African programme for the 1970 censuses of population : draft principles and recommendations

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UNITED NATIONS

ECONOMIC AND

SOCIAL COUNCI L

ECONOlcIC COllNISSION FOR AFRICA Second Working Group on Censuses of

Population and Housing

Addis Ababa, 22 February to 4 March 1966

Distr.

LHiITED

E/CN. 14/CAS .5/CPH/3 10 January 1966 Orig:i.nal: ENGLISH

AFRICAN PROGRAMME FOR THE 1970 CENSUSES OF FOPULATION, DRAFT FRmCIPL:GS AND

RECOMNENDATIONS

M65-773

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•

E/CN.14/CAS.S/CPH/3

Table of Contents

INTRODUCT:'::ON .

Paragraphs 1 - 6

Essential features of a population csnSus •••••

Universality within a d8finod territory ....•..

Pi,RT 1 H'ueiN P:J0CR"IY;: ;'OR PLP.FNIlJG OF

POPULATION czn;:;usES ,.,. ,.

..

₇

7 30 8 9

12 - 13

Lnt cr-n a't i.on a L simultan ei.ty ^IO ^,.¹⁰ , . , . . . . 1'1 The role of the' population census in an integrated

programme of data colloction .•••...••••.•••••• 11 Usc in connexion with civil registration and

vital statistics . . • • . . • . . . • . . • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • CartogTaphic (mapping) _~ork and locality

listing,. .. ,. .. ^{10 10} ^{IO ..} ^,. ^.. ^{10 10} ^IO,. ^,. IO"" • IO" IO IO"

Con su s t c sts ... 10 . . . . 10 . . . . . ,. . . . . 10 • •10 . . . ., . . , ... , . , . ..

Evaluation of _r:~sults .. ,. .. 10,. .. ,. • •10 . . . . .10 10 . . . . IO .. 10"• •

14 18 20

17

19

22 Sampling as an integral part of the census ••••

Private hou scho I d .. ,.^IO^{. . .} ¹⁰¹⁰^IO^{. . . .} ^{, . , .} ^.. ¹⁰. . . ., . , . 10.. IO. . . . ,. 10. . .

Collective housohold Placo of enumeration

...

23

24 - 26

27 28 - 30

D8finition and spocification of topics ...•••••

?,,1(':' 2 TOPICS TO BE I1,JY":STI GWED HI AFIeI CAN

PG?UL.A~ION r;EN~~~USES ..

Liet of topics

...

31 62 31 - 36 37 - 62

P/,RT 3 ·-.r.A.EUL!!~r:I'I()NS R:SCr:."!~T11I)~;D PO:=-,: i1;J'~IctJJ ~rJt"L·~TI0N

C',=tTSUS:ES ~

Scops and objcctiv8S of rccomm0ndod t~bulations

List of recommondocl tccbulations Specifications of tabulations

63 69 63 - 66 67 68 - 69

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- - - , _ . , , - - - -

1. llTTRODUCTIOlI

1. Though almost every African country participated in the 1960 World Census ProgTamme by conducting a nation-wide inquiry into population and though numbers of countries also conducted housing inquiries, this is the first occasion on which African statisticians are engaged in the formulation of a census progTamme spocifically desibned to meet regiov£l conditions. When completed, this programme will provide guidanoe to the countries of the region on matters of organization and conduct of population and housing censuses, including the recommendations for topics to be investigated, the specifications of these topics and the tabUlations considered to be most useful.

2. In June 1965, the first African Working Group on Censuses of Popula- tion and Housing met in Addis Ababa to consider the adaptation to African conditions of the United Nations world~~ide programme for the 1970

censuses, as set out in PrinQ,ipl es and neQommendations for a Population Census: Draft Re commendati ons for the 1970 Census (E/CN.3/3~O)_a_l1:d Principles and Recommendations for a Housing Census: Draft Recommenda- tions for the 1970 _~ensus (E/CN.3/332).

3. The conclusions of tho June meeting are summarized in the Report of the First Working Group (E/CN.14/CAS.4/CPH/11). This paper was submitted to the Fourth Conference of African Statisticians in November 1965 and the Report of the Conference (E/Cl.14/CAS.4/17) indicates the areas in which modification waS suggested by the Conference.

4. The Second Working Group has been convened to consider draft versions of the African population and housing census programmes, presented to the meeting as African Programme for the 1970 Censuses of PopUlation:

Draft Principles and Recommendations (E/CN.14/CAS.S/CPH/3) and Mettodology of Housing Censuses: International Principles and Recommendations and African Practice _(E/~l.14/CAS.S/CPH/4). These drafts incorporate the recommendations of the First Working Group and of the Fourth Conference of Statisticians, with the important qualification that at neither of these meetings was the question of tabulations discussed. It is therefore

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necessary that the Second Working Group give especial attention to the tabulations suggested in the draft recommendations, since these are put forward by the ~ecretariat of the Economic Commission solely as a basis for discussion •.

S. It is proposed that the conclusions of the Second Harking Group be ineorporated in revised drafts of the African population and housing censui pr6grawmes, which will be submitted for approval to the Fifth Confel'ence of African ·Statisticians in 1967. A Third ,forking Group on Censuses may be convened, before the Fifth Confel'ence, if it appears' necessary to give further consideration to certain of the topics to be deal t wi th by the Second ;/orking Cr-oup ,

6. The remainder of the presen~ paper deals only with the programme for population censuses, housin& beine treated ·separately. To prevent dup Lacati on , it is written as a commentary on, or addendum to, the corres.po~ingpar-t.s.i.of the'- tJni-ted IIa t-i·eoo· -d-ecurnent Prin;iples and Recommendations for a Population Censuk (E!CN.3!330). Reference is

given inea.eh instance to'·th6--relevant par-agr-aph -nunber- in·--t·hfrt-decumen'b.

