• Aucun résultat trouvé

永宁摩梭话(纳语)长篇语料的记录整理与研究工作

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "永宁摩梭话(纳语)长篇语料的记录整理与研究工作"

Copied!
33
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

Alexis Michaud

level tones CNRS LACITO alexis.michaud@vjf.cnrs.fr alexismichaud@126.com • • (l t mi - æ -l mv )

Guillaume Jacques and Alexis Michaud, “Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages: Naxi, Na and Laze,” Diachronica 28, no. 4 (2011): 468-498.

(2)

contour tones

CNRS-LACITO

CNRS-LACITO

Philip Rose, “Acoustics and phonology of complex tone sandhi: An analysis of disyllabic lexical tone sandhi in the Zhenhai variety of Wu Chinese,” Phonetica 47 (1990): 1-35; Philip Rose, “Cantonese citation tones,” in Vocal fold

physiology: Controlling complexity and chaos, ed. Pamela Davis and Neville Fletcher (San Diego, 1995), 307-324;

Alexis Michaud, “Final consonants and glottalization: new perspectives from Hanoi Vietnamese,” Phonetica 61, no. 2-3 (2004): 119-146; Marc Brunelle, “Tone perception in Northern and Southern Vietnamese,” Journal of Phonetics 37 (2009): 79-96; Marc Brunelle, Nguy n Kh c Hùng, and Nguy n Duy D ng, “A Laryngographic and Laryngoscopic Study of Northern Vietnamese Tones,” Phonetica 67, no. 3 (2010): 147-169; Martine Mazaudon, “On tone in Tamang and neighbouring languages: synchrony and diachrony,” in Proceedings of the symposium “Cross-linguistic studies

of tonal phenomena: Tonogenesis, Japanese Accentology, and Other Topics,” ed. Shigeki Kaji (Tokyo: Tokyo University of

Foreign Studies, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 2005), 79-96; Martine Mazaudon and Alexis Michaud, “Tonal contrasts and initial consonants: a case study of Tamang, a ‘missing link’ in tonogenesis,” Phonetica 65, no. 4 (2008): 231-256.

Jackson T.-S. Sun , “Variegated tonal developments in Tibetan,” in Language variation: papers on

variation and change in the Sinosphere and the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff, ed. David Bradley et al.

(Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2003), 35-51; ) 25, no. 1

(2005): 50-59 ; 25, no. 1 (2005): 50-59 ; Larry M.

Hyman, Kuki-Thaadow: an African tone system in Southeast Asia (Berkeley: UC Berkeley, 2007); Alexis Michaud and He Xueguang, “Reassociated tones and coalescent syllables in Naxi (Tibeto-Burman),” Journal of the International Phonetic

Association 37, no. 3 (2007): 237-255; Jonathan Evans, “‘African’ tone in the Sinosphere,” Language and Linguistics 9, no. 3

(2008): 463-490; Guillaume Jacques, “Tonal alternations in the Pumi verbal system,” Language and Linguistics 12, no. 2 (2011).

Liberty Lidz, “A descriptive grammar of Yongning Na (Mosuo)” (University of Texas, Department of linguistics, 2010), https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2643/LIDZ-DISSERTATION.pdf; Liberty Lidz, “Evidentiality in Yongning Na (Mosuo),” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 30, no. 2 (2007): 45-87;

(3)

http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/archivage/presentation_en.htm LACITO

XML Unicode Dublin Core OLAC LACITO

LACITO

Bahing Chang Naga Hayu Japhug Koyi Rai Lahu Limbu Tamang Thulung Rai

Boyd Michailovsky, Alexis Michaud, and Séverine Guillaume, “A simple architecture for the fine-grained documentation of endangered languages: the LACITO multimedia archive” (presented at the Oriental-COCOSDA 2011, October 26th-28th, 2011, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2011; http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00620893/).

