Article
Reference
Sur quelques coprolithes de crustacés
PARÉJAS, Edouard
PARÉJAS, Edouard. Sur quelques coprolithes de crustacés. Archives des Sciences, 1948, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 512-520
DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-739286
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:137403
Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.
1 / 1
6e$1&( '8 'e&(0%5(
(GRXDUG 3DUpMDV ² ©U IZHIIWHY FRSUR/]$HV ULH &9XVDFpV
(Q VXU ODEDVH GHV
WUDYDX[
GH +% 0RRUH?
QRXV DYLRQVDWWULEXp
ORUJDQLVPH % GH ( -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH DX FRSUR OLWKH GXQ 7KDODVVLQLGp GX 3RUWODQGLHQ3UEHFNLHQ /D GpFRX YHUWH HQ $QDWROLH GDXWUHV UHVWHV GH PrPH QDWXUH QRXV HQJDJH j UHSUHQGUH FHWWH TXHVWLRQ j SUpFLVHU OHV FDUDFWqUHV GH FHV FRUSXVFXOHV HW j OHV SRXUYRLU GXQH V\VWpPDWLTXH TXL SRXUUD rWUH XWLOH DX[ VWUDWLJUDSKHV (Q HIIHW OHV WHVWV GHV &UXVWDFpV VRQW VRXYHQW EULVpV HW LQGpWHUPLQDEOHV RX GLVSDUDLVVHQW HQWLqUH PHQW GDQV OHV VpGLPHQWV DQFLHQV DORUV TXH OHXUV SHORWHV IpFDOHV YDVHXVHV RX VDEOHXVHV SHXYHQW VXEVLVWHU &RPPH OHV IRUPHV HWOHV VWUXFWXUHV WUqV YDULpHV GH FHV UHVWHV SRVVqGHQW GHV FDUDFWqUHV SDUIRLV VSpFLILTXHV OHV FRSUROLWKHV GHV &UXVWDFpV SHXYHQW DYRLU XQH LPSRUWDQFH VWUDWLJUDSKLTXH UpHOOH /DLVVDQW j GHV SDOpRQ WRORJLVWHV KHXUHX[ OH VRLQ GH OHV
DWWULEXHU
j WHOOH RX WHOOH HVSqFHTXLOV WURXYHURQW DX PLOLHX GH OHXUV FRSUROLWKHV QRXV GpFULURQV
FHV UHVWHV SRXU HX[PrPHV HQ OHV JURXSDQW VRXV OH YRFDEOH GH
&RSUROL]$ZV &H SURFpGp D GDLOOHXUV pWp
LQWURGXLW
FKH] OHV&RFFROLWKRSKRULGpHV GRQW RQ QH FRQQDvW TXH OHV SODTXHWWHV SURWHFWULFHV
&RSURG$XV VD=HFHZVLV Q VS
)LJ j
©2UJDQLVPH % ª -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH
( -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH ©0RQRJUDSKLH JpRORJLTXH HW SDOpRQWRORJLTXH GX 6DOqYH ª 0pQL RH GH 3$\V H© GGLV©
UHD© GH *HQqRH Y S SO ;,9 IOJ
$ % 7