Absence of commentary on any section of the text of·

.--tn';'

basio-Uni ted Nations document is intended to indicate that there has so far been a

general endorsement of tpe content oft-hat section as being applicable in the African regiop.

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--'i'JtRT--1. :AFR1:e:AN-~Al~mFORPLAJlTNHGtlF'--·, POPULATION C~rSUS8S

(PARTS I - IV of United Nations Princi?lcs and Recommendations for a

Po~ulation

^Census,

E1CNA36)

Essentill.l- features of a population census

7.

Para. 14, sentence to be added. Included amongst these uses are dtlta which will assist in the estimation of consumer demand for an ever-extehding variety of goods and services many of which depend on the size of population in specific areas and its distribution by age and sex: for example,hQusing, furnishings, food, clothing, students'

._

^...^:..^..^- ^.

--_._

^...~:._~-_:,.. ..- - ,._-," _.._~_. ---_:_.- ----_._-~.~...__.:_"...

__

.-:.::...-- equipment, recreational facilities, medical supplies, insurance, etc.

Lci;i\.r ava:i.labili ty of l~bour for the production-and distribution-:.,)f such goods and' services may also be important in influencing location and organization of enterprises.

8.

Para. 16, third sentence to be altered. It is recognized that

"grouped"enumer-at Lo ne " can be designed to produce cross-classifications of certain individual characteristics, such as age and sex, but because of their limited possibilities in this respect, they are not recommended for general USe.

Universality within a defined territory

9. Para. 18, sentences to be added. Particular difficulties exist in certain areas "lrfhere thp,re are large ^number-a of "nomad.e , By'-the natu-re of their mode of living these people pose real statistical problems, and it is desirable that efforts be made to enumerate them by whatever

experimental techni'1ues seam best suited to their physical environment and customs.

International -simul tanei ty

10. Para. 26, sentences to be added. Exceptions to this general r,',c-ommendation-may be desirable where, as in the African region,

assistance may be re'1uirod from an outside source by a number of countries' concentration of the censuses in one year would undcubtedly s~rain the resources of the donor country-and prabEblylead t-o delayed publication of some of the results.

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The role of the population census in an integrated programme of data collection

11. Para. 27, sentences to be added. Activities designed to encourage comprehensiv'e civil re~str"t:Lon and to obtain estimates of the 'li tal rates may be effected more economically if planned in conjunction with"

a population census and with common elements uniformly defined· ·£e>r....

each operation. On the other hand, s~m~ typ"s of in~egrationmight be inadvisable, such as the direct compilation of an electoral roll in.the census field inquiry, because of the effect this secondary purpose might have on the Quality of the census results.

Use in conne7ion with civil registration and vital statistics

12. Para. 40, to be replaced. In view of the recognized deficiencies of both census data and 'lital statistics in many areas, it may be use- fUI to incorporate in the census plan arrangements for

consistency between the census data and other records;

checks of

for example, the census reports of children under one year of age may be matched against the birth registrations of the corresponding period, thus providing a test of consistency of the two sets of records.

lI

13. Para. 50, sentence to be added. The African programme specifically recommends that strong coforts be made by governments to implement

these principles in the region.

Cartographic (mapping) work and locality listing

14. Para. 54, to be altere~ The determination 2nd mapping of the national and internal boundaries of the territory, its main physical features and the geographical position of all localities is one of the basic and most important census operations. This basic cartographic work must be

supplemented by division into enumeration areas which should be recorded on an over-all map and also prepared as individual maps for the use of..

enumerators in the field. The prevention of omissions and duplications in the f.ield depends to a very large extent on the proper delimitation of the enumeration areas, which in turn, is dependent upon the accuracy

11

See Handbook of Vital Statistics Methods (United Nations Publication, Sales No.: 55.XVI1.1 chapter XIV.

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of, the 'detad Lcd maps available', both in Tebard to pr.""sical features' and Geographic situation of localities. The maps issued to enumerators need not be highly technical and detailed but should be in the natllre,gf simple sketch maps which can be interpreted by field workers at the local level.

,

.

._".--~-.,~_.-

15.

Para. 55, to be altered. Where basic mapping is Lnad equat.e f:gr,F.

whole territor;)T, ,it is frequently possible to find usef'uI maps .of'.sub- national areas prepared for special_, pu~poses. All such sourceS should

- " " - - -",' ^" , ' ,

be inv8stiiSated and copies ,s'entrali,zed well in advance of the census e;{umoration. In any cas o , h,,?wever, the time and expense involved in the careful d,rawing of enumeration areas are further justified by their subsequent USe for ncn-vcanaus purposes 'and particularly as they "cens'ti tute fram'es", for pest-censal sample surveys.

- ,

16.

Para. 575a) to be inserted. A oomplete and up-to~date list of locali ties is, essential for the establishment of cod.Ln g of pl ace names for

" ,

use at the tabulation stage. I t

is

also neoessars; for allocating code.

numbers to enumeration areas, sinoe the latter are normally delimited

• .i ','-

with due consideration for the boundaries of looalities. In some, regions, the establishment of a defihitive list -ef locah1ii~~ i'5' ama'jor"operation owing to difficulties· arising from the fragmentation or disappearance or oombanati.on of v'illag-es and "1 th changes 'in name, variations in spelling of names or the existence of more t r.an one name for the same place.

17. Para. 56, to be altered. In areas for which detailed mapping is not feasible or as a supp l ernen tar-y-me tbod of inr'entifyirrg'iimatj:--'a:l:'eas',' asystelllatio and complete listing. of,l,<;<..o.alitj,es may,repla"".map£illg.

Census tests·'

113';'

Para. 64. first sentence to be a,lt sr-ed , The testing of various aspects of a census plan prior to the enumeration is a practice which i~ evetYwher~useful;but for countries without a long history of census-

t~king, te~ting

is not only useful but essential.

