe~r,l·

^,to

l~~O,lV'~, ,.~~ /n~:racu~n

^'Ofbel t"ef atruc-

"' .'-tur~8':,wlt~ ~i~~~~t~~ i~·;:~he ,:·,~~.~\1~~;1-~n·:;

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while"b~i i'~ !'atruct~ies:are"'~~)llce lve'd

of'

'~s'be1~q:lon~7' :

l ~St1ri'~i~~ :;;lt~~~' .~~~'~ 'i~di:c~~i,~a'~',~ ,th'i~ "'do·~~·.:n~t_,~ei~.:, ~~t: '

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~ew ;'expe~.1ences,.re-

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.·.:C~UIO~co~~.1der~d;ui,·QdeU:r;d~9.throu9h.th~··9-~lldu·a1;a~cw;.u-

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~~,e;, af feetive .~bm.p~nef\t'

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·~_C.K~,~n~l l ' ~' ':W?~~, a~d" C,09~i~:iO~S.

,s hoUl dbe',include d und ia,c.:

, the,

terin~·att1tUde~ . MCKenn~ll ,(l9Hl"purp,o¥~e~:-~~at·^{bo t h}ele~ents a~e irid~~c1,pa.,rt.s

wha~. lI\ake~'·,:a ·~ellef

^partlof

':'ari,,:'att~tuM

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:,ide a~e l.ementsthems'elve s ar e'!="e's pon ded',t o·emo tio n,all y.·· .

,In'technic al" jargon :the.atU tude,consist~of "coqnb,,:

tio ns 1nve s·te d w1thaf f ec t ~or:"hotcog n'i ti ons ".','·:rt.

is.th eevalu~t! ve:as pe c t sof,beJ,1efs,wh i ch,ma'ke s,(sic).

them,pa t:t'ofatt.1tu~esystem~ .· ' . ' .

' . . ..,) P.".~~ )

Katz';in,ooaw-~'s;'l'9?:i>::PI.·l6l".~;J..sO'a;;~owledged' ^{affec tive.}

•nd .~.g~~ti~. compon;nt~6~ ·'~t1tUd" WhiCh

^pro. i . po••"the

·.'i~:d

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i~i~~'a{::t6'·;~"a';~~t~::~om-e

_{' " '. ' ,}" I"~',',,

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^symbOl',','^':'OJ;,.,

obj~~'t'~~t

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:~~~ec~,

'. ^of

.his'world-Ln a.favor a b l e qrul'lfavorabiema:nner~-~a'~tep

~h~ ~~~i'~:ion~~~kiri9' ·p;~~~e~'. . ~h~· 'inipo~,£ariC~ "Of

^,•.ibe·

teach'~r

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to.t~i'· k~~W~~d9~. ~.i · a "'i1t~at~~; :.:'ct~ei ·,~609~i1-ii~ei .';l~~entl'.a~ ,

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~Il,tegralincocir d,1,nati Ii.9

: , a

'per sonal~~et'''O ~'ideasand' beliefs

'( t:~e··'affectlYe:~i:~me~~)·^..Pr10i

to'

tea:c:~~r<ictt~riO.~b~h~v~!:ir

::.h a e been,l1nd e rsc Qfe d'by Sharpand-Giee~,(19 7 5'>.

as

W~ ll•.

~1:';:7~the, va~y~n,~"'ch~racter~zat'iO~~' ~f : fh~.,component's

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~:.oi" p,r~4;1:~po:~·~t~op's':l\i~'se~:-ed"

^by

,dHf~r~nt. a~~o,~,s.·'and ~he:'_

fac.t\.~hat:many'^..a~thors·,^{hay 'e'}~ugqest.ed.'th a t pre-d.isPOSit1ons

;

.~"a;~~.bt'q~n1z~~. i~n.

