IMPLEMENTING WSIS OUTCOMES:
A TEN-YEAR REVIEW
IMPLEMENTING WSIS OUTCOMES:
A TEN-YEAR REVIEW
New York and Geneva, 2015
NOTE
The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint to be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat.
This publication has been edited externally.
UNCTAD/DTL/STICT/2015/3
PREFACE
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0DMRUDFKLHYHPHQWVKDYHVLQFHRFFXUUHGLQ,&7V7KHQXPEHURIPRELOHSKRQHVXEVFULSWLRQVZRUOGZLGH is now almost equal to the number of people on the planet. As many as four out of 10 people in the ZRUOGQRZPDNHXVHRIWKH,QWHUQHWDQGWKDWQXPEHULVJURZLQJVWHDGLO\*RYHUQPHQWVEXVLQHVVDQG FLYLOVRFLHW\KDYHXVHG,&7VWRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIVHUYLFHWKDWWKH\RIIHUWRFLWL]HQVDQGFRQVXPHUV DQGWRVXSSRUWGHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHV,QQRYDWLRQVVXFKDVPRELOHPRQH\HQYLURQPHQWDOPRQLWRULQJ DQGWKHXVHRILQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\LQKHDOWKDQGHGXFDWLRQKDYHKDGPDMRULPSDFWVRQWKHOLYHV RI LQGLYLGXDOV FRPPXQLWLHV DQG ZKROH VRFLHWLHV FRQWULEXWLQJ WRZDUGV DFKLHYLQJ WKH 0LOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV
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The Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, which was agreed in the second phase of the Summit in 2005, UHTXHVWHGWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\WRPDNHDQRYHUDOOUHYLHZRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI:6,6 outcomes in 2015. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) subsequently asked its Commission on 6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\IRU'HYHORSPHQW&67'WRXQGHUWDNHDWHQ\HDUUHYLHZRISURJUHVVPDGHLQWKH implementation of WSIS outcomes and to submit its results in 2015, through the ECOSOC, to the General Assembly. This report has been prepared by the CSTD Secretariat in order to assist the Commission in WKDWFUXFLDOWDVN,WGUDZVRQH[LVWLQJUHSRUWVDQGRSHQFRQVXOWDWLRQZLWKDOOVWDNHKROGHUVWRSURYLGHDQ RYHUDUFKLQJDVVHVVPHQW
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Ms. Omobola Johnson Chair, Commission on Science and
7HFKQRORJ\IRU'HYHORSPHQW Minister of Communication Technology
of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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1DGÅJH+DGMÆPLDQGHVLJQHGWKHFRYHUImplementing WSIS Outcomes: A Ten-year Review was edited by 1DQF\%LHUVWHNHUDQGIRUPDWWHGE\1DWKDOLH/RULRW
CONTENTS
Executive Summary ... 1
Chapter 1 – Introduction ... 9
A. The World Summit on the Information Society ...9
B. The WSIS outcomes ...10
7KHYLVLRQRIDSHRSOHFHQWUHGLQFOXVLYHDQGGHYHORSPHQWRULHQWHG,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\ ... 10
2. The WSIS Targets... 10
3. The WSIS Action Lines ... 10
4. Financial mechanisms ... 10
,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFH ... 11
0XOWLVWDNHKROGHULPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGFRRSHUDWLRQ ... 11
C. Follow-up activities by United Nations agencies and other stakeholders ...11
D. Methodology and sources ...12
E. Structure of the report ...13
CHAPTER 2 – Implementing the WSIS Vision ... 19
A. The vision of the Information Society ...19
B. ICTs for development (ICT4D) ...22
,&7VDQGWKH0LOOHQQLXP'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV ... 23
2. The economic potential of ICTs ... 23
'HYHORSPHQWVLQ,&7'VLQFH:6,6 ... 24
C. The Information Society and human rights ...28
D. The WSIS vision in the WSIS+10 processes ...30
E. The Information Society and the post-2015 development agenda ...32
F. Summary ...34
Chapter 3 – Implementing the WSIS Targets ... 43
A. The WSIS Targets ...43
B. General connectivity and access targets ...44
7DUJHWtFRQQHFWLYLW\LQUXUDODUHDV ... 44
7DUJHWtEURDGFDVWLQJQHWZRUNVDQGVHUYLFHV ... 3. Target 10 – Access to ICTs ... 47
D 2YHUYLHZ... 47
b. Mobile telephony ... 47
c. Fixed telephony ... 47
G %URDGEDQG... 49
e. Computer ownership and use ... 51
f. Internet access and usage ... 51
C. The affordability of ICTs ...54
D. The gender gap in ICT access and use ...57
( 6SHFLƄFWDUJHWV ...58
1. Target 2 – primary and secondary schools ... 2. Target 3 – science and research centres ... 7DUJHWtSXEOLFOLEUDULHVPXVHXPVSRVWRIƄFHVDQGQDWLRQDODUFKLYHV... 4. Target 5 – health centres and hospitals ... 59
7DUJHWtORFDODQGFHQWUDOJRYHUQPHQWGHSDUWPHQWV ... 59
7DUJHWtHGXFDWLRQDOFXUULFXOD ... 59
7. Target 9 – content and language ... 7DUJHWtEXVLQHVVHV ... F. Measuring e-readiness and impact ...61
G. The future of the WSIS Targets and future measurement ...63
H. Summary – The changing digital divide...65
Chapter 4 – The Development of ICT Technology and Services ... 71
A. The changing ICT environment ...71
1. The transition to broadband ... 72
7KHWUDQVLWLRQWRPRELOLW\DQGGHYHORSPHQWRIPRELOHQHWZRUNVDQGGHYLFHV ... 73
7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIPRELOHVHUYLFHV ... 74
8VHUJHQHUDWHGFRQWHQWDQGVRFLDOPHGLD ... 75
5. Cloud computing and the cloud economy ... 75
'DWDƄFDWLRQGDWDPDQDJHPHQWDQGELJGDWDDQDO\VLV ... 7. The Internet of Things ... 6PDUWV\VWHPV ... B. Policy responses ...79
C. Summary ...80
Chapter 5 – Implementing the WSIS Action Lines ... 87
A. Action Line C1 – The role of governments and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development ...88
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... B. Action Line C2 – Information and communication infrastructure ...90
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 90
C. Action Line C3 – Access to information and knowledge ...91
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 92
D. Action Line C4 – Capacity-building...92
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 93
( $FWLRQ/LQH&t&RQƄGHQFHDQGVHFXULW\...94
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 94
F. Action Line C6 – Enabling environment...96
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... G. Action Line C7 – ICT applications ...98
(JRYHUQPHQW ... 99
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 99
(EXVLQHVV ... 101
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 102
(OHDUQLQJ... 104
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 104
(KHDOWK... 'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... (HPSOR\PHQW... 107
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 107
(HQYLURQPHQW... 'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... (DJULFXOWXUH... 110
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 110
(VFLHQFH... 111
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 111
H. Action Line C8 – Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic diversity and local content ....112
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 112
I. Action Line C9 – Media ...113
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 114
J. Action Line C10 – Ethical dimensions of the Information Society ...114
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... 115
K. Action Line C11 – International and regional cooperation ...115
'HYHORSPHQWVVLQFH:6,6 ... L. Summary ...116