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Pa:te 6 \~

19,. Para. 64, last sentence to, be, altered. To yield full ben ef.i ts, tests should b,e ",mploY<;ld, for a I Lvst agea of the census" including collection of data, editing, coding, :tabulation, and post-enumeration field checks of accuracy .of' r esu.Lt s^s.

Evaluation of results

20. Para. 85(a} to be inserted. As noted: .m'pAra. 9,1.of.E/CN/330, the usei'ulness of and the extent of public interest in census results may dl!nlln'.ch rapidly if publiaation of results

is'

'delayed. I t is therefore

advisable tihatrbas Lc data such as population by Tbcali ty Dr small

administrative area and total population by age and sex be 'issued in the raw form as soon as is humanly possible, with·the assurance to the users 01' the data that eva Iuatd on studies wi:J:-I be available later.

21. Para. 97, sentences to be added. Distinction is to be made between 'the reliability Dr 'precision' of: a 'sampl'e..,esm.mate,_ as, m.eaSured by tlte 'sampling error (wI ich gives the differ~nce between the estimates ob'ta'ined

from a sample and from

a

complete enumeration under _th~ same general conditions of the survey) and accuraci as measured by the difference between the tru'e value (vmcn is gen er a l Iy unkncvn ) arid 'that obtained :from an eriqui r-y , Hhether on a sample or 'a' complete enumeration basis.

22. Para. 108, s~ntence to be added. The use of a list of small areas, with identifiable boundaries, is endorsed as a suitable frame, one

particular advantage being that in a post-enumeration check, the sample units might be chosen beforehand,whh the'idea. t,bat.:..each.t.,el"c.ted aamp I.e unit be completely enumerated; ',\

,., 1

Sampling as an integral part of a census

23. Para. 112, senten~o be added. Though sampling techniClu8s have, in addition, been used in annmber- ofcmnrtri-es'a", -a-sUbe't'1'~t-.,.·f'or 'a oomplete enumeration, lh"ere is now a

~ov~

towards', complete enumeration.

''-Even so, a few countries' in the AfricanreSlon

mk

y ih the 1970 'c~nsus";

round oontinue to have' recourse to' the

sampl~'

survey because

reso~rces

are too limited to permit a complete enumeration of the total population or particular segments of the population, e.g. nomads.

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Private hbusehold'

24. 'Para. 149(a).-lE)J.-i.E). e,nd (d); to replace the present Para. 149.

149(a) In the African region, account must be taken of the 'dde- ,spread,existence in the rural areas of the social pattern by which a

~roup of people live within the, one compound or concession under the authority of a common hoad but dispersed amongst a number of separate ,shelters. Such a group may consist, for example, of (a) an extendet

family of Several generations who, though living in the one compound or concession, make separate provisions for eating; or (b) a man with a 'number of wives'; each o"1'wtom has her separ-at.o shelter, but 'all of whom

share common provisions for eating.

149(b) Recognition muct also be given to the existenoe in other rural areas of Africa and in the urban arBasin general, of patterns of social grouping wbich are quite distinct from the above. However, the compound or concession is so prevalent that it cannot be treated as an exception to a general rule. Rather the basic definition of the social unit 'to te ":enumerat ed must be clearly applicable to the compound or concession, as well as to other forms of social groupings.

149{c) For this reason the followine cpf;.nition of household iii suggested for applicati?n in African CGnsuses: A private household

consists of one person or a group of persons living together and making common provisions for eating. The group may pool their resources and have a common budget to a greater or less extent; it may be composed of related or of unrelated persons, or a combination of both, including boarders but excluding lodgers,

149(d) Normally one household occupies a housing unitllbut there may be cases '(a) where two or more hcuseholds live together in the one housing unit and (b) where one household occupies more thln one housing unit. In the case of the compound or concession, there may be one or more households, according to the practice followed by the group in relation to the provisions for eating. However, each compound or concession should be regarded as one housing unit for census purposes).

17

practice

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25. Para. 150. The criteria for _~ private household are _n~t met by the practice of defining a household simply as the entire group of persons jointly occupying a hous,,,g unit. I t has been a practice in parts of Africa to apply this definition in censuses, and it is

recognized that it corresponds with the realities in many rural areas.

However, the elimination of the criterion of "making common prevision for eating" malee" it impossible to identify those housing uni ts which

contai~ more than one household; this information is needed in connexion with housing censuses and sample surveys.

26. Para._1.2:!.:-to_~~d..eletedfor the African programme (The content of

this paragraph, with appropriat8 changes, has been transferred to Para.149(d) ).

Collective household- - - -

27. Para.

1.'2.2-,

first sentence. ColI ective households comprise 5I"oups of persons who live together but who do not constitute private housetolds because of the fact that their living arrangements (including their

eating arrangements) are organizec for them and not by them. These arrangements are to a considerable extent dictated by the size of the group, which is typically larger than that of the private household.

Persons living in boarding houses and hotels, in the dormitories of schools and collegcJ, :ell correctional and penal establishments, in hospitals, convents, military installations and the like, constitute collective household~.

Place of enumeration

- - - - -

28. Para~_2j~_~~tence to be added. G1ring to the severe limitation of resources in a rillm~cr of African countries, and also to the fact that some countries are planning their first complete enumeration, it may be preferred to adopt the "present-in-area" (de facto) population as the basis for enumeration because of its comparative simplicity.

Countries with greater resources, or countries with special local problems, may prefer the "usually resident" (de ,jure) basis, or some combination of the two bases.

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29. Para. 157, sentence to oe added. For statistical purposes, a period of six months absence or presence may be taken as a standard by which to distinguish temporary from permanent residents.