Boyd Michailovsky, La langue hayu, ed. Sylvain Auroux, Sciences du langage (Paris: CNRS Editions, 1988); Boyd Michailovsky, “Hayu,” in The Sino-Tibetan Languages, ed. Graham Thurgood and Randy LaPolla (London & New York: Routledge, 2003), 518-532; , ( : , 2008); Martine Mazaudon, “Tibeto-Burman tonogenetics,” Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 3, no. 2 (1977): 1-123; Martine Mazaudon, “From discourse to grammar in Tamang: topic, focus, intensifiers and subordination,” in Language Variation: Papers on variation and change in

the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff, ed. David Bradley et al., Pacific Linguistics (Canberra:

A.N.U., 2003), 145-157; Martine Mazaudon, “Tamang,” in The Sino-Tibetan languages, ed. Graham Thurgood and Randy LaPolla (London: Routledge, 2003), 291-314; Mazaudon, “On tone in Tamang and neighbouring languages: synchrony and diachrony”; James A. Matisoff, The Grammar of Lahu, Linguistics 75 (Berkeley/ Los Angeles/ London: University of California Publications, 1973); James A. Matisoff, The Dictionary of Lahu, University of California Publications in Linguistics 111 (Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988).

André Martinet, La Description phonologique avec application au parler franco-provençal d’Hauteville (Savoie) (Genève: Droz, 1956); Luc Bouquiaux and Jacqueline Thomas, Enquête et description des langues à tradition orale, vol. 2nd edition 1976 (Paris: Société d’études linguistiques et anthropologiques de France, 1971); Paul Newman and Martha Ratliff,

(4)

(interlinear morphemic glossing)

(Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus STEDT http://stedt.berkeley.edu/

F4 M23

F4

(5)

LACITO http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/archivage/languages/Na_en.htm http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/archivage/languages/Laze_en.htm http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/archivage/languages/Naxi_en.htm 1986 /d p / “ ” , “ ” ( , 1985), 103-196 .

(6)

2007

404

2006 2007 2008

(7)
(8)
(9)

/ si / 1986 114 [ ] 1984 [ ] 170-171

(10)

309 1950 2006 tone groups <位 <位 pi -h <pi > pi 1 i - i d u , ni gv - i ts mv : …… “ ” / 2 - i - d u t i , <mmm…> ni pi - i ts mv , æ æ q w d u , -gi ! ……

(11)

3 k v mi u m - -h d u , « k v n u m - , mv mi w m -ki » pi -h d u

……“ ”

……/ “ ”

4 tse i -zo ni pi -h <pi >? k v mi u m - -h d u ,

? …… = …… 5 zo no , mv z -ni mi -bv <t > [ w ] i ts mv ! / 6 <ni ...> mv z -ni mi -z t i i - i … …… 7 æ mv d u , i - i , d i u k v æ -h - i ts mv ! =

8 d i u k v æ h ! t i d i u t i -dzi … t i -dzi d u ! so k v l -m -ts ts mv .

……

(12)

10 t i , æ mv l -m -ts , d u t i

11 æ mv -v d u , zo qo h -ze , l - -ze , m -do , pi -zo t i , go mi h -ki -ki , ts mv

“ ”

=

12 go mi h -ki -ki , d u t i , t v i , d u , <mmm…> æ mv , d u t i , ……

13 k v mi - t i , t v i d u , go mi h -ki -ki , pi , -di -qo t v , d u t i k v mi d u t i , …… = 14 <æ mv , i -kv …> k v mi -l æ mv d u , k v l - æ , l - æ -zo , d i n mi u t v qo l -ts d u , qo q - u t v - i ts mv ! 15 k v mi - l -se -h , qo q - u t v -h , d u t i , < …> ……

(13)