Chapter 6 – Financial Mechanisms for the Information Society ... 127
$ 'HYHORSPHQWVLQƄQDQFLDOPHFKDQLVPVIRUWKH,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\ ...127
B. Experience since WSIS ...129
7KH,&7VHFWRUDQGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQYHVWPHQW ... 129
2. International Financial Institutions (IFIs) ... 132
2IƄFLDOGHYHORSPHQWDVVLVWDQFH2'$DQGRWKHUƄQDQFLDOƅRZV ... 134
C. Summary ...135
Chapter 7 – Internet Governance ... 141
$ 'HƄQLQJ,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFH...141
B. The WSIS framework for Internet governance ...142
C. Enhanced cooperation on international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet ....143
D. The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) ...145
E. Other developments ...148
1. Internet protocols ... 2. Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC)... 3. Internet Exchange Points ... 4. Net neutrality ... 149
5. Intermediary liability ... 149
'HYHORSPHQWVFRQFHUQLQJ,&$11 ... 149
7. Internet domains and multilingualism ... 150
,QWHUQHWSULQFLSOHVVLQFH:6,6 ... 151
F. Summary ...154
Chapter 8 – Multi-stakeholder Implementation and Cooperation ... 161
A. The UN Group on the Information Society (UNGIS)...162
B. United Nations Regional Commissions ...163
C. Implementation by stakeholders...166
8QLWHG1DWLRQVDQGRWKHULQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQV... 7KHSULYDWHVHFWRU ... 170
&LYLOVRFLHW\... 171
4. The academic and technical communities ... 172
D. Multi-stakeholder cooperation...173
C. Summary ...175
Chapter 9 – Summary and Conclusion ... 183
A. Summary ...183
B. Challenges ...185
C. Conclusion ...187
Bibliography ... 194
Annex: Contributions to the open consultation for the CSTDten-year
review of the implementation of WSIS outcomes ... 205
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ABBREVIATIONS
A4AI Alliance for Affordable Internet AfDB $IULFDQ'HYHORSPHQW%DQN AfICTA African ICT Association AfrISPA African ISP Association
AGORA Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture AISI $IULFD,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\,QLWLDWLYH
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APCICT $VLDQDQG3DFLƄF7UDLQLQJ&HQWUHIRU,QIRUPDWLRQDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\IRU 'HYHORSPHQW
ARAPKE African Regional Plan on the Knowledge Economy ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
AU African Union
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DNS Domain Name System
DNSSEC Domain Name System Security Extensions
EC European Commission
ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
EMIS education management information systems ESCAP (FRQRPLF&RPPLVVLRQIRU$VLDDQGWKH3DFLƄF ESCWA Economic Commission for West Asia
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WITSA :RUOG,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\DQG6HUYLFHV$OOLDQFH WSIS World Summit on the Information Society
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The World Summit on the Information Society :6,6KHOGLQWZRSKDVHV*HQHYDLQ'HFHPEHU DQG 7XQLV LQ 1RYHPEHU ZDV WKH ƄUVW RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\
to assess the potential of new information and FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV ,&7V IRU DFKLHYLQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\DJUHHG GHYHORSPHQW JRDOV DQG to consider the new challenges which they presented. The four WSIS outcome documents – the Geneva Declaration of Principles, Geneva Plan of Action¸ Tunis Commitment and Tunis Agenda for the Information Society t VHW RXW D YLVLRQ RI D oSHRSOHFHQWUHG LQFOXVLYH DQG GHYHORSPHQW RULHQWHG,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\pWKDWZRXOGHQKDQFH the opportunities and quality of life for people ZRUOGZLGHDQGIDFLOLWDWHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW They also established mechanisms for monitoring SURJUHVVWRZDUGVWKLVYLVLRQLQFOXGLQJWDUJHWVIRU FRQQHFWLYLW\DQGDFFHVV$FWLRQ/LQHVWRLPSOHPHQW ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ REMHFWLYHV LQ VSHFLƄF DUHDV ƄQDQFLDOPHFKDQLVPVIRUPHHWLQJWKHFKDOOHQJHV RI ,&7V IRU GHYHORSPHQW DQG FRPPLWPHQWV IRU WKHGHYHORSPHQWRI,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFH
The Tunis Agenda JDYH WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU RYHUVHHLQJ WKH V\VWHPZLGH IROORZXSRI:6,6RXWFRPHV7KH&RXQFLODVNHG the United Nations Commission on Science and 7HFKQRORJ\IRU'HYHORSPHQW&67'WRDVVLVWLWLQ this work. In 2013 it requested the CSTD to submit, after its eighteenth session, the outcome of its WHQ\HDU UHYLHZ RI WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI :6,6 outcomes, through the Council, to the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. This report has been prepared by the CSTD secretariat to VXSSRUWWKH&RPPLVVLRQLQLWVUHYLHZ,WGUDZVRQ DYDULHW\RIVRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJDPXOWLVWDNHKROGHU open consultation process and inputs from United Nations agencies and other entities.
Progress towards implementing WSIS outcomes
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The Geneva Plan of Action set out ten targets for WKH JURZWK RI FRQQHFWLYLW\ DQG ,&7 XVDJH GXULQJ WKH SHULRG WR 3URJUHVV WRZDUGV DFKLHYLQJ WKHVH KDV EHHQ UHYLHZHG E\ WKH 3DUWQHUVKLS RQ 0HDVXULQJ ,&7 IRU 'HYHORSPHQW 7KH \HDUV VLQFH WKH 6XPPLW KDYH VHHQ UDSLG JURZWK LQ WKH reach of ICTs throughout the world, particularly LQ ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNV ZKLFK QRZ FRYHU DOPRVW all communities, and in the adoption and use of mobile phones, subscriptions to which are now almost as numerous as world population. Access to the Internet has grown less rapidly, but it is HVWLPDWHG WKDW DERXW } SHU FHQW RI WKH ZRUOGpV population now goes online, at least on occasion.
,QWHUQHWVHUYLFHVDUHLQFUHDVLQJO\ZLGHO\DFFHVVHG WKURXJKZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNVDQGRQPRELOHGHYLFHV as well as through computers.
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respond to rapidly changing opportunities that UHVXOWIURPLQQRYDWLRQVLQWHFKQRORJ\DQGVHUYLFHV Particular attention needs to be paid to the FKDOOHQJHVIDFLQJODQGORFNHGDQGOHDVWGHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV 6PDOO ,VODQG 'HYHORSLQJ 6WDWHV DQG FRXQWULHVHPHUJLQJIURPFRQƅLFW
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and the emergence of an Information Society can be seen in changes to economic production, GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG FRQVXPSWLRQ DFFHVV WR LQIRUPDWLRQDQGNQRZOHGJHFKDQJHVLQSDWWHUQVRI ZRUNOHLVXUHDQGKXPDQVHWWOHPHQWQHZEXVLQHVV PRGHOV DQG PRGHV RI VRFLDO LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG LQFUHDVHGJOREDOL]DWLRQ7KHVHXQGHUO\LQJFKDQJHV LQ HFRQRP\ VRFLHW\ DQG FXOWXUH KDYH UHVXOWHG primarily from the interaction between technology, society and business. Together with continued LQQRYDWLRQ LQ WHFKQRORJ\ DQG PDUNHWV WKH\ DUH DOWHULQJWKHFRQWH[WIRUWKHSRVWGHYHORSPHQW agenda.