^a',

~t';~aich:i.caC fas'hi~n ~

^{.t Re}

~~'tu~1' pr9~es¥,

,.oL:-<Ie'ciaion-~llakln,s'~s

.

aff~~ted'

h ;'

:i:eac he,J:..prEl?iB~OSit1?~S, 'i-" ·· -

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17

f~r__:~e'operationOfpred1s~91t.i.on.:1II1g.ht:be inhe rent"In

."t:.he.h~e~archlcA~·orcjanlzat10nOfpredb~.lti~;;8>That 18,.

~.1·y:;·er:~l~~p~'a'"fr~'Wlth1n:·s~~~·fic,_clLteqorle.^or-~he:·"mo.t-

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....ne g oll tive judge-n tof the be~ViOr)^and~th88~jeCtive no:m·

(howthel~dlV1dUar:feel.othe rs willVl~w.thebeM v lorJ~ I fonly'

ee_~~in

^bellefsar'eearr ene,

~en, '

^{certainattitudes}

._.o rInf l ue neell..

:l~ ~e ' .~je ct1~e· no~ _Y"e~e::t

^{9ceil;t er':}

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lnf1u.ence _·E~n the; 1~d.1Vldilal .

thus rellult;l nq

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.extempo raneous behavio_",. ~' " - '.rs being de monstra ted .. , ' ". , -, .For instance ,' Aj:l:en",aridF18hb~lii' .0.9801,indica te/that-the,'lubjectl v eno'm'":.

.' "". m~: -; e:~~:rt· p,r~~~u:r~:.\~ ~,~r~~~'·?~ . . n~~ t~, p'~;~.~~ .: a'\il~~~, be-~

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, a v ,o: , !nd'~,"d,n' otth,,,,,r.~n" own att,~ud~ t o,ardth; . . . .

.t i:':b~.ha~i~.'i.n:: q_u.e_~ti,b:~~I'· (p.'~_ 7 ' ) , : : : ;::·~~;~,: ;'Ul,d.. ,~~:,~~,:~~~·e.,:~~~~,.·: ,.::",:.' -:.'.~' ^{"(. . ..' .\ ..'}

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8uppo'rtive:'-' .:"" -':',-;':.:

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~~\~.ing~.' .. ~.The -ele;n~ntl . O't "hOri~ _ ~nd ."~ . '. --'": -,

:.":'. ~~i}i_".(crOcie~:.:~ .t-,~~.: ^{.. _ '} .~~~6;:_;.tiy~~~: _~~,.O~8t.~f,~..-:i9_~3 ~:': ^: ";:-:"

:_":P,:"lme::"19"7~ ),the.l!-chool."(C,ro_~keret".al., 19 76,_Dye r, ~n_

, :: :::n:~'::;:l::::'(:m:e:h,::::;~i:;;~;::~::;~:~" ~'

. ~~~ri,; :-19i8iJ;;:~~~ \~~'. st~~~.nt9 (~~~k~'r\~t. ~i,:",':'~'~-76":""",_~.: ;

32 li.ter~,tur~^reV,l ew pr oce s,s'a~dth~<:~~~~~'!<U:iO~hlP:'-~f^these elementlwall;e xaml ned_ip,termlfof the teacher '8deflnitl-cm:

_..

~ _ of :~~ 'Blt,:iati~~~

^.;Firial,lY,

a

mo&l'of the

dec1.~i~)fi~maklng

';"

e,

.

.

^{:.; ':}

"

as beinq~rt1CUlarlynote!! fa ; itsthe or e t ica l ori e ntation;

·.

·that~1

^to

' .a Y

the

~e leotion '~f

^Iterll8

c~pridn~

^{ao-Sort .}

.car;

^btl

.-ade~i~·h t~e '~~Cl~l~"-pu~~e':o~ ~heory

^{bUUdl nQ"}

't:_ ,

·.,uJ .tbe<i;;' . ~~8t1~~· -{co~en,

^.