17 t i , k v mi - , t i , <l …> l -se , l -se , l -se -zo , qo q - l -bæ , l --bæ , l --bæ , l --bæ -zo , t i , 18 go mi t i -ki -h - i u h , ts mv . 19 t i , go mi t i -ki -h - i u t v , d u t i , <g...> …… 20 k k t i , h = æ h bæ d u , t i -dzi -k ts mv . 21 k v mi - , -ts o - , u h d u , « tse v -k v , no mv t u se ! » pi ts mv , t i , “ ” 22 h bæ -t i t i , k v mi l -di , k v mi - m -h , pi ts mv . = 23 « tse v -k v », pi , -nj m -h , k v mi - mæ qo t i -dzi - t i -dzi , pi ts mv . “ ”

(14)

24 t i , h bæ -t i -t k k t i -dzi -k ts mv . 25 t i -dzi -k d u t i , æ mv -v d u , p u t i -h ts mv . 26 « h mi -v -p æ di -zo ! » t i , <t ...> “ ” 27 « h mi -h t v -v l -di , mv t u kw , k v mi l -di mv t u kw , -k v mi -j ts i i tso i - i », pi -zo , ni w - i , ts mv . “ ” 28 t i , d u , gi d u , t i , h = æ t i , æ mv t i , < dze > [ æ ] m -h , t i -dzi -k ts mv . …… = 29 t i -dzi -k , mæ qo dzi -k , ts mv . =

(15)

=

31 < … -h d u , u q w … qo ,> -h < u q w dzi -k > [g dz dzi -k ]; t i -h , mæ qo dzi .

…… “ ”

32 ni , -dzi , -dzi , -dzi , -dzi - , æ mv d u , mæ qo ! mæ qo t v , ts mv . / i mi /“ ” 33 mæ qo t v , d u t i , < …> t i , w , t i -dzi -se , d u t i , < …> h dz -hu -ze , ts mv ! h dz -hu ! 34 p v i -hu -ze , ts mv ! = 35 p v i , h dz d u , i - i d u t i , 36 e , bu - o - , -p æ , - - - hæ -kv -ze mæ ! -h -ki d u , -h t i -ki ;

(16)

37 t i -h -ki d u , t i -h t i -ki . ni i , d u t i , 38 -h -ki , l -q æ , l -q æ , l -q æ , mæ qo t v , d u , æ mv ki t v -kw t i <m - -h e ,> m -d -h , æ mv t i -h t v -k w i t i -ki -h , ts mv . 39 i i lo , pi -kv ts mv , -k w d u ! 40 t i , e l -q æ , mv dz t i , t i , l -wu -t u -t u , p v -ze , ts mæ ! = 41 p v , d u t i , k k , -h -t i -ki , w -q w ; -q w , -q w , -q w , -q w - -p v , w æ mv -ki -q w t i -p v , ts mv . = 42 t i , -q w t i -p v d u t i , <æ m...> h = æ d u , -hu -ze , ts mv .

(17)

43 g - i , zo no , « no ! nj ! » pi -zo , -gi ! -hu d u t i , æ mv - , g - i , ts mv !

“ ” =

44 t i , e æ -hu -ze , e ni æ ~ æ , -hu d u t i , æ mv -d u , “ ” 45 g - i ! ni -v -v g - i , mæ qo t v kw -t i -l , t i , æ mv -, æ mv -ki t v kw -t i -l -, æ mv ni pi ts mv : = 46 dz -g dz -m -g , <mmm…> k v mi no dz -h ! pi -zo , e v l -i -zo , k v m-i -k-i kw , ts mv . “ =“ ” ” 47 t i , < …> -q w d u , l - -zo , < …> l - i -kw -t i -l , « -g -m -lv , e n no -h ! » pi -zo , mv t u p v ts mv . …… “ =“ ” ”

(18)

48 t i , e mi ! tso i s i ! tso w i ! i - i , d u , i s , pi d u , ... hæ [- w ] i -ze mæ ! zo no d u , hæ [- w ] i -ze mæ , -gi !