7KH FDSDELOLWLHV RI ,&7 QHWZRUNV DQG VHUYLFHV today are some thirty times what they were at the WLPHRI:6,6%HVLGHVWKHUDSLGJURZWKRIPRELOH ,QWHUQHWDQGEURDGEDQGPDUNHWVWKHUHKDYHEHHQ PDMRU GHYHORSPHQWV LQ WKH FDSDELOLWLHV RI PRELOH phones and computers (such as smartphones DQGWDEOHWVLQWKHVHUYLFHVDYDLODEOHWKURXJKWKHP (including mobile apps) and in the ways in which these are being used. The World Wide Web has EHFRPHDPXFKPRUHLQWHUDFWLYHSODWIRUPWKDQDW the time of WSIS, with the emergence and rapidly growing popularity of social media and other SODWIRUPV IRU XVHUJHQHUDWHG FRQWHQW 9HU\ UDSLG growth in the capabilities of both computing and communications resources has enabled powerful new ICT modalities, including cloud computing, and new forms of data storage and analysis, VXFK DV oELJ GDWDp DQG VRFLDO PHGLD DQDO\WLFV 7KHVH KDYH OHG LQ WXUQ WR QHZ IRUPV RI EXVLQHVV DQG JRYHUQPHQW SUDFWLFH HQDEOHG JUHDWHU understanding of social and economic trends, DQG VHW WKH VFHQH IRU QHZ W\SHV RI LQWHUYHQWLRQ WR VXSSRUW GHYHORSPHQW 7KH FDSDELOLWLHV RI ,&7 QHWZRUNV DQG VHUYLFHV DUH FRQWLQXLQJ WR JURZ rapidly. The emergence of the Internet of Things DQGIXUWKHULQQRYDWLRQVLQWHFKQRORJ\DQGVHUYLFHV ZLOOOHDGWRPRUHFKDQJHVLQEXVLQHVVJRYHUQPHQW DQGGHYHORSPHQWRSSRUWXQLWLHVLQWKHQH[WGHFDGH 7KLV UDSLG HYROXWLRQ RI WKH ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ LV changing the parameters for the implementation of WSIS outcomes in the future.
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,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFHKDVIHDWXUHGSURPLQHQWO\LQWKH implementation of WSIS outcomes. The Internet has continued to grow rapidly in both scope and VHUYLFHVVLQFH:6,6DQGWKHUHKDYHEHHQLPSRUWDQW changes in its technical modalities, including the LQWURGXFWLRQRILQWHUQDWLRQDOL]HGWRSOHYHOGRPDLQV DQG WKH GHSOR\PHQW RI ,QWHUQHW 3URWRFRO YHUVLRQ 7KH ,QWHUQHW *RYHUQDQFH )RUXP ZKLFK ZDV LQWURGXFHGIROORZLQJ:6,6KDVEHFRPHDVLJQLƄFDQW JDWKHULQJ IRU PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU GLVFXVVLRQ RI ,QWHUQHWLVVXHVDQGLVVHHQDVKDYLQJFRQWULEXWHGWR JUHDWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGFRRSHUDWLRQ+RZHYHU it is agreed that its contribution could be enhanced WKURXJK IXUWKHU LPSURYHPHQWV WR LWV LQFOXVLYHQHVV and ways of working. There has been less success WRGDWHLQUHDFKLQJFRQVHQVXVRQZD\VWRDFKLHYH enhanced cooperation in international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet. A number of other LQLWLDWLYHVKDYHWDNHQSODFHRYHUWKHSDVWWHQ\HDUV WREURDGHQGHEDWHDQGIDFLOLWDWHWKHGHYHORSPHQW of commonly agreed principles around the Internet.
7KH :6,6 RXWFRPH GRFXPHQWV HPSKDVL]HG WKH responsibility of all stakeholders in implementing :6,6 RXWFRPHV 0XOWLVWDNHKROGHU FRRSHUDWLRQ in WSIS implementation has extended beyond MRLQW DFWLYLWLHV VXFK DV SXEOLFSULYDWH SDUWQHUVKLSV WR EURDGHU FRRSHUDWLRQ LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI technical standards and of new approaches to GHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHVSROLFLHVDQGSURJUDPPHV 0XOWLVWDNHKROGHUSDUWLFLSDWLRQKDVEHHQSDUWLFXODUO\
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Challenges
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• 7KH ƄUVW FRQFHUQV WKH GLJLWDO GLYLGH ZKRVH QDWXUHDQGVFRSHKDYHFKDQJHGJUHDWO\VLQFH WKH 6XPPLW 7KH GLYLGH LQ EURDGEDQG FRQ QHFWLYLW\DQGDFFHVVDSSHDUVWREHZLGHQLQJ WRGD\LQVHYHUDOFRQWH[WVtZLWKLQDVZHOODV between countries. There is a risk that, un less this is addressed, it will in turn exacer EDWH RWKHU GHYHORSPHQW GLYLGHV &RQWLQXHG attention therefore needs to be focused on HIIRUWVWREULGJHWKHGLJLWDOGLYLGHDQGHQVXUH LQFOXVLYHQHVVLQWKH,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\
• The second challenge stems from the un predictability of the changes taking place in ,&7 WHFKQRORJ\ DQG VHUYLFHV 6RPH LPSRU tant aspects of the Information Society today, such as the emergence of online social me dia, cloud computing and big data analysis, were poorly anticipated at the time of WSIS.
6LPLODUFKDOOHQJHVDULVHZLWKFXUUHQWZDYHVRI LQQRYDWLRQ LQ WKH FORXG HFRQRP\ WKH ,QWHU QHWRI7KLQJVDQGWKHGDWDƄFDWLRQRIJRYHUQ ment and business practice. The speed and XQSUHGLFWDELOLW\ RI ,&7 GHYHORSPHQWV PDNH LWGLIƄFXOWIRULQWHUQDWLRQDODJHQFLHVDQGJRY HUQPHQWVWRDGRSWORQJWHUPJRDOVDQGVWUDW egies for the Information Society. Short term goals that are adaptable enough to meet changing circumstances, including both op SRUWXQLWLHVDQGWKUHDWVWKHUHIRUHKDYHDQLP SRUWDQWUROHWRSOD\DORQJVLGHORQJWHUPVWUDW HJLHVIRU,&7VLQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW
• The third challenge concerns the main streaming of ICTs into wider social and HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW SROLFLHV DQG SUR JUDPPHV$V,&7VEHFRPHPRUHSHUYDVLYH the emphasis in ICT4D needs to shift from SURJUDPPHV DQG SURMHFWV WKDW DUH SULPDULO\
FRQFHUQHG ZLWK SURPRWLQJ FRQQHFWLYLW\ WR ZDUGV SURJUDPPHV DQG SURMHFWV WKDW OHYHU age the increasingly widespread use of ICTs
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,&7V QRZ IRUP DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI GHYHORS ment programmes in sectors like health and education, and are increasingly used for the GHOLYHU\RIRWKHUJRYHUQPHQWVHUYLFHV,QVXI ƄFLHQWDQDO\VLVKDVEHHQXQGHUWDNHQWRGDWH of this changing emphasis or of its implica WLRQV IRU GHYHORSPHQW SROLF\ DQG SUDFWLFH The potential role of ICTs and their underlying VLJQLƄFDQFHIRUVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFFKDQJH are of particular importance in the context of WKH SRVW GHYHORSPHQW DJHQGD ZKLFK ZLOOXQGHUSLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWSROL cies at a time of further rapid growth in the reach and scope of ICTs.
• Many stakeholders, including contributors to WKH &67' WHQ\HDU UHYLHZ RI :6,6 KDYH HP SKDVL]HGDIRXUWKFKDOOHQJHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI HGXFDWLRQDQGFDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJWRHQVXULQJWKDW ICTs and the Information Society contribute most HIIHFWLYHO\WRGHYHORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQLQWKHXVH of ICTs and of the information and knowledge that they unlock is critically important for equip ping the young and future generations to take full DGYDQWDJHRIWKHP,WLVDOVRYLWDOWRLPSURYHWKH capacity of those currently in work, in the pub OLFDQGSULYDWHVHFWRUVRULQVHOIHPSOR\PHQWLQ IDFWRULHVDQGƄHOGVDWDOOOHYHOVRIZRUN3DUWLFX lar attention needs to be paid to ICT technical VNLOOVWRSROLF\DQGUHJXODWLRQDQGWRWKHGD\WR day media and information literacy skills that are YDOXDEOHLQHYHU\GD\OLIH7KHVHWRRDUHFKDQJ LQJUDSLGO\DVWHFKQRORJ\HYROYHV
• 7KH ƄIWK FKDOOHQJH FRQFHUQV WKH PRQLWRULQJ and measurement of WSIS outcomes. It is easier to measure inputs on the supply side RI WKH ,&7 VHFWRU VXFK DV FRQQHFWLYLW\ WKDQ WRPHDVXUHWKHLPSDFWVWKDWWKHVHDUHKDYLQJ on economic growth, in areas of social policy OLNH KHDOWK DQG HGXFDWLRQ DQG RQ LQGLYLGXDO OLYHV7KHGDWDWKDWDUHFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHIRU monitoring the implementation of WSIS out FRPHVDQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH,QIRUPD WLRQ6RFLHW\DUHUHODWLYHO\SRRU,IJRYHUQPHQWV and international agencies are to grasp fully WKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVSURYLGHGE\WKH,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\WKH\QHHGWRKDYHDEHWWHUTXDQWLWD WLYHDQGTXDOLWDWLYHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGHYHORS ments on both supply and demand sides of communications.
