Measures for Energy Conservation in New Buildings: 1978

(1)

(2)

MEASURES FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION I N NEW BUILDINGS 1978 I s s u e d by t h e A s s o c i a t e Committee on t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l o f Canada 0 t tawa NRCC No. 16574 Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(3)

F i r s t E d i t i o n 1 9 78 ISSN 0704-2779

@

N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l o f Canada 1 9 7 8 World R i g h t s R e s e r v e d P r i n t e d i n Canada Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(4)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S p e c i a l Note

...

P r e f a c e

...

SECTION 1 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

...

S u b s e c t i o n 1.1 D e f i n i t i o n s of Words and P h r a s e s

...

S u b s e c t i o n 1 . 2 A b b r e v i a t i o n s of Names and A s s o c i a t i o n s

...

S u b s e c t i o n 1 . 3 A b b r e v i a t i o n s of Words and P h r a s e s

...

SECTION 2 GENERAL S u b s e c t i o n 2 . 1 A p p l i c a t i o n

...

S u b s e c t i o n 2.2 P l a n s and S p e c i f i c a t i o n s S u b s e c t i o n 2.3 A d m i n i s t r a t i o n

...

S u b s e c t i o n 2.4 Reference Documents

...

SECTION 3 ENCLOSURES FOR BUILDINGS WITH LOW ENERGY

REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING. FANS AND PUMPS

...

S u b s e c t i o n 3 . 1 Scope

...

S u b s e c t i o n 3.2 Thermal R e s i s t a n c e of Assemblies

...

S u b s e c t i o n 3 . 3 Glazing

S u b s e c t i o n 3.4 Doors and Windows

...

S u b s e c t i o n 3.5 I n f i l t r a t i o n

...

SECTION 4 ENCLOSURES FOR BUILDINGS WITH H I G H ENERGY

REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING. FANS AND PUMPS

...

S u b s e c t i o n 4 . 1 Scope

...

S u b s e c t i o n 4.2 Thermal R e s i s t a n c e of Assemblies

...

S u b s e c t i o n 4 . 3 G l a z i n g

...

S u b s e c t i o n 4 . 4 Doors

...

S u b s e c t i o n 4 . 5 I n f i l t r a t i o n

SECTION 5 HEATING. COOLING AND VENTILATING

...

S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 1 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 2 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 3 S u b s e c t i o n 5.4 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 5 S u b s e c t i o n 5.6 S u b s e c t i o n 5.7 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 8 S u b s e c t i o n 5.9 S u b s e c t i o n 5.10 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 1 1 S u b s e c t i o n 5.12 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 1 3 General

...

V e n t i l a t i o n

...

Energy f o r Fan O p e r a t i o n

...

Temperature C o n t r o l

...

Temperature C o n t r o l l e d Zones

...

Simultaneous H e a t i n g and Cooling

...

Cooling w i t h Outdoor Air

...

P i p e I n s u l a t i o n

...

Duct I n s u l a t i o n

...

Duct C o n s t r u c t i o n

...

Balancing

...

General Equipment Requirements

...

E l e c t r i c a l l y Operated U n i t a r y o r Packaged Equipment f o r A i r Cooling

...

(5)

Page S u b s e c t i o n 5.14 E l e c t r i c a l l y O p e r a t e d C o o l i n g System Components (Water C h i l l e r s and C o n d e n s e r s )

...

23 S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 1 5 Heat-Operated C o o l i n g Equipment

...

24 S u b s e c t i o n 5.16 Combustion Equipment f o r S p a c e H e a t i n g

...

26

...

S u b s e c t i o n 5.17 Heat Pumps f o r H e a t i n g 26

...

S u b s e c t i o n 5.18 H e a t Recovery Systems 27

...

SECTION 6 SERVICE WATER HEATING 29

S u b s e c t i o n 6 . 1 G e n e r a l

...

29

...

S u b s e c t i o n 6 . 2 P e r f o r m a n c e E f f i c i e n c y 29 S u b s e c t i o n 6 . 3 I n s u l a t i o n

...

29

...

S u b s e c t i o n 6 . 4 Swimming P o o l s 29

SECTION 7 ELECTRIC LIGHTING

...

3 1

S u b s e c t i o n 7 . 1 G e n e r a l

...

3 1

...

S u b s e c t i o n 7 . 2 L i g h t i n g S w i t c h i n g 3 1

S u b s e c t i o n 7 . 3 L i g h t i n g L e v e l s

...

3 1

Appendix A E x p l a n a t o r y M a t e r i a l f o r Measures f o r Energy

C o n s e r v a t i o n i n New B u i l d i n g s

...

3 3 Appendix B I m p e r i a l E q u i v a l e n t s o f M e t r i c V a l u e s

...

39 Appendix C I m p e r i a l E q u i v a l e n t s o f T a b u l a r V a l u e s

...

(6)

SPECIAL NOTE

As t h i s i s t h e f i r s t Canadian a t t e m p t a t p r e p a r i n g comprehensive

measures f o r e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n i n new b u i l d i n g s , i t i s t o b e e x p e c t e d t h a t

problems w i l l a r i s e d u r i n g t h e i n i t i a l s t a g e s of t h e i r a p p l i c a t i o n . These

problems c a n b e minimized through c a r e f u l p r e p l a n n i n g by t h o s e who wish t o

i n s t i t u t e t h e s e measures. To a s s i s t w i t h t h i s p r o c e s s a Commentary i s b e i n g

p r e p a r e d which w i l l h e l p t o c l a r i f y t h e more complex a r e a s by e x p l a i n i n g t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r development and how t h e y a r e i n t e n d e d t o be a p p l i e d .

The Committee r e s p o n s i b l e f o r d e v e l o p i n g t h e measures r e c o g n i z e s t h a t , when used i n a r e g u l a t o r y manner, t h e p r o v i s i o n s w i l l r e q u i r e a phasing- i n p e r i o d t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e n e c e s s a r y e n f o r c e m e n t mechanisms a r e i n p l a c e

b e f o r e a d o p t i o n . I n t h e c a s e of r e q u i r e m e n t s a f f e c t i n g h e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g

and a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g s y s tems and l i g h t ' i n g l o a d s , t h e a d o p t i o n a u t h o r i t y may need t o r e l y upon t h e stamp of a p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g i n e e r a s an a i d i n e s t a b l i s h -

i n g compliance. There may a l s o be a need t o e s t a b l i s h t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s f o r

enforcement o f f i c i a l s t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e y have a s u f f i c i e n t u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s which t h e y a r e t o a d m i n i s t e r .

The Committee i s aware t h a t c o n s e r v a t i o n of e n e r g y i n b u i l d i n g s

depends a s much upon o p e r a t i o n a s i t does upon d e s i g n . The Committee i s a l s o

aware t h a t , i n t h e s h o r t term, e n e r g y used i n e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s f a r e x c e e d s t h a t used i n new b u i l d i n g s t o which t h e s e measures a r e i n t e n d e d t o a p p l y . For t h e s e r e a s o n s , t h e Committee h a s begun s t u d i e s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e f a c t o r s

which c o n t r o l t h e u s e of e n e r g y i n b u i l d i n g s . These s t u d i e s w i l l be a s s i s t e d by i n p u t from r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f u s e r groups w i t h t h e o b j e c t o f d e v e l o p i n g r e a l i s t i c performance g u i d e l i n e s f o r v a r i o u s b u i l d i n g c a t e g o r i e s b a s e d on a n n u a l e n e r g y b u d g e t s . Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(7)

PREFACE

T h i s i s t h e f i r s t e d i t i o n of Measures f o r Energy C o n s e r v a t i o n

i n New B u i l d i n g s . I t h a s been developed by t h e S t a n d i n g Committee on

Energy C o n s e r v a t i o n i n B u i l d i n g s under t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e A s s o c i a t e

Committee on t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code. The document h a s been p r e p a r e d

u s i n g t h e American S o c i e t y of H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n g and Air-Condition- i n g E n g i n e e r s (ASHRAE) S t a n d a r d 90-75 a s a g u i d e , b u t c o n t a i n s m o d i f i c a -

t i o n s t o a d a p t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s t o Canadian c o n d i t i o n s . A d d i t i o n a l

m o d i f i c a t i o n s have been made a s a r e s u l t of p u b l i c comment on t h e d r a f t document.