-.-~•• _+ • . _ • • • - -

30. Para. 158(a), to be insrted. An inquiry into the place of sojourn or the place of usual residence of temporary absentees and temporary visitors could be useful to countries wishing to investigate migratory movements. This technique could be adapted to meet the needs of

countries with a "migrant labour" problem, and the information obtained could be supplied reciprocally by neighbouring states with advantages to all concerned.

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PART 2. TOI'ICS TO BJ::: IpV';STIGATED IN AFRICAN POPULATION CENSUSES

(PART V of United Nations £'f..t.Qcip1.es .and ilecommendations fOL_E1.:...!:.'2.pul2ti~C.§J~s,^E/2!I.•,3/3JO).

31. Para"_1L0-,--i.o.J?§_'::.el!l8~g<!" 'I'he list of topics given below in para. 36

repres8nts "

8'

'C.~,' ':>: ,.'. ",'. I','ncci.eac appr oa ch to the problems of census-taking in countries _~nth limited reso~rc8S9 ~nd is believed to include the information which is of the greatest importance and use- fulness to African countries. The list, even though a simplified one, may be considered too extensive for certain countries and these may prefer to devise alternative methods for obtaining some of the data.

32. Para. 1I~_l)."'...!:§E!ca,,-eQ. The topics are listed under two headings, namely "Das i.o" and "O't h e r Useful". The former category includes the

topics which _ar~ of moat wide-spread _urg~ncy and interest in Africa, while the second category includes items which may be of the first importance for particular countries but which do not seem to bo of

equal u r-gen cy t.hr oug nouG the region. It should be noted that only those topics hav o been includ-.,i t.hi ch are inves-oigated by means of a direct entry on the s ch eccu Les th~]:'.:Gfore "derived" topics (such as tot2.1 popula- tion) _a~e omitted eroo the list,

33. Para e.,l:E._~.". be.JeP.~.a.:.S'.e,d;. The Basic Topics have been divided into two groups; group A.re.'·~c::(c:_ top'C~ "hich may be investigated in a compl~te enuQc~ution while group ~~cOLsl3tS of topics which

(principally be c au s e they roquvre ·~areful ^and ^ti.me-vconsuming Questioning) are best investigated ;or a sample of the population.

34. Para. 17~--,_t.o.J-~J..'?£.lacec.. Each set of topics is arranged so that, within each category, rel~ted topics are in consecutive order and are placed somewhat in the o~der in which they might occur on a census questionnaire. No priorities ~re implied by the order of listing wi thin gTOUpS.

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---_ , ^... ,----,_.---

___ 6i>JU

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35. Para. 174. to be replaced. ~he definitions and specifications of each of the basic topics are biven in paras. 37 to '63 below. Though the "derived" topics have not been listed in para. 36 they are amongst the moet important items resulting from the' census, and definitions and specifications for them are included with those given for the basic topics. Some brief indications are given of the specifications which might be adopted for investigating the topics appGaring in para. 36 as

"Other useful topics".

36. Para. 175, the two introductory sentences to be aIilitted and the list of topics to read as follows,

BASIC TOPICS RI:COEtFJ1D2Il

A. Topics ,to be investigated in a complete enumeration 1. Geographical location at the time of the census 2. Name

3. Sex

.. .__~,4_._, ....Age ...--.-.~...-_.-....,-..-".~...-.

5.

Relationship to head of household 6. Citizenship andl01' ethnic.gr()~!,,!,_

7., Educational attainment 8. Econo~ic characte1'istics

B. ToPics' to be investigated on a sample basis 9 . 1 it er acy

10. Place of birth 11 ',M.a,:r,i!aL§.:t.aJ'lls , '

12. Total children born alive

13., Numbe1' of c hi.Ldr-en alive at census .data

-~.~

._._.-

14. Live births during 12 months preceding census 15. Deaths by age during 12 months preceding cenSUS

.~ ,Foradul

t

') women

l ' '

) ,,' only

r.

"Derived" t opa cs

II. Basic topics, distinguishing those investiGated in a complete enumeration from those investigated in a sample inquiry

III. OthBrg~aful_~o~i~s

DERIV=D TOPICS

38. Total population, paras. 268-273 of Principles and Recommendations The specificatloni-glven in the United Nations document are

applicable in the African region.

39. Locality, paras. 242-4 of Principles and Recommendations Para. 242, fifth line. "Farm hamlets" should be substituted for "farms".

Para. 243, sentences to be added. Confusion between locality and smallest civil division is particularly likely to arise in Africa,

where population is often dispersed rather than clustered. In such

cases, it may be difficult to define locality cut it is essential that the smallest unit, whatever it m~y be, should -be clearly described in the census documents.

40. Urban and rural population, Paras. 274-278 of Principles and Recommendations

Para. 277, third and fourth sentences to be replaced. Pending evolution of more easily recognizable distinotions between urban and rural areas, each country in Africa must determine the difference according to local conditions. The principle of distinction should be clearly stated in the census documents. There may consequently be lack of international comparability for some time to come in the urbani rural data produced in censuses in different regions and even in different

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-~.,::_."-"',:~....'-:'-"--~;;".._.:-.__ ••_.---_ ...::.-:-::.-,-":':•••~...;..,;.<- ...._:...-_.-^."."------'-'

countries of the same region. 'I'he Hsting of locali tieso:r:smal1est

';ci~il

divisions. by population

size,an~:th~'dis~;;i'b~;;n--:~:~

^...

clas~e~,

\;i.ll help 'to cl:arify the ext.ent to which the she criteria

~e~omm~nded'f~r

Europe are applicable or

~napplicable

^{in. Africa}

1{

.. 41• . Qeof;raphic :'

::.;::::"'_.":1

at the time of the censuses, paras. 154-158(13.) and. para 264.

These specifications are applicable in the African region.