~9 76; '~. -' 13~~'

^{•..su:.l"l;rlYI}

Ne~t

:":~';,nd c~~n

^(Ufi7l

.cc:.am ~nted·- u~n ' ~e

^the or y bUihUnq

prope~-

^..

· ~:ties_bf· the o · -so ' rt. proc ed~n;.

: '~ ·'t"t,~·~s !r~~ti~~tif _ arf .. con'.trp~t~d_:in,-~~ciC~_rdall;~~·'.Wlth ~~~~b#F~:",:,' ,~

^__

P~f~l~Ul~i:

^_

~~eory-~-~ ..:'; : I ;~'S ·

.-.

;iu'Ch~

a' lImi.tation·

m~y

"be

"~;erco~':

if;,'acco' ;;unq :

to,

Redburn,

=:~:':

·"al sO.be'se en'&8pos'!nq-

SOIIleaoubts

abo·u.twhether'the:ind~-

.~>

^{'pe ndence}

o~

^the

~~O~'t 'f~~'~ ' ~~'~ r~'-~a~:~or~~at10n

.

i~

.. \~_~fU_l~:-' ~'~~db~~;~~9~~lIt~:d ' ~~\ ~-;u:t'Il~:~~h~·.~~l(:,~~·~e:~~~"::: :·

.:u8..y_q~~~~~t~'~lffere.nt·~~an~q.s:'f.O~,· :dif,fer.en,~'lndlvid~~i. ;:~

.0.'

ma~, .. t.h~ ,~~~.:;arr~ g~~~~ .:O~" p'att~~lI.'.' of 'l!t~te~~

^ts

_.~

^'.>

.' .

~.~~,q~~~ ·dl.~~~.:~n,t. ~~qi~~,~.~o,:'dl:~erj~~'.'.~u.~~~c:~:e~~_ •. :'t~~7.~, : :.

"p..7701."However,·.Rlldburnnoted.,thatwhile'the:he uri s ti c·.:. ···

"•••••. ::::::t:~:~o;::.;i::::ym::::;!:i::b:.~::::·:~{:::·ir:':r :···.

"'~" '~:e~~ra·l ':·o~~~.~rilll ''' l ~;:,t.heY·:~Y., ma~~':e:ffo~t~ · :C1'',~n~ure,, ·tll.a~ ·

^>',.,;::;'"..'. ,'.:

• • 'J.'.'~^{,; ••}'·th~':ir'so"rt.i~·.·coriaiitent··~i'th :~th'er Dleaiure-.,ofthe~.·problem^'; ,~.^'.'.'..:,'

_,'::;' '.. : { . '__ ~nd~~ .. ~tudn ii ·tbeY ·~Y:'e~·lo; "I~ver~~·: l~d;'pend~nt j~d~~~·;~' ·· ":,;','

',: ~ .' ._<~'. '" '. ':~ .:- ..:,' "'..:':

.:.':.:...

:.

....:'

-'.. ;

"

" ...

~.,

'o r31they'fQA Yeva."1.ullt e th~c-seeeuPon-itscompi~t10n_bY'~ri.

.... :::::::;::~:::~:d:~iH~O>mth",r.tica1 Po;l; 'D~ < Dn.:';; ^•.

. " . ca99'.i&~~(l970rhllS:lridi~a~~::thai··.theo:-~t.::bY

Hi,','

. v~?- -zrt~~:e ^- ~.~;'·~.·.-lP·,~~~.:~e_ :~e~~.~;~.~- ~~~~.~'~~" ~~~~~~~:~': ^{:_ '} :~: ^.

..In_~v~.d~~l be~~t,~A~.e~,l~.·_hi ~. _~.ri~bt::and.~t:C:.o.m~a~lfd

...

^~

:":'ti.~.e8ituatlon;il?~.the',A~f1~ltlon"o<th~"aU uattp'n~~iCh" , .:':" .,

~';.~~~/p~,~~:~~t~d,::·l.n:,: c~.~~:~~i:: ~.~!',· '·;; ·<r.~~h.7~,·~.~~~,~~~:~!~~, ,~.f,: ~h~,: ^{..' "' ..} :~. :' ^{, ': " " ;} .~;,.: ^..