The measures a r e i n t e n d e d t o p r o v i d e a b a s i s f o r improving t h e

e n e r g y u s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of new b u i l d i n g s . They a r e w e l l w i t h i n t h e

t e c h n i c a l c a p a b i l i t i e s o f t h e competent d e s i g n e r and a r e i n t e n d e d f o r u s e e i t h e r a s a g u i d e o r a s t h e b a s i s f o r r e g u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e

d e s i g n of new b u i l d i n g s . The measures have been developed s o t h a t com-

p l i a n c e w i t h them i s d e t e r m i n a b l e a t t h e d e s i g n s t a g e through e v a l u a t i o n s

and a n a l y s i s of d e s i g n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , drawings and c a l c u l a t i o n s . They

a r e e s s e n t i a l l y p r e s c r i p t i v e i n n a t u r e , b u t some f l e x i b i l i t y i n t h e i r

a p p l i c a t i o n h a s been i n t r o d u c e d through t h e i n c l u s i o n of t r a d e - o f f pro-

v i s i o n s s u c h a s a r t i c l e s 2 . 1 . 6 . , 3 . 2 . 4 . and 4 . 2 . 4 . , which p e r m i t d e v i a t i o n s

from c e r t a i n r e q u i r e m e n t s .

Wherever a p p r o p r i a t e , t h e document makes r e f e r e n c e t o e x i s t -

i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code. The u s e r i s d i r e c t e d t o

t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code f o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on occupancy c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s which a r e used t o d i f f e r e n t i a t e between b u i l d i n g u s e s .

I t w i l l b e n o t e d t h a t t h e measures d e a l i n g w i t h combustion equipment i n t h i s document a r e r e l a t i v e l y b r i e f and do n o t c o v e r a number

of a s p e c t s which may have s i g n i f i c a n t e n e r g y s a v i n g s p o t e n t i a l . A t a s k

group h a s been e s t a b l i s h e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e what f u t u r e c o u r s e o f a c t i o n is

n e c e s s a r y t o develop such measures. T h i s group i n c l u d e s members from t h e

Canadian S t a n d a r d s A s s o c i a t i o n , t h e Canadian Gas A s s o c i a t i o n , i n d u s t r y

and combustion r e s e a r c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t s as w e l l a s members who a s s i s t e d i n

t h e development of t h i s document. I t i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t , a s a r e s u l t of t h i s g r o u p ' s a c t i v i t y , changes w i l l b e i n i t i a t e d t o improve t h e c u r r e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s g o v e r n i n g combus t i o n equipment

.

I t s h o u l d a l s o b e n o t e d t h a t measures f o r t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f c o o l i n g equipment a r e based on t h e v a l u e s t h a t a p p e a r i n S t a n d a r d 90-75, p u b l i s h e d by t h e American S o c i e t y of H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n g and A i r - C o n d i t i o n i n g E n g i n e e r s f o r t h e p e r i o d up t o J a n u a r y 1, 1980. These v a l u e s i n ASHRAE 90-75 a r e t o b e i n c r e a s e d a f t e r t h a t d a t e , and i t i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h e s e i n c r e a s e s w i l l b e r e f l e c t e d i n f u t u r e e d i t i o n s of t h i s document.

The m e t r i c v a l u e s used t h r o u g h o u t t h e document a r e b a s e d on t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l System of U n i t s ( S I ) c o n t a i n e d i n "The Canadian

M e t r i c P r a c t i c e Guide,

"

CAN3-2234.1-76, p r e p a r e d by t h e Canadian S tand-

a r d s A s s o c i a t i o n and i s s u e d a s a N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d of Canada. The

(8)

e q u i v a l e n t i m p e r i a l v a l u e s a r e shown i n Appendix B of t h e document. They a r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e c o n v e r s i o n f a c t o r s found i n t h e M e t r i c P r a c t i c e Guide.

The A s s o c i a t e Commit t e e w i s h e s t o acknowledge t h e a s s i s t a n c e p r o v i d e d by t h e many i n d i v i d u a l s who h a v e c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n

o f t h i s e d i t i o n and t o e x p r e s s i t s a p p r e c i a t i o n t o t h e S t a n d a r d s W r i t i n g

O r g a n i z a t i o n s whose s t a n d a r d s a r e r e f e r e n c e d i n t h i s document. I n p a r -

t i c u l a r , t h e A s s o c i a t e Committee i s i n d e b t e d t o t h e American S o c i e t y o f

H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n g and Air-Condi t i o n i n g E n g i n e e r s f o r p e r m i s s i o n t o

u s e m a t e r i a l from t h e i r ASHRAE S t a n d a r d 90-75 i n d e v e l o p i n g t h i s document.

Comments on t h i s document a r e welcomed and w i l l b e t h e b a s i s

f o r t h e improvement o f t h e n e x t e d i t i o n . I t i s i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e f u r t h e r

development o f t h e s e m e a s u r e s t h a t problems e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e i r a p p l i c a - t i o n s h o u l d b e b r o u g h t t o t h e a t t e n t i o n of t h e A s s o c i a t e Committee on t h e

N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code. They s h o u l d b e d i r e c t e d t o : The S e c r e t a r y , The

A s s o c i a t e Committee on t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code, N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h

C o u n c i l of Canada, O t t a w a , O n t a r i o K I A OR6.

Ce Document e s t d i s p o n i b l e en f r a n s a i s . On p e u t s e l e p r o c u r e r

e n s ' a d d r e s s a n t au S e c r z t a i r e , Comit6 a s s o c i g du Code n a t i o n a l du b s t i -

ment, C o n s e i l n a t i o n a l d e r e c h e r c h e s du Canada, O t t a w a , O n t a r i o K l A OR6.

(9)

SECTION 1 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SUBSECTION 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND PHRASES

1.1.1. Words and p h r a s e s used i n t h e s e Measures t h a t a r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h e l i s t of d e f i n i t i o n s i n t h i s S e c t i o n s h a l l have t h e meanings common- l y a s s i g n e d t o them i n t h e c o n t e x t i n which t h e y a r e used i n t h e s e Measures t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e s p e c i a l i z e d u s e of t e r m s by t h e v a r i o u s t r a d e s and

p r o f e s s i o n s t o which t h e t e r m i n o l o g y a p p l i e s . (The ASHRAE Handbook of

Fundamentals 1977, C h a p t e r 33 c o n t a i n s a l i s t of terms c o m o n t o h e a t i n g ,

c o o l i n g and v e n t i l a t i n g systems and i s a u s e f u l s o u r c e of i n f o r m a t i o n i n

t h i s f i e l d . )

1 . 1 . 2 . The words and t e r m s t h a t a r e i t a l i c i z e d i n t h e s e Measures s h a l l

have t h e f o l l o w i n g meanings :

~ p p r o v e d means approved by t h e a u t h o r i t y h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n . A u t h o r i t y h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n means

( a ) w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p r o c l a m a t i o n and amendment of t h e s e Measures, t h e a d o p t i n g governmental body, o r

( b ) w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of t h e s e Measures, t h e p e r s o n ( d e s i g n a t e d o f f i c i a l ) appoin ted by t h e a d o p t i n g govern- m e n t a l body and any p e r s o n a u t h o r i z e d by him t o a d m i n i s t e r t h e s e Measures.