1ROWKHQLXV
©(WXGHSS JpRORJLTXH GHV HQYLURQV GH 9DOORUEH ª 0D© &DUWH JpR= 6WLpVVH 16 Q , SILJG J $ $ K
- )DYUHJJ HW $ 5LFKDUG © (WXGH GX -XUDVVLTXH VXSpULHXU GH 3LHUUH&KkWHO HW GH OD FOXVH GH OD %DOPH -XUD PpULGLRQDO ª 0pP RF SDG VXLVVH Y
;/9,
S IOJ DG- 3IHQGHU ©6XU OD SUpVHQFH GH &KSHLQD 0LFKHOLQ HWFª 3X=L 3RH JpRL GH )UDQFH W SO 9 ILJ
(G 3DUpMDV © /RUJDQLVPH % GH ( -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH ª
& 5 ;RH GH 3$\V H© GGGOV© QD© GH *HQqRH Y Q
ILJ
L
+ % 0RRUH © 7KH IDHFDO SHOOHWV RI WKH $QRPXUD ª 3URFHHG 3RS RF 3GLQqDUJ$ Y /8 SDUW,OO
S SO ,,,
3URYHQDQFHV $LJXHEHOOH 6DOqYH QLY J QLY J j
(WRXUQHOOHV 6DOqYH QLY IOJ QLY IOJ /D 6DLQW*HRUJHV$UDJQH IOJ
3LHUUH&KkWHOJJ QLY ILJ
$UFKLYHV GHV 6FLHQFHV 9RO IDVF
6e$1&( '8 'e&(0%5(
&RSUROLWKH F\OLQGULTXH GXQ GLDPqWUH FRPSULV HQWUH HW PP HW GH ORQJXHXU YDULDEOH
,O
HVW WUDYHUVp SDU GHV FDQDX[GH GUDLQDJH pWURLWV j VHFWLRQ FLUFXODLUH HW SDUDOOqOHV j OD[H GX F\OLQGUH /HXU GLDPqWUH YDULH DYHF OD WDLOOH GX FRSUROLWKH /HXU QRPEUH SDVVH GH SRXUOHV FRSUROLWKHV GHMHXQHV j SRXU FHX[
GHV DGXOWHV ,OV VH UpSDUWLVVHQW V\PpWULTXHPHQW GH
SDUW
HW GDXWUH GXQH ]RQH GRUVRYHQWUDOH GpSRXUYXH GH FDQDX[(Q VHFWLRQ WUDQVYHUVDOH OHV FDQDX[ VRQW JURXSpV HQ GHX[
V\VWqPHV 8QH VpULH GRUVDOH FRPSRUWDQW GH VL[ j VHL]H FDQDX[
/HV GHX[ FDQDX[ PpGLDQV VRQW SDUIRLV SOXV UDSSURFKpV GX ERUG
TXH OHV DXWUHVFH TXL FRQIqUH jOHQVHPEOH OD IRUPH GXQH DFFRODGH ILJ /D OLJQH GHV FDQDX[ GRUVDX[ SHXW rWUH DXVVL IDLEOHPHQW ]LJ]DJXpH ILJ RX GHVVLQHU XQ DUF UpJXOLHU ILJ
,O
HVW SRVVLEOH TXH GDXWUHV DOOXUHV VRLHQW GXHV j XQ pFUDVHPHQW DQWpULHXU j OD FRQVROLGDWLRQ GX VpGLPHQW 'HX[ VpULHV ODWpUDOHV HQ FURVVHV RXYHUWHV YHUV OH KDXW
&KDFXQH GHV FURVVHV SHXW FRPSWHU GH TXDWUH j TXDWRU]H FDQDX[
/D VpULH GRUVDOH SDUDvW LQGpSHQGDQWH GHV FURVVHV TXHOOH SHXW GpERUGHU SOXV RX PRLQV ODUJHPHQW YHUV OH EDV HQ GpSDVVDQW OH GLDPqWUH KRUL]RQWDO ILJ /D ILJXUH HVW XQ HVVDL