= “ ” “ ” ……“ ” 49 i - i d u , « tso w i - i ! q ni -v i ! » pi -zo , ni w pi ts mv , k k h bæ -t i - . = “ ” 50 t i , <g...> s -h -v t i -d u , d u , -v d u , v v -ze , ts mv . 51 « e mi ! i - i , go mi <æ mv -go…> æ mv -v d u - i ts … d i n mi - u dzi , -so -k v gv -ze ,

“ ……

52 » t i , ts i i l -ts -zo -v i b ? » ni v v -ze , ts mv . ”

(19)

54 l bæ ts , zo , li d u , t i , æ mv d u , go mi l do kw t i l , g -i -ze , ts mv . = = 55 go mi do -kw -t i -l , g i -kw -t i -l , = 56 « dz -g dz -m -g , < …> k v mi no dz -h ! -g -m -lv , e n no -h ! », pi -zo , “ =“ ” =“ ” ” 57 -q w t i -p v -t i ; æ mv - , æ s t i -mv <mv >-t i -zo , g i p u ts mv ! 58 p u , d u t i , go mi d u , « æ mv i -ze », pi -zo , t i , <mmm...> “ ” 59 t i - v ts mv ! t i - v d u t i - v , « nj æ mv i , no nj æ mv i », pi , d u t i ,

(20)

“ …… ”

60 æ mv -ki , zo no , -s -kv , hæ - w l -pu -ts pi : ti tj lo -dz i - i ts mæ ! [æ mv -ki -lo dz wæ !] -gi !

= 61 t i , n - w pi d u , i lo m -d i -ze mæ ! 62 æ mv -ki ni i lo m -d i -ze mæ ! = (= 63 m -d -kw -t i -l , t i , æ mv æ i - i -ze mæ ! gv d i wæ - i -ze ! “ ” 64 m ! n - w pi -w , hæ - w <h…> æ i - i -ze mæ ! -gi ! “ ” 65 t i , n w pi <w > [d u ], æ mv d u gv d i wæ - i -ze !

(21)

“ ” 67 « lo m -s -ze ! » pi -kw -t i -l , æ mv - , æ s t i -mv -t i -zo , p u -h - i ts . “ ” 68 p u -h -kw -t i -l t i , go mi v d u , l v , l v , l v , l v , l -v -zo ! 69 t i s , ts mv ! t i s , pi t i , l - v l - v t i - - i -ze mæ , -gi ! …… 70 t i - -ze ts mv ! t i s -ze . 71 t i , -kw -t i -l , t i , h = æ : « e mi ! » -t : « æ mv i ze -hu », pi , gi g -tse h , l -tse m - - i ts mv . ……“ ” “ ” 72 t i , go mi t v -v - d u , g < v >[ i ], t i - v d u ;

(22)

73 æ mv - æ s -k w hæ , k t i -kw , go mi t i - wæ ts mv !

74 w -gi -bi v , æ s d u ni t i -mv -kv -mæ , i - i !

75 æ s d u , zo no p i æ pi - i mæ , hæ - w d u ! æ s ... ni -t i -mv , d u ,

“ ”

76 -k w -bi : « æ mv ! nj no t i -d u -h m -s -ze ! ts i i no i -hu , no h - l - i <-bi >[- i ]! m -fv t - i - , nj - m - i - i ! mi ! », pi ts mv .

“ “ ”

=

(23)

78 -go mi -ki -ki … -v d u : nj do d u ! < ...> d dz h -p æ -di -ze ! “ / ” 79 < …> nj m -g wæ », pi -zo , æ mv - hæ -t i -kw - i , ts mv . “ ” 80 æ s -k w -bi , lo q w -p u -bi v , æ s t i mv h --p æ hæ , t i -kw ! 81 go mi t i - wæ ts mv . 82 -p u -bi v , w -k w -hæ -t i -kw ! t i - wæ ts mv !