~ u i l d i n g means any s t r u c t u r e used o r i n t e n d e d f o r s u p p o r t i n g o r s h e l t e r i n g

any u s e o r o c c u p a n c y .

~ u s i n e s s a n d p e r s o n a l services o c c u p a n c y means t h e o c c u p a n c y o r u s e of

a b u i l d i n g o r p a r t t h e r e o f f o r t h e t r a n s a c t i o n o f b u s i n e s s o r t h e

r e n d e r i n g o r r e c e i v i n g of p r o f e s s i o n a l o r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s .

C l o s u r e means a d e v i c e f o r s h u t t i n g o f f an o p e n i n g t h r o u g h a c o n s t r u c t i o n

assembly, such a s a door o r a s h u t t e r , and i n c l u d e s a l l components such a s hardware, c l o s i n g d e v i c e s , frames and a n c h o r s .

c o m b u s t i b l e ( a s a p p l y i n g t o an e l e m e n t a r y b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l ) means t h a t

such m a t e r i a l . f a i l s t o conf o m t o ULC-S114-1975, " S t a n d a r d Method

of T e s t f o r D e t e r m i n a t i o n of Non-Combustibility i n B u i l d i n g

M a t e r i a l s . I t

C o m b u s t i b l e C o n s t r u c t i o n means t h a t t y p e of c o n s t r u c t i o n t h a t d o e s n o t

meet t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r n o n c o m b u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n .

Dual d u c t s y s t e m means an a i r - h a n d l i n g s y s t e m i n which a i r s u p p l i e d by

s e p a r a t e h o t and c o l d a i r d u c t s i s mixed a t t e r m i n a l s t o meet t h e r m o s t a t i c demand. Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(10)

a ~ e l l i n g

u n i t

means a room o r s u i t e of rooms o p e r a t e d a s a housekeeping

u n i t , used o r i n t e n d e d t o b e used a s a d o m i c i l e by 1 o r more

p e r s o n s and u s u a l l y c o n t a i n i n g cooking, e a t i n g , l i v i n g , s l e e p i n g and s a n i t a r y f a c i l i t i e s .

Floor surface area

means t h e a r e a of t h e f l o o r s u r f a c e measured from t h e

i n t e r i o r s u r f a c e o f t h e p e r i m e t e r w a l l s a t o r n e a r f l o o r l e v e l , e x c l u d i n g any openings through t h e f l o o r , b u t i n c l u d i n g t h e a r e a o c c u p i e d by columns and i n t e r i o r w a l l s .

I n s t i t u t i o n a l occupancy

means t h e

occupancy

o r u s e of a

building

o r p a r t

t h e r e o f by p e r s o n s who a r e i n v o l u n t a r i l y d e t a i n e d , o r d e t a i n e d

f o r p e n a l o r c o r r e c t i o n a l p u r p o s e s , o r whose l i b e r t y i s r e s t r i c t e d ,

o r r e q u i r e s p e c i a l c a r e o r t r e a t m e n t b e c a u s e o f a g e , m e n t a l o r p h y s i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s .

Major occupancy

means t h e p r i n c i p a l

occupancy

f o r which a

building

o r

p a r t t h e r e o f i s used o r i n t e n d e d t o b e used and s h a l l b e deemed

t o i n c l u d e t h e s u b s i d i a r y

occupancies

which a r e an i n t e g r a l p a r t

of t h e p r i n c i p a l

occupancy.

Mercantile occupancy

means t h e

occupancy

o r use o f a

building

o r p a r t

t h e r e o f f o r t h e d i s p l a y i n g o r s e l l i n g of r e t a i l goods, wares o r merchandise.

Noncombus t i b le

( a s a p p l y i n g t o an e l e m e n t a r y

b u i Zding

m a t e r i a l ) means

t h a t s u c h m a t e r i a l conforms t o ULC-S114-19 75, "Standard Method

o f T e s t f o r D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f Non-Combus t i b i l i t y i n B u i l d i n g

M a t e r i a l s . I'

Noncombustible construction

means t h a t t y p e of c o n s t r u c t i o n i n which a

d e g r e e o f f i r e s a f e t y i s a t t a i n e d by t h e u s e o f

noncombustible

m a t e r i a l s f o r s t r u c t u r a l members and o t h e r

b u i l d i n g

a s s e m b l i e s .

Occupancy

means t h e u s e o r i n t e n d e d u s e of a

building

o r p a r t t h e r e o f f o r t h e s h e l t e r o r s u p p o r t o f p e r s o n s , a n i m a l s o r p r o p e r t y .

Owner

means any p e r s o n , f i r m o r c o r p o r a t i o n c o n t r o l l i n g t h e p r o p e r t y under c o n s i d e r a t i o n .

Permit

means p e r m i s s i o n o r a u t h o r i z a t i o n i n w r i t i n g by t h e

a u t h o r i t y

having j u r i s d i c t i o n

t o p e r f o r m work r e g u l a t e d by t h e s e Measures.

Reheat

means t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of s e n s i b l e h e a t t o s u p p l y a i r t h a t h a s been p r e v i o u s l y c o o l e d below t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f t h e c o n d i t i o n e d s p a c e by e i t h e r mechanical r e f r i g e r a t i o n o r t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of o u t d o o r a i r t o p r o v i d e c o o l i n g . Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(11)

Residential occupancy

means t h e

occupancy

o r u s e o f a

b u i l d i n g

o r p a r t

t h e r e o f by p e r s o n s f o r whom s l e e p i n g accommodation i s p r o v i d e d

b u t who a r e n o t harboured o r d e t a i n e d t o r e c e i v e m e d i c a l c a r e o r t r e a t m e n t o r who a r e n o t i n v o l u n t a r i l y d e t a i n e d .

Service water heater

means a d e v i c e f o r h e a t i n g w a t e r f o r plumbing

s e r v i c e s .

Storey

means t h a t p o r t i o n of a

buizding

which i s s i t u a t e d between t h e

t o p of any f l o o r and t h e t o p of t h e f l o o r n e x t above i t , and i f

t h e r e i s no f l o o r above i t , t h a t p o r t i o n between t h e t o p of such

f l o o r and t h e c e i l i n g above i t .

SUBSECTION 1 . 2 ABBREVIATIONS OF NAMES AND ASSOCIATIONS

1 . 2 . 1 . The a b b r e v i a t i o n s i n t h e s e Measures f o r t h e names and a s s o c i a - ,

t i o n s s h a l l have t h e meaning a s s i g n e d t o them i n t h i s S u b s e c t i o n .

ACNBC

-

A s s o c i a t e Committee on t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code

( N a t i o n a l Research Council of Canada Ottawa, O n t a r i o K I A OR6)

A R I

- A i r

C o n d i t i o n i n g & Ref r i g e r a t i o n I n s t i t u t e

(1815 North F o r t Myer Drive A r l i n g t o n , V i r g i n i a 22209 U.S.A.)

ASHRAE

- American S o c i e t y of H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n g and

Air-Condi t i o n i n g E n g i n e e r s (345 E a s t 4 7 t h S t r e e t

New York, New York 10017 U.S.A.)

ASTM

-

American S o c i e t y f o r T e s t i n g and M a t e r i a l s

(1916 Race S t r e e t

P h i l a d e l p h i a , Pa. 19 1 0 3 U. S

.