BASIC TOPICS - COlr,PLETE ENUMERATION

42. Name (no specifications given in Principles and Recommendations) Because of the restricted number of names in use in some parts of

Africa and also because of variations in spelling,as many namE!s should be recorded as it is possible to enter on the schedule.

43. Sex, para 267, first sentence to be altered. The seX of every individual should be recorded on the census ~uestionnaire, and care should be taken to avoid a tendency to report female children as males

or to omit the entry ~ltogE'lher. L

Age, paras. 176 to .178

44. Para. 178:; sehte.hce~hie, inserted after the first sentence, and second sentence to be altered~ This is a major problem in Africa, particularly in areas where i3.ge is not r"H,!cIJ!.'",~~.,,:,?-co_r.~inIL:t.oWE!si;ern

chronology but ,in ,zJ'a<ies which reflect .status in the community. In all instances whe:ri!it is not possible to obtain a statement of age,

,

every effort must be made to arrive at an estimate of the age of each_'-. _,"., _. person, using historical calendar" of local eVf.'nts;·these estimates should. be recorded in completed year" (or should ,indicate the estimated year of birth) and at the precessing stage thGY should be grouped to show' (1) infants under 1 year of age etc. (as in .Principles and Recommendations) ""-.c .. " ,..,..

. ._--".""-_._--,.-...--_..

..

_.-

^--.-^•..^_--'

11

These size criteria are:

, r: Under 2,000 = rural 2,000 - 10,000 = semi-urban 10,000 and over= urban

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2.r

- - - - - -""

^...

- - - _ ^.. _ ^.. ^_---

E!CN.14!CAS.S!CPH/3 Page 14

45. Relationship to head of household, para..·• 2.}2-234

Para., 233, .to be latered. In recording relationship of household members to the head ^of the household, the head, his wife and their'

unm~Tried children ahould be entered consecutively, followed by othe~

relatives and non-relatives. In the case of a man with more than one

·m.fe·:r~·thesame···J:io~scehoi~the

second wife and her unmarried ohildren should be /Srouped together, and similarly for other wives. The suggested order i's 'd~mo~s'trated in the following example:

1. Head

·,2 .•...Wif'e.. ..~c._.:c.".

_., ..

_~

..",".- .

3. Son (unmarried) 4. Daughter (unmarried.)

5.

Son (married)

6 • Wife (of 5) ',.',, __.._ ...

7. Daughter (of 5 and 6) 8. [ather (of, 1)

9. Servant etc.

This arrangement has the double advan^ta^ge of permi tting analys~~.by

family units, if desired, and also of minimizing the problems of lack

OIe'iliivalentSiri~·a.·riu~Der·oithe·

local Languages forihe

te~ms

^u1\ed

- " ' - - '.-.,_.- ._---",.-

." "

,---

to indicate many of the degrees of relations?ip.

46. Para. 234, to be ,1tered. Relationship to the head of thehouse~

hold is not appropriate asa basis' of-classifying persons who are members of collective hOUSeholds. However, it should be noteli'that where there are private households (such as managers

or

direotors of hotels or hospitals, with private liVing arrangements) within the collecti.ve households, the members wi1:l naturally be classified by rela_. ti onahf.p to the head •.

,...^{- " -}.-...-_...•_. ^---,-,,,..-

47. Citizenship (paras. 18}-18])

The specifications are applicable in the African region.

48. Ethnic groups (paras. 221-222)

Para. 221. The words "customs of rJ.ress and eating" should hp, omitted.

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E/CN~14/CAS~5/CPH/3 Page 15

49. Educational attainment (paras. 216-220)

Para. 217, to be altered. For international purposes, a grade is a stage of instruction usually covered in the Cou~se of a school

year. The UN;:;S,COdefini tions cited in the Principles and Recommendations are too detatled for present use in Africa, partly because there are very small numpers receiving secodary and tertiary education and partly because this is in some countries,a transition period in which educational

syste~s are changing. However an approximation to this classification is desirable and could oe effected as follows'-

(a) education in certain types of religious schools should be excluded al toe;ether on the grounds that such schools do not cover the usual schools curriculum;

(b) educatLon iprecedang the first level should be recorded as a separate category;

(c) data on education at the first, second and third levels, if not d~rectly obtainable, could be derived from entries based on the 'grade completed in the local school system, provided a suf'f'Lc-i errtLy detailed' description is given in the census documents (as suggested in para. 220' of the Principles and Recommendations);

(d) data on vocational training should be obt ai ned.. where possible.

Where there are local problems, such as recent changes in the educational system, the number of years of full-time schooling might be recorded instead of a detailed classification by

".

,.

grade and level.

- .( __ • I,.

50. Zconomic characteristics (paras. 193-210 }';'''i'liedefini hons'and specifications given in

thePrin~iples"anaRe'co'~mendat'i'ons'are':~:..._--

_.

_...

_' , " , ' ,

applicable in the African region but the following points are emphasized' (a) In identifying the persons enumerated as active qrinactive,

it is sUGgested that the order of priority should be (a) employed; (b) unemployed, (c) inactive. For persons with

(18)

·BIen •

~4/CAS. ,/CPH/3 Page 16

more than one aconomuc. activity, informanDTI-"on"'subs:tdiary economic activities may also be recorded."ll"r...·resou:tces· make this practicable •

._:.c."--_lh} .

The difficulty must be recognized of distinguishing employers and own-account workers among those engaged in subsistence

a~ricultural activities. For identifying family workers, the criterion of working a specified minimum amount 'of time

(at least 1/3 of normal working hours) should be applied.

(c) It is also necessary to recognize the difficulty of defining unemployment in situations without specific job opporturiities,

and it is suggested that in addition to persons actively seeking work, those who declare that they would accept a job if it were offered to them should also be included in the catecory of unemployed.