GLQWHUSUpWDWLRQ
GH OD VWUXFWXUH GH & VD=HHHZVLV /HV IOqFKHV LQGLTXHQW OH VHQV GHV UHSOLV GH OD YDVH DOLPHQWDLUH=DSSRUIVHI ² 3DUPL OHV H[FUpPHQWV G$QRPRXUHV DFWXHOV FHVW GH FHX[ G=SRJH=!LD ROH=IDQUD 0RRUH SO
,
ILJTXH & VD=HRHZVLV VH UDSSURFKH OH SOXV IOJ &KH]
OXQ
HW ODXWUH OD VpULH GRUVDOH SURORQJpH H[LVWH DLQVL TXH OHV GHX[DOLJQHPHQWV GRUVRYHQWUDX[ SDUDOOqOHV /HV FURVVHV GH & VD=H XHQ[LV VRQW UHPSODFpHV GDQV OD SHORWH G=LRJH=ª=D SDU GHV JURXSHV GH FLQT FDQDX[ HQ IRUPH GH :
,O Q\
D SDV GH FUrWHV YHQWUDOHV FKH] & VD=HHHQVLV&H FRUSXVFXOH GpFRXYHUW SDU ( -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH GDQV
OHV QLYHDX[ PDULQV GX 3RUWODQGLHQ3UEHFNLHQ GX 6DOqYH D pWp FRQVLGpUp SDU FHV DXWHXUV FRPPH GHV IUDJPHQWV GH WHVW GXQ DQLPDO &HVW SRXU QRXV OH FRSUROLWKH GXQ $QRPRXUH HW SURED EOHPHQW GXQ 7KDODVVLQLGp
&RSUR=LWL0" VD=HPUQV HVW FRQQX DX 6DOqYH GDSUqV OHV DXWHXUV FLWpV SOXV KDXW =RH FL S GDQV OH 3UEHFNLHQ GHV
(WRXU
QXOOHV QLYHDX[ DX[ FDUULqUHV G$LJXHEHOOH QLY
- )DYUH HW $ 5LFKDUG RF FLO S OH VLJQDOHQW GDQV OH 3RUWODQGLHQ3UEHFNLHQ GH 3LHUUH&KjWHO -XUD PpULGLRQDO QLY 'DSUqV 7 1ROWKHQLXV RF FLW S
LO
H[LVWHGDQV OH 3UEHFNLHQ GX %RLV GH 0ROOHQGUX] HW VXLYDQW $ )DO FRQQLHU GDQV OH PrPH WHUUDLQ GH OD UpJLRQ GX 0DUFKDLUX]
6DLQW*HRUJHV$UDJQH - )DYUH OD QRWp GDQV XQ JDOHW GH OD JRPSKROLWH GX /RFOH $ &DUR]]L QRXV VLJQDOH VD SUpVHQFH GDQV OH 3UEHFNLHQ GH OD '{OH GX &UrWDX%RYDLURQ 1RLUPRQW
HW GH &RQYHUV GDQV OH YDO GH 6DLQW,PLHU (QILQ
LO
ILJXUH GDSUqV3IHQGHU GDQV OHV FDOFDLUHV j &\SH©D GH 1DXV 9DU TXL IRUPHQW OH SDVVDJH GX -XUDVVLTXH DX &UpWDFp LQIpULHXU
RFRL$PV VDOHHHUPV SDUDvW rWUH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH GX 3RUW ODQGLHQ3UEHFNLHQ SpULDOSLQ HQWUH OD 3URYHQFH HW OH -XUD FHQWUDO
00 ( -RXNRZVN\ HW - )DYUH RQW ELHQ YRXOX PHWWUH j PD GLVSRVLWLRQ SRXU FHWWH pWXGH OHXUV PDWpULDX[ GX 6DOqYH 00 - )DYUH HW $ 5LFKDUG FHX[ GH 3LHUUH&KkWHO -H OHV HQ UHPHUFLH YLYHPHQW