A. )

CGA

-

Canadian Gas A s s o c i a t i o n

(55 S c a r s d a l e Road Don M i l l s , O n t a r i o M3B 2R3) CSA

-

Canadian S t a n d a r d s A s s o c i a t i o n (178 Rexdale Blvd. Rexdale, O n t a r i o M9W 1R3) H I

- Hydronics I n s

t i t u t e (35 Rusco P l a c e

Berkeley H e i g h t s , New J e r s e y 07922 U. S .A. )

HRA

-

H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n g and A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g I n s t i t u t e

o f Canada

( S u i t e 267, 385 The West Mall

Etobicoke

,

(12)

IES

-

I l l u m i n a t i n g E n g i n e e r i n g S o c i e t y (345 E a s t 4 7 t h S t r e e t

New York, New York 10017 U.S.A.) NBC

- N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g Code of Canada

( N a t i o n a l Research Council o f Canada

Ottawa, O n t a r i o K I A OR6)

SMACNA

-

S h e e t Metal and A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g C o n t r a c t o r s

N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n I n c

.

(1611 North Kent S t r e e t , S u i t e 200 A r l i n g t o n , Va. 22209 U.S.A.)

ULC

- ~ n d e r w r i

ters' L a b o r a t o r i e s o f Canada (7 Crouse Road

Scarborough, O n t a r i o M1R 3A9)

SUBSECTION 1 . 3 ABBREVIATIONS OF WORDS

AM>

PHRASES

1 . 3 . 1 . The a b b r e v i a t i o n s o f words and p h r a s e s i n t h e s e Measures s h a l l

have t h e meanings a s s i g n e d t o them i n t h i s S u b s e c t i o n .

O C

...

d e g r e e ( s ) C e l s i u s i n .

...

c u b i c centime t r e ( s ) c u b i c d e c i m e t r e ( s ) i n c h ( e s ) j o u l e ( s ) k i l o k i l o g r a m ( s ) m e t r e ( s ) s q u a r e metre ( s ) c u b i c metre ( s ) m i l l i m e t r e ( s ) p a s c a l ( s ) t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e second ( s ) w a t t ( s ) Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(13)

SECTION 2 GENERAL

SUBSECTION 2 . 1 APPLICATION

2 . 1 . 1 . These Measures a p p l y t o t h e d e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t i o n of b u i l d i n g s

whereby e n e r g y u s e i s t o be l i m i t e d . 2.1.2. Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e s 2.1.3. t o 2 . 1 . 5 . , t h e s e Measures a p p l y t o b u i l d i n g s a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e s c o p e o f e a c h o f t h e S e c t i o n s h e r e i n . 2 . 1 . 3 . These Measures do n o t a p p l y t o c o t t a g e s o r s i m i l a r b u i l d i n g s t h a t a r e n o t i n t e n d e d t o be h e a t e d on a c o n t i n u i n g b a s i s d u r i n g w i n t e r months, o r t o farm b u i l d i n g s o t h e r t h a n a d w e l l i n g u n i t . 2 . 1 . 4 . These Measures d o n o t a p p l y t o b u i l d i n g s t h a t a r e n o t h e a t e d o r c o o l e d , o r t o b u i l d i n g s f o r which t h e maximum d e s i g n r a t e o f e n e r g y u s e f o r o t h e r t h a n m a n u f a c t u r i n g o r p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s i s l e s s t h a n 1 0 W/m 2 of f l o o r s u r f a c e a r e a . (Normally, u n h e a t e d w a r e h o u s e s , g a r a g e s o r s h e d s would b e e x c l u d e d . )

2 . 1 . 5 . The a u t h o r i t y h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n may exempt c e r t a i n b u i l d i n g s from

some r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e s e Measures where i t can b e shown t h a t t h e n a t u r e

of t h e o c c u p a n c y makes i t i m p r a c t i c a l t o a p p l y t h o s e r e q u i r e m e n t s .

2 . l . 6 . The a u t h o r i t y h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n may p e r m i t d e v i a t i o n s from a n y

r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e s e Measures where i t can be shown t h a t t h e d e v i a t i o n s

w i l l r e s u l t i n e n e r g y u s e t h a t i s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n would r e s u l t by f o l l o w -

i n g t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e s e Measures.

SUBSECTION 2.2 PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

2 . 2 . 1 . Upon t h e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a p e r m i t , t h e o w n e r s h a l l s u b m i t a l l p l a n s , s p e c i f i c a t i o n s and c a l c u l a t i o n s t o show i n s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l a l l r e l e v a n t d a t a and f e a t u r e s of t h e b u i l d i n g , i n c l u d i n g i t s s y s t e m s , n e c e s s a r y t o d e t e r m i n e conformance w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e s e Measures. 2 . 2 . 2 . C a l c u l a t i o n s f o r t h e d e s i g n of h e a t i n g and c o o l i n g s y s t e m s , i n c l u d - i n g t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of h e a t l o s s e s and g a i n s , and t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of b u i l d i n g a s s e m b l i e s s h a l l b e made i n conformance w i t h good e n g i n e e r i n g p r a c t i c e .

(The p r o c e d u r e s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e ASHRAE Handbooks, t h e HRA D i g e s t and t h e H I Manuals a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e good e n g i n e e r i n g p r a c t i c e . SUBSECTION 2 . 3 ADMINISTRATION 2.3.1. ( R e s e r v e d : t h i s S u b s e c t i o n i s i n t e n d e d t o b e completed by t h e a d o p t i n g a u t h o r i t y . ) Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(14)

SUBSECTION 2.4 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

2 . 4 . 1 . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e s e Y e a s u r e s , t h e documents r e -

f e r r e d t o s h a l l b e t h o s e c u r r e n t a s of J a n u a r y 1, 1978 t o g e t h e r w i t h a l l

amendments, r e v i s i o n s and s u p p l e m e n t s e f f e c t i v e t o t h a t d a t e .

2.4.2. I n t h e c a s e o f c o n f l i c t between t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e s e Measures

and t h o s e o f a r e f e r e n c e d document, r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e s e Measures s h a l l

g o v e r n , e x c e p t t h a t where t h e r e i s a c o n f l i c t between t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e s e Measures and t h e NBC 1 9 7 7 , t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h e NBC 1977 s h a l l g o v e r n . 2 . 4 . 3 . The m a t e r i a l s f o r , a n d t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t h e r m a l i n s u l a t i o n and v a p o u r b a r r i e r p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l conform t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e q u i r e - ments i n S u b s e c t i o n s 4 . 8 and 9.26 o f t h e NBC 1977. 2.4.4. Where i n s u l a t i o n i s i n s t a l l e d i n a b u i l d i n g r e q u i r e d t o b e o f

noncombus t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e i n s u l a t i o n and any c o m b u s t i b l e material a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e i n s u l a t i o n s h a l l conform t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n A r t i c l e 3 . 1 . 4 . 5 . o f t h e NBC 1977. 2 . 4 . 5 . Foamed p l a s t i c t h e r m a l i n s u l a t i o n s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d i n conformance w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n A r t i c l e s 3.1.11.2. and 9 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 . o f t h e NBC 1977. 2 . 4 . 6 . Foamed p l a s t i c t h e r m a l i n s u l a t i o n f o r plenums a n d o t h e r p a r t s o f d u c t s y s t e m s s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d i n conformance w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n

A r t i c l e 2.4.6. o f t h e Canadian H e a t i n g , V e n t i l a t i n g and Air-Condi t i o n i n g

C0d.e 1977.

2 . 4 . 7 The o u t d o o r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e and d e g r e e day v a l u e s s p e c i f i e d

i n t h e s e Measures s h a l l b e t h o s e d e t e r m i n e d from NBC Supplement No. 1,

(15)

SECTION 3 ENCLOSURES FOR BUILDINGS W I T H LOW ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING, FANS AND PUMPS

SUBSECTION 3 . 1 SCOPE

3.1.1. Except a s provided i n A r t i c l e 3 . 1 . 2 . , t h i s S e c t i o n s h a l l a p p l y

t o

buildings

of a l l

occupancy

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s .

