61
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫﺭﺇ
ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ : لﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼ
ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ
ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﺭﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ )
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (
ﻥﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻫﺍﺩﺒ ﺎﻨﻤ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ
ﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﺼﻗ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻘﻨ ﺔـﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻔ
ﺝﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ، ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ :
"
ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﹴﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﹴﺽﺭﻏ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻅﻔﻝ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ
ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ –
ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻰﹼﺘﺤ –
ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻅﻔﻝ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ .
ﻭـﻫ ﺎـﻤﻓ
ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻅـﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻪﻝ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ .
ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻓ
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ
pragmatique .
ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﻭـﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺏﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﺩـﹼﻠﻘﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ّلﻜ ﺍﻭﺭﺼﺤ لﺒ ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻌﻨﺘﻘﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻨ
ﻪـﻝ ﹲﻅﻔﻝ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻴﻅﻓ ﻁﻠﺨ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻁﺨ ٍلﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ .
ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ
ﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ لﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹴﻉﻭﻨ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭ
ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻘﻁﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻱﺃ ﺓﺩﺤ .
ﻥﻴﺜﺩـﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭـﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ
ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺃ ،ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﻭﻤ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﹴﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻠﻝﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺼﺃ ﻑﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﺕـﻠﺘﹸﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴﻓ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺜﺤﺒ ." ...
)1(
62
ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ "
ﺏـﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺸ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻔﺸ ﻙﻔﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ
ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻑﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝ ﻰﹼﻨﺴﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤ ﻑﺸﻜﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹶﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺒﻜ ﺏﻴﺼﻴ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻨﹼﻜﻤﺘﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ
. ﺍﻭﻜﻠﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ
،ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﻅﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ ﹴﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤ ّلﻜ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻫﺩـﺼﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﺔـﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺎﺜﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﻤﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ."
) (2
ﺏﻭﻠـﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼـﻜﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺱﺭﺩـﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ، ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﻭـﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻁﻁﺸ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻅﺤﻠﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴ .
-1 ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ
ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ :
ﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﺤـﺼﺃ ﻩﺩﺩﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ
"
ﹰﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﹰﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺏﻘﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺒﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ
"
ﻭﺃ ، "
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ
،ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺅﺘ لﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴـﺴ ﻭﺃ ،ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭ Contexte de
situation
"،
) ( 3 لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ . ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ "
ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ "
ﻥﺃ "
ﻲﻤـﺴ ﺎـﻤﺒ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ
ﻲﻗﺎﻴــﺴﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎــﺒ Contextual Approach
ﻲــﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨــﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ، Operational
Approach ﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﻋﺯ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،
ﻩﺎﺠﹼﺘ Firth ﺔـﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ...
ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻭ )
ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ (
."
) ( 4 ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﹰﺍﺫﺇ contextual theory
،ﺙﺭـﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ
ﺼﻭﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻪﻔ .
ﻙﻝﺫـﺒ ﺕﺜﺩـﺤﺃﻭ
ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ...
ﹴﻡﻭـﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﹸﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﺭـﻬﻅﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻲـﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﹴﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ
."
) ( 5
63
ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﺩـﺤﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :
ﺎـﻨﺃﻭ ،لﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻪﺤﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ
ﻲـﻓ ﺫـﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺙﺭﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻌـﺘﺴﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺃ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ
" ...
،) ( 6 "
ﻲﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ :
ﻥـﻤ ﻡـﻬﻔﻴ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ
ﻅـﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺞﺘﻨُﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ،ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻨ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﹼﺙﹸﺘﺠﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺯﺠﻌ
لﺜﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴﻭ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ :
ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ
،لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻨﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻰﻁﻋﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ )
ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ (
ﹰﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻴـﺴﻔﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﹰﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ
ﻑﻭﺭـﹼﻅﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺯـﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒـﺴﺃ ﺍﻭﺜﺤﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ
ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ .
ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ...
ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺌﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ
" ...
،) ( 7 ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ
ﻫ ﺕﻨﻤﺁ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺃ ؛ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻑﺸﻜﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ .)
( 8
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺍﺫﺇ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ :
"ﺃ - ﺔﺤﻴﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻑـﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏـﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻨـﺼﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻁﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ
ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ...
ﺏ - ﹰﺍﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﹰﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻁﻨﻝ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ .
ﺝ - ﺔﻴﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ...
ﺩ - ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ .
ـﻫ - ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ ؛ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺏﻭﺠﻭ ﺔـﻐﻝ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻁـﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩـﻋ ﻥﻤـﻀﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ...
ﻭ - ﺎـﻤﻋ ﻑـﺸﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪـﻝ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺤﻭﻭ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ
ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻨ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ
"،
) ( 10 ﻯﺭـﺘ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻠﻴﺤﺘ "
ﻤـﻀ ﻪﹼﻠﺤﻤ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺒﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺙﺭﻴﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥ
"
ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ "
ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴـﺴ ﺎـﻫﺯﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﻌﺘﺒ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ .
ﹴﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺩـﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺼﻭﻝ ﹰﺎﻨﹼﻨﻘﻤ ﹰﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺡﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
64
ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﹰﺔـﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ∗
" ...
،) (11 "
ﺭـﻴﻤﺃ ﺡﺭـﺘﻗﺍ ﺩـﻗﻭ Ammer
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻲـﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﻠﹼﺜﻤﺘ
: ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ Linguistic context
ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ،
ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ Emotional context ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ،
Situational context ﻲﻓﺎـﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،
Cultural context ."
) ( 12
ﻊﺴﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﹸﺘ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﹰﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﺭﻨﺠﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤ
Wegner ﺭﺭﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ، "
ﺱﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻤـﻀﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﻥ
ﺔﻘﺒﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎـﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺼﻝﺍ لﺒ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ )."
(13 ﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺩـﻴ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺜﻴﺩـﺤ ﺕﺴﺴﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ
ﻪﻴﺠﻴﺭﻓ Frege لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، "
ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﹰﺎﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﻘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻩﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ :
ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ،لﻭﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻻﺍﻭ )."
(14
ﺜﺤﺎﺒ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔـﺴﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﹸﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻭ
ﻥﻴﺎﺘﺸﻨﻐﺘﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻤﹼﻨﻠﻝ Wittgenstein
ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎـﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺭﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﹼﺘﻠﻝﻭ ، "
ﺩﻭﻌـﺴﻤ
ﻱﻭﺍﺭﺤﺼ "
ﺔـﻌﺒﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﹰﺔﻁﺎﻁﺨ
ﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻲ
:
65 ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺭﻫﺎﹼﻅﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ
ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ
ﻓ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲ
ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ
ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ
ﻨﻤ ﻡﻋﺃ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺎﻬ
:
ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻴ
ﺎﻫﺫﺨﹼﺘﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻨﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ
ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ
ﹰﻼﻴﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﺤﹼﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﻲﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻲﻓ
ﻤﺼﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴ
ﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘ ) ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺒ
ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ (
ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻁﻋُﺃ ﺎﻤﺩـﻌﺒ ﹰﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﹰﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﹰﺎﺼﻝﺎﺨ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﻡﺜ ،ﻩﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘ
"
ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻤﺤﻝ ﺩﻴﻤﺤ "
لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﹰﺍﺭﺴﻔﻤ " :
لـﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﻥﺇ
ﺝﺎـﺘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻴﹼﻘﻠﺘ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ : ﻷﺍ ،ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺤ
. ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
ﺔﻁﻠـﺴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔـﺠﺭﺤ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﹸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻓﺭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ؛ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﹼﻁﺨﺘ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ .
ﺭـﺜﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﹼﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
لﻤﻬﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ )
لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﹰﺔﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤ .
ﺔـﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﻋﺃ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻜ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﻪﺒﺸ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺕﻨ
66
ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﹶﻔﹶﺘﹾﻠﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻐﻝﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ )
ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺤ .(
ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ
ﻪﺘﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻁﻋُﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ
"،
) ( 15 ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ
ﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻥﻤ ﹲﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎ
ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻥﻤ .
ﺍﺫﺇﻭ "
ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤـﺴﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻫ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﺃﺭ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻼﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺒﻴ ﺍﻭﺤﺍﺭ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔـﺴﻼﻓ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ
ﻥﻭـﺜﺤﺒﻴ ﺍﻭﺤﺍﺭ ﻲﻝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺒﻫﺫ ﺩﻗ ﺩﺭﻭﻔﺴﻜﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ؛لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺓ
ﻥﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ
." ...