&RSURILO$U0 SURYHPY Q VS
)LJ j
(
$OWLQOL
©(WXGH JpRORJLTXH GH OD FKDvQH F{WLqUH HQWUH%DQGLUPD HW
*HPOLN ª L"HH )DF F WP9 VDQQL W
9,,,
SO 9 ILJ
&RSUROLWKH F\OLQGULTXH GXQ GLDPqWUH FRPSULV HQWUH HW PP SRXU OHV W\SHV GRQW QRXV GLVSRVLRQV HW GH ORQJXHXU YDULDEOH
,O
HVW WUDYHUVp SDU GHV FDQDX[ GH GUDLQDJH j VHFWLRQ FLUFXODLUH HW SDUDOOqOHV j OD[H GX F\OLQGUH /HXU QRPEUH YDULHGH VRL[DQWHVL[ j FHQW WUHQWHVL[ &HWWH YDULDWLRQ GRLW GpSHQGUH GH OkJH GX &UXVWDFp /HV FDQDX[ VRQW GLVSRVpV SOXV RX PRLQV V\PpWULTXHPHQW GH
SDUW
HW GDXWUH GXQ SODQ GRUVRYHQWUDO(Q VHFWLRQ WUDQVYHUVDOH RQ SHXW GLVWLQJXHU
$
)DOFRQQLHU
©(WXGH JpRORJLTXH GH OD UpJLRQ GX FRO GX 0DUFKDLUX] ª $DI &D:H JpR XLVVH 16 Q S6e$1&( '8 'e&(0%5(
8QH VpULH GRUVDOH ]LJ]DJXpH FRPSWDQW GH
YLQJW
HW XQ j YLQJWGHX[ FDQDX[ FKH] OH MHXQH ILJ &KH] OHV H[HPSODLUHV)LJ j
&RSURLGbXV SUXVHQVUV Q VS 3RUWODQGLHQ VXS 6HFWLRQV WUDQVYHUVDOHVS SOXV RX PRLQV REOLTXHV 3URYHQDQFHV 0XWOX ODF G$SRO\RQW IOJ dDPOLPDKDOOHVL ILJ
SOXV pSDLV ILJ j FHWWH VpULH HVW GpSULPpH HQ VRQ PLOLHX (OOH SHXW GpSDVVHU OH GLDPqWUH KRUL]RQWDO ILJ HW PrPH VH
)LJ
&RSURIqXV VDHHHUFVLV Q VS
,QWHUSUpWDWLRQ GH OD VWUXFWXUH GX W\SH ILJ )LJ
3HORWH IpFDOH GISRJHIWWD GHOWDDUD 6HFWLRQ WUDQVYHUVDOH GDSUqV +JJ
% 0RRUH SO , ILJ )LJ
3HORWH IpFDOH G9O]LXV VKUjvQFjDV
6HFWLRQ WUDQVYHUVDOH GDSUqV + % 0RRUH SO , ILJ
UHIHUPHU YHUVOH EDV ILJ HQ FRPSWDQW DORUVMXVTXj TXDUDQWH WURLV FDQDX[ 'XQH IDoRQ JpQpUDOH OH GpIDXW ORFDO GHV\PpWULH SHXW VH[SOLTXHU SDU
OREOLWpUDWLRQ
GH FHUWDLQV FDQDX[ GXH j OD UHFULVWDOOLVDWLRQ GH OD YDVH FDOFDLUH)LJ
&RSUROWGLXV SUWWVHUHVLV Q VS
,QWHUSUpWDWLRQ GH OD VWUXFWXUH GX W\SH ILJ
6e$1&( '8 'e&(0%5(
'HX[ VpULHV JURVVLqUHPHQW SDUDOOqOHV DX SODQ GRUVRYHQWUDO HW TXL VpFDUWHQW HQ GHX[ SRLQWV GpWHUPLQDQW GHX[ UHQIOHPHQWV GH OD EDQGH GRUVRYHQWUDOH GpSRXUYXH GH FDQDX[ ILJ
&KDFXQH GHOOHV FRPSRUWH GH GL[ j TXLQ]H FDQDX[
