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ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺎﻫﺭﺇ

ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ : لﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼ

ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺩﺁ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ

ﻑﻴﻁﺴ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺤﺭﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ )

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (

ﻥﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻫﺍﺩﺒ ﺎﻨﻤ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ

ﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﺼﻗ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻘﻨ ﺔـﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻔ

ﺝﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ، ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻗﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ :

"

ﺔـﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﹴﺏﺎﻁﺨ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﹴﺽﺭﻏ ﺔﻴﺩﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻅﻔﻝ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ

ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ –

ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻰﹼﺘﺤ –

ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻅﻔﻝ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ .

ﻭـﻫ ﺎـﻤﻓ

ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻅـﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻪﻝ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ .

ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻓ

ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ

pragmatique .

ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﻭـﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺏﺭـﻌﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﻬﻴﺩـﹼﻠﻘﻤﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ّلﻜ ﺍﻭﺭﺼﺤ لﺒ ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻌﻨﺘﻘﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻨ

ﻪـﻝ ﹲﻅﻔﻝ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻴﻅﻓ ﻁﻠﺨ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺴﻔﺘ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ

ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻁﺨ ٍلﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻨﻠﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ .

ﻥﻤﻜﻴ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ

ﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ لﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹴﻉﻭﻨ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻔﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭ

ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻘﻁﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻥﻋ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻱﺃ ﺓﺩﺤ .

ﻥﻴﺜﺩـﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺭـﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ

ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻱﺃ ،ﻙﻴﺘﺎﻤﻏﺍﺭﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﻭﻤ ﻭ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﹴﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻠﻝﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺼﺃ ﻑﺴﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ

ﺕـﻠﺘﹸﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴﻓ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺜﺤﺒ ." ...

)1(

(2)

62

ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ "

ﺏـﻨﺍﻭﺠ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺘﺤﺘ

ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺩﻴﻘﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺸ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻔﺸ ﻙﻔﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ

ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻔﺼﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﻑﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝ ﻰﹼﻨﺴﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤ ﻑﺸﻜﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘـﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹶﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻗ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺒﻜ ﺏﻴﺼﻴ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻨﹼﻜﻤﺘﻴﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻤﻀﻤ

. ﺍﻭﻜﻠﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ

،ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﻅﻝ ﻕﻴﻗﺩ ﹴﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﹴﺞﻬﻨﻤ ّلﻜ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻫﺩـﺼﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﺔـﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺎﺜﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﻤﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ."

) (2

ﺏﻭﻠـﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼـﻜﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺱﺭﺩـﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ، ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻜ ﻭـﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﻴﻝﻭ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻁﻁﺸ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻅﺤﻠﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴ .

-1 ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ

ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ :

ﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻝ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﺤـﺼﺃ ﻩﺩﺩﺤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ

"

ﹰﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﹰﺓﺩﺤﻭ ﺏﻘﻌﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺒﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ

"

ﻭﺃ ، "

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ

،ﺔـﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭـﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﺒ ﺫﺨﺅﺘ لﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴـﺴ ﻭﺃ ،ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻼﻝ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻭ Contexte de

situation

) ( 3 لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ

ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ . ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ "

ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ "

ﻥﺃ "

ﻲﻤـﺴ ﺎـﻤﺒ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﺩﻨﻝ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤ

ﻲﻗﺎﻴــﺴﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺎــﺒ Contextual Approach

ﻲــﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨــﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ، Operational

Approach ﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﻋﺯ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ،

ﻩﺎﺠﹼﺘ Firth ﺔـﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ

ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ...

ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻭ )

ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ (

."

) ( 4 ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﹰﺍﺫﺇ contextual theory

،ﺙﺭـﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ

ﺼﻭﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ

ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻪﻔ .

ﻙﻝﺫـﺒ ﺕﺜﺩـﺤﺃﻭ

ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﻫﻭﺠ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ...

ﹴﻡﻭـﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﹸﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ

ﺭـﻬﻅﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﻲـﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﹴﻊﺴﺍﻭ ﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ

."

) ( 5

(3)

63

ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﺩـﺤﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :

ﺎـﻨﺃﻭ ،لﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻪﺤﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻨ

ﻲـﻓ ﺫـﺨﺄﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺙﺭﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺫﺎﺘﺴﺃ ﻪﻠﻤﻌـﺘﺴﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺃ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍﻭ لﺍﻭﻗﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ

" ...

،) ( 6 "

ﻲﻤﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ :

ﻥـﻤ ﻡـﻬﻔﻴ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ

ﻅـﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺞﺘﻨُﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ،ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻨ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﹼﺙﹸﺘﺠﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺯﺠﻌ

لﺜﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴﻭ ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ :

ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ

،لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻨﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻴﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻰﻁﻋﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ )

ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ (

ﹰﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺭﻴـﺴﻔﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﹰﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ

ﻑﻭﺭـﹼﻅﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺯـﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒـﺴﺃ ﺍﻭﺜﺤﺒﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ

ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ .

ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤﻴﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻁﻌﻴ ﻅﻔﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ

ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ...

ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺌﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺴﻔﻴ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ

" ...

،) ( 7 ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ

ﻫ ﺕﻨﻤﺁ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺃ ؛ﺔـﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻴﺴﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻑﺸﻜﻨﻴ ﻻ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ .)

( 8

ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺍﺫﺇ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ :

"ﺃ - ﺔﺤﻴﺤـﺼﻝﺍ ﻑـﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏـﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻨـﺼﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻁﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ

ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ...

ﺏ - ﹰﺍﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﹰﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﻁﻨﻝ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ .

ﺝ - ﺔﻴﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺠﺭﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ...

ﺩ - ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ .

ـﻫ - ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ ؛ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺏﻭﺠﻭ ﺔـﻐﻝ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻁـﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩـﻋ ﻥﻤـﻀﻴ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ

ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ...

ﻭ - ﺎـﻤﻋ ﻑـﺸﻜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪـﻝ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺤﻭﻭ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺏﺠﻴ

ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻨ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ

) ( 10 ﻯﺭـﺘ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻠﻴﺤﺘ "

ﻤـﻀ ﻪﹼﻠﺤﻤ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﻼﺤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺒﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﺙﺭﻴﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥ

"

ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ "

ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴـﺴ ﺎـﻫﺯﺭﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻤﻌﺘﺒ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ

ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ .

ﹴﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﺩـﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺼﻭﻝ ﹰﺎﻨﹼﻨﻘﻤ ﹰﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺡﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ

(4)

64

ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﹰﺔـﺜﺍﺩﺤ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ

" ...

،) (11 "

ﺭـﻴﻤﺃ ﺡﺭـﺘﻗﺍ ﺩـﻗﻭ Ammer

ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻲـﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﻠﹼﺜﻤﺘ

: ﻱﻭـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ Linguistic context

ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ،

ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ Emotional context ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ،

Situational context ﻲﻓﺎـﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،

Cultural context ."

) ( 12

ﻊﺴﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﹸﺘ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺤﻴ ﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﹰﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ،ﺭﺸﻋ ﺭﻨﺠﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤ

Wegner ﺭﺭﻗ ﺙﻴﺤ ، "

ﺱﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ

ﻤـﻀﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﻥ

ﺔﻘﺒﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎـﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﺼﻝﺍ لﺒ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ )."

(13 ﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺩـﻴ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺜﻴﺩـﺤ ﺕﺴﺴﺄﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ

ﻪﻴﺠﻴﺭﻓ Frege لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، "

ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﺠﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ

ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻭ ﹰﺎﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻝﻭﻘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻩﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ :

ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ

ﺔﻴﻠﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ،لﻭﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻻﺍﻭ )."

(14

ﺜﺤﺎﺒ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔـﺴﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺯﻌﹸﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻥﻭ

ﻥﻴﺎﺘﺸﻨﻐﺘﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻤﹼﻨﻠﻝ Wittgenstein

ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎـﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺭﻴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﹼﺘﻠﻝﻭ ، "

ﺩﻭﻌـﺴﻤ

ﻱﻭﺍﺭﺤﺼ "

ﺔـﻌﺒﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻠﻝ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﹰﺔﻁﺎﻁﺨ

ﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻲ

:

(5)

65 ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺭﻫﺎﹼﻅﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ

ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ

ﻓ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲ

ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ

ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﺘ

ﻨﻤ ﻡﻋﺃ ﻱﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺎﻬ

:

ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻴ

ﺎﻫﺫﺨﹼﺘﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻨﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ

ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ

ﹰﻼﻴﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ

ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻕﺤﹼﻼﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ

ﺔﻴﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ

ﻲﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻲﻓ

ﻤﺼﺒ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴ

ﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘ ) ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ

ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺒ

ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ

ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ (

ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝ

ﻲـﻁﻋُﺃ ﺎﻤﺩـﻌﺒ ﹰﺔﻴﻤﺘﺤ ﹰﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﺎﺘﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﹰﺎﺼﻝﺎﺨ ﺹﻨﻠﻝ ﻡﺜ ،ﻩﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘ

"

ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻤﺤﻝ ﺩﻴﻤﺤ "

لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﹰﺍﺭﺴﻔﻤ " :

لـﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﻥﺇ

ﺝﺎـﺘﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻴﹼﻘﻠﺘ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ : ﻷﺍ ،ﻲﻓﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ،ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺤ

. ﺕـﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ

ﺔﻁﻠـﺴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻪﻝ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ،لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔـﺠﺭﺤ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻔﻗﻭﹸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻓﺭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ؛ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﹼﻁﺨﺘ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ .

ﺭـﺜﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﹼﺫﻝﺍ لﻤﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ

لﻤﻬﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ )

لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ( ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﹰﺔﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤ .

ﺔـﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ

ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻴﻭﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﻋﺃ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻜ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤ ﻪﺒﺸ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﺕﻨ

(6)

66

ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ لﻭﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﹶﻔﹶﺘﹾﻠﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﻐﻝﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ )

ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺤ .(

ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ

ﻪﺘﻼﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻁﻋُﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ

) ( 15 ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ

ﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻥﻤ ﹲﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﻨ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﺎ

ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺼ ﻥﻤ .

ﺍﺫﺇﻭ "

ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻤـﺴﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻫ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺍﻭﺃﺭ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻼﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻭﺜﺤﺒﻴ ﺍﻭﺤﺍﺭ ﻡﹶﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔـﺴﻼﻓ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ

ﻥﻭـﺜﺤﺒﻴ ﺍﻭﺤﺍﺭ ﻲﻝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﺒﻫﺫ ﺩﻗ ﺩﺭﻭﻔﺴﻜﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ؛لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺓ

ﻥﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﹼﻅﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻭﺃ

." ...

) (16

ﺎﺒﻝﺍ ّلﺠ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ﹰﺍﺀﺩـﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴ ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻴ ﻥﻴﺜﺤ

،ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺎﺒ "

ﺔـﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﻝﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩـﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﻱﺭﺎـﻤﻴ ﺩـﺤﺃ ﻼـﻓ

ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺴﻜﺎﺴﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ anglosaxonne

ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺇﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﹼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،

ﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻌﻝ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪـﺘﻔﹼﻠﺨ ﺎـﻤ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻔ

لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻝﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ )

ﻕﺎﻔﺨﺇ ( ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘـﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻜـﺴﻤﺘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ

ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ L'autonomie de la syntaxe ﻲﻝﻻﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺠﺒ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﹼﺘﻠﻝ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،

sémantique ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ،

pragmatique ."

) (17

-2 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ

:

ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻓﻭﻭ "

ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻋ ﺭﺫﻨﻤ "

ﻪﹼﻨﺃ "

،ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩـﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝ

ﻲﻜﻼﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺒﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﻼﹼﺜﻤﻤ .

ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻀﻴﻭ

ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ

. لـﺼﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫ ...

،ﻰـﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﻤـﻀﻤ ،ﹰﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻭ ،ﹰﺓﺭﻜﻓ ،ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺴﺭ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻲﻜﻝ ،ﺎﻨﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻕﺒـﺴﻤ ﹴﻲﻨﻤﻀ ٍلﻜﺸﺒ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻝ ﹰﺎﺒﺴﺘﻜﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻤ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ...

ﻲـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ّلﻜﺒ ﹰﻼﹼﺜﻤﻤ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﹰﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺎﻨﻴﺩﻝﻭ

ﹰﺍﺭﺜﻨﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻌﺸ .

ﺇﻭ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻬﺘﺭﻴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫ

ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﹼﻻﺇ .

ﻭ ﻪـﻨﻋ ﹰﺎـﺤﺎﻴﺯﻨﺍ ﺱﺴﺄﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ

ﻩﺩﺎﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﻪﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝ ﹰﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ...

ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻝﻭ

ﹰﻼﻴﺒﺴ :

ﺀﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨ .

ﺔﻝﻻﺩﺒ ﺝﺭﺨﻴﻭ ،لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻨﺌﺎﻜ ﺔﺠﺎﺤ ﺏﺴﺤﺒ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ

ﻩﺯﺎـﺠﻨﺇ ﺔـﻴﻨﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺯﺠﻨﻴ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻋ ...

ﻭـﻬﻓ

(7)

67

ﻉﺎﺒﹼﺘﻻﺎﺒ ﻻ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻉﺍﺩﺘﺒﻻﺎﺒ .

ﺎـﻬﻁﻘﺘﻠﻴ ﺫﺇ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﹶﺔﻨﻤـﻀﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹶﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺍﺫﻝﻭ

ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺸﺇ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻴ

ﹰﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺤ ﺕﺍﺭ ." ...

) ( 18

ﻥﺃ ﻲـﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒ ﻱﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻌﺘﻴ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺴﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔـﻴﻭﻔﻌﺒ ﺭﺩﺼﻴ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ

ﺼﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻬﻗﻭ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒ لﺨﺍﺩ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺩﺼﻗﻭ ﹴﻲﻋﻭ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺩ

ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥـﻤﻭ ،ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﺔﻤﺴﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺭﻜ ﻥﻋ ﹰﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭﻁ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﺝﺭﺨﻴﻭ ﻲـﻨﻌﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫـﻬﻓ ،ﻥﻴﺒﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﻔﻠﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺤﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩـﺤﺍﻭ ﹴﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺄﺠﻠﻴ ﻡﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﺠﺘﺴ لﺒ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻠﻝ ﻡﻬﻁﻠﺨ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ

.

ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ "

ﻱﺭـﻴﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ "

ﻥﺃ "

ﺙﺍﺭـﹼﺘﻝﺍ

ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﻠﺨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻑﻗﻭﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻘﻨﻴ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ .

ﻪـﺴﺭﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻓ

ﻕﺭـﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤﻭ ﺎـﻬﺘﺎﻤﻼﻋ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺱﺭﺩﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪـﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻑﻴﻝﺄﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﹰﺎﻤﻴﺩـﻘﺘﻭ ﺔـﻨﻜﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻷﺍﻭ لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝ ﹰﻼﻤﺎﺸ ﹰﺎﻀﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻴ ٍلﻴﻝﺩﻝ ) (Code ﺎـﻤﻝ ﹴﻥﻤـﻀﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻪﺘﻋﺍﺭﺒﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻴﻤ ّلﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ

؛ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺒﻼﻤﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ

ﻲـﻔﻴ ﻥﺄـﺒ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤﻭ ؛ﻪﻌﻨﺼ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻁﺒﻀﺒ ﺔﻠﻴﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻠﻝ ﻩﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﺒ ...

ﻥﻤﻭ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ

لﻭﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ .

ﻩﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻪﻝﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﻗﺎﻁ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ ﺔﻤﻬﻤ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ...

)." . (19

ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ : ﻭ ، ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﺯﺘﺨﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ، ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﻨﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ

ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ . ﻥـﻜﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤ ّلﻜ ﻥﺇ ﻭ

ﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻪﻤﺴﺭ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻙ ﹰﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ

ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﺒﻫﺫ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ّﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ لﺒ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﻩﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ "

ﺱﻴﺭﺩﺇ لﻭﺒﻘﻤ "

ﻪﺘﻴﺅﺭ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :

ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺠ )

ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺎﻀﻴ ﻭﺃ

ﻝﺎﻏ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻭ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﹼﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻨﺎﺠ ﻕﺭﺨ ﹰﺎﺒ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻱﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻯﻭﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ

(8)

68

ﺏﺼﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻅﻨﻭ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻡﻼﻜ ﺡﺭﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻌﺠﺭﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ )

ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ

" (

،) ( 20 ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻨﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻑﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ

ﹰﺍﺭﺴﻔﻤ لﻤﻜﻴ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺀﺍﺭﻗ

" : ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻡﻜﺤ ﻥﺇ

ﻡﹺﺭﹶﺨﹾﻨﹶﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻤﺴﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ

ﻥﻭﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ."

) ( 21 ﻑﻴﻀﻴ ﻡﺜ " :

،ﺏﺫـﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ

ﺏـﺘﺭﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ٍلﻭﺒﻘﻤ ﹴﻱﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﹴﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻕﺴﻨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻩﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺕﻤﻅﺘﻨﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﺘﺄﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁﻭ ﺕﹼﻼﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﻪﻅﻭﻔﻠ

ﻲﺌﺎـﻨﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻕـﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ،ﺏﺫﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺇﻭ ﻕﺩﺎﺼ ﺎﻤﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺫﺇ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻘﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ."

) (22

ﻩﺍﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻗﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﺯﺘﺨﺘ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ؛ﹰﺎﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﻥﺤﹼﻼﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻔﺼﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻻﻭﺃ ،ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻪ

ﻕﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺢﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻊـﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻕـﻁﻨﻤﻭ ،ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﻨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻔﻨﻝ ﻡﺴﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻅﺎـﻔﺤﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻪﺴ

لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺠﺘﻨ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﹰﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ .

لﻭـﻘﻴ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺎﻨﺒﺭﻘﺘ ﹰﺔﻠﺜﻤﺃ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ " :

ﻥﺃ ﺏـﻫ

ﹰﻼﺜﻤ لﺎﻗ ﻡﻫﺩﺤﺃ :

-1 ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺯﻨﻴ لﺍﺯﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺤﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﹼﻠﺼ ﷲﺍ لﻭﺴﺭ ﻲﹼﻓﻭﺘ .

-2 ﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺘﻝﺍ .

-3 لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﺠﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﺱﺭﺩ .

لﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ /

ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻅﻭﻔﻠﻤﻝﺍ )

ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨ ( gramatical ﻪﻴـﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤﻝ

ﺔﺒﺫﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﺩﻴﺒ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ )

ﹰﺎﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﻨﺤﻻ (

ﻥﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﻡـﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝ ،

ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﻡﹼﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﹼﻠﺼ ﻑﻴﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺴﺠﻝ ﺡﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻪﻝﻭﺯﻨ ﻊﻁﻘﻨﺍ ﻲﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﻀﺭ ﻱﺭﺸﺨﻤﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻝ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻭﺠﹼﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﻠﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻁﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ لﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻭﺤﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ."