(Normally, h o u s e s , low r i s e a p a r t m e n t

b u i ldings

,

n u r s i n g homes, m o t e l s

and h e a t e d warehouses f a l l w i t h i n t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of t h i s S e c t i o n . )

3.1.2. Where t h e

m n e r

can demonstrate t h a t t h e t o t a l l o a d of a l l w i r e d - i n

i n t e r i o r l i g h t i n g , p l u s t h e t o t a l raied power of a l l f a n s and w a t e r pumps,

e x c l u d i n g s t a n d b y equipment, exceeds a n a v e r a g e of 25 w/m2 of

p o o r surface

area

i n t h o s e p a r t s o f t h e

building

t h a t a r e h e a t e d o r c o o l e d , t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t s i n S e c t i o n 4 may b e used i n l i e u of t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h i s S e c t i o n .

SUBSECTION 3.2 THERMAL RESISTANCE OF ASSEMBLIES

3.2.1. Except a s provided i n A r t i c l e s 3.2.2. t o 3 . 2 . 7 . , and e x c e p t f o r

d o o r s , windows, s k y l i g h t s and o t h e r

closures

,

t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of

each

building

assembly through any p o r t i o n t h a t does n o t i n c l u d e framing

o r f u r r i n g s h a l l conform t o Table 3.2.A. (See Appendix A f o r g r a p h i c a l

i l l u s t r a t i o n of thermal r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s . )

3.2.2. Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e 3 . 2 . 3 . , t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of

t h e i n s u l a t e d p o r t i o n of a

building

assembly i n c o r p o r a t i n g m e t a l framing

e l e m e n t s , such a s s t e e l s t u d s and s t e e l j o i s t s , t h a t a c t a s t h e r m a l

b r i d g e s t o f a c i l i t a t e h e a t flow through t h e assembly, s h a l l b e 20 p e r c e n t

g r e a t e r t h a n t h e v a l u e s shown i n Table 3.2.A. u n l e s s i t can b e shown t h a t

t h e h e a t flow i s n o t g r e a t e r t h a n t h e h e a t flow through a wood frame assembly of t h e same t h i c k n e s s .

3.2.3. A r t i c l e 3.2.2. f o r

building

a s s e m b l i e s i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e r m a l

b r i d g e s does n o t a p p l y where t h e t h e r m a l b r i d g e s a r e i n s u l a t e d t o r e s t r i c t h e a t flow through t h e thermal b r i d g e s by a m a t e r i a l p r o v i d i n g a thermal r e s i s t a n c e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o 25 p e r c e n t of t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e i n s u l a t e d p o r t i o n o f t h e assembly i n A r t i c l e 3.2.1.

3.2.4. The thermal r e s i s t a n c e o f a

building

assembly may b e reduced by

n o t more than 20 p e r c e n t from t h a t r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e s 3.2.1. and 3.2.2.,

and t h e amount of g l a z i n g may b e i n c r e a s e d t o more t h a n t h a t p e r m i t t e d i n A r t i c l e 3.3.4., where i t can b e shown t h a t t h e t o t a l c a l c u l a t e d h e a t l o s s

from t h e

building

e n c l o s u r e does n o t exceed t h e h e a t l o s s t h a t would

r e s u l t i f t h e e n c l o s u r e were c o n s t r u c t e d i n conformance w i t h t h e minimum

thermal r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n A r t i c l e s 3.2.1. and 3.2.2. and w i t h t h e

maximum amount of g l a z i n g p e r m i t t e d i n A r t i c l e 3.3.4., p r o v i d e d no allowance i s made f o r s o l a r h e a t g a i n s o r f o r t h e o r i e n t a t i o n o f t h e g l a z i n g a s d e s c r i b e d i n A r t i c l e 3.3.6. Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(16)

8 T a b l e 3.2.A. Forming p a r t o f A r t i c l e 3.2.1. Notes t o T a b l e 3.2.A.: M I N I M U M THERMAL B u i l d i n g Assembly

Wall a s s e m b l i e s above ground l e v e l ( o t h e r t h a n f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s ) s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e o u t s i d e a i r Foundation w a l l a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e , o u t s i d e a i r o r a d j a c e n t e a r t h (2) Roof o r c e i l i n g a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r ( a ) i f

combustib

Ze

cons t r u c t i o n

i s p e r m i t t e d ( b ) i f

noncombustib

Ze

construction

i s r e q u i r e d F l o o r a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r ( a ) i f

combus t i b

Ze

cons t r u c t i o n

i s p e r m i t t e d

(b ) i f

noncombus t i b

Ze

cons true t i o n

i s r e q u i r e d P e r i m e t e r s of slab-on-ground f l o o r s t h a t a r e less t h a n 600 mm below a d j a c e n t ground l e v e l ( i n s u l a t i o n o n l y ) ( a ) s l a b s where h e a t i n g d u c t s , p i p e s o r r e s i s t a n c e w i r i n g a r e embedded i n o r b e n e a t h t h e s l a b s ( b ) s l a b s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n ( a ) column 1

(1) Where t h e number of d e g r e e days f o r a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a i s d i f f e r e n t from t h o s e

l i s t e d , i n t e r p o l a t i o n between v a l u e s shown i n t h e T a b l e may b e made t o o b t a i n t h e minimum r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s f o r t h a t a r e a .

(2) Every f o u n d a t i o n w a l l f a c e h a v i n g more t h a n 50 p e r c e n t of i t s a r e a exposed

t o o u t s i d e a i r and t h o s e p a r t s of f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s of wood-frame c o n s t r u c t i o n above e x t e r i o r ground l e v e l s h a l l have a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e conforming t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r w a l l a s s e m b l i e s above ground l e v e l . RESISTANCE (R VALUE), m2 O C/W Maximum up t o 3 500 2.5 1 . 6 4.7 2.5 4.7 2.5 1 . 3 0 . 8 2 Number o f 5 000 3.0 1 . 6 5 . 6 3.0 4 . 7 3.0 1 . 7 1 . 3 3 C e l s i u s 6 500 3.4 1 . 6 6 . 4 3.4 4 . 7 3.4 2 . 1 1 . 7

I

(17)

3.2.5. \"!here t h e i n d o o r w i n t e r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e i s less t h a n 18OC, t h e minimum t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e R1 s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d i n conformance w i t h t h e f o r m u l a , where t . i s t h e i n d o o r w i n t e r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e (OC), 1 to i s t h e o u t d o o r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e b a s e d on t h e 23i p e r c e n t v a l u e f o r J a n u a r y (OC)

,

and R i s t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 3.2.1. o r 3.2.2. ( m 2 * ~ c / w ) . 3.2.6. The t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s i n A r t i c l e 3.2.1. and 3.2.2. f o r r o o f o r c e i l i n g a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r may b e reduced n e a r t h e e a v e s t o t h e e x t e n t made n e c e s s a r y by t h e r o o f s l o p e and r e q u i r e d v e n t i l a t i o n c l e a r a n c e s , e x c e p t t h a t t h e

t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e a t t h e l o c a t i o n d i r e c t l y above t h e i n n e r s u r f a c e o f t h e e x t e r i o r w a l l s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 2 . 1 m 2 * O c / w .

3.2.7. The t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 3.2.1. may b e

reduced t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e e f f e c t of t h e r m a l i n e r t i a r e s u l t i n g

from t h e mass of t h e

building

i n conformance w i t h B u i l d i n g Research Note

No. 1 2 6 , p u b l i s h e d by t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l Research C o u n c i l of Canada, J a n u a r y 19 78.

3.2.8. I n s u l a t i o n a p p l i e d t o t h e e x t e r i o r o f a f o u n d a t i o n w a l l o r s l a b -

on-ground f l o o r s h a l l e x t e n d down a t l e a s t 600 mm below t h e a d j a c e n t

e x t e r i o r ground l e v e l o r s h a l l e x t e n d down and outward from t h e f l o o r

o r w a l l f o r a t o t a l d i s t a n c e of a t l e a s t 600

m

measured from t h e a d j a c e n t

f i n i s h e d ground l e v e l .