'componentsofthe'ob j ective-9:itua Uonwaa'pre aent ed_throUgh ,,~':;:~:.'~." " \(

'~~'f~l~:~~~'i~~ .~~.~ ,~.n.t~'~·i~~

^..

,p~:e.d~'r'e'a ~~'~,~~~ib~~ ;:~'~'.··tii~{:<~~:~,"'I:;'~':" t:.. ~~

~:p~e..ent ? haPt e r:' ''' ·-" ". .:.. . '. . _.'. .:~'.:....;::' ).';/

. Tho, _{~~xt" II~ep ' in _ ~o~_st~ct. v.a~·ld~ tio~ .} ~qulie~·' ~ri" ' '''' . '" ".

. :c

....

~.>;.-.:~:':

....,,',. ' ".,.,{~ . .,'", " ,"",',' , ,'>:".:~; .. :~<~;

^.

. ::'11~'~;::~~:": ~:~=: _" ; ":":U

~:~xac~£nq'

^definition:

o~ the .,C~n8truct~· be~~9 : .tQ~;d:

^{.'·In'.' .;::-,'; .}

-,

~~~~~,i~U,a:~, ".de,~~~~i~~ .~~n.: Th~

^..

itif?V~,~~:~." ~ ~r;~~,:.8~Slti:~~,B~ ,

^"c

Empirlca Uy ,.then ,.ee ns eecc e val1di tymay'cbedemonstra ted "',:::, '

'-~~i~,~i~:::b~ca~:~8" 'th~ ~~'o'~ten~ " vaiid~t;' h~.' '~'ee~','~~~n~tr~ted'··."· >/.<: ,,':..

::.> ~~ "8~~~itdi~·:·.bec,~,~8·.~:·t~/·s~~.~~~·~' ~.~o~'e~~~~ ,"~~lid' ~~~:i:.h~';~~. .r:.

""

:·:c,~ne.nt.B

and

,th~.

1,091ca1'

re l~tiOl\ahlPB,.exP~~~d .b e~~~n

^{-'.:-. --.",}

..' < :: ::: : : : . :.::;:"::::i::~;:e:~:r::~~:::t:~~~t::V~:;~~~ .;;:", " , :.'" "

.

-

'.-~

" .

~....,~:

,'"

" I I :'

,.·f;.•.'t~~:.

' .•

~' ,:'~~ary :

^'.

, 7\~'" r;~;.',~

. .

">.'::~~

j_>.:l.

": :~ f~<~ine~~~~o~.

^In

., a n"'1.~. ~~~~ Yj.n~e~~~9at~~ : ~~~C.h~~- p.r~d!8.r.~~.~· ':.' .-;.:.. :.~ 1

po.ition'.· ,In

relat1~il'

^tQ-

th~·.

^tea'cher'

decl~1on':'~k1ng -~c::ea

^{•••.: ..:...}

:~.}.:/;\.~

~:_~~~i~n~~~'~~~/,~~::'l~~l~~~~~,,"~f;~,+:~~~c~\~~~~~ ·~i:.~~~~ :.~~:~" ^{.;,. .' ,',.}

cess'w.a..'bpre8en~~d',bec~u8eof,th~~t_ra,dit1ona-l'-~oml.•~1."n

o' f<"

~

,-,-

the'

·non~~at1~tlc41~.p·~ramete-rs' -Of. lteJll po~l.deYelopme~i:

^{'in .: ...::"1.'}

. ::'-. :.~"::' .,.,-'," "',-"' :.': :: ....- .:" . ,-~ " , . .. .' . ... .:.:./ . :/:r.

r.e"8ear7~reportl!'0~.;~he ~~v~ loprile'nt._of"at~l tude_1l\~atJures. ' , '. 1t -."iI.

, de~ci-l'ptlo'n of~ ^{th e 1 chi ef'} nl"ethod~ ^{of ' eUciitin g:}

^imd

" 'g~iietl-' :.,,:~.':

^:

~,~. ,

, : .,tln.1t~m'~'; ,rf,:r£: ++ ~e~~o~<~,:"i'~;d q' .b~.inC' "; ':

,, :::i::e:e:~ :::n~:p~x::;::::L::~~~::LbL::::::t~::L: ,,'.'~ .,' i it f,;

.