'HX[ FURVVHV V\PpWULTXHV VH GpWDFKDQW DX YRLVLQDJH GX UHQIOHPHQW LQIpULHXU GH OD ]RQH GRUVRYHQWUDOH
8QH RX GHX[ VpULHV LQWHUPpGLDLUHV DUTXpHV HW ]LJ]DJXpHV
&HV pOpPHQWV PDQTXHQW GDQV OH W\SH OH SOXV VLPSOH ILJ 6WUXFWXUH ² 5DSSHORQV TXH GDSUqV +% 0RRUH OHV UDQJpHV GH FDQDX[ MDORQQHQW HW VpSDUHQW OHV UHSOLV TXH OD PDVVHDKPHQ WDLUH D VXELV GDQV OD SDUWLH SRVWpULHXUH GH OHVWRPDF ,9RXV DYRQV HVVD\p GH UHWURXYHU FHV UHSOLV GDQV OHV GLYHUV W\SHV GH & SUX
VHQVLV HQ VXLYDQW
OpYROXWLRQ
GHV pOpPHQWV FDQDOLFXODLUHV jSDUWL
GX FRSUROLWKH OH SOXV VLPSOH ILJ /H UpVXOWDW GH FH GpFKLIU IUDJH SRXU OH W\SH OH SOXV FRPSOLTXp ILJ HVW GRQQp GDQV OD ILJXUH 2QSRXUUD SHXWrWUH DERXWLU j GDXWUHV DUUDQJHPHQWV DYHF XQ PDWpULHO SOXV DERQGDQW
DSSRUWV HW FRKHUHQFHV ² /HV DUJXPHQWV LQYRTXpV SRXU
ODWWULEXWLRQ
GH & VDIHHHQVWV j XQ $QRPRXUH HW HQ SDUWLFXOLHUj XQ 7KDODVVLQLGp VDSSOLTXHQW j & SUXVHWVLV /H GLDPqWUH GH
FH GHUQLHU HVW HQYLURQ OH GRXEOH GH FHOXL GH & VFGHHHQVWV /H QRPEUH GHV FDQDX[ HVW EHDXFRXS SOXV JUDQG FKH] & SUXVHXVLV HW OD VWUXFWXUH FDQDOLFXODLUH VH FRPSOLTXH FKH] FH GHUQLHU SDU ODGMRQFWLRQ GpOpPHQWV LQWHUPpGLDLUHV 'H SOXV OHV ILOHV GH FDQDX[ VRQW SOXV QHWWHPHQW ]LJ]DJXpHV GDQV & SUDWHQVLV TXH GDQV & VDIHHHQVWV
-DL GpFRXYHUW FHV FRUSXVFXOHV GDQV OHV FDOFDLUHV SRUWODQGLHQV UHFXHLOOLV SDU PRQ pOqYH (
$OWLQOL
jO:
GH %URXVVH GDQV OD UpJLRQ GX ODFG$SRO\RQW
HQ 3HWLWH3KU\JLH ,OV RQW pWp ILJXUpV PDLV QRQ GpFULWV GDQV OH PpPRLUH GH FHW DXWHXU /HVSqFH D pWp QRPPpH GDSUqV OH QRP DQWLTXH GH %URXVVH 3UXVD8 SUXVHQVLV D pWp WURXYp HQ GHX[ ORFDOLWpV DX 1 GH dDPOLPDKDOOHVL GDQV GHV FDOFDLUHV JULV SVHXGRRROLWKLTXHV UHQ IHUPDQW &SSHPD ©UDVVLFD - )DYUH GDQV OvOH GH
0XWOX
GX ODF G$SRO\RQW,O
VDJLW Oj GXQ FDOFDLUH RROLWKLTXH HW SVHXGR RROLWKLTXH j 3VHXGRTF=D72WILLXDLI
PXV/DVVRFLDWLRQ GH SFQVHZLV DYHF 3VH0GRTFDPPWQD =W=QZ HW &=LSH=QD QUDVVLFD SHUPHW GH
ODWWULEXHU
DX 3RUWODQGLHQ VXSpULHXU/H PDWpULHO RULJLQDO D pWp
GpWUXLW