3.2.9. I n s u l a t i o n a p p l i e d t o t h e i n t e r i o r o f a f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s h a l l

e x t e n d from t h e u n d e r s i d e of t h e f l o o r i n g above s u c h w a l l s , down t o a t l e a s t 600 mm below t h e e x t e r i o r a d j a c e n t ground l e v e l , e x c e p t as r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 9.26.5.6. of t h e NBC 1977. SUBSECTION 3 . 3 GLAZING 3.3.1. Except as p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e s 3 . 3 . 2 . , 3.3.3 and 3 . 3 . 5 . , a l l g l a z i n g t h a t s e p a r a t e s h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r s h a l l have a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f a t l e a s t 0.30 m 2 * O c / ~ . (Double g l a z i n g w i t h a t l e a s t a 6-mm a i r s p a c e , o r s i n g l e g l a z i n g w i t h a s t o r m s a s h i s c o n s i d e r e d t o p r o v i d e t h e r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e .)

3.3.2. Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e s 3.3.3. and 3 . 3 . 5 . , where a

building

i s l o c a t e d i n a c l i m a t e a r e a where t h e number of C e l s i u s d e g r e e days

e x c e e d s 6 5 0 0 , a l l windows and s k y l i g h t s s h a l l have a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e

of a t l e a s t 0.45 m 2 * O C / W . ( T r i p l e g l a z i n g w i t h a t l e a s t 6-mm a i r s p a c e s , o r double g l a z i n g w i t h a t l e a s t 6-mm a i r s p a c e and w i t h a s t o r m s a s h i s c o n s i d e r e d t o p r o v i d e t h e r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e . ) Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(18)

3 . 3 . 3 . Where an e n c l o s e d unheated s p a c e , s u c h a s a s u n p o r c h , e n c l o s e d verandah o r v e s t i b u l e , i s s e p a r a t e d from a h e a t e d s p a c e by g l a z i n g , t h e unheated e n c l o s u r e may b e c o n s i d e r e d t o p r o v i d e a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e o f 0.16 m 2 * 0 C / W , o r t h e e q u i v a l e n t o f one l a y e r o f g l a z i n g . 3 . 3 . 4 . Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e s 3 . 3 . 5 . and 3 . 3 . 6 . , t h e t o t a l a r e a of g l a z i n g , i n c l u d i n g g l a z i n g f o r d o o r s and s k y l i g h t s , t h a t s e p a r a t e s h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 1 5 p e r

c e n t of t h e

floor surface area

of t h e

s t o r e y

s e r v e d by t h e g l a z e d a r e a s

and s h a l l n o t exceed 40 p e r c e n t of t h e t o t a l a r e a of t h e w a l l s o f t h a t

storey

s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r . ( I n t h e c a s e o f a s l o p i n g w a l l , t h e a r e a of t h e opaque p o r t i o n of t h e w a l l i s c a l c u l a t e d a s i t s p r o j e c t e d a r e a on a v e r t i c a l p l a n e . ) 3 . 3 . 5 . Where t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of g l a z i n g i s d i f f e r e n t from t h a t r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e s 3.3.1. and 3.3.2.

,

t h e a r e a of s u c h g l a z i n g f o r t h e p u r p o s e of a p p l y i n g A r t i c l e 3 . 3 . 4 . may be assumed a s b e i n g e q u a l t o t h e a c t u a l a r e a m u l t i p l i e d by t h e r a t i o of t h e r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e d i v i d e d by t h e a c t u a l t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of t h e g l a z i n g ( s e e Appendix A). 3 . 3 . 6 . Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e 3 . 3 . 7 . , t h e a r e a of g l a z i n g t h a t con- t a i n s c l e a r g l a s s o r t h a t h a s a s h a d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t of more t h a n 0.70 t h a t i s unshaded i n t h e w i n t e r and f a c e s a d i r e c t i o n w i t h i n 45"of due South may b e assumed t o b e 50 p e r c e n t of i t s unshaded a r e a i n c a l c u l a t i n g t h e maxi-

mum a r e a of g l a z i n g i n A r t i c l e s 3 . 3 . 4 . and 3 . 3 . 5 . p r o v i d e d t h e b u i l d i n g i s

d e s i g n e d w i t h a s y s t e m t h a t i s c a p a b l e of d i s t r i b u t i n g t h e s o l a r h e a t g a i n

from s u c h g l a z e d a r e a s t h r o u g h o u t t h e b u i l d i n g . ( F o r t h e p u r p o s e of d e t e r -

mining whether o r n o t t h e g l a z i n g i s shaded i n t h e w i n t e r , t h e s h a d i n g

s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e noon sun a n g l e s of December 21.)

3.3.7. A r t i c l e 3 . 3 . 6 . s h a l l n o t a p p l y where t h e

b u i l d i n g

i s d e s i g n e d

t o b e c o o l e d u n l e s s t h e g l a z i n g d e s c r i b e d i n 3.3.6. i s s h a d e d i n t h e

summer w i t h e x t e r i o r d e v i c e s . (For t h e p u r p o s e of d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r

o r n o t t h e g l a z i n g i s shaded i n t h e summer, t h e s h a d i n g s h a l l b e

c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e noon s u n a n g l e s of J u n e 2 1 . )

SUBSECTION 3.4 DOORS AND WINDOWS

3.4.1. A i r c u r t a i n s s h a l l n o t b e used i n p l a c e of e x t e r i o r d o o r s .

3 . 4 . 2 . Except f o r d o o r s used p r i m a r i l y t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e movement of

v e h i c l e s o r h a n d l i n g of m a t e r i a l , i n f i l t r a t i o n around d o o r s s h a l l conform t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n S u b s e c t i o n 3 . 5 .

3.4.3. Except f o r d o o r s on e n c l o s e d unheated v e s t i b u l e s and e x c e p t f o r

g l a z e d p o r t i o n s of d o o r s , a l l d o o r s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from t h e o u t s i d e s h a l l have a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e of a t l e a s t 0 . 7 m 2 * O C / w where a

s t o r m door i s n o t p r o v i d e d .

3.4.4. Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e 3 . 5 . 1 . , windows s h a l l conform t o t h e

(19)

SUBSECTION 3.5 INFILTRATION

3.5.1. Windows s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e

e x t e r i o r s h a l l b e designed t o l i m i t t h e r a t e o f a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n t o n o t more than 0.775 dm3/s f o r each metre of s a s h c r a c k when t e s t e d a t a

p r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l of 75 Pa i n conformance w i t h ASTM E283-73, " s t a n d a r d Method of T e s t f o r Rate of Air Leakage through E x t e r i o r Windows, C u r t a i n Walls and Doors."

3.5.2. Manually o p e r a t e d e x t e r i o r s l i d i n g g l a s s d o o r a s s e m b l i e s t h a t

s e p a r a t e h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r s h a l l b e designed t o l i m i t a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n t o n o t more t h a n 2.5 dm3/s f o r e a c h s q u a r e metre of door a r e a when t e s t e d i n conformance w i t h A r t i c l e 3.5.1.

3.5.3. Except where t h e door i s w e a t h e r - s t r i p p e d on a l l edges and

p r o t e c t e d w i t h a s t o r m door o r by an e n c l o s e d unheated s p a c e , e x t e r i o r swing type door a s s e m b l i e s f o r &ezZing u n i t s , i n d i v i d u a l l y r e n t e d h o t e l and motel rooms and s u i t e s s h a l l b e designed t o l i m i t t h e r a t e o f a i r

i n f i l t r a t i o n t o n o t more t h a n 6.35 dm3/s f o r each s q u a r e metre of door

a r e a when t e s t e d i n conformance w i t h A r t i c l e 3.5.1.