Priorities for the future
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• the need for rapid deployment of broad EDQGQHWZRUNV
• HIIRUWV WR LPSURYH LQFOXVLYHQHVV DQG UH GXFHGLJLWDOGLYLGHVLQFOXGLQJORZHUFRVWV for international bandwidth, affordable DFFHVV IRU ORZHULQFRPH XVHUV UHGXF tion of the gender gap in communications DFFHVV FDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJ WR LQFUHDVH H OLWHUDF\ DQG WKH LQFOXVLRQ RI PDUJLQDOL]HG groups including those with disabilities, indigenous peoples and users of minority ODQJXDJHV
• resolution of ongoing differences concern LQJ ,QWHUQHW JRYHUQDQFH LQFOXGLQJ WKH UROHV DQG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV RI JRYHUQPHQWV DQGRWKHUVWDNHKROGHUV
• increased attention to education and ca SDFLW\EXLOGLQJ
• increased attention to cybersecurity, in cluding more coordination among stake holders, that will secure continued public FRQILGHQFHLQ,&7VDQGWKH,QWHUQHW
• attention to the emergence of the cloud economy, which presents opportunities IRU DGGLQJ HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO YDOXH while posing new challenges including is sues of economic and content regulation, GDWDVRYHUHLJQW\DQGVHFXULW\
• attention to ethical and rights aspects of the Information Society, particularly those concerning access, freedom of expres VLRQSULYDF\DQGVXUYHLOODQFHLQWKHFRQ text established by the United Nations
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• attention to the threats to sustainability SRVHG E\ HZDVWH DQG LQFUHDVHG JUHHQ house gas emissions emerging from the ICT sector, and to opportunities to use ,&7VWRSURPRWHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW and address the challenges of climate change.
The report notes the emphasis in these priorities on DIRUZDUGORRNLQJDSSURDFKWRWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI :6,6 RXWFRPHV DQG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH Information Society. The WSIS Targets and Action /LQHV KDYH KHOSHG WR HQDEOH PRQLWRULQJ RI :6,6 RXWFRPHVRYHUWKHODVWGHFDGHEXWWKHUHDFKDQG capabilities of ICTs are now much greater than they were in 2005. Those capabilities, it is generally EHOLHYHGDUHFRQWLQXLQJWRGRXEOHHYHU\WZR\HDUV or so. In this context, it is important for international policies and programmes concerned with the future implementation of WSIS outcomes to be located in a thorough understanding of current circumstances, opportunities and challenges.
This is particularly critical in ensuring that WSIS RXWFRPHV DUH LQWHJUDWHG LQWR WKH SRVW GHYHORSPHQWDJHQGD
The report makes a number of suggestions which stem from this.
• As recommended by the Partnership on 0HDVXULQJ ,&7 IRU 'HYHORSPHQW WKH UHSRUW suggests that any targets for WSIS imple PHQWDWLRQ VKRXOG EH IRUZDUGORRNLQJ UHDG ily measurable and facilitate greater under standing by all stakeholders of current ICT contexts and future goals.
• 7KH:6,6$FWLRQ/LQHVKDYHSURYLGHGDXVHIXO framework for reporting on WSIS implemen WDWLRQSDUWLFXODUO\IRU81DJHQFLHVEXWKDYH QRWDWWUDFWHGH[WHQVLYHSDUWLFLSDWLRQIURPWKH wider stakeholder communities in their areas of responsibility, while their mandates do not UHƅHFW FKDQJHV LQ ,&7 WHFKQRORJ\ DQG VHU YLFHVVLQFH:6,67KHUHSRUWGUDZVDWWHQWLRQ to the recommendations in the WSIS+10 Vi- sion for WSIS Beyond 2015, agreed at the :6,6 +LJK /HYHO (YHQW LQ -XQH FRQFHUQLQJWKHIXWXUHGHYHORSPHQWRI:6,6 Action Lines, including the need to pay great er attention to the gender dimension of the Information Society.
• UN agencies and other stakeholders should pay particular attention to integrating edu FDWLRQ DQG FDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJ FRQFHUQLQJ ICTs into their programmes and policies for VRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWZLWKWKH aim of equipping both current and future JHQHUDWLRQVWRWDNHPD[LPXPDGYDQWDJHRI WKH SRWHQWLDO RI ,&7V DQG WR IHHO FRQƄGHQW DQGVHFXUHLQWKHLUSURGXFWLYHXVH
• :6,6 RXWFRPHV KDYH QRW EHHQ ZHOO LQWH JUDWHG LQWR 81 'HYHORSPHQW $VVLVWDQFH Frameworks (UNDAFs). This should be ad dressed if the United Nations as a whole is WROHYHUDJHWKHUROHRI,&7VHIIHFWLYHO\LQLWV GHYHORSPHQWDFWLYLW\
• 5HQHZHGDWWHQWLRQVKRXOGEHSDLGWRƄQDQ cial mechanisms for the Information Soci HW\ LQFOXGLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LQYHVWPHQW WR PHHWLQFUHDVHGWUDIƄFDULVLQJIURPJURZLQJ GDWD YROXPHV WKH FORXG HFRQRP\ WKH ,Q WHUQHW RI 7KLQJV DQG WKH H[SDQVLRQ RI H commerce. The report also calls for a sys WHPDWLFUHYLHZRI2'$FRPPLWPHQWVWRWKH ICT sector, similar to that undertaken by the OECD at the time of WSIS.
• 7KHUHLVDFRQWLQXHGKLJKOHYHORIGLYHUJHQFH RI YLHZV RQ DVSHFWV RI ,QWHUQHW JRYHUQ DQFH LQ SDUWLFXODU FRQFHUQLQJ oHQKDQFHG cooperation … in international public policy LVVXHV SHUWDLQLQJ WR WKH ,QWHUQHWp 7KH ,Q ternet is now extremely important to all as pects of economy, society and culture. In WKLV FRQWH[W FRQFHUQV KDYH HPHUJHG WKDW disagreements concerning its future should not inhibit discussion of how to take best DGYDQWDJHRILQQRYDWLRQLQWHFKQRORJ\DQG VHUYLFHV DQG WKH SRVLWLYH LPSDFW WKDW WKH ,QWHUQHW FDQ KDYH RQ GHYHORSPHQW 5H QHZHG HIIRUWV VKRXOG EH PDGH WR UHVROYH GLIIHUHQFHVDQGDFKLHYHFRQVHQVXVRQWKH IXWXUH RI ,QWHUQHW JRYHUQDQFH DQG WR ƄQG VROXWLRQV WKDW HQDEOH DOO JRYHUQPHQWV RQ an equal footing, to carry out their roles and responsibilities in international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet.