83 t i , go mi -p u -bi < v >[ v ]-bi -ze , t i - ts mv !

84 t i , l - d u , <l ...> t i , go mi d u t i s l - ! l - d u t i , æ mv h -ze , ts mv !

(24)

85 h , h d u t i , e mi ! -go mi d u , ni i ki t v i -hu ! < = > [u = ]go mi do , mmm… zo no , dz - i wæ -ze !

“ =

86 , dz <-zo > wæ -ze ! d i n mi - u dzi , -gi !

87 h n -ni gv i -ze !

88 di qo ts , d u , d i u -h n -ni gv i -ze mæ !

89 t i , h - d u , <n...> « zo ki dz i ze pi », æ mv d u , l æ i -k , ni h -kw -t i -l , t i , æ mv -v d u , t i , < …>

…… “

” ……

90 go mi l - ts mv !

(25)

” 1984

[ ] 180

92 so i -so h qæ ts mv !

93 so i -so h qæ , d u t i , l -qæ , mv -m -t !

94 t i , l -qæ , mv -m -t d u , t i , h - l -wu , æ mv -ki :

95 « mi ! no go mi d u l - -ze ! mi ! <no -nj … l -wu > no - d u , go mi -ki kw p -k w t i -l - ! mi ! » pi ts mv . “ ” 96 t i , æ mv d u , l - æ i , w , « ts -m - i -ze , go mi i , < -ki t , nv mi ...> -ki v v wæ », pi - i ts mv . “ < ……> ” 97 v v wæ , pi <-zo > t i , h - i ts mæ !

(26)

98 go mi t i -qæ -h t v qo t v -d u , t i , <mmm…> ……

99 æ mv - ni pi - i , ts mv :

100 < …> æ s -p æ hæ t i -kw . ……

101 <no … no ...> z d u , zo no , æ mv k i -so -k v gv -ze no æ mv m -s , bæ -ze . “ …… …… = 102 < …> æ mv no - u to m -fv -di m -d u . “ 103 < …> no e -h - i -ki m -fv i - i . “ 104 no -ki d u , m -fv -di m -d u . “

(27)

105 < …> no <nv mi fæ … ...> v v q æ , zo no , l qæ l mv », pi -zo , æ mv - ni pi - i , ts mv . “ …… ” 106 t i , æ s i -p æ hæ ! 107 go mi -ki qo t i -kw -kw -t i -l , go mi - t i , mmm… l -qæ l -se - i ts mv ! 108 t i -m - i , so i l so h qæ - i ts mv ! 109 so i ; so h ; l -qæ t i -kw , d u t i , mv -m -t , ts mv ! 110 t i , l - -kw -t i -l , t i , i - i , mmm… t i , nj -s -kv , zo no , l -qæ l -mv - i ts mv ! …… …… 111 n , pi , i di -di mi -h , pi -h d u , t i , “ ”

(28)

112 mi z d u h -ki -ki pi d u , mmm… æ æ ni pi - i mæ : 113 « mv mi w -m - , k v n u -m - », pi -h , d u , “[ ] ” = 114 <k v…> k v mi d u , nj le gv u -m -kv ts mv ! = 115 ki -m -kv ts mv ! -m -kv ts mv !

116 mi z d u , h -ki -ki l -h -h d u , t i , h -ki -ki , pi , l -bi d u , w -m -kv ts mv !

……

117 mv mi w -m - ; k v n u -m - : æ æ -t mv d u , ni -k w d u - i mæ !

(29)

119 nj æ -go mi - , h -ki -ki l - , pi , t i , - i -ki , zo no nj -s -kv n - d u , i di -di mi -n d u , t i t v i , pi zo , bi -zo -kv mæ !

=

120 p b -t l -pu , tso tso l -pu , no - pi -ni , bu æ l -pu ,

“ ”

“ ”

121 < …> tso tso l -pu , -ki t i t v -bi -kv -mæ !