3.5.4. Door a s s e m b l i e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n A r t i c l e s 3.5.2.

and 3.5.3. t h a t s e p a r a t e h e a t e d s p a c e from unheated s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r

s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o l i m i t t h e r a t e of a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n t o n o t more t h a n 17.0 dm3/s f o r e a c h m e t r e of door c r a c k when t e s t e d i n conformance w i t h A r t i c l e 3.5.1.

3.5.5. Caulking m a t e r i a l t o r e d u c e a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n s h a l l conform t o t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t s i n A r t i c l e 9.28.4.3. o f t h e NBC 1977.

3.5.6. The j u n c t i o n between t h e s i l l p l a t e and t h e f o u n d a t i o n , j o i n t s

between e x t e r i o r w a l l p a n e l s and any o t h e r l o c a t i o n where t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y of a i r l e a k a g e i n t o h e a t e d s p a c e s i n a buiZd$ng through t h e e x t e r i o r w a l l s , such a s a t u t i l i t y s e r v i c e e n t r a n c e s , s h a l l b e c a u l k e d , g a s k e t e d o r s e a l e d t o r e s t r i c t s u c h a i r l e a k a g e .

3.5.7. A i r l e a k a g e between h e a t e d s p a c e and a d j a c e n t roof o r a t t i c s p a c e

caused by t h e p e n e t r a t i o n of s e r v i c e s s h a l l b e r e s t r i c t e d i n conformance w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of A r t i c l e s 9.26.6.6. t o 9.26.6.14. of t h e NBC 1977. Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(20)

SECTION 4 ENCLOSURES FOR BUILDINGS WITH H I G H ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHTING, FANS AND PUMPS

SUBSECTION 4 . 1 SCOPE

4 . 1 . 1 . The requirements i n t h i s S e c t i o n apply t o

b u g d i n g s

of a l l

occupancy

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s t h a t do n o t f a l l w i t h i n t h e scope of S e c t i o n 3.

(Normally, l a r g e o f f i c e

,

r e c r e a t i o n a l , manufacturing, r e t a i l and

e d u c a t i o n a l

buildings

,

h o s p i t a l s and h o t e l s f a l l w i t h i n t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s

of t h i s S e c t i o n . )

SUBSECTION 4 . 2 THERMAL RESISTANCE OF ASSEMBLIES

4.2.1. Except a s p e r m i t t e d i n A r t i c l e s 4.2.2. t o 4 . 2 . 7 . , and e x c e p t f o r

d o o r s , windows, s k y l i g h t s and o t h e r

c l o s m e s

,

t h e thermal r e s i s t a n c e of

each

building

assembly through any p o r t i o n t h a t does n o t i n c l u d e framing

o r f u r r i n g s h a l l conform t o Table 4.2 .A. (See Appendix A f o r g r a p h i c a l

i l l u s t r a t i o n of thermal r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s . )

4.2.2. Except a s provided i n A r t i c l e 4 . 2 . 3 . , t h e t h e r m a l r e i s t a n c e of

t h e i n s u l a t e d p o r t i o n of a

building

assembly i n c o r p o r a t i n g m e t a l framing

e l e m e n t s , such a s s t e e l s t u d s and s t e e l j o i s t s , t h a t a c t a s thermal

b r i d g e s t o f a c i l i t a t e h e a t flow through t h e assembly, s h a l l be 20 p e r c e n t

g r e a t e r than t h e v a l u e s shown i n Table 4.2.A., u n l e s s i t can b e shown

t h a t t h e h e a t flow i s n o t g r e a t e r than t h e h e a t flow through a wood frame

assembly of t h e same t h i c k n e s s .

4.2.3. A r t i c l e 4.2.2. f o r

building

a s s e m b l i e s i n c o r p o r a t i n g thermal

b r i d g e s does n o t apply when t h e thermal b r i d g e s a r e i n s u l a t e d t o r e s t r i c t h e a t flow through t h e thermal b r i d g e s by a m a t e r i a l p r o v i d i n g a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e a t l e a s t e q u a l t o 25 p e r c e n t of t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e i n s u l a t e d p o r t i o n of t h e assembly i n A r t i c l e 4.2.1.

4.2.4. The thermal r e s i s t a n c e of a

building

assembly may be reduced by

n o t more than 20 p e r c e n t from t h a t r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e s 4.2.1. and 4 . 2 . 2 . , and t h e amount of g l a z i n g may be i n c r e a s e d t o more t h a n t h a t p e r m i t t e d i n A r t i c l e 4.3. l . , where i t can be shown t h a t t h e t o t a l c a l c u l a t e d h e a t

l o s s from t h e

building

e n c l o s u r e does n o t exceed t h e h e a t l o s s t h a t would

r e s u l t i f t h e e n c l o s u r e was c o n s t r u c t e d i n conformance w i t h t h e minimum thermal r e s i s t a n c e requirements i n A r t i c l e s 4.2.1. and 4.2.2. and w i t h t h e

maximum amount of g l a z i n g p e r m i t t e d i n A r t i c l e 4.3.1. p r o v i d e d no allowance i s made f o r s o l a r h e a t g a i n s .

4.2.5. Where t h e i n d o o r w i n t e r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e i s l e s s than 18OC, t h e

(21)

where t i i s t h e i n d o o r w i n t e r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e (OC),

.

t i s t h e o u t d o o r d e s i g n t e m p e r a t u r e based on t h e 2% p e r c e n t 0 v a l u e f o r J a n u a r y (OC), and R i s t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 4.2 .l. o r 4.2.2. ( m 2 * ~ c / w ) . 4.2.6. The t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e i n A r t i c l e 4.2.1. and 4 . 2 . 2 . f o r r o o f o r c e i l i n g a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r may b e reduced. n e a r t h e e a v e s t o t h e e x t e n t made n e c e s s a r y by t h e r o o f s l o p e and r e q u i r e d v e n t i l a t i o n c l e a r a n c e s , e x c e p t t h a t t h e t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e a t t h e l o c a t i o n d i r e c t l y above t h e i n n e r s u r f a c e o f t h e e x t e r i o r

w a l l s h a l l b e a t l e a s t 2 . 1 m2 O C / W .

4.2.7. The t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 4.2.1. may b e

r e d u c e d t o t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e e f f e c t o f t h e r m a l i n e r t i a r e s u l t i n g from

t h e mass o f t h e

building

i n conformance w i t h A r t i c l e 3.2.7.

4.2.8. P e r i m e t e r i n s u l a t i o n f o r slab-on-ground f l o o r s and f o r f o u n d a t i o n

w a l l s s h a l l e x t e n d down below t h e a d j a c e n t e x t e r i o r ground l e v e l t o t h e same d e p t h a s r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e s 3.2.8. and 3.2.9. SUBSECTION 4 . 3 GLAZING 4.3.1. G l a z i n g t h a t s e p a r a t e s h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r s h a l l conform t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n S u b s e c t i o n 3 . 3 , e x c e p t A r t i c l e 3 . 3 . 6 . s h a l l n o t a p p l y , and where e x t e r i o r d o o r s a r e p r o t e c t e d by u n h e a t e d v e s t i b u l e s d e s c r i b e d i n A r t i c l e s 4.5.2. and 4.5.3.