• The Geneva Declaration of Principles, adopted more than a decade ago empha VL]HGWKDWWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI:6,6RXW FRPHV ZRXOG UHTXLUH oVWURQJ FRPPLWPHQW E\DOOVWDNHKROGHUVpDQGPXOWLVWDNHKROGHU FRRSHUDWLRQ DQG GLDORJXH KDYH EHHQ KDOO marks of the subsequent implementation of WSIS outcomes. A body of experience has arisen from this, including different ways RI DGGUHVVLQJ WKH LQFOXVLYHQHVV RI PXOWL stakeholder participation and its relation ship with multilateral institutions. Analysis VKRXOG EH PDGH RI WKH EHQHƄWV DQG FKDO lenges arising from this experience in order
WRLPSURYHWKHLQFOXVLYHQHVVDQGHIIHFWLYH QHVV RI IXWXUH PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU FRRSHUD tion.
The rapid growth of ICT adoption and use and WKHG\QDPLFSDFHRILQQRYDWLRQLQWKH,&7VHFWRU will ensure that their impact on society, economy and culture continues to grow rapidly. This suggests the importance of ensuring that WSIS RXWFRPHV DUH LQWHJUDWHG IXOO\ LQWR WKH SRVW GHYHORSPHQWDJHQGDDQGWKH6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW*RDOV6'*VWKDWDUHWREHDJUHHG by the United Nations General Assembly in ODWH 0DQ\ VWDNHKROGHUV KDYH H[SUHVVHG concerns that ICTs and the Information Society DUHQRWVXIƄFLHQWO\LQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKHSUHSDUDWRU\
work that is being undertaken towards the Agenda and the SDGs. More attention should be JLYHQWRWKHPDVDSULRULW\
While great progress has been made in LPSOHPHQWLQJ :6,6 RXWFRPHV RYHU WKH SDVW decade, much still remains to be done, in H[WHQGLQJWKHSRWHQWLDOEHQHƄWVRIWKH,QIRUPDWLRQ Society to all, in addressing new challenges that KDYHDULVHQIURPLWVGHYHORSPHQWDQGLQDGDSWLQJ WRWKHFRQWLQXDOLQQRYDWLRQWKDWLVWDNLQJSODFHLQ information and communication technologies and WKHVHUYLFHVWKDWWKH\HQDEOH:KLOHWKHSULRULWLHV IRU LQGLYLGXDO WDUJHWV DQG $FWLRQ /LQHV HYROYH ZLWK WKHVH FKDQJLQJ WHFKQRORJLHV DQG VHUYLFHV LW LV YLWDO WKDW WKH GLVFRXUVH LQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO public policy on the future of the Information Society begins from an understanding of current circumstances and is located in the present and the future rather than the past. The reach and capabilities of ICTs are now much greater than they were in 2005 and are continuing to grow UDSLGO\ 7HFKQRORJLHV DQG VHUYLFHV WKDW ZHUH in their infancy at the time of WSIS, such as cloud computing and social networks, are now widespread, while the Internet of Things and big data analysis are now imminent realities. In these UDSLGO\ HYROYLQJ FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKHUH LV D QHHG for continued efforts by all stakeholders, working LQGHSHQGHQWO\ DQG WKURXJK PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU SDUWQHUVKLS DQG GLDORJXH WR DFKLHYH WKH :6,6 YLVLRQWKDWSHRSOHHYHU\ZKHUHUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHLU EDFNJURXQGRURULJLQVKRXOGKDYHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
FXOPLQDWLQJLQDWKUHHGD\SOHQDU\PHHWLQJDWWHQGHG E\+HDGVRI6WDWHDQG*RYHUQPHQWDVZHOODVRWKHU UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV DW ZKLFK LWV RXWFRPH GRFXPHQWV were formally adopted.
7KHƄUVW*HQHYDSKDVHRIWKH6XPPLWIRFXVHGRQ GHYHORSLQJEURDGSULQFLSOHVIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKH ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ LGHQWLI\LQJ ZD\V WR PD[LPL]H WKH EHQHƄWV WKDW FRXOG EH GUDZQ IURP LW DQG WR PLQLPL]H DVVRFLDWHG SUREOHPV 7KH RXWFRPHV RI WKH *HQHYD SKDVH ZHUH HQFDSVXODWHG LQ WZR GRFXPHQWV
• the Geneva Declaration of Principles,2 which VHW RXW WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\pV YL VLRQDQGSULQFLSOHVIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRID oSHRSOHFHQWUHGLQFOXVLYHDQGGHYHORSPHQW RULHQWHG,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\pDQG
• WKH*HQHYD3ODQRI$FWLRQ3 which established WDUJHWVIRUFRQQHFWLYLW\LQGLIIHUHQWVRFLDOFRQ texts and built on the principles set out in the Declaration to identify priorities for action.
7ZR VXSSOHPHQWDU\ IRUD ZHUH FRQYHQHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDO EHWZHHQ WKH ƄUVW DQG VHFRQG SKDVHV RI WKH 6XPPLW WR DGGUHVV SDUWLFXODU LVVXHV DULVLQJ IURP WKH *HQHYD SKDVH a Task Force on Financial Mechanisms for ICT LQYHVWPHQWDQGGHYHORSPHQW4 and a Working Group RQ,QWHUQHW*RYHUQDQFH5 The second (Tunis) phase of the Summit concentrated on issues arising from the reports of these supplementary fora, and on HVWDEOLVKLQJLPSOHPHQWDWLRQPHFKDQLVPVIRUDFKLHYLQJ REMHFWLYHVWKDWKDGEHHQDJUHHG,WVRXWFRPHVZHUH HQFDSVXODWHGLQWZRIXUWKHUGRFXPHQWV
• the Tunis Commitment,ZKLFKUHDIƄUPHGDQG built upon the agreements reached in Gene YDDQG
• the Tunis Agenda for the Information Soci- ety,7ZKLFKUHƅHFWHGDJUHHPHQWVRQƄQDQFLQJ PHFKDQLVPV DQG ,QWHUQHW JRYHUQDQFH DQG HVWDEOLVKHGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGIROORZXSDU rangements.
7KHUH KDYH EHHQ PDQ\ LPSRUWDQW GHYHORSPHQWV concerning the Information Society since the 6XPPLW 7KH HYROXWLRQ RI ,&7 WHFKQRORJ\ DQG markets has been exceptionally rapid, and the The World Summit on the Information Society
:6,6 WRRN SODFH LQ WZR SKDVHV LQ *HQHYD LQ 'HFHPEHU DQG 7XQLV LQ 1RYHPEHU These resulted in four outcome documents – the Geneva Declaration of Principles and Geneva Plan of Action, the Tunis Commitment and the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society.1 Together, these IRXUGRFXPHQWVVHWRXWDYLVLRQIRUWKH,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ LGHQWLƄHG REMHFWLYHV IRU WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO community, and established a framework for the LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG IROORZXS RI :6,6 REMHFWLYHV by United Nations agencies and other stakeholders.
This report on the implementation of WSIS outcomes has been prepared by the secretariat of the UN Commission on Science and Technology IRU 'HYHORSPHQW &67' ,WV SXUSRVH LV WR DVVLVW WKH&RPPLVVLRQLQFRQVLGHULQJWKHUHYLHZRI:6,6 outcomes which it has been requested to make, through the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), to the General Assembly LQ 7KH UHSRUW VXUYH\V DYDLODEOH HYLGHQFH concerning the implementation of WSIS outcomes DQGWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\VLQFH ,W GUDZV RQ D YDULHW\ RI VRXUFHV LQFOXGLQJ D PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU RSHQ FRQVXOWDWLRQ SURFHVV implemented between June and October 2014.
Preparation of the report has been supported by LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHUW DGYLFH DQG LQSXWV IURP RWKHU United Nations agencies.