) (16
ﺎﺒﻝﺍ ّلﺠ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﹰﺍﺀﺩـﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴ ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﺜﺤ
،ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺎﺒ "
ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩـﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻱﺭﺎـﻤﻴ ﺩـﺤﺃ ﻼـﻓ
ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ anglosaxonne
ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﹼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،
ﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻌﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪـﺘﻔﹼﻠﺨ ﺎـﻤ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻔ
لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻝﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ )
ﻕﺎﻔﺨﺇ ( ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘـﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻜـﺴﻤﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ
ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ L'autonomie de la syntaxe ﻲﻝﻻﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺠﺒ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﹼﺘﻠﻝ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،
sémantique ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ،
pragmatique ."
) (17
-2 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ
:
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻓﻭﻭ "
ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻋ ﺭﺫﻨﻤ "
ﻪﹼﻨﺃ "
،ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩـﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝ
ﻲﻜﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺒﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﻼﹼﺜﻤﻤ .
ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻀﻴﻭ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
. لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ...
،ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﻤـﻀﻤ ،ﹰﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻭ ،ﹰﺓﺭﻜﻓ ،ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻕﺒـﺴﻤ ﹴﻲﻨﻤﻀ ٍلﻜﺸﺒ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻝ ﹰﺎﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻤ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ...
ﻲـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ّلﻜﺒ ﹰﻼﹼﺜﻤﻤ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﹰﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﻭ
ﹰﺍﺭﺜﻨﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻌﺸ .
ﺇﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻬﺘﺭﻴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫ
ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ .
ﻭ ﻪـﻨﻋ ﹰﺎـﺤﺎﻴﺯﻨﺍ ﺱﺴﺄﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝ ﹰﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ...
ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻝﻭ
ﹰﻼﻴﺒﺴ :
ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨ .
ﺔﻝﻻﺩﺒ ﺝﺭﺨﻴﻭ ،لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻨﺌﺎﻜ ﺔﺠﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ
ﻩﺯﺎـﺠﻨﺇ ﺔـﻴﻨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﺠﻨﻴ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ...
ﻭـﻬﻓ
67
ﻉﺎﺒﹼﺘﻻﺎﺒ ﻻ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻉﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺎﺒ .
ﺎـﻬﻁﻘﺘﻠﻴ ﺫﺇ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﹶﺔﻨﻤـﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹶﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻝﻭ
ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺸﺇ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻴ
ﹰﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺤ ﺕﺍﺭ ." ...
) ( 18
ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﻴ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺴﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻔﻌﺒ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺼﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻗﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺩﺼﻗﻭ ﹴﻲﻋﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺩ
ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥـﻤﻭ ،ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻤﺴﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺭﻜ ﻥﻋ ﹰﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭﻁ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﺝﺭﺨﻴﻭ ﻲـﻨﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫـﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﻔﻠﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺤﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩـﺤﺍﻭ ﹴﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﻡﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﺘﺴ لﺒ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﻁﻠﺨ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ
.
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ "
ﻱﺭـﻴﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ "
ﻥﺃ "
ﺙﺍﺭـﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻠﺨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻘﻨﻴ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ .
ﻪـﺴﺭﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻓ
ﻕﺭـﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤﻭ ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﻤﻼﻋ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺱﺭﺩﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪـﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻑﻴﻝﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﹰﺎﻤﻴﺩـﻘﺘﻭ ﺔـﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻷﺍﻭ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﹰﻼﻤﺎﺸ ﹰﺎﻀﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻴ ٍلﻴﻝﺩﻝ ) (Code ﺎـﻤﻝ ﹴﻥﻤـﻀﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻪﺘﻋﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻴﻤ ّلﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ
؛ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺒﻼﻤﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﻲـﻔﻴ ﻥﺄـﺒ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤﻭ ؛ﻪﻌﻨﺼ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻁﺒﻀﺒ ﺔﻠﻴﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻠﻝ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﺒ ...
ﻥﻤﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ
لﻭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ .
ﻩﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻝﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﻗﺎﻁ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ...
)." . (19
ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ : ﻭ ، ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﺯﺘﺨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ، ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﻨﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ . ﻥـﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻭ
ﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻪﻤﺴﺭ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻙ ﹰﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ
ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺒﻫﺫ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ّﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ لﺒ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﻩﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ "
ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺇ لﻭﺒﻘﻤ "
ﻪﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :
ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺠ )
ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻴ ﻭﺃ
ﻝﺎﻏ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﹼﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻕﺭﺨ ﹰﺎﺒ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻱﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ
68
ﺏﺼﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻡﻼﻜ ﺡﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ )
ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ
" (
،) ( 20 ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﹰﺍﺭﺴﻔﻤ لﻤﻜﻴ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ
" : ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻥﺇ
ﻡﹺﺭﹶﺨﹾﻨﹶﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ
ﻥﻭﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ."