(d) In the general African situation, no specific minimum age limi t need be recommended for all the countries, but the choice should be left to the countries themselves; on the other hand, caution is also to be exercised not to set too Iowan age limit.

(e) The adoption of the week as the time re£erence per~od is recommended; additional information might be collected on

"usual" characteristics over a long j!eriod, especially for seasonal 'lOrkers; persons "with a job but not at work" might be shown separately.

BASIC TOPICS - SAMPLE OF POPU14TION

51.

Literacy (paras.

238-244)

Para.

240,

sentence to be added. HOWever, because of the importance in some countries of particular languages, it might be desirable to make an additional inquiry into the language(s) in which each person claims to be literate.

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E/CN .14/CAS.5/CPH/3 Page 1'7

52. Place of birth (paras. 254-260)

( a) Para. 254, sentence to be ad.d.ed, Because many women deliver their babies away from horne ( for example, in hospital or in their mother's home) , it may be more informative 'if each person reports the usual place of rGsidence of his parents at the time of his birth.

(eb). Pa-ra,·25'7 , addition to be ·made to the first sentence.·... ',", bu t it can also be used effectively to·gi-v.e an«·eatima'tec·of···^{c .} the net' gain.·by mi gr-a.ti.cn- from ·other ceuntries lin case where there are difficulties in obtaining complete current records of extornal migration.

(c) Para. 2572 Second o enten co , The word "however" should be omitted

(d) Para. 260, to be replaced. It is therefore suggested that, where data on internal migration are urgently needed and whore the reSources available make it feasible, consideration be' given to the collection of information on duration of

residence (see paras. 190-192 of Principles and Recommendations).

53-

Marital Status (paras. 249-253)

(a) Para. 249. first sentence _t~ be altered, Marital status is the personal status of 8ach individual in relation to the

customary or other law of the country9

CO) Para •. 249, "econd sentence to be replaced ... The categor:ies. of mari tal status to be identified should be, (a) single l t.ha^t ^vis never married, (b) married (including those in stable' de facto unions), (c) ;,idowed and (d) divorced (including those 1egally separated). The ca^togori.es must be olearly defined in the census documents, with dU8 regard to local.practioe in regard to marriage and its dissolution.

(c) Para. 250, to be replaced. The great variety of practices existing in Africa, under both statutory arid customary Law cannot be satisfactorily investigated in a census inquiry, and it is preferable to avoid too much refinement, especially in regard to divorce and separation' the dⁱ s s oIutd on of consensual

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E/CN •·14/cAS.5/CPH/3 Page 18

unions and of certain types of- customary marriage, as well as polygamous unions, makes it extremely difficult to obtain accurate and consistent reports, and the resulting data may be misleading.

(d) Para. 252, second sentence to be extended ••••••• or on the type of marriage (as consensual, or by civil or religious ceremony, or by cus tom) •

54. Total children born alive and Number of children alive at the census date, paras. 179-181

(a) Para, 180, first sentence to be altered. Information on the total number of live-born children should preferably be collected for _all adult vomen (defined approximately as those aged 15 years and

over) regardless of marital status.

(b) P2ra. 181, to be replaced. Although the data to be collected are defined as "live-born children" and "number of children alive at

the census date", additional very careful probing questions must be asked in order to check tho accuracy of the replies. For example it is necessary to be sure that all infant deaths are remembered and accounted for and that adopted children are not included in the reports given by the individual respondents. Some criterion (such as whether the chield cried) must be established for distinguishing a live birth from a still birth. For these reasons, sampling is the more effective technique for obtaining the infor~ation required.

55. Live births durin,_ the 12 months precedinlj the <census, para. 182, -(t'O"be replaced by 182 (a), (b) & (c)

(a) Paras. 182 (a). The considerations mentioned in para. 54(b) above apply here also with added complexity owing to the problems posed by the time - r0ference period. In attempting to obtain information on the number of chlldren born alive in the period precedinE the census, it is necessary to aSK all adult women a number of questions designod to elicit the whole pattern of relevant ev~nts in the recent past' pregnancy, foetal deaths, live births, multiple births and, perhaps most difficult of all, factors which will help to allocate the event correctly either in or out of the reference period (the seasons of the year, the harvesting of crops, religious or other festivals) in the attempt to fix the ovent in time.

(21)

•

<. .' - i*

---,~"_._--_._---

... ---_ ^... --- ^.... ---

E/CN • 14/CAS.5/Crn/3 Page 19

•

(b) 182(b). The use of a time-reference period of 12 months is -'suggestedfo:r'-general'-use,th'ough a; longer period' such 'as' 2 years may be preferable if it is proposed to make detailed tabulations (sh6Wing interval in months between the event and the interview) with the intention of diagnosing and adjusting for errors of recall.

(c) 182(c). Because of the difficulties associated with the time- ,ce'-TciBrerrce-_~ied/- the adv ani>a1'\'8s .of-sampHng are-eV'en· great er

than in the-'Catte--o-f' inves-tigai>i-ng-thetotal number-of live- born children.

56.

Deaths by age during 12' months preceding the censuses (not included in the PI'inciples and Recomm8na.ations ).

(a) This question must be asked of the head of household or, if

. . r .. ···

this proves impossible, of some oth~'r~sponsible adult. The problems are simila; to those associated with the investigation of births in 'the period pr~cedlhg the census but the possibilities 'of ~rror (mainly of om1ssiOh) a~e greater and there is the

additional problem of obtaining the age of those 'who died and who obvi ousJ,y.__caunot,...ansver..,;[QL.j;heIilsrlvesL._Cj'1:!~_~!'Xo.:r('lmay arise. from (a). the existen.ce. .i,n cer-tad.n areas .of .reluctance

___~-: ~_ _L.- ,. .,~~__:__ : ' - .,

to refer to deathS, especially of babies, which may be thought of as unlucky or as reflecting some shame on the mother or

the family in general,~b).a tendency to forg",t deaths of infants _~_!l!l,--j;Q.__:f.:.Q)tg§j;_()rJ)eignoraht of their exact age, (c) the

difficulty of obtaining any report of deaths of persons who lived alone, or of deaths which ·.may have led to the breaking up of a household, (d) the likelihood of missing both births_{, ,} and deaths in cases where a mother has died in childbirth or shortly afterwards (the possibility of the death of both a mother and baby should always be specifically investigated).

