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Microsystems for the electrochemical and optical monitoring of bioenergetic activities of isolated mitochondria

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HAL Id: hal-01871388

https://hal.laas.fr/hal-01871388

Submitted on 25 Sep 2018

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Microsystems for the electrochemical and optical monitoring of bioenergetic activities of isolated

mitochondria

Gabriel Lemercier, C. Colin, Fadhila Sekli-Belaidi, V Vajrala, Xavier Dollat, N. Sojic, P Diolez, J Sarry, Jérôme Launay, Pierre Temple-Boyer, et al.

To cite this version:

Gabriel Lemercier, C. Colin, Fadhila Sekli-Belaidi, V Vajrala, Xavier Dollat, et al.. Microsystems for the electrochemical and optical monitoring of bioenergetic activities of isolated mitochondria. BIOSENSORS 2018, Jun 2018, Miami, United States. 2018. �hal-01871388�

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Laboratoire conventionné avec l’Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

LAAS-CNRS

/ Laboratoire d’analyse et d’architecture des systèmes du CNRS

Microsystems for the electrochemical and optical monitoring

of bioenergetic activities of isolated mitochondria

G. Lemercier1,2,4, C. Colin2,3, F. Sekli Belaïdi1, V.S. Vajrala2, X. Dollat1, P. Diolez3, J.E. Sarry4, J. Launay1,

P. Temple-Boyer1 and S. Arbault2

1LAAS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, France; 2ISM, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, France;

3IHU-LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, France; 4CRCT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, France

Rational

Mitochondria are known as central players in many cellular processes including oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress and signaling through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or the activation of apoptosis by the cytochrome c release. Consequently, they play a key role in the progression of diseases linked to ageing, including cancers and neurodegenerative troubles. The objective of this work is to develop solutions allowing the real time monitoring of bioenergetic activities of isolated mitochondria, at the single mitochondrion scale.

L. S. P. Winer and M. Wu, “Rapid analysis of glycolytic and oxidative substrate flux of cancer cells in a microplate,” PloS One, 2014 J. A. W. Heymann et al. “3D Imaging of mammalian cells with ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy,” J. Struct. Biol., 2009

Key biomarkers of mitochondrial activity:

• O2 consumption

• ROS production (H2O2)

• Membrane potential (ΔΨm)

Optical analysis Electrochemical analysis

Advantages

Analysis at the scale of single mitochondrion

Sensitivity

Diversity of probes

Selectivity

Kinetic and quantitative data

Drawbacks

Selectivity

Kinetic and quantitative data

Number of detectable species

Hardly applicable to single mitochondrion analysis

𝜏 =

𝜑

𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝜑

𝑖𝑛

= 0.9

Microwell arrays: design and manufacturing

Integrate ring nanoelectrode into microwell arrays is one solution to separate mitochondria one from each other and reach analysis at the single scale. Moreover, the geometrical structure of microwells provide the confinement of the emitted species, leading to the maximization of the collection ratio (τ). Built on glass substrates, the ElecWell device offers the coupling of two complementary techniques: electrochemistry and optics. Designed in order to ensure compatibility with a microscopic platform thermically regulated, the second generation of the ElecWell device provides a perfect coupling with microscopy and fluidics.

H1 (µm) T (µm) H2 (µm) R (µm)

2.5 0.2 2.5 1.5

Analysis of isolated mitochondria activities

Activators and inhibitors of the electron transport chain are added in a becher under magnetic agitation. The fluid is constantlty circulating within a closed circuit passing by the ElecWell microfluidic chamber thanks to a peristaltic pump. Fluorescence microscopy (ex: ΔΨm) and electrochemistry (ex: O2 consumption) can be performed simultaneously.

Variations of ΔΨm (single mitochondrion scale) Variations of O2 consumption (104 microwell network)

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