122 t i , nj - - h pi d u t i , go mi h ki ki , pi d u t i , nj -s -kv , bu æ pu -m -kv mæ !

=

123 -s pu -m -bi ! -ki h dz -bi -kv -ze ! =

(30)

……

125 « s k v l - i -ze ! » pi d u , o pv -ti -zo -kv , ts mv : t « < z... > mi » pi , o pv ti ; “ ” “ ” 126 t i , s k v = d u , < u k d u , h dz ! pi mv >; s k d u , h dz ! pi -kv ts mv . ……“ = ” “ ” 127 « u k d u , h hw ! », pi -kv ts mv , i - i , t i , u k , s k , pi -h d u -kv ts mv ! “ ”

128 t i , s k -bi -kw -t i -l , t i , « æ.hi.hi! » l -k l -bi -zo -kv ts mv .

“ ” =

(31)

130 - i u l -bi -kw -t i -l , « s k v l i ze », pi , o pv -ti , t o pv -ti , -gi !

“ ”

131 h ni p æ , t v ni p æ , -t u kw ! o pv -ti -h -t i !

132 t i , h - « -ze ! -ze ! -ze ! » pi , ni p æ ! t v ni p æ ! kw -t i -l ,

= “ ”

133 - i to mi -ki , < u -k i t i -h -kw -t i ,> [ u k i -qo t v ], « æ.hi.hi! s k v l - i -ze ! » pi kw -t i -l ,

…… “ ”

134 zo no , to mi , u to mi , ... m -ki [to mi ] t i -di -m -di , -gi ! m! …… 135 to mi d -kv -ts -mv , qo -d , k i b <s > < -d > [ -d -t i --d ]! 136 « s k v l - i -ze ! » pi , “ ” 137 k i b l -d -se , w to mi d -kv , ts mv .

(32)

138 b ! b ! pi , to mi d d u t i , « -ze ! » pi , o pv -ti -kv ts mv !

“ ”

139 ze ! ze ! ze ! pi , o pv ti , pi , n d u t i , æ æ d u ,

“ ” ……

140 ni mi , zo no , go mi h ki ki , pi d u , ni mi i ze mæ , -gi ! “ ” /æ mv / “ + ” “ + ” brother sister 141 æ mv -go mi , pi -h d u t i , zo d u t i , ni mi -ki d u , go mi pi - i -ze -mæ ! “ ” “ ” 142 mv z i h , d u t i , < … n…> mv d u t i , mv z - i -h i , pi d u , zo -ki pi - i -ze mæ ! …… “ ” 143 t i , æ mv -go mi , mv z -ni mi pi . “ ” “ ”

(33)

145 ! æ æ d u ni w -kv mv ! 146 t i , m … nj si - w d i ! i - i ! = …… “ ” “ ”/ si / “ ” 147 m w ni do -m -d i ! =

148 z h t u - -t u , -gi ! tso m - i g - w -zo -kv mv !

149 si , nj si , <p ...> p t u -h -v - w -d i mæ ! i - i , nj -ki ! æ æ d u , ni gv -kv ! ni gv -kv !

Références

Documents relatifs

Dor Bahadur Bista, Professor and former Head of the Department: former Director of Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies; Diploma (Ethnography), University of London.. Krishna

1)   Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones relacionadas con el presente tema llevados a cabo en otros países, con el fin, así mismo, de poder

Papers in Southeast Asian linguistics No.14: Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas.. (Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National

Verb Complement Constructions in Chinese Dialects: Types and Markers. Languages and Dialects

K ey word s: m ed iev al Ch inese, Buddh ist sc rip tures, pa tient sub je ct clause, languag e contac,t Sanskr it Ch inese com parativ e analys is, effect pattern. QI Yuan tao,

Chapter 3 includes the development of a new framework for the emulation and cali- bration of stochastic computer simulators, where two approaches are explored: The first relies

[r]

Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Members States