This introductory chapter describes the outcomes WKDW ZHUH VHW RXW LQ WKH 6XPPLWpV IRXU RXWFRPH GRFXPHQWV LGHQWLƄHV WKH PHWKRGRORJ\ DQG VRXUFHVXVHGIRUWKLVUHSRUWDQGVXPPDUL]HVWKH SURFHVVHVIRUWKH:6,6UHYLHZ
A. THE WORLD SUMMIT ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
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the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in FRQMXQFWLRQ ZLWK RWKHU 81 DJHQFLHV (DFK SKDVH of the Summit consisted of a series of preparatory PHHWLQJV 3UHS&RPV ZLWK H[WHQVLYH LQYROYHPHQW E\ VWDNHKROGHUV IURP JRYHUQPHQWV LQWHUQDWLRQDO RUJDQL]DWLRQV WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU FLYLO VRFLHW\
and the technical and academic communities,
FDSDELOLWLHV RI ,&7 QHWZRUNV DQG GHYLFHV DUH DV a result, much greater than they were ten years DJR :KLOH VRPH RI WKH FKDQJHV ZKLFK KDYH taken place were anticipated at WSIS, entirely QHZ FRPPXQLFDWLRQV PRGDOLWLHV DQG VHUYLFHV KDYH DOVR HPHUJHG FUHDWLQJ QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG FKDOOHQJHV IRU JRYHUQPHQW EXVLQHVV DQG RWKHU VWDNHKROGHUV 7KHVH KDYH LQƅXHQFHG WKH implementation of WSIS outcomes, as well as their interaction with other global economic and social trends.
$VZHOODVUHYLHZLQJSURJUHVVLQLPSOHPHQWLQJ:6,6 outcomes during 2015, the United Nations General
$VVHPEO\ ZLOO UHYLHZ SURJUHVV WRZDUGV DFKLHYLQJ WKH 0LOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV 0'*V DQG DGRSWLWVSRVWGHYHORSPHQWDJHQGDLQFOXG LQJ QHZ 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV 6'*V The relationship between WSIS implementation DQG WKLV ZLGHU GHYHORSPHQW DJHQGD LV DOVR DG dressed in this report.
B. THE WSIS OUTCOMES
The WSIS outcomes, which were set out in the GRFXPHQWVDJUHHGLQ*HQHYDDQG7XQLVIDOOLQWRVL[
main groups.
1. The vision of a people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society
At the heart of the WSIS outcome documents OLHV D YLVLRQ IRU ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ GHYHORSPHQW t WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\pV DVSLUDWLRQV DQG expectations for the future – which is encapsulated in the opening paragraph of the Geneva Declaration of Principles
We, the representatives of the peoples of the world … declare our common desire and commitment to build a people- centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society, where everyone can create, access, utilize and share information and knowledge, enabling individuals, communities and peoples to achieve their full potential in promoting their sustainable development and improving their quality of life, premised on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and respecting fully and upholding the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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2. The WSIS Targets
Much discussion about the Information Society – before, during and after WSIS – has concerned the oGLJLWDOGLYLGHVpEHWZHHQWKRVHZLWKPRUHDFFHVVWR ICTs, and those with less, both between and within countries. The international community pledged DW :6,6 WR EULGJH WKHVH GLJLWDO GLYLGHV HQDEOLQJ HYHU\RQH WR EHQHƄW IURP DFFHVV WR ,&7V 7KLV REMHFWLYH ZDV VSHOOHG RXW LQ WKHGeneva Plan of ActionLQWHQWDUJHWVFRQFHUQHGZLWKFRQQHFWLYLW\
LQJHQHUDODQGZLWKDFFHVVWR,&7VZLWKLQVSHFLƄF SXEOLFVHUYLFHV9 The Tunis Agenda also endorsed the establishment of multifactorial indices to measure the emergence of Information Societies DWWKHQDWLRQDOOHYHO10 A Partnership on Measuring ,&7 IRU 'HYHORSPHQW ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ to facilitate the measurement of the Information Society, including WSIS Targets.11
3. The WSIS Action Lines
The Geneva Plan of Action HVWDEOLVKHG HOHYHQ Action Lines, building on principles and mandates set out in the Declaration of Principles. These ZHUH LQWHQGHG DV SODWIRUPV IRU PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU FRRSHUDWLRQ WR LPSOHPHQW :6,6 REMHFWLYHV LQ VSHFLƄF DUHDV RI WKH ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\ HDFK facilitated by one or more United Nations agencies.
One Action Line, concerned with the application RI,&7VLQGHYHORSPHQWZDVVXEGLYLGHGLQWRHLJKW subsidiary Lines, bringing the total to eighteen.
Implementation mechanisms for these Action Lines were established by the Tunis Agenda.12
4. Financial mechanisms
7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIDQ,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\UHTXLUHV LQYHVWPHQWLQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVHUYLFHVDQGKXPDQFD pacity. The Tunis Agenda acknowledged the central LPSRUWDQFHRILQYHVWPHQWLQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDGYRFDW ing national and international action to create an HQDEOLQJHQYLURQPHQWIRULQYHVWPHQWE\WKHSULYDWH sector, and urging cooperation between public and SULYDWH VHFWRUV LQ PHHWLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH QHHGV ,W FDOOHG IRU LQFUHDVHG LQYHVWPHQW DQG LQQRYDWLYH DS SURDFKHVWRƄQDQFLQJLQDQXPEHURIDUHDVLQFOXG LQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH FRQWHQW DQG FDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJ The Tunis Agenda also endorsed the establishment RIDYROXQWDU\'LJLWDO6ROLGDULW\)XQGWRFRPSOHPHQW H[LVWLQJƄQDQFLDOPHFKDQLVPV13
5. Internet governance
The Tunis Agenda VHW RXW DQ RYHUDOO IUDPHZRUN LQWHQGHGWRIDFLOLWDWHWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGJRYHUQDQFH RI WKH ,QWHUQHW EXLOGLQJ RQ H[LVWLQJ JRYHUQDQFH DUUDQJHPHQWV DQG WKH FRQFOXVLRQV RI WKH PXOWL VWDNHKROGHU:RUNLQJ*URXSRQ,QWHUQHW*RYHUQDQFH Within this framework, the AgendaLQYLWHGWKH8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDO WR LQLWLDWH WZR SURFHVVHV FRQFHUQLQJ,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFH
• D SURFHVV RI oHQKDQFHG FRRSHUDWLRQ f WR HQDEOHJRYHUQPHQWVRQDQHTXDOIRRWLQJWR carry out their roles and responsibilities in in ternational public policy issues pertaining to WKH,QWHUQHWpWKRXJKQRWLQoGD\WRGD\WHFK nical and operational matters, that do not im SDFWRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOSROLF\LVVXHVp14 and
• WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI D oPXOWLODWHUDO PXOWL VWDNHKROGHU GHPRFUDWLF DQG WUDQVSDUHQWp ,QWHUQHW *RYHUQDQFH )RUXP ,*) WR IXOƄO D number of purposes, including discussion of public policy issues related to the Internet, facilitation of discourse between entities con FHUQHGZLWK,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFHDQGEXLOG ing wider understanding of the Internet, its GHYHORSPHQWDQGHPHUJLQJLVVXHV15
6. Multi-stakeholder implementation and cooperation
The Tunis AgendaHQYLVDJHGWKDWDOOVWDNHKROGHUV participating in the Summit would take responsibility IRU LPSOHPHQWLQJ RXWFRPHV DQG HPSKDVL]HG WKH YDOXH RI PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU FRRSHUDWLRQ o%XLOGLQJ DQ LQFOXVLYH GHYHORSPHQWRULHQWHG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\p LW VDLG oZLOO UHTXLUH XQUHPLWWLQJ PXOWL VWDNHKROGHUHIIRUWpLQFOXGLQJoHIIHFWLYHFRRSHUDWLRQ DPRQJ JRYHUQPHQWV SULYDWH VHFWRU FLYLO VRFLHW\