~~~~i:;':~~'f~~~~ . ~~d' d~·~1~~t1ons-,.~ere' r~~~ed'. ~s :'~'~i~ :cl~il~/~

^'.'.\ ':'::;,' .:

,~.

^'.,'

':,~~. ~e8~ '~,r~cedure~ ~it1ma:~lY '~llDin'~ted

^'inthe

d8rlvatio~

^of

'J: ..' ~,'. ~;.~0~-' /" ,

' ·~'·~~i~~;~a~. fr~e'olOr~~ ~~81st;~~ 9' o~

^{some:,;'i tem s}

w~~:" ::. ' -::::"

^{I ','}

.'';::Cc ollpanyi nq,

defln~tl0~. . 'The~~'tem'~

^Bet.

thU~ ' d~~l V~·d w~.:

^{': :(}

.i.: ..;..:

:-G:'.

';'.~

...• _{~ ~:~::::. ::~:::: :t:} t~:::n:9:~::::.~::'::::~ r :~ .·:· : >:;r ;w ~ :

:..

~

^..'..,',

l~dlc:te ·that.:both·:,~~~~nt: ~':'-d :'con~~ruct' va'~idl~~, ~~h ~':',::' ..

.adequ' lltel y,

demonstta te Q.-:' . .' ..."'.'~'~'.:.

' , . '

-: _;h:::e::'. ~!~::t:,~~~~:~:T:.~~::t:;:~,~l::t~n~ ' ..

. '.:.";::

s1t~~ion' o " {":the . fO~,r ~pon ~";nlch.

^to'

b~'IiJ :th~I1~" r~~~n5~. :"-

/So rter s'W'erer~lredt~:'COmPlete:t,heaort-o R"twoOccasions,' :'

Vl~

^a.

d ne w.,e:·~nterval bet~~ teBt~ . · '.

.I'.:":::::.

.c. , ":. :~..

:.:

.. ... ~:.>; . . ~. :', T~e,. -~~_~.u~~~~~.~. a~rtt~'s.:,;~:_~,~~S~.~::·l.~. ~~~. -.~O~.

^__

:~~'>;· .._ " . ... ~."'~'"."

• ":'.lit~11~ty..of·lndlvl~u~l"~each~r._ra~k:l~91l1~' , ~,,~tabl11ty_of; ..

,. \-.

::.' ~. ~~~l~.'i,c,,:it~m.'.f~~;~':'pa'rtl~i1i a:r:_ -q~~tip ", , t,, ~~.a~~e~s··:~nd~'~the:· , -.

" &it-abU i ty,of'the'Ite~8_tlie~selve s.~:'To thi~

end

the,f.o.il~wlnq"^.

• ····. >.{ ::::·::;::e:~:et:::P!~::::~t'::r:O:::: :::; . c:::,:::e;::u;:= " ." .

..:.. '. ifllI"ca:r_r~l~t.ion"·fo~each~eaCherwere"averaq'ed,ueln"9 , '" . .

." ',. ? , . il~h~i~·s·:~.· ~~~-~et~'~~n~' tt:e.:·~e.in ·i:e'si. -:".iet~~rrelat~o~i ..

;:r. ~>.. <·-::.:. ~,) :>~:_~~_~ ~~~: t~~.~· ~.: re'~~~t ,,_~~.r~~~~~_~t~~·:.t.~r·:.1t~ ~~~lnq8~_~~\~ ^{, :'}

~?