) (23

(9)

69

ﻪـﻤﺩﻗ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ )

ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ ﺕﺒﺭﺸ (

ﻩﺎﻤـﺴ ﺭـﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻁﻴ ﻻ ﺢﻝﺎﻤ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ،

ﺕـﺤﺘ ﻱﻭـﻀﻨﺘ ﺙـﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ،ﹰﺎﺒﺫﻜ لﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ،ﹰﺔـﺼﺎﺨ ﻱﺭﻌـﹼﺸﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ

ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻪﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻲﻬﻴﻭﺒﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﻭﺘ ﺏﺫﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻭ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﻥـﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺙﺤﺒﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻪﹼﻨﻷ ؛ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺘﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻤﻌﻴ

ﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﻻﻭﺃ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺔـﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎـﺴﻠﺒ ﻪﻁﺒﺭﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔ

ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﹰﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ )

ﹴﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺍﺫﻜ لﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ (

ﻥـﻤ ﹴﺭـﻴﺜﻜ ﻲـﻓ ،

ﻊﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ . لﺌﻻﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﻫﺎﺸ ﺩﺭﻭﻨ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝ ﺎﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘﻭ

، ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﺔﺼﻗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻱﻭﺭﻴ ﻨﺎـﺠﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ

ﻲ " :

لﺎﻗ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻱﻭﺭ :

ﻪﻝ لﺎﻗﻭ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺴﻠﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻨﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺭ :

ﻲﹼﻨﺇ

ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻪـﻝ لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﹰﺍﻭﺸﺤ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻷ :

لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﹴﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ :

ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﺃ :

ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ :

ﻥﻭﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ :

ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ

ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ لﺎﻘﻓ ،ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺭﻜﺘﻤ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺎﻓ ، :

ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﻻ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺒ

ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻘﻓ ،ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ :

ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﺇ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ :

ﻥـﻋ ﺏﺍﻭﺠ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ

ﻡﻬﻝﻭﻗﻭ ،ٍلﺌﺎﺴ لﺍﺅﺴ :

ﺕﺭﺭـﻜﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﹴﺭﻜﻨﻤ ﺭﺎﻜﻨﺇ ﻥـﻋ ﺏﺍﻭﺠ ،ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺇ

ﺍ ﺭﺭﻜﺘﻝ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ لﺎـﻗ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤـﻝ

: ﹰﺎﺒﺍﻭﺠ ﻑﺴﻠﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺤﺃ ﺎـﻤﻓ )."

(24 ﺕﻔﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇﻭ

ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘـﺴﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻴﻤﻋ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ،ﺎﻨﻫﺎﺒﺘﻨﺍ ﻑـﺸﺘﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺭﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﻴﻜ ،ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﹼﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ ﻭ ؟ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﻥـﻤ ﻪـﺒ ﹰﺎـﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﹼﻜﻤﺘ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺏﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ

ﻪﻝ ﺕﻘﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺍﺩﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺃ ؛ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ .

ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ :

ﻭ ﺓﺎـﺤﻨﻝﺍ لـﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻲﻔﻓ ، ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺤﺘﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻬﻴ ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻭﻐ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻨﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻘﻴﺎﻀﺘﻴ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺘﺸ ﻭ ﻲـﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻋﻹﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﺴﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻴﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺃﺩ لﺒ ، ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ

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ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻡﻫﺩﻨﻋ ﺱﺴﺄﺘﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻀﺘﻘﻤ

ﺴ ﻭ ، ﻙﺍﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺫﺨﺄﻨ

ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﺱﺴﺅﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺀﺩﺒ ﻱﺫ ﺉﺩﺎﺒ ﻯﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼﺜﻤﺘﻤ ﻥﺃ

"

ﺽـﻌﺒ

لﺎﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﺀﺎﻐﻠﺒﻝﺍ :

ﻥـﻋ ﻪﺒ ﺭﺒﺨﻴ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ

،ﺏﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﹺﺭﻴ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻭ ،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ لﺼﻔﻴ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻭ ،ﺏﺌﺎﻏ ﻥﻋ ﻙﺌﺒﻨﻴ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻙﺭﺩﹸﺘ ﻊﻓﺎﺸﻭ ﺱﻨﺅﻤﻭ ،ﻥﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻰﻔﻨﻴ ﹴﺯﻌﻤﻭ ،ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻑﺭﻌﹸﺘ ﻑﺼﺍﻭﻭ ،ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ

ﺙﺭﺤﻴ ﻉﺭﺍﺯﻭ ،ﻥﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻴ ﻥﻴﺯﻤﻭ ،ﺢﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻰﻬﻨﻴ ﻅﻋﺍﻭﻭ ،ﺔﺸﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺏﻫﺫﺘ ﻉﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﻭﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻐﻀﻝﺍ لﺼﺄﺘﺴﻴ ﺩﺼﺎﺤﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻭﻤﻝﺍ )."

(25

ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺼﻴﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﹼﻠﻘﻴ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﻰـﻝﺇ

ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻴﻝ ،ﻪﻨﺴﺤﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺃﺩﺒﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ٍلﻤﺎﺸ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﺜﻤﹼﺘﻝﺍ

ﻲﻝﺎﹼﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ

ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ

ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ

ﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴ

ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ

ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ

*+,ا

-رّا

ّ01ا

23ّ1ا

ﺭﻫﺎﻅ

ﻕﻁﺎﻨ ﺩﻫﺎﺸ

ﻡﻜﺎﺤ

ﻑﺼﺍﻭ ﺯﻌﻤ

ﻊﻓﺎﺸﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺭﺒﺨﻴ

ﻥﻋ ﻙﺌﺒﻨﻴ

ﻪﺒ لﺼﻔﻴ

ﺱﻨﺅﻤﻭ

ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ

ﺏﺌﺎﻏ

ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ

ﻅﻋﺍﻭﻭ

ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ ،لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻓﺩﻫ ﺎﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻜﺫﺎﻤ ّلﻜﻭ "

ﺭﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺎﻤ "

ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﻭﻤ " :

لﺎـﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻫ ،ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺎﻓ

ﺎﻬﺒﻭ ،ﹰﺎﻀﻌﺒ ﺎﻨﻀﻌﺒ ﻎﹼﻠﺒﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﻴﻤﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ

ﹰﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﹰﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﹰﺔﻤﻬﻤ )."

(26

(11)

71

ﻡﺩﻋ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔـﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒﹼﺜﻝﺍ

ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺄـﻜﹼﺘﺘ ﺭﺨﺁ ﹴﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﺒ ﻱﺃ ؛ﺀﻲﺸ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻡﻼﻜﻠﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻠﻝ لﺼﺤﺘ ﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻌﺒ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﹰﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ،ﻪـﻨﻴﻌﺒ ﺀﻲ

ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺃﺭﻘﹸﺘﻭ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺕﺎـﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻕـﻓﻭ ﻉﻭﻁﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ لﻭﺤﺘ ﹰﺎﻴﻨﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ .

ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ

" : ﺴ ﻰﺘﻤﻭ ﺕﻌﻤ – ﷲﺍ ﻙﻅﻔﺤ –

ﻡﻼـﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﺎـﻨﺒ

ﺎﻬﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺝﺭﺎﺨﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻊﻤ ﹼﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻜﺤﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ﻙﺎﻴﺈﻓ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍ .

ﻥﺄـﺒ ﺎـﻬﺘﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﺇ ﻙﹼﻨﺈﻓ

ﻙﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺠﺭﺨ ﻥﻴﻴﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﹼﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺤﻠﺘ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻀﻓ .

ﺢﻠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﹾﻠﻤﻭ ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺍﻭﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻨﺒ ﺕﻌﻤﺴ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ﻡﺎﻐﹼﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﺸﺤﻝﺍ

ﻙـﻴﻓ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ لﻌﺠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﹼﺎﻨﺴﺤ ﹰﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻴﺨﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻙﺎﻴﺈﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺨﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﻹﺍ ﺩﺴﻔﻴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﺴ ﹰﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻪـﻝ ﺕﺩﻴﺭﺃ

ﺎﻬﻝ ﻡﻬﺤﻼﻤﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﻴﺇ ﻡﻬﺘﺒﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺏﻫﺫﻴﻭ

) (27 "

ﻥﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺠﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ

ﺍﺭﻴ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤﻭ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻋ ...

ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ

ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺤﻴـﺼﻓ ﹰﺎﺒﺭﻌﻤ ﻪﻤﻼﻜ ﺙﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ ،

ﻡﻼـﻜ ﻥـﻤ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﺤﻠﻤ ﻩﺃﺩﺒ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﺤﻠﻴ ﻼﻓ ﻪﺘﺤﺎﺼﻓﻭ ﻪﺒﺍﺭﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻌﻓ ﻓ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻼﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﹼﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴ

." ...

) (28 ﻥﺎﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ "

ﻪﺒﻫﻭ لﻼﻁ

ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ "

ﻪﹼﻨﺃ "

ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ...

ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ) ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ (

ﻡﻼﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻭ )

ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ .(

ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭﻋﺩﻤ ﻪﹼﻨﻜﻝﻭ

ﺩﻌﺒ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻜﺤﻤﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻪﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻌﻔﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻡ

)." ...

(29

،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻁﻋﺃ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺼﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻼﻝ ﺕﻓﹼﻼﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﹰﺍﺭـﻴﺜﻜ ﺯﹼﻜﺭ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻝﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﺃ ﻪﹼﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ

ﻲﻓ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺎﺤﺭﺘﻘﻴ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻨ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﺤﻨﻤ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﹼﻨﻜﻝ ،ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ

ﻥﻻﻭﻘﻴ ،ﹰﻼﺒﻗ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﺤﺭﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻬﻴﻔﻠﹸﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ

" : ﻡـﻬﻓ ﻲـﻓ ﹰﺍﺭـﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨﻭ

؛ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ لﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺘﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺎﻓ ﺎـﻤﺃ ،ﺭﻴﻐ

ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﺭ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻨﻓ ﻥﺤﻨ .

ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺇ ،ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﻲﻔﻓ )

ﻥﻴﻴﺩـﻠﺒ ( ﻭﺃ

(12)

72

ﺭﻴﻏ ) ﻥﻴﻴﺒﺍﺭﻋﺃ ( ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺯﻭﺠﻴ ﻻ ، ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ

ـﻝ ﻲﻫ "

ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ

"

ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻏﻼﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻜﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻭﺃ ،

ﺇ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝ )."

(30

ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﹰﺎﺘﹼﻗﺅﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺩـﻋ ﹰﺎـﻤﺘﺤ ﻪـﻌﺒﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻡﺜ ،ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺎﻨﺜﺩﺤ ﺎﻤ

ﺭﻜﺫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺡﻼﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻁﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﺎﺘﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﺎﺘﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺎﻫﻭ ،ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫ

/

ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﹼﻜﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ "

ﺩﻭﻤﺼ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤ "

ﺎـﻬﹼﻨﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻅﺤﺎـﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻘﻤﻝ ﹰﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ

لﻭﻘﻴ ،ﹰﻼﺼﺃ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ " :

ﻡﺩـﻋ ﻥـﻤ ﹰﺎﺒﺭـﻀ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺩﺠﻨ

لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻠﻝ ﻪﺘﺎﻔﹼﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻝﺂﻀ ﻲﻓ

ﻻﻭ ﺹﻨـﻠﻝ ﻙﻠﻬﺘـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺩﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﺭﻤ ّلﻌﻝﻭ ،لﺒﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺏﹼﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﺩﺼﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﹼﻻﺇ

ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻊﹼﺘﻤﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ ﻡﺜ ،

ﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ،ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺸ ،ﹴﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﹴﻲﻁﻤﻨ ّلﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻊﻤ

ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ لﻤﺤ ،ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﹰﺎﺒﻌﺼ ﹰﺍﺭﻤﺃ ﻪﺤﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻪـﺒ ﹰﺔـﻘﹼﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻬﻴﺠﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ّلﻜ ﺕﺀﺎﺠﻓ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺠﻨﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ لﺂﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ـﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺎـﻨﹼﻨﺄﻜﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻠﺨﻭ ،ﻪﺼﻨ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﻴﻜﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻅﺤﺎ

ﻥـﻤ ﺱﺎﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻡﻬﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻴﺼﻘﺘﻭ ﻡﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺫﺘﻌﻴ ﻲﻨﺎﹼﺜﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﻷﺍ لﻀﻓ ...

ﻊـﻤ ﹰﺍﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﹰﻼﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇﻭ

ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻨﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻴﺃﺭ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻝﻭ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻝ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ )."

(31

ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﹼﻠﻌﻴﻭ "

لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﻤﻠﺤ "

ﻥﺄﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﹰﻼﺌﺎﻗ " :

ﺕـﻔﻠﻴ ﺎـﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻲﻤﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ speech event

ﺔﻝﺎـﺴﺭ ﻪـﹼﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ

message ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﹴﺏﻁﺎﺨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻎﹼﻠﺒﺘ

ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ

ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷ ﻲﻝﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﹼﻨﻝﺍ لﹼﺜﻤﻴ ...

ﻰـﻝﺇ لﺎـﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻴ ﻡﺜ

ﺕﺎـﻘﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ لﻭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﻔﺒ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺃ لﺎـﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻭﻐﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻬﻤﻼﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ communication

(13)

73

ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻪﻁﻭﺭﺸﻭ performance

،ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇﻭ ﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻗﺭﻁﻭ

ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺴﺎﻤﻐﻨﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﹸﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺍﺫﻫ ِّلﻜ ﻲﻓ ﹶﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻗﻭﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨ ﻪـﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ spoken arabic

ﺽـﻌﺒ ﺍﺫـﻜﻭ ،

ﻪﻝ ﺄﻴﻫ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺭﻭ ،ﺀﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﹰﻻﺎﺠﻤ

ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻡﻜﺤﺘ

) (32 ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺎﻓ

ﺉﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﻤ ﻲﻨﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻩﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ /

ﻊﻤﺎـﺴﻝﺍ /

ﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ،ﻲﹼﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﹴﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺎ

.

لﺎﺼﹼﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﻓ ﺩﻗ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ )

ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻡﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ (

ﻰـﻠﻋ

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﹼﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﹰﺍﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻜﺎﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ،ﻡﺎـﻬﻓﻹﺍﻭ ﻡـﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻋﺍﺭﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﻴ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ "

لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ "

ﻲﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ "

،ﻕﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ

ﻲﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻠﻝ )

ﺔﻨﺎﺒﻹﺍ ( ﻭﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ )

ﺭﺎﺒﺨﻹﺍ (

ﺭﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻲﻀﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ...