and the United Nations and other international RUJDQL]DWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU GLIIHUHQW UROHV DQG UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV DQG OHYHUDJLQJ RQ WKHLU H[SHUWLVHfp A WSIS Stocktaking Database was established to gather examples of WSIS implementation by different stakeholders.17
C. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES BY UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
The Tunis Agenda requested the United Nations
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implementation of WSIS outcomes in 2015. In -XO\ WKH *HQHUDO $VVHPEO\ UHVROYHG WKDW WKLVRYHUDOOUHYLHZVKRXOGEHXQGHUWDNHQWKURXJK oD WZRGD\ KLJK OHYHO PHHWLQJ RI WKH *HQHUDO
$VVHPEO\WREHSUHFHGHGE\DQLQWHUJRYHUQPHQWDO preparatory process that also takes into account LQSXWVIURPDOOUHOHYDQWVWDNHKROGHUVfp7KLV+LJK /HYHO 0HHWLQJ ZLOO EH FRQYHQHG LQ 'HFHPEHU 2015.19
The Tunis AgendaJDYHWKH(&262&UHVSRQVLELOLW\
IRU RYHUVHHLQJ WKH V\VWHPZLGH IROORZXS RI 6XPPLW RXWFRPHV DQG DVNHG LW WR UHYLHZ WKH mandate and composition of the CSTD in order to facilitate this.20
,QWKH(FRQRPLFDQG6RFLDO&RXQFLOWDVNHG WKH&67'WRDVVLVWLWLQWKLVZRUNUHTXHVWLQJLWWR
a) Review and assess progress at the interna- WLRQDO DQG UHJLRQDO OHYHOV LQ WKH LPSOHPHQ tation of action lines, recommendations and commitments contained in the outcome GRFXPHQWVRIWKH6XPPLW
b) Share best and effective practices and lessons learned and identify obstacles and constraints encountered, actions and initiatives to over- come them and important measures for fur- ther implementation of the Summit outcomes;
c) Promote dialogue and foster partnerships, in coordination with other appropriate United Nations funds, programmes and specialized agencies, to contribute to the attainment of the Summit objectives and the implementa- tion of its outcomes and to use information and communication technologies for devel- opment and the achievement of internation- ally agreed development goals, with the par- ticipation of Governments, the private sector, civil society, the United Nations and other in- ternational organizations in accordance with their different roles and responsibilities.21 In a further resolution in 2013, the Council asked WKH&67'
… to collect inputs from all facilitators and stakeholders and to organize, during its seventeenth session, in 2014, a substantive discussion on the progress made in the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit, and to report thereon, through the Council, to the General Assembly as it makes an overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit in 2015;
… to submit, after its eighteenth session, the results of its 10-year review of progress made in the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit, through the Council, to the General Assembly as it makes an overall review of the implementation of the outcomes of the World Summit in 2015.22
7KLV UHVROXWLRQ ZDV UHDIƄUPHG E\ WKH &RXQFLO LQ 2014.23
,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH &67' WHQ\HDU UHYLHZ RI :6,6 requested by the ECOSOC, a number of other SURFHVVHV KDYH EHHQ XQGHUWDNHQ ZLWKLQ WKH 81 V\VWHPLQWKHUXQXSWRWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV*HQHUDO
$VVHPEO\pVRYHUDOOUHYLHZ
• In February 2013, UNESCO hosted a con IHUHQFH o7RZDUGV .QRZOHGJH 6RFLHWLHV IRU 3HDFH DQG 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQWp FR RUJDQL]HGZLWKWKH,7881&7$'DQG81'3 This agreed a Final Statement, Information and Knowledge for All: an expanded vision and a renewed commitment,24 which was VXEVHTXHQWO\DGRSWHGE\81(6&2pV*HQHUDO Conference.25
• ,Q-XQHWKH,78KRVWHGDPXOWLVWDNH KROGHU:6,6+LJK/HYHO(YHQWFRRUJDQ L]HG ZLWK 81&7$' 81'3 DQG 81(6&2 which adopted two WSIS+10 Outcome Doc- uments, a Statement on the Implementation of WSIS Outcomes and a Vision for WSIS Be- yond 2015.
• In June 2014, the Partnership on Measur LQJ ,&7 IRU 'HYHORSPHQW SXEOLVKHG LWVFinal WSIS Targets ReviewZKLFKDQDO\VHGDYDLO DEOHVWDWLVWLFDOHYLGHQFHFRQFHUQLQJSURJUHVV towards the WSIS Targets.27
D. METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES
7KH IRXU :6,6 RXWFRPH GRFXPHQWV SURYLGH WKH foundation for the analysis in this report, which also incorporates the outcomes of the three WSIS+10 UHYLHZSURFHVVHVLGHQWLƄHGDERYH7KHUHSRUWKDV been prepared by the CSTD secretariat to assist the
&67'LQSUHSDULQJLWVUHYLHZRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ of WSIS outcomes for the United Nations General Assembly. It also draws on a wide range of other sources.
The United Nations General Assembly and the (&262& KDYH DGRSWHG DQQXDO UHVROXWLRQV concerning Assessment of the progress made in the implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society and concerning Information and communication technologies for development, ZKLFK KDYH SURYLGHG WKH IUDPHZRUN IRU 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV DFWLYLW\ IROORZLQJ :6,6 Reports by UN agencies and some other international VWDNHKROGHUV KDYH EHHQ VXPPDUL]HG LQ DQQXDO UHSRUWVE\WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDO29 5HJXODU UHYLHZV RI VSHFLƄF $FWLRQ /LQHV KDYH been undertaken during annual meetings of the :6,6)RUXPDQGDUHVXPPDUL]HGLQ:6,6)RUXP SXEOLFDWLRQV ZKLOH WKH ,78 DQG 81(6&2 KDYH SXEOLVKHGFRPSUHKHQVLYHVXPPDULHVRIWKHLU:6,6 LPSOHPHQWDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV30 Annual meetings of the ,*)KDYHEHHQVXPPDUL]HGLQ&KDLUpVUHSRUWVDQG UHYLHZHGE\LWV0XOWLVWDNHKROGHU$GYLVRU\*URXS as well as open consultations.31
0LGWHUPUHYLHZVRI:6,6RXWFRPHVZHUHSXEOLVKHG E\VHYHUDO81DJHQFLHVLQLQFOXGLQJWKH ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report for 2010, Monitoring the WSIS Targets,32 a report by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for 'HYHORSPHQWWKDWSUHVHQWHGDVWDWLVWLFDOIUDPHZRUN for Measuring the WSIS Targets,33 summaries of WKH :6,6UHODWHG ZRUN RI WKH ,78 DQG 81(6&234 DQGDFRPSUHKHQVLYHPLGWHUPUHYLHZE\WKH&67' Implementing WSIS Outcomes.35 The CSTD has also considered reports concerning WSIS outcomes at its annual sessions and intersessional panels.
A number of United Nations Summits concerned ZLWK ZLGHU GHYHORSPHQW LVVXHV DUH UHOHYDQW WR WKH UHYLHZ RI :6,6 RXWFRPHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH 81 6XPPLW RQ WKH 0LOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV WKH 81 &RQIHUHQFH RQ /HDVW 'HYHORSHG Countries (2011) and the UN Conference on 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW 5LR 7KH UHSRUWKDVGUDZQRQWKHVHDQGRQZRUNWRGHYHORS 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV 6'*V DQG WKH SRVWGHYHORSPHQWDJHQGDZKLFKWKH8QLWHG Nations General Assembly is expected to adopt in 2015.