...

'r-. . _ch·o.f the.fourdif f e re n t l o rt1.n q'IltUll.t1om i1011.1.c alculated.

~{.,

:"" .-,'. _usU;g

Fltl~:~' ~ .~,

^.

~'nd:~~~16~n8 .~de ~rOU~h~~~" ~~alY~l/

'I.

.:>~~·_,-·.~:';· -, i:":'~:~-~'-_,v~~~_~ce.>~~~~~n'.,:~d::-4~- ~_ :r~_~~~~~\~f ,-l~dl~.~d~~~ 1~~:

~~~~

^{• ••••: . •1_ were}

:ave~aqed. a~~ ~he:

^.eOr_re l at1 6n-

C:~fiClent

^for

~e~; ~t~lll_

':~~

,. :;.:<'

·.""rankiJiqs· wll.ScaiC~.lated'.~-

:. ..;,,, ::.,",, . .

:~,.

;--;- ..•..'" '-' -.';': , .'... \: ....: :-::: ..••

:.~. ·} ll"·.::.,~"::"

~~J~ ' . "~-:":. . .- >':'::~-; "

'.-,"" .-.:'- '.' .'-

:.-~

^{.. -.- ..}

i8 '. ; ;-. , ." ~: ^• ~:l:'~~e''''~'~~'\he'.n.i,t'nCY nf ",ndl;'d~.; t~;;Ch.,." ~ :, ,t . .'

~~~~ - "" "::', - t t rankinq '~f 'ltema f:rO~

^Time1toTime

2 ,

^Iaf.requencY

'r.. ·,. ·>:~.~.':+:' ~'·::'

l: il~ 1i l{;li~jlj~~ ~,j;~:{

) '. " &O~ re~re~ent,ed

^a

fi~ed

^objecU've

s1tua~ion ~ B y:-Ue Pfe8~~-~

".taUo n,:'o fdlffer~~'iort.·ln9'ln8t~ct1ori^•.(te~chi~~Bitii~~ion8)'

..

:~:~. p~ed~'P:OSiuona:'~f ~th~ te:~~~e~· ·cOUI.d: ~\:ons~d'efe? a.~

^...

"lntera~tinq^{wi th}'t~eo.?je c u vesituatio~:', T~.~~~racd~~

,would.behow_,the't eacller.d~'fined,~·e.teach 1 n;a1t.uaU ona~

"", ~es~r~b~dby,~ec,!-rdsa~d,sorttnq·1natrUc t!o'na.'

."The

a'?t~aI(.:

.sort~d.~rdc; .of··~e:e5rd,S~ui'd'repre s ent~t.he tea~h'e~· 8^{..·'::·': :::.,'}

~efinit:~on _,

_,,".:

" ln t'~n;,.E!

^{of a}

hle~~r~t~t1'cn: o~ .th'~, ~·,: :

" ' " ," ' . . , " ""~.'. " .

elemen t !!of theteachin.qsHuat ion. '

.: 'i ince:: _{a1~. teach~-;B h~~'}

to

d~al , ~,it~>~e .am~ ;objec~:i.ve

^.:

situationll(de ckof car ds )i'tea Cher diffe'r e ncell1nthe'

. .. :::':::t~: :: : :::::::'.::::: . ~e~:r:::~~r:· tb':d'if'::

.

_~

.

_A~.-ode

..

step ininllt~~~t c~struction,1.al1da tiOn'a nd' .:rel1ab1~itY:^proc e du re s,we;~Iinde~taken;"^The1~.st~ent'^W51

co~'-ide r~d^{ashavlnqconstruct and co n ten t} validity."such..

• ' ', - , • "' r ~

:.'validitywu' ,ellta bl1'hed,pr tmrllyas a·; e.sui t of

the :. "': ' '~

. " " ,

'." ., .,.- '

, . : .

