Abstract IP Multicast group addresses in the to range are designated as source-specific multicast destination addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific multicast applications and protocols

FEC yields an expected number of transmissions that is close to one, since there are few links in the multicast tree and the link loss probability q = 10 ,5 is very low, compared to q

Despite the fact that the IEFT has proposed many solutions based on MIPv6 and PMIPv6, there still exists many problems like tunnel convergence, service performance

As noted in the previous section, the ADD_PARTY/DROP_PARTY signaling load created by membership changes in VC Mesh based groups goes up as the number of cluster members

Specifically, the secure multicast requirement is the necessity for multiple users who share the same security attributes and communication requirements to securely

"An entry (conceptual row) in the list of next-hops on outgoing interfaces to which IP multicast datagrams from particular sources to a IP multicast group address are

This space is referred to as the EGLOP (Extended GLOP) address space. A receiver will be forwarded data sent to a host group by any source. Moreover, even when

If a system does not receive successive KEEPALIVE and/or UPDATE and/or NOTIFICATION messages within the period specified in the Hold Time field of the OPEN message, then

The Prune(S,G) Downstream state machine on interface I MUST transition to the NoInfo (NI) state and MUST unicast a Graft Ack message to the Graft originator..