ﻭ ) ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻝﺍ ( ﻻﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔـﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻁﺭﺸ ﻭﻫ

ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ) ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻝﺍ ( ،ﻩﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻹﺎﺒ ﹼﻻﺇ )

ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ (

ﻭﺃ ) ﻥﻴﻤﹼﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ...(

ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﹼﻻﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﺩﻴﻝﻭﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺯﻭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ )

ﺩـﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ (

ﻭﺃ ) ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ

ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ( ﻪﺒﹼﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ...

ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﻨﻜﻤﺃ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻁﺭﺸ ﻕﹼﻘﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ

ﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﻉﻭﻗﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﺴﹼﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﻙ

)."

(33

ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﹼﻜﺅﻴ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﺴﹼﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ "

ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻏﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡـﻋﺯ ﻥﻤ

ﻕﻼـﻏﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺍﻭـﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﹼﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﺼﻔﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ لﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ ﻊﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﹰﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﻪﹼﻠﻜﻭ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﻪﹼﻠﻜ ﺏﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﺒﻹﺍﻭ ...

ﺍ ﺔـﻁﻝﺎﺨﻤ لﻭﻁ ﻻ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻊﻤﺎـﺴﻝ

ﻪﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻡﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺴﺎﻔﻠﻝ ﻪﻋﺎﻤﺴﻭ ﻡﺠﻌﻠﻝ ...

ﺕﻭﺘـﺴﺍﻭ ﺕﺩﺎـﻘﻨﺍ ﺎـﻤﹼﻨﺇ ﺔﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻷ

ﺠﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺼﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻭ ﺕﺩﺭﹼﻁﺍﻭ ﻙـﻠﺘ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﻌﻤﺘ

ﺓﺭـﻴﺠﻝﺍ

) ( 34 ،ﺎـﻫﺭﻁﺃ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ لﹼﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻅﺤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﻭ

ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﻴﻭ ﻰﻤﺍﺩـﻘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝ ﹰﺍﺯﹼﻔﺤﻤ ﻪﺜﺎﺤﺒﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝ

ﹰﺎﻤﻴﻠـﺴ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﻭﻠﺼﻭﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺠﺴﻨﻴﻝ ،ﻩﻭﻠﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻴ .

(14)

74

ﺔـﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﻡﻅﻨـﻤ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﺨﺍﺯ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﺎـﺴﻋ ﺎﻬﺒﺍﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺫﻓﺎﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻁﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻪ

ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺝﺎـﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻁﺒﺭﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻁﺭﺸ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺘﻝﺎﻀ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻡﻭﻘﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺩﺒ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ .

ﻝﺍ ــــــ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬ

:

1)

( - ﺒﻋ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﹼﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩ ،92

.93

) (2

- ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺸﺎﹼﻜﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ .12

) (3

- Jean dubois, dictionnaire de linguistique, pp 120, 121.

4)

( -

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

.68

ﺩ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ،لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﻤﻠﺤ ﺹ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭ

.157

ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺸﺎﻴﻋ ﺭﺫﻨﻤ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﺴ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

،29 .30

Lyons, Sémantique et linguistique, p233.

5)

( -

ﻤﺤﻤ

ﻤﺤﻤ ﺩ

ﺩﻘﻤ ،ﻲﻠﻋ ﺱﻨﻭﻴ ﺩ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤ ﹼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻻ

ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺏﻁﺎﺨ ،27

.28

6)

( -

ﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺝﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻐ

ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻴﺩـﺤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡـﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ

، ﺭﺍﺩ

ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﹼﻨﻝﺍ ،1

، 1966 .15

7)

( - ﹼﻜﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺸﺎ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

،171 .172

) (8

-

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

. 68

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

.157 ﺓﺩﺤﺸ

ﻉﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ

، ،ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻐﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ

. 181

ﻤﺤﻤ

ﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻌﺴ ﺩ ،ﺩ

ﻲﻓ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺔـﻝﻻ

.37

) (9

-

ﺠﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻨ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺎ

ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻐ ،235

.236 ﻡـﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩـﻴﺤ ﺽﻭـﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ ،163

.168

10)

( -

،ﻥﻭﺍﺭﺒ

،لﻭﺒ

،ﺏﺎﻁﺨﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﺘ

/ ﻙـﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺭﹼﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻨﻤ ،ﻲﻁﻴﻝﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﻁﻝ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ

،ﺩﻭﻌﺴ

، 1997 .46

11)

( - ﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

،69 .71

ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ﺹ ﺹ ،ﺔﻝﻻ

،158 .162

12)

( -

ﺏﺭﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺠ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﹼﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،

ﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﺔﻐ

،ﻩﺭ ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎـﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،1

، 1985

.148

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ﻙﻟﺫﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ،ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺠﻤﺩﻤﻟﺍ لﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﺭﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ لﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺩﻗ ﺹﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