'.

:

"stri oglmtp~c&dur~8~B·.ed:in'the.construc~ionof.~'ln~tiai.'

ltelD.poolfO,r ule inthe,inBt~ent.

A'.' ,t~st-.ret'8t.~euabi l~tYpioced u're~all.Ulled. '~'·

est'abllsh't h e"reli~bil1ty

, of.

the;'lnlltrwneo~. ^A8~p'le

of

:46

'~Wnmer.

^school

8t~dents:

, .'^all,

~~' wflom'

.

~ad ·~··mini.m.Um':of

" . ' "

. t~·.' ·

,""ye~rs

of'

tea c h'ins exper i e nce,we x:erequiredto.c:o:n~iet~th~

sort''on twO'occ~s10nB,e parated·by a onewe eldn.terval. The

~'6mpie: '~al con~~~e"red' a·~

^..

repres~~(ii:lg ·~t:~ 8IXell.'· ·~1~age.,

^.

~d.~r~i,and..ur~an..te,c~~r·8•

.

::-,-- _<c;

~

.:~-:.

a~ the.·'sampleus ed: ·in th18'stu dy •.

··Rel1abil1 tyw~s'.eree.exam~~edbyinveat19af~9

.,%;.et est'_.',corr~lil.tionlji_: ^._"that_{.'. :}exi sted_'.'for_' .th e fo\ir_I :~ e ts

inilitrUcti on s •.~~Bi.9-nif1can tdU fEi re nceewero,•.••••~.." .:_. ,•.•..

betwee~

the

tes t~retest:correlat1on8·~f . ;"t he·

tot'~l : tea,t.ret~8t .co r·rel.a't:l~n.

~e fOll~1n9^areli~.1.tatlon~·;"~l~h^:iaust:D....=!'••o,o<.'"'. :" .:

~h~·n ,:~~~.lElW,inq t~~ presen,t~ ~~UdYJ. ,

^..

. .. ~. ^{..:.,:,,;. &'.} ii;dlnr'~

^{of tile}

~tudY ~;-e' ~,~l.tcd :,~t~.+~.

rece ivedfrOilteache r s1nNewfoundland. teach inq.,·,

• ...., •• . . I ,. .

Und.erg jl;ten.to Gra~ eEl ght• .'1'h~·-responses

of

theteachers wlIre

~YPOthe,tical~ ~e~~l1-·~~~.·~~e~.8;~u~~10n

^•..

;·~8aC:h~;

ma y differ.1~'t.her:; e·41·li£eset~inci"•..Th is'l1m~t~t1onis

~~"format~ ^{However, it}sho~ ld^{benoted t.ha t us eof} a"'teal'

·~esettingwou ld not beabletober~l1Cll,tedand

·th e r efore jU;t as

l1ril1t~d.

'

."

... - '

^{.... .' " '..', . ,..,':}

correla tion'of'•64~asfound fo!:,·the'liea llure•.T.bis cOlllpa:t:ed .

tav otirably

io ·~-,;·eiage··U~~-~~·~lt :correiad~·~n~ ~f ·. 6;, :~ .78·'·

~ r~~o~ted '-b~ .~e~i l~9~~'· e~~': ' I~'~a8 '~on~ lud~d ·~h~~ . tbe i~~t~

^••·

.-...

1le~t: vO~·id ,ha~·e. ·adeqUate\el1~~.1.,t~.\'h~~~X~i~~9 ' ~e: ~~

.».

~..'",_.

<

.;

. .

· . " " ."". " . : <;/;... .

.r»the ll.uthor.'s.jUdQe;aeiit;.,·the.d 1t f~:e nce s ~n .

re-I1abilltl~.

^of.

thi~' i~5~rument: ~lCh

"1ll19ht"be

fo~d

in o~erPopu~ation8.^ofteac~er~·ⁱⁿ~~p~vln~~._ ·l~likelyto beamall.