A great deal of analytical literature has been published since WSIS concerned with ICTs and WKHLUDSSOLFDWLRQWRGHYHORSPHQWDQGZLWKVSHFLƄF aspects of WSIS implementation. This includes SXEOLFDWLRQVDQGUHSRUWVIURP
• LQWHUJRYHUQPHQWDO DJHQFLHV LQFOXGLQJ 81 VSHFLDOL]HGDJHQFLHVUHJLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQV DQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOƄQDQFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQV
• LQWHUQDWLRQDO PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU SULYDWH VHF WRUDQGFLYLOVRFLHW\RUJDQL]DWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ WKRVH FRQFHUQHG ZLWK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI the Internet, and with economic and social GHYHORSPHQWDQG
• research institutes and academic depart ments.
7KLVOLWHUDWXUHKDVEHHQUHYLHZHGGXULQJSUHSDUDWLRQ of this report, though it is not possible in the space DYDLODEOHWRH[SORUHWKHULFKGLYHUVLW\RIDQDO\VLVWKDWLW contains. Particular attention has been paid to reports E\ PXOWLODWHUDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO PXOWLVWDNHKROGHU RUJDQL]DWLRQV $ VHOHFWLRQ RI UHOHYDQW UHSRUWV DQG other publications is included in the bibliography.
An open consultation process was initiated by the CSTD secretariat in June 2014. All stakeholders ZHUH LQYLWHG WR FRQWULEXWH WKHLU H[SHULHQFHV YLHZV DQGSULRULWLHVWRWKH&67'WHQ\HDUUHYLHZRI:6,6 by responding to an online questionnaire, and to IRUZDUGFRSLHVRIUHOHYDQWOLWHUDWXUHWRWKHVHFUHWDULDW As well as detailed input concerning their own work, WKHFRQVXOWDWLRQJDYHVWDNHKROGHUVWKHRSSRUWXQLW\
WR FRQWULEXWH WKHLU H[SHULHQFH YLHZV DQG SULRULWLHV on broad issues of WSIS implementation and ,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\GHYHORSPHQW)RUPDOLQYLWDWLRQV WRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHUHYLHZZHUHLVVXHGWRPHPEHUVRI WKH&67'WR0HPEHU6WDWHVRIWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV to the facilitators of WSIS Action Lines, to UNGIS agencies and to those UN and other agencies that FRQWULEXWHWRWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDOpV annual report on WSIS outcomes.
The online open consultation lasted from 27 -XQH WR 6HSWHPEHU 1LQHW\
VL[ FRQWULEXWLRQV ZHUH UHFHLYHG LQFOXGLQJ FRQWULEXWLRQV E\ JRYHUQPHQWV DQG JRYHUQPHQWDO DJHQFLHV E\ LQWHUQDWLRQDO RUJDQL]DWLRQV DQG LQ WRWDO IURP FLYLO VRFLHW\ SULYDWH VHFWRU DQG technical and academic respondents.37 These KDYH EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG LQ WKLV UHSRUW DORQJVLGH WKH ZULWWHQ FRQWULEXWLRQV PDGH WR WKH 0XOWL stakeholder Preparatory Platform that preceded WKH:6,6+LJK/HYHO(YHQW
A number of open discussion sessions were RUJDQL]HGDVSDUWRIWKHFRQVXOWDWLRQDWLQWHUQDWLRQDO HYHQWVGXULQJIRFXVHGRQSDUWLFXODUUHJLRQV 7KHVHLQFOXGHGVHVVLRQVGXULQJ
• WKH :6,6 +LJK /HYHO (YHQW KHOG LQ *H QHYDLQ-XQH
• WKH$IULFDQ,QWHUQHW*RYHUQDQFH)RUXPKHOG LQ$EXMD1LJHULDLQ-XO\LQDVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK(&$
• WKH JOREDO ,QWHUQHW *RYHUQDQFH )RUXP KHOG in Istanbul, Turkey in September 2014, in cluding a separate workshop in association ZLWK(&/$&
• WKH,&7$OOHYHQWKHOGLQ7XQLVLQ6HSWHPEHU LQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWK(6&:$
• the World Congress on Information Technolo gy (WCIT) 2014 of the World Information Tech QRORJ\ DQG 6HUYLFHV $OOLDQFH :,76$ KHOG LQ
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• the ICT Committee meeting of the UN Eco QRPLF &RPPLVVLRQ IRU $VLD DQG WKH 3DFLƄF (6&$3KHOGLQ%DQJNRN7KDLODQGLQ2FWREHU 2014.
$ ƄUVW GUDIW RI WKLV UHSRUW ZDV GLVFXVVHG DW WKH intersessional panel of the CSTD which was held in
*HQHYDLQ1RYHPEHU&67'PHPEHUVDQG other stakeholders were asked to make further FRPPHQWV DQG SURYLGH XSGDWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ ZULWLQJ 7KH UHSRUW ZDV ƄQDOL]HG IROORZLQJ WKLV during January 2015.
E. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
7KLVUHSRUWLVGLYLGHGLQWRQLQHFKDSWHUV)ROORZLQJ WKLVLQWURGXFWLRQ
&KDSWHUDVVHVVHVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHRYHUDOO :6,6 YLVLRQ RI oD SHRSOHFHQWUHG LQFOXVLYH DQG GHYHORSPHQWRULHQWHG ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6RFLHW\p GHYHORSPHQWV VLQFH :6,6 FRQFHUQLQJ WKH relationship between the Information Society, GHYHORSPHQWDQGKXPDQULJKWVDQGWKHLQWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ :6,6 RXWFRPHV DQG WKH SRVW GHYHORSPHQWDJHQGD
&KDSWHU VXPPDUL]HV HYLGHQFH FRQFHUQLQJ progress towards the WSIS targets established in the Geneva Plan of Action.
&KDSWHU GHVFULEHV WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI ,&7 WHFKQRORJ\ DQG VHUYLFHV VLQFH :6,6 DQG WKH implications of this for implementation of WSIS outcomes.
&KDSWHU VXPPDUL]HV ZRUN XQGHUWDNHQ ZLWKLQ the WSIS Action Lines, concerned with aspects of WKH,&7VHFWRUDQGLWVDSSOLFDWLRQLQGHYHORSPHQW ZKLFK ZHUH LGHQWLƄHG LQ WKHGeneva Declaration of Principles, elaborated in the Geneva Plan of Action and supported by implementation arrangements in the Tunis Agenda. It considers FKDQJHVWKDWKDYHWDNHQSODFHVLQFH:6,6LQWKH FRQWH[WIRUWKHLUZRUNDQGVXPPDUL]HVWKHVWHSV WRZDUGV oIXUWKHU HQKDQFLQJp RI WKHVH WKDW ZHUH DJUHHGDWWKH:6,6+LJK/HYHO(YHQWLQ
&KDSWHU GHVFULEHV GHYHORSPHQWV FRQFHUQLQJ ƄQDQFLDOPHFKDQLVPVIRUWKH,QIRUPDWLRQ6RFLHW\
Chapter 7 describes the implementation of WSIS RXWFRPHV DQG UHODWHG GHYHORSPHQWV FRQFHUQLQJ ,QWHUQHWJRYHUQDQFH
&KDSWHU VXPPDUL]HV WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI :6,6 RXWFRPHV E\ GLYHUVH VWDNHKROGHUV DQG FRQVLGHUVSURJUHVVLQDFKLHYLQJPXOWLVWDNHKROGHU partnership and dialogue.
&KDSWHUVXPPDUL]HVWKHUHSRUWDVDZKROHDQG makes a number of suggestions for consideration E\ WKH &RPPLVVLRQ ZKHQ SUHSDULQJ LWV WHQ\HDU UHYLHZRIWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI:6,6RXWFRPHV for the United Nations General Assembly.