,

o r s u c h d o o r s a r e o f t h e r e v o l v i n g t y p e , s i n g l e g l a z i n g may b e used i n s u c h d o o r s . SUBSECTION 4.4 DOORS 4.4.1. Doors s h a l l conform t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f S u b s e c t i o n 3.4. 4.4.2. Doors s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d t o r e d u c e a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n i n conformance w i t h S u b s e c t i o n 4 . 5 . SUBSECTION 4.5 INFILTRATION 4.5.1. Measures s h a l l b e t a k e n t o c o n t r o l a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n i n t o

buildings

i n conformance w i t h S u b s e c t i o n 3.5. 4.5.2. Except a s p r o v i d e d i n A r t i c l e 4.5.4., a d o o r t h a t s e p a r a t e s h e a t e d s p a c e from t h e e x t e r i o r s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d w i t h a n e n c l o s e d v e s t i b u l e w i t h a l l d o o r s o p e n i n g i n t o o r o u t o f t h e v e s t i b u l e e q u i p p e d w i t h s e l f - c l o s i n g d e v i c e s . 4 . 5 . 3 . V e s t i b u l e s r e q u i r e d i n A r t i c l e 4.5.2. s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d s o t h a t i n p a s s i n g t h r o u g h t h e v e s t i b u l e i t i s n o t n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e i n t e r i o r and e x t e r i o r d o o r s t o b e open a t t h e same t i m e . Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(22)

1 5 T a b l e 4.2.A.

Forming p a r t of A r t i c l e 4.2.1.

Notes t o T a b l e 4.2.A. :

I

( 1 ) Where t h e number o f d e g r e e days f o r a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a i s d i f f e r e n t from t h o s e

l i s t e d , i n t e r p o l a t i o n between v a l u e s shown i n t h e T a b l e may b e made t o o b t a i n t h e minimum r e q u i r e d t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e v a l u e s f o r t h a t a r e a .

MINIMUM THERMAL

B u i l d i n g Assembly

Wall a s s e m b l i e s above ground l e v e l ( o t h e r t h a n f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s ) s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e o u t s i d e a i r Foundation w a l l a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e , o u t s i d e a i r o r a d j a c e n t e a r t h ( 2 ) Roof o r c e i l i n g a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r

( a ) i f

cornbus t i b Ze eons truc t i o n

i s p e r m i t t e d

(b ) i f

noncombus t i b Ze cons truc t i o n

i s r e q u i r e d F l o o r a s s e m b l i e s s e p a r a t i n g h e a t e d s p a c e from u n h e a t e d s p a c e o r t h e e x t e r i o r ( a ) i f

combustibZe construction

i s p e r m i t t e d (b ) i f

noncombus t i b Ze construction

i s r e q u i r e d P e r i m e t e r s o f slab-on-ground f l o o r s t h a t a r e less t h a n 600 mm below a d j a c e n t ground l e v e l ( i n s u l a t i o n o n l y ) ( a ) s l a b s where h e a t i n g d u c t s , p i p e s o r r e s i s t a n c e w i r i n g a r e embedded i n o r b e n e a t h t h e s l a b s ( b ) s l a b s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n ( a ) column 1

(2) Every f o u n d a t i o n w a l l f a c e h a v i n g more t h a n 50 p e r c e n t o f i t s a r e a exposed

t o o u t s i d e a i r , and t h o s e p a r t s o f f o u n d a t i o n w a l l s o f wood-frame c o n s t r u c t i o n above e x t e r i o r ground l e v e l s h a l l have a t h e r m a l r e s i s t a n c e conforming t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r w a l l a s s e m b l i e s above ground l e v e l . RESISTANCE (R VALUE), m 2 * O C / W Degree Days(1) 8 000 and o v e r ,

I

3.4

1

1 . 6

I

1 6 . 4 3.4 4.7 3.4 1

i

I

2 . 1 1 . 7 5

I

C e l s i u s 6 500 3.0 1 . 6 5.6 3 .O 4.7 3.0 1 . 7 1 . 3

1

3

1

4 !

Maximum Number up t o 3 500 1 . 9 1 . 6 3.6 1 . 9 3.6 1 . 9 0 . 8 0 . 8 2 o f f 5 000 2.5 1 . 6 4.7 2 . 5 4.7 2 . 5 1 . 3 0 . 8 Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(23)

4 . 5 . 4 . ( 1 ) E x t e r i o r d o o r s n e e d n o t b e p r o t e c t e d w i t h a v e s t i b u l e where ( a ) t h e d o o r i s a r e v o l v i n g d o o r , ( b ) t h e d o o r i s used p r i m a r i l y t o f a c i l i t a t e v e h i c u l a r movement o r m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g , ( c ) t h e d o o r i s n o t i n t e n d e d t o b e used a s a g e n e r a l e n t r a n c e d o o r , o r ( d ) t h e d o o r o p e n s d i r e c t l y from a n e n c l o s e d s p a c e o f l e s s t h a n 1 5 0 m2 i n a r e a . Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays

(24)

SECTION 5 HEATING, COOLING AND VENTILATING SUBSECTION 5 . 1 GENERAL

5.1.1. Space h e a t i n g , s p a c e c o o l i n g and v e n t i l a t i n g s y s t e m s and equipment

s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d and i n s t a l l e d i n conformance w i t h t h e NBC 1977.

5 . 1 . 2 . The a u t h o r i t y h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n may p e r m i t d e v i a t i o n s from some

r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s S e c t i o n where i t can b e shown t h a t b e c a u s e o f t h e n a t u r e o f t h e occupancy, s p e c i a l d e s i g n c o n s i d e r a t i o n s must b e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t t h a t would make compliance w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s S e c t i o n i m p r a c t i c a l . 5.1.3. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d h e r e i n , t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h i s S e c t i o n a p p l y t o b u i l d i n g s o f a l l occupancy c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s

.

5 . 1 . 4 . For b u i l d i n g s w i t h i n t h e s c o p e of S e c t i o n 4 , t h e s y s t e m d e s i g n e r ' s recommendations f o r e f f i c i e n t o p e r a t i o n o f t h e h e a t i n g , c o o l i n g and v e n t i l a t i n g s y s t e m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d . SUBSECTION 5.2 VENTILATION 5 . 2 . 1 . Non-mechanical o r n a t u r a l v e n t i l a t i o n o f b u i l d i n g s s h a l l conform t o t h e r e q u i r e w e n t s o f t h e N ~ ; C 1977. 5 . 2 . 2 . Where m e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d , t h e d e s i g n a i r q u a n t i t i e s

used f o r s u c h v e n t i l a t i o n s h a l l b e t h e minimum v a l u e s p e r m i t t e d i n ASHRAE S t a n d a r d 62-73, " S t a n d a r d s f o r N a t u r a l and Mechanical v e n t i l a t i o n , " e x c e p t when o t h e r w i s e r e q u i r e d by t h e NBC 1977.

SUBSECTION 5 . 3 ENERGY FOR FAN OPERATION

5 . 3 . 1 . The t o t a l d e s i g n power i n p u t r e q u i r e d t o o p e r a t e a i r moving f a n s

i n c o o l i n g s y s t e m s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 20 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l d e s i g n r a t e of s e n s i b l e h e a t removed from t h e s p a c e .

5.3.2. Except f o r b u i l d i n g s o f r e s i d e n t i a l occupancy o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l

occupancy, m e c h a n i c a l l y v e n t i l a t e d b u i Zdings s h a l l b e equipped w i t h

a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l s t o p e r m i t a r e d u c t i o n i n f a n e n e r g y r e q u i r e m e n t s d u r i n g

p e r i o d s when t h e b u i l d i n g i s n o t i n u s e , and s u c h c o n t r o l s s h a l l p e r m i t

manual o v e r r i d e .

SUBSECTION 5 . 4 TEMPERATURE CONTROL

5 . 4 . 1 . Except i n a & e l l i n g u n i t h e a t e d by a c o a l o r wood b u r n i n g

a p p l i a n c e c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e & e l l i n g u n i t , t h e a i r t e m p e r a t u r e i n t h o s e p a r t s o f a b u i l d i n g t h a t a r e d e s i g n e d t o b e h e a t e d o r c o o l e d s h a l l b e c o n t r o l l e d by a t h e r m o s t a t i n e a c h t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l l e d zone ( s e e S u b s e c t i o n 5 . 5 ) . Copyright © NRC 1941 - 2019 World Rights Reserved © CNRC 1941-2019 Droits réservés pour tous pays