.-,..,>. ^{" -:-.:;' .}

"..;.

·::;:·: i " ": -'.

Blal~cki^{'H:M: . J:r.·.,Ani}nt ro du ction to social r e sear6h .'·'; En g l ewoodClif fs:.,Prent i ce,:"Hall ,"Inc.,'1970 .'

, B~~i~'cik': "~ >M.

^:'

'J~,.

^,,,':,

~'~aloc~';"

^..

~ :, ,~

^•.

'M~~hO~~'i~gy 1~

, . socia l,ra s ear c h_"Ne w Yo r k; 'McGr a w-:Hil J..'Inc.,· 1968 .

-" , ::'·B1.OC~.,' :~> K.: ., ~ ~,~m~ari~~n :Of fO~(£ed:;nd:':~~f~~ced

^"0'

~~rH~~" ','

pro c e du res'. '"Educ at i on alandPs yc ho l ogi c a l Measurement.'.

;,:-'.".i.,::

,:~~,~~.~ , ~:!.'" 4,~r4.~:-: ":., , . :"- ,-.: ,: :,; " , , ." ' ; ' ~'l .-""" ·"~ '··-

.-B~oc.k;J.'H.· The Q-sort metho din pe r a on a Uty'a s s es s ment

.:' ;' .'":~~,~rf:6'c~~a;~~~~~7s~;~~~^•.'sP~~:,:field~^{.-.,HanOi s\}

.':Caggi an o,R;,"Th~,relatlo~ship bet~'een""the,va l ues and,,:.-

at titu~e s'o feleme ntary'ljc hool·teac he ruand pupil,s ,.' rega rding pupilbehavio rs. ,Gradua teRes e arch·,inI.'.: . , ,Edu cat~onand Rela tedDiS~i pline ~, 1970,'! ,:8J ~n'," .: '.: '. ,:'

, _c:l~~k: •.: L · .

P,'"Int r od uct io n'to'"su rv ey aanci..inteiVi e....s -.1'

c;ot~n~

^.:',:"' ,

on.HuCiso ni,NY:,~:P,oq.cy,Studi e~As sociates, 1~76.,·! · .

.t~h~n~

:L..

'·Ed~caHo~a:1'rese~rb~:'in'clas:sr~;·'~~d ~~h~"lS. .: \~:·t.-·,·

.: ':,:~.~?~.~~,~,

^=,''.-:

Ha.~pe}:

^;nd.-

~?,',~ 1.9,~6. ,

'/>", ' :, ". .'.,..': '

',-'« ..L . .:....': ;\

C.~~Ck;~~a~~g~~~ .~~a~;~~hi~q' i~a~~~~~t~~>/ S~h~~;~' .~~~~~~

^,-

andclas s roo ni·b e hav i o ra l"cOn se g ue rtc e s - - r e se a r c h","',"""'., proposal.',',Unpub l is he d 'manus c r ipt,"M~emo r1'a l un~v~ rs~ty''..

:;. -.':' ,0: ., ~eWfo<un~:~,a~d" ~~,l:~: ~ 976

".:"i:

',.',"::,. '"~

. :

'~',

,"

, >:~ ,, ~:,> :t.: ,~, .~;

..Cr onb a c h,:L.',J-,':Es sential s'ofp s ycho l0 9icaltes ti nq,( ~.rd,ed.l...-~'"".

. 'NewYo r k :..He.rper.andRow, 1970 . . ." .",. ,

. Srtl~b~~~) t.s: & G''l~~~'r~ . G. ,,~:~;',;,,/lS'Se~si~9: Sl~i~'~~i~·Y:~.-:'\;:

". , "be t wee nprofil es :' '.'The Psych ol ogicalBUllet1n,'.:19.s ~J

.':,2.2.,:456-:0 4 7 3. " , , ,",':,:.' ',.'- .",:",,.-~."::','.".

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