(b) Once again, the difficulties are considerable and if alternate means are availablo for obtaining estimates of the death rate, countries may prefer to omit the question from the census.

(22)

E/CN.14/CAS·5/CPH/3

Page 20'" '

oasis.

(24)

I:/Cl'.14/CA,S.5/CPH/3 Page 22

(PAaT VI of Unitod Nations Principles and Rocommendations for a Population Census, E/ml/330)

Scope and objectives of rocommended tabulations

63. Fara. 279, tbird and fourth sentences to be altered. Both types of tabulations deal ',;i th the topics r-cc ommcn Led for collection. I'h e basic tabulations arc presumed to b o of interest to all c cuntr-a os of the region. The additionDl tabul~tions~ whil~ &180 of ge~2rally recognizod importanc0 for the rouion, are of primary into~cst in only some of the count ri cs , and st:rvo aomcwh.it mo.rc s p cc La li z ed pur-r.oc cs than the basic tabulations or involve SOMewhat morG elacorate compilation prOCEdures.

64. Para. 279(0) to be added. It must b~ r2membered that, since the African programme incorporatGs a rucomm~ndation that certain topics be investigated in a Sample of the population, the amount of detail "hich can be sho~ in the tabulations will be dGpGndent upon thG s~mple design;

the si z o of the sample ,Jill usually r-ost r-Lct t nc geographical brackdown to major civil divisions and pcr h aps in some Lnctan c.;» \trill Jimit it to tabulation for tho country as a whole.

6)6 Para. 200. cocond ssntoncu to be orritted.

66. Fara. 284, s2ntences to be addod. It is particularly nGcessary to nato that in certain tabulations, such as those relating to educational

attainm0n~s and literacy~ lower ?gc limits havo been set which are

intended as a guide~ for purposes of international comparison. However, many countries will wis h to :,-·,~,t Lowe r age limits in ordor to make the fullost national USG of the data obtained.

(25)

;;:/CN • 14/CAS .5/CPH/3 Page 23

67.

Li

7t

of recommended tabulatio'is Tabulation no.

1 • 2.

6.

7·

8.

9.

Title

Total population and population of major,

intermediate and minor civil divisions, by sex.

~'opulation in localities by size-class of localities by Sex.

Population of 'rincipal localitios, by sex.

[opulation by typo of household ~d size of

pr ivat o - houschold ,

P -rulation by single years of ~ge and sex.

Popul"tion by five-year age £roups and sex.

To pu La b i.on by marital status~ age 2nd sex.

Population by place of birth, age arid sex.

Foroi~l-born population by country of birth,

a0,0 and seX.

Population ¥,ars of age by major "thnic groups, typo of activity, ago and sox.

10.

11 • 12.

Population by Population by

c.it i z sns hr p , age and Sex and/nr

o-thnd c GToup, age and sex.

13.

15·

16.

18.

19.

20.

Employod and unemploye0 population by major ethnic

groups~ age and sox.

Economically active population by major ethnic

groupsi-industry~ age and sex.

Economically a c-tLv .. p opuLabi on by major ethnic STOUPS occupation, agG and sex.

Economically activo population by major :::thnic [,roupss age e.nd sex.

:Oconomically FectivG population by major ethnic groups, st~tus, industry and seX.

Economically active population by major ethnic gToups, status, occupation p~d sex.

Population 10 years of age and over by literacy, agu and seX.

Population 25 years of age and OV8r by educational

attainm0nt~ aG0 2nd sex.

(26)

~/CN.14/CAS.5/CPH/3 Page 24

Tabulation no.

21.

22.

23.

25·

26.

27.

28.

29.

}o.

32.

33.

34.

35·

36.

Title

F'cmaLc population 15 years ef---age ",ni ovar by ago and number of childron born alive.

Numbor of livG births i~ lost 12 months by age of !I\other

Number of deaths in the last 12 mo~ths, by s~x

and ago of d8codont.

Additional tabulations

i!lsing data collocted on the basic topics) Population in private household by size of houBahold and nurnbor of family nuclAi.

Nativo-born population by major civil division of birth, age and sex.

Alian population by cou~try of Jitiz2nship, age and sox.

Popu Lati.on not c c onomi ceLj.y active by major ethnic groups, functional categories, age and sox.

Eoonomically active population b: major cthni c groups, occupation, educational attainm3nt, age and sex.

Female population ogcd 15 yoars of age and 'ver by ai',", nr.mb or- of crri Ldr on born :'Clive and

educational att2inmcnt.

Tabulations based on data ocllected 'on other useful t0pjcs

Population of major civil divisions by rcligion₁ age and sex.

Urban and rural population by status (as r-e si d cnt .

prosent, resident ~bsent and visitor) by age

.md :'38X.

Pcpulation by major civil division of presont rLsid8nco arid rnajor civil division of pre-vious residonco, age ~Dd SGX.

and/or

Populetion resident in each principal town by major civil division of previous residerlce? age and S8X.

Popu La'tton by duration of residence in locality and major adrm ni st r-rti.ve division, age and sex.

Meles ~gGd 15 years and over by numbor of wives and

by RgG.

Urban and rural populatien by type of disabili~y, .:12:8 and sex.

(27)

!Vc••I41cJa.5/^CJOV3 , _ 25

Tc.bu!a.1;!on

POJl'L1aUoa. iaoluUd

.0.