) ( 21 ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻡﺜ " :
،ﺏﺫـﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ
ﺏـﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ٍلﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﹴﻱﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﹴﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺕﻤﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﺘﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﺕﹼﻼﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﻅﻭﻔﻠ
ﻲﺌﺎـﻨﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻕـﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ،ﺏﺫﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺇﻭ ﻕﺩﺎﺼ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺫﺇ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻘﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ."
) (22
ﻩﺍﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﺯﺘﺨﺘ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ؛ﹰﺎﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﻥﺤﹼﻼﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻔﺼﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻻﻭﺃ ،ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪ
ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺢﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻕـﻁﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻔﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻅﺎـﻔﺤﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻪﺴ
لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺠﺘﻨ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﹰﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ .
لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻨﺒﺭﻘﺘ ﹰﺔﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ " :
ﻥﺃ ﺏـﻫ
ﹰﻼﺜﻤ لﺎﻗ ﻡﻫﺩﺤﺃ :
-1 ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺯﻨﻴ لﺍﺯﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺤﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﹼﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻲﹼﻓﻭﺘ .
-2 ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺘﻝﺍ .
-3 لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﺠﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﺱﺭﺩ .
لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ /
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤﻝﺍ )
ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨ ( gramatical ﻪﻴـﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤﻝ
ﺔﺒﺫﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﻴﺒ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ )
ﹰﺎﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﻨﺤﻻ (
ﻥﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﻡـﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝ ،
ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﻡﹼﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﹼﻠﺼ ﻑﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺴﺠﻝ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻪﻝﻭﺯﻨ ﻊﻁﻘﻨﺍ ﻲﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻀﺭ ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﺠﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ."
) (23
69
ﻪـﻤﺩﻗ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ )
ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ ﺕﺒﺭﺸ (
ﻩﺎﻤـﺴ ﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻁﻴ ﻻ ﺢﻝﺎﻤ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ،
ﺕـﺤﺘ ﻱﻭـﻀﻨﺘ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﹰﺎﺒﺫﻜ لﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﹰﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ﻱﺭﻌـﹼﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ
ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻲﻬﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﻭﺘ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻭ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﻥـﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ؛ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺘﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻴ
ﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺔـﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﺴﻠﺒ ﻪﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔ
ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﹰﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ )
ﹴﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺍﺫﻜ لﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ (
ﻥـﻤ ﹴﺭـﻴﺜﻜ ﻲـﻓ ،
ﻊﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ . لﺌﻻﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﻫﺎﺸ ﺩﺭﻭﻨ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝ ﺎﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘﻭ
، ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﺔﺼﻗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﺭﻴ ﻨﺎـﺠﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ
ﻲ " :
لﺎﻗ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻱﻭﺭ :
ﻪﻝ لﺎﻗﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺴﻠﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺭ :
ﻲﹼﻨﺇ
ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻪـﻝ لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﹰﺍﻭﺸﺤ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻷ :
لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﹴﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ :
ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺃ :
ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ :
ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ :
ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ
ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺭﻜﺘﻤ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺎﻓ ، :
ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﻻ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺒ
ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻘﻓ ،ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ :
ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﺇ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ :
ﻥـﻋ ﺏﺍﻭﺠ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ
ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻗﻭ ،ٍلﺌﺎﺴ لﺍﺅﺴ :
ﺕﺭﺭـﻜﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﹴﺭﻜﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻜﻨﺇ ﻥـﻋ ﺏﺍﻭﺠ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ
ﺍ ﺭﺭﻜﺘﻝ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ لﺎـﻗ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤـﻝ
: ﹰﺎﺒﺍﻭﺠ ﻑﺴﻠﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺃ ﺎـﻤﻓ )."
(24 ﺕﻔﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇﻭ
ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘـﺴﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻴﻤﻋ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ،ﺎﻨﻫﺎﺒﺘﻨﺍ ﻑـﺸﺘﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﻴﻜ ،ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ ﻭ ؟ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﻥـﻤ ﻪـﺒ ﹰﺎـﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﹼﻜﻤﺘ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ
ﻪﻝ ﺕﻘﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺃ ؛ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ .
ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ :
ﻭ ﺓﺎـﺤﻨﻝﺍ لـﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻔﻓ ، ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺤﺘﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻬﻴ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻭﻐ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻘﻴﺎﻀﺘﻴ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺘﺸ ﻭ ﻲـﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺃﺩ لﺒ ، ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ
70
ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻡﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﺱﺴﺄﺘﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺘﻘﻤ
ﺴ ﻭ ، ﻙﺍﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺫﺨﺄﻨ
ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺱﺴﺅﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺀﺩﺒ ﻱﺫ ﺉﺩﺎﺒ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﻤﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ
"
ﺽـﻌﺒ
لﺎﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺀﺎﻐﻠﺒﻝﺍ :
ﻥـﻋ ﻪﺒ ﺭﺒﺨﻴ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ
،ﺏﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﹺﺭﻴ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻭ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ لﺼﻔﻴ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻭ ،ﺏﺌﺎﻏ ﻥﻋ ﻙﺌﺒﻨﻴ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻙﺭﺩﹸﺘ ﻊﻓﺎﺸﻭ ﺱﻨﺅﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻰﻔﻨﻴ ﹴﺯﻌﻤﻭ ،ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﹸﺘ ﻑﺼﺍﻭﻭ ،ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ
ﺙﺭﺤﻴ ﻉﺭﺍﺯﻭ ،ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻥﻴﺯﻤﻭ ،ﺢﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻰﻬﻨﻴ ﻅﻋﺍﻭﻭ ،ﺔﺸﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺏﻫﺫﺘ ﻉﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﻭﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻐﻀﻝﺍ لﺼﺄﺘﺴﻴ ﺩﺼﺎﺤﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻭﻤﻝﺍ )."
(25
ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺼﻴﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﹼﻠﻘﻴ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﻰـﻝﺇ
ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻴﻝ ،ﻪﻨﺴﺤﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ٍلﻤﺎﺸ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ
ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ
*+,ا
-رّا
ّ01ا
23ّ1ا
ﺭﻫﺎﻅ
ﻕﻁﺎﻨ ﺩﻫﺎﺸ
ﻡﻜﺎﺤ
ﻑﺼﺍﻭ ﺯﻌﻤ
ﻊﻓﺎﺸﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺭﺒﺨﻴ
ﻥﻋ ﻙﺌﺒﻨﻴ
ﻪﺒ لﺼﻔﻴ
ﺱﻨﺅﻤﻭ
ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ
ﺏﺌﺎﻏ
ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ
ﻅﻋﺍﻭﻭ
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ،لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻜﺫﺎﻤ ّلﻜﻭ "
ﺭﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺎﻤ "
ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :
لﺎـﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺎﻓ
ﺎﻬﺒﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻀﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﻀﻌﺒ ﻎﹼﻠﺒﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﻴﻤﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﹰﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﹰﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﹰﺔﻤﻬﻤ )."
(26
71
ﻡﺩﻋ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔـﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﹼﺜﻝﺍ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺄـﻜﹼﺘﺘ ﺭﺨﺁ ﹴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﺒ ﻱﺃ ؛ﺀﻲﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻼﻜﻠﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻠﻝ لﺼﺤﺘ ﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﹰﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ،ﻪـﻨﻴﻌﺒ ﺀﻲ
ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺃﺭﻘﹸﺘﻭ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎـﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻕـﻓﻭ ﻉﻭﻁﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﹰﺎﻴﻨﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ .
ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ
" : ﺴ ﻰﺘﻤﻭ ﺕﻌﻤ – ﷲﺍ ﻙﻅﻔﺤ –
ﻡﻼـﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﺎـﻨﺒ
ﺎﻬﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻊﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻜﺤﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻙﺎﻴﺈﻓ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ .
ﻥﺄـﺒ ﺎـﻬﺘﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﺇ ﻙﹼﻨﺈﻓ
ﻙﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺠﺭﺨ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﹼﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺤﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻀﻓ .
ﺢﻠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﹾﻠﻤﻭ ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨﺒ ﺕﻌﻤﺴ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻡﺎﻐﹼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﺸﺤﻝﺍ
ﻙـﻴﻓ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﹼﺎﻨﺴﺤ ﹰﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺎﻴﺈﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺨﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﺩﺴﻔﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﺴ ﹰﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻪـﻝ ﺕﺩﻴﺭﺃ
ﺎﻬﻝ ﻡﻬﺤﻼﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﻴﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻴﻭ
"،
) (27 "
ﻥﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ
ﺍﺭﻴ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤﻭ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻋ ...
ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺤﻴـﺼﻓ ﹰﺎﺒﺭﻌﻤ ﻪﻤﻼﻜ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،
ﻡﻼـﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﻩﺃﺩﺒ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﺤﻠﻴ ﻼﻓ ﻪﺘﺤﺎﺼﻓﻭ ﻪﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﻓ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻼﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﹼﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴ
." ...
) (28 ﻥﺎﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ "
ﻪﺒﻫﻭ لﻼﻁ
ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ "
ﻪﹼﻨﺃ "
ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ...
ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ) ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ (
ﻡﻼﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻭ )
ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ .(
ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻤ ﻪﹼﻨﻜﻝﻭ
ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻜﺤﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻌﻔﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻡ
)." ...
(29
،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻁﻋﺃ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻼﻝ ﺕﻓﹼﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺍﺭـﻴﺜﻜ ﺯﹼﻜﺭ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺃ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲﻓ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺎﺤﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﺤﻨﻤ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﹼﻨﻜﻝ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻻﻭﻘﻴ ،ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﺤﺭﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻔﻠﹸﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ
" : ﻡـﻬﻓ ﻲـﻓ ﹰﺍﺭـﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨﻭ
؛ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺎـﻤﺃ ،ﺭﻴﻐ
ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨﻓ ﻥﺤﻨ .
ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ،ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﻲﻔﻓ )
ﻥﻴﻴﺩـﻠﺒ ( ﻭﺃ
72
ﺭﻴﻏ ) ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺍﺭﻋﺃ ( ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ ، ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ
ـﻝ ﻲﻫ "
ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ
"
ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﻼﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭﺃ ،
ﺇ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ )."
(30
ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﹰﺎﺘﹼﻗﺅﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺩـﻋ ﹰﺎـﻤﺘﺤ ﻪـﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺜ ،ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤ ﺎﻤ
ﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺡﻼﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﺘﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﺘﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺎﻫﻭ ،ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫ
/
ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ "
ﺩﻭﻤﺼ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤ "
ﺎـﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻅﺤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤﻝ ﹰﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ
لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﹰﻼﺼﺃ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ " :
ﻡﺩـﻋ ﻥـﻤ ﹰﺎﺒﺭـﻀ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺩﺠﻨ
لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﹼﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺂﻀ ﻲﻓ
ﻻﻭ ﺹﻨـﻠﻝ ﻙﻠﻬﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺩﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤ ّلﻌﻝﻭ ،لﺒﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺩﺼﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﹼﻻﺇ
ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻊﹼﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ ﻡﺜ ،
ﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ،ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ،ﹴﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﹴﻲﻁﻤﻨ ّلﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻊﻤ
ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ لﻤﺤ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﹰﺎﺒﻌﺼ ﹰﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﻪﺤﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻪـﺒ ﹰﺔـﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ّلﻜ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻓ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺠﻨﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ لﺂﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ـﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎـﻨﹼﻨﺄﻜﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻠﺨﻭ ،ﻪﺼﻨ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻅﺤﺎ
ﻥـﻤ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻴﺼﻘﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺫﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻀﻓ ...
ﻊـﻤ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﹰﻼﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ )."
(31
ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﻴﻭ "
لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﻤﻠﺤ "
ﻥﺄﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﹰﻼﺌﺎﻗ " :
ﺕـﻔﻠﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ speech event
ﺔﻝﺎـﺴﺭ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
message ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﹴﺏﻁﺎﺨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻎﹼﻠﺒﺘ
ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ
ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷ ﻲﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ ...
ﻰـﻝﺇ لﺎـﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻴ ﻡﺜ
ﺕﺎـﻘﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ لﻭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﺒ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃ لﺎـﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻭﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻼﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ communication
73
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻪﻁﻭﺭﺸﻭ performance
،ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇﻭ ﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺭﻁﻭ
ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺴﺎﻤﻐﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﹸﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺍﺫﻫ ِّلﻜ ﻲﻓ ﹶﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻗﻭﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻪـﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ spoken arabic
ﺽـﻌﺒ ﺍﺫـﻜﻭ ،
ﻪﻝ ﺄﻴﻫ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺭﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﹰﻻﺎﺠﻤ
ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ
"،
) (32 ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺎﻓ
ﺉﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﻤ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻩﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ /
ﻊﻤﺎـﺴﻝﺍ /
ﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎ
.
لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺩﻗ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ )
ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ (
ﻰـﻠﻋ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﹰﺍﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﻡﺎـﻬﻓﻹﺍﻭ ﻡـﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻋﺍﺭﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ "
لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ "
ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ "
،ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ
ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ )
ﺔﻨﺎﺒﻹﺍ ( ﻭﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ )
ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍ (
ﺭﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻀﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ...
ﻭ ) ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻝﺍ ( ﻻﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔـﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻁﺭﺸ ﻭﻫ
ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ) ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻝﺍ ( ،ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺎﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ )
ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ (
ﻭﺃ ) ﻥﻴﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ...(
ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ )
ﺩـﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ (
ﻭﺃ ) ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ( ﻪﺒﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ...
ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﻨﻜﻤﺃ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻁﺭﺸ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ
ﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﺴﹼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻙ
)."
(33
ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﹼﻜﺅﻴ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ "
ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡـﻋﺯ ﻥﻤ
ﻕﻼـﻏﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﻭـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ لﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﹰﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﻪﹼﻠﻜﻭ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻪﹼﻠﻜ ﺏﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﺒﻹﺍﻭ ...
ﺍ ﺔـﻁﻝﺎﺨﻤ لﻭﻁ ﻻ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻊﻤﺎـﺴﻝ
ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺴﺎﻔﻠﻝ ﻪﻋﺎﻤﺴﻭ ﻡﺠﻌﻠﻝ ...
ﺕﻭﺘـﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺩﺎـﻘﻨﺍ ﺎـﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻷ
ﺠﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﺕﺩﺭﹼﻁﺍﻭ ﻙـﻠﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﻌﻤﺘ
ﺓﺭـﻴﺠﻝﺍ
"،
) ( 34 ،ﺎـﻫﺭﻁﺃ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﻭ
ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﻭ ﻰﻤﺍﺩـﻘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝ ﹰﺍﺯﹼﻔﺤﻤ ﻪﺜﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝ
ﹰﺎﻤﻴﻠـﺴ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﻠﺼﻭﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺠﺴﻨﻴﻝ ،ﻩﻭﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ .
74
ﺔـﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﻅﻨـﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﺨﺍﺯ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﺎـﺴﻋ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﻓﺎﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻁﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻪ
ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻁﺒﺭﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺭﺸ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﻝﺎﻀ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺩﺒ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ .
ﻝﺍ ــــــ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬ
:
1)
( - ﺒﻋ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩ ،92
.93
) (2
- ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺸﺎﹼﻜﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ .12
) (3
- Jean dubois, dictionnaire de linguistique, pp 120, 121.
4)
( -
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
.68
ﺩ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ،لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﻤﻠﺤ ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭ
.157
ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻋ ﺭﺫﻨﻤ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
،29 .30
Lyons, Sémantique et linguistique, p233.
5)
( -
ﻤﺤﻤ
ﻤﺤﻤ ﺩ
ﺩﻘﻤ ،ﻲﻠﻋ ﺱﻨﻭﻴ ﺩ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤ ﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻻ
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺏﻁﺎﺨ ،27
.28
6)
( -
ﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺝﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻐ
ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻴﺩـﺤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ
، ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ ،1
، 1966 ﺹ .15
7)
( - ﹼﻜﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺸﺎ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
،171 .172
) (8
-
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
. 68
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
.157 ﺓﺩﺤﺸ
ﻉﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ
، ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺹ
. 181
ﻤﺤﻤ
ﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻌﺴ ﺩ ،ﺩ
ﻲﻓ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺔـﻝﻻ
ﺹ .37
) (9
-
ﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺎ
ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻐ ،235
.236 ﻡـﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩـﻴﺤ ﺽﻭـﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ ،163
.168
10)
( -
،ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ
،لﻭﺒ
،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﺘ
/ ﻙـﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ ،ﻲﻁﻴﻝﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻁﻝ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
،ﺩﻭﻌﺴ
، 1997 ﺹ .46
11)
( - ﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
،69 .71
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ
،158 .162
12)
( -
ﺏﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺠ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،
ﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻐ
،ﻩﺭ ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1
، 1985
ﺹ .148