SDU OLQFHQGLH GXQH SDUWLHGH OD )DFXOWp GHV 6FLHQFHV
G,VWDQEXO
HQ IpYULHU&RSUR==]$ZV GHFHUQ =QQQ=D=+6 Q VS
)LJ j
(
$OWLQOL
© (WXGH JpRORJLTXH GH OD FKDvQH F{WLqUH HQWUH%DQGLUPD HW *HPOLN ª )HH )DU $F IQLF VWFPLX= W
9,,,
S SO 9, ILJ
&RSUROLWKH F\OLQGULTXH GXQ GLDPqWUH FRPSULV HQWUH HW PP SRXU OHV H[HPSODLUHV pWXGLpV /RQJXHXU YDULDEOH
,O
HVW WUDYHUVp ORQJLWXGLQDOHPHQW SDU GL[ FDQDX[ j VHFWLRQ HQ FURLVVDQW RX HQ IHU j FKHYDO /HV H[WUpPLWpV GX FURLVVDQW VRQW SDUIRLV GLODWpHV RX PrPH DSODWLHV /HV FDQDX[ VH UpSDUWLVVHQW HQ GHX[ JURXSHV GH FLQT GH SDUW HW GDXWUH GXQ SODQ GH VYPp WULH GRUVRYHQWUDO 'DQV FKDTXH JURXSH WURLV FURLVVDQWV VRX YUHQW VXU XQ FHQWUH FRPPXQ OHV GHX[ DXWUHV VRSSRVHQW SDU OHXUV H[WUpPLWpV=DSSRU=V H= GLApUHQFHV ² 2Q SHXW FRPSDUHU OD VWUXFWXUH GH
FH FRSUROLWKH j FHOOH GH OD SHORWH IpFDOH GX 7KDODVVLQLGp DFWXHO G]LQV V=WU$DQF$WWV GpFULWH SDU +% 0RRUH =RH FL= S SO , ILJ /XQLTXH H[HPSODLUH GH FHW DXWHXU SURYLHQW GHV
&KDQQHO ,VODQGV ILJ
,O
FRPSRUWH GRX]H FDQDX[ DX OLHX GHGL[ FKH] GHFHZ =XQQ=DOQV
/DWWULEXWLRQ
GH & GHFHUQ =+QQ=D=QV j XQ &UXVWDFp VLPSRVH GXIDLW
GH ODERQGDQFH GHV UHVWHV GH WHVW HW GHV SLQFHV GDQV OH FDOFDLUH GH7ULO\H
GRQWLO
SURYLHQW&HVW DXVVL YUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW XQ 7KDODVVLQLGp YRLVLQ GW]LQV pWDQW GRQQpV OHV FDUDFWqUHV VWUXFWXUDX[ FRPPXQV GH GHFHUQ
=ZQX=D=QV HW GH OD SHORWH G$]LQV
1RXV DYRQV GpFRXYHUW FH FRSUROLWKH GDQV XQ FDOFDLUH H[SORLWp
HQ FDUULqUH DX NP GH OD URXWH GH
7ULO\H
j .DUDDJDo jO:
GH 0XGDQ\D F{WH 6 GH OD 0DUPDUD &H FDOFDLUH RROLWKLTXH HW6e$1&( '8 'e&(0%5(
SVHXGRRROLWKLTXH SpWUL GH UHVWHV GH &UXVWDFpV
IDLW SDUWLH
GXQ IO\VFK TX($OWLQOL
RF FLW S FRQVLGqUH FRPPH ROLJRFqQH)LJ j
&RSUR$XV GHFHUQ XPUDWXV Q VS 2OLJRFqQH 6HFWLRQVS
WUDQVYHUVDOHV SOXV RX PRLQVS REOLTXHV 7ULO\H 9LOD\HW OH %URXVVH 7XUTXLH
/HV SUpSDUDWLRQV pWXGLpHV LFL RQW pWp GpWUXLWHV SDU OLQFHQGLH
GH
&QLHHUVH GH *HQqHH
/DIWRUDWRWUH GH *HRRJLH