Sbort title

1. Pop\1l.ation b¥ Total

oh'il division

2. LooalitoY elH Total

Oeosraphlc cludfioaUoa Ca) !o1;a1oOW1t1'7 ("0)Kaoh . .jor ud.IIlbQZ'

obl1 d.1.vblon

:D1eUquhh urOu. Mel t\LI'al for (a.> To\&1 00\U11q

( ) -.oh_ma~rdivll dirt.10ll

!eB JIale, te.al.

Ca)!IS XU., t . . .l.

.!!.I!.* .£l!!!.1 500,000+ 100,000 - 499.999

50,000 - 99.999 20,000 - 49,999 10,000 - 19,999 5,000 - 9.999 2,000 - 4.999 1,000 - 1,m

500 - 199

200 - 499 UDClIl:t' 200

PopllaUon not in :l4eDtWaW.e 100&11U••

....ber at local!U•• ot eaob alH.

J.

6.

Size o~ prinoipAl 100&11U. .

Type and.-1ze of

b~.ho14

POPllaUon t4 loo.Uti••

aboq a oer\&i.n ai ... aDd of the urban agslOllera:Uon of 8&OIa IIUOh 100al1'-1

'l'otal po;pulatieD

'lo'tal population

(a) Total0""""

(b) .Iaoh ....101' oivil diYblon

Dht1J1sU1ah urban UI4 1"U1"&ltar (a)

(a) Total oOUl'ltq (b) ••_~Ol'Ul4.i.rloroirtl

41ris1ona

( 0) koh prine1pal town

»letingu1eh urbaa aDd ~l tor Ca)

Pr1no local!U . .lUll! \hdr urbu

~ 1;-oe. 9&011 a;plto1t1ed.011.7 or tOWllJ

Uwurban -sgl.,.eraUQD or ••ch eptloiti.4 01t)' 01' tOlm

•

!s' "Ie, ^t.1Iale

!la- Pr1vate, oolI.oU.... , Dotatated, aDd-,

"JNl,raw1.J,

...

tJw DWI~r o~ hou. .holdll o~ each 81.. Of priY&te ~ouaeholdl1J2,3,4,5,6,1,6,9,10

BDl1 OYer, not . . .ted, arul, aeparateq, the nuaber o~ hc».uiehol48 or each aise.

Iil!.' tJnur 1 7fjar, 1,2,3,4",6••••••in eingle 18U'8 10 99, 100 and.over, Dot .tated

!!!.' lIah, ~. .al.

AI.!.' 0-<', H ...• :f1...-;r.ar £l"OUPII to

~~. 85 u4.over, not .tated.

,t

(28)

NC.

8.

Tabulation Short Utle lola::-!ta.l statue

Plo.oe orbirth

Place of tirth or foreign-bol"rl

Po~ulat1o!linclude4

Total populaUon

'1'otal popIJ1aUon

Forel~-borrl.

pof\.lla1ion

aeagraphia el...trioation

(.) Total co~*r¥

(b) 8aoh major elv!1 division DiBtinguhh urtle. ~d N.r~lfor Ca.}

<a>~otal oountr,y

(b) .kcb llIajor oivil division Distinguish urban and rural tor Ca)

Total country

Baoh ~ajor civil alvi810n

l/eN.'4/eAs.5/cPB{}

Page 26

Attribute cla••ification

Marital atatu8J Single (that is never married), aarried, widowed, divorced, root stiLted.

AI!.' Under 15, 15-19, 20-24 ••• five-yeo.r P'Qllpa to 70-74, 75 and cver ,not stated .!!.l;IlIal., telll&1e

Plaoe orbirthtllative_born, foreign-born,

not stated. •

.!e.' Unlier 1:teu, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 ••••

tive-:te.r t:roup. to 70-74, 75 and over, not sta'ted.

!!:t Male, telJale

COWl.tg of birtAt Bach conUnent, each

co~tr,ywithin eaoh ~~~tinentwniob is ths bi,fthpla.c. of .. dpli!1oant number uf

£o.re1&n-bo.rn .Polr~on8, all ,rt!l.er countries (ooD~in.d)in oach oontinent, continont not known.

hJJ.!.. Under 1.lear, 1-4, 5-), 1C-T4 ...rave- le/U'".rou~. ec 70-74, 75 ~d over, Mt st;;;.ted.

seXI Nale^I £61u",1.

r

2>lsUngu1ah urbaJ:l and. rural for Ca)

-o,

11.

,2.

CUben.hip

gtnnl0 BrOUJI

Typ~ of activity

Total JIOp.llaUon

Total population

Po;pulation a\ or above minimum 888 adopted for enumeratins the

economioal~active population

(c)

Total oou.ntr,y t;aoh major civll d.1vi8ion

'fotal ccr.mtq Each lllaJor civil division

Toh.l ocuntq Eaoh maJo, ciVil d,ivhion Bach 'prinoipal:

locll11ty

Citizenship' Citizen, &lien, I'Klt stated.

.!e.' 0-4, 5-·99~---'lv"'-'yolIarCr<JU1l8 to 70-74, 15 OYer, not 8t~t9d

!!!- ....10, female

Ethnic mupt Baoh group .for which tJ8par6.te inf'o1'lll,:t1on is required, all utller8, not stated

~. Under 5 yeus, 5-14, 15-24. 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 60-64, 15 over, not steted.

58%. Kale, felDale

Ethnic grouP' To bit a.etl.'l1'lllined by local 411~d8

Type of activityl Sconolllicaill activll, Ol''t eoonomically activ., not etated.

~. Under 15, 15-19, 2O-2.t1,----five- Tear~ro~,ato 10-74, 15 ~~d over, nut Btated

S.lU Ma.l., f~m.l&

• •