'
1. UNITED NATIONS
E C O N O M I C
E / C N . I ~ / I I ~A N D
E/CN. I ~ / T R A N S / O ~SOCIAL COUNCIL
A u g u s t 1 9 6 1ORIGINAL: 3NGLISH
ECONObEC COBlMISSION FOR AFRICA WEST AFRICAN TRANSPORT C O N F W C E P r o v i s i o n a l Bgenda I t e m
7
I NO TO BE TAKEN OUT
A C T I V I T I X O F ECAFEi i n t h e f i e l d of
INLAND TRANSPORT AND COXLUNICATION ( ~ o a d ~ r a n s ~ o r t )
TABLE OF C O N T a T S
I General Review
I1
Work undertaken by t h e S e o r e t a r i a t i n the various f i e l d s of inland t r a n s p o r t and oommunioations Highways and highway t r a n s p o r tLow cost roads and s o i l s t a b i l i z a t i o n Training of motor d r i v e r s and meohanios Boonomics of highway engineering
Waterbound maoadam oonstruotion Bituminous roads
Highway s a f e t y
-
Engineering and t r a f f i c aspects Highway t r a n s p o r tThe Asian Highwax
I. General review
When t h e dconomic Commission f o r Asia and the F a r ~ d s t carnmenced
i t s work i n the f i e l d of inland transport, the asian inland t r a n s p o r t a t i ~ n s i t u a t i o n might be described a s one of over a l l shortages, although
vigoroua attempts were being made to develop and plan of c a p a c i t i e s i n many c o u n t r i s s of the region. Railway f a c i l i t i e s although t o some ex-
t e n t augmented i n the immediate postwar years irere s t i l l i n a d e q u ~ t e t o meet current and near f u t u r e demands, while highwzy networks whioh were being planned on a l a r b , r s c d e were s t i l l f a r below requirements, both i n length and i n pavement s t a n d a d s . Inland waterway t r m e ~ o r t , ,which played a n i m p o r t a n t .p&rt- - i n c e r t a i n countries of the r&on, could hardly be considered .as aaequate o r well-dcveloaed technically o r wall-organized i'ndustrially:. I n spite- of recent ei&nificmt a d d i tione t o e x i s t i n g networks arrd..the p W i a i a n of new: f a c i l i t i e s , even now t h e current t r a n s p o r t s i t u a t i o n cananly be' b m W y described: as 'one of contimuing capYcity shortages s g a i n s t a'btrcggmund ~ f ' & g e s o a l e p l a n i n g and implementstion of develo.pnent
projrrcts. ::.The :gsouring .dewand f o r transport t r i s i n g from the aoceler.a$f&
pa06r0f .&&Velopment~.in-:.most c o u n t r i e s of t h e region, and t h e n a t u r a l - g r g p t h of popu3aDioa are taxing a v a i l a b l e resources t o t h e maximum. This s i t u a t i o n , howev3r, i a -to- soma sxtan0:ralieved i n a few countries.. by t h e @+dual $1- round .m@tentation. o f c a , m i t y th. t has taken place wore ,recently. Con,?:
r 'f.inaruce 8n&' QatieniaLs, continued dependence on imported e q u i p e n & &ni most o o u n t s i e s and inadequate.maintenance and::repair f a c i l i t i e s , hawe not: only hampered expansion but tilao. made i t d i f f i c u l t t o achieve r e h a b i i i t a t i , ~ ..-.
and development targets.
The ragion has been f u r t h r h.mdi;a,,ed by t h e absence of i n t e r - n a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s o r a s s o c L t i c n s which could undertake technical i n v e s t i g a t i o n s o r imovide forums f o r t r a n s p o r t :xperts t o discuss teoh- n i c a l problems of common i n t e r , ? s t and pool knowledge and experience.
E/~X
. l 4 / l l 6%/CN - ,,*- 14/~FWs/03 , Pa.& ' 2
, <
. . . . . . . . . . .- . . .. . . .
The Commission had,':'thorefore, t o develop i t s work i n t h e context of the foregoing oonsider;tions, &d h a d t o : adapt it8;approech s o a s t o meet the requieements a s adequately a s possible. Although t h e Commission was:
i t s e l f s e t up i n 1947, f o r v..riOus reasons . i t . uss: not : u n t i l 1951 t h a t an Inland Transport Committee was::.e~tablishd&; this mas followed i n 1952. by t h e astabl48hment of t h m e sub-committees, namaly, Highways, Inland .iater-
w i t h : ' ~ n i t e d ~atioris"'Eureau of T-chnic..l a s s i s t d c e - : Ckparatiori (BTaQ) :a&:-:::
., f o r a group of inland waterway t r a h a w r t o f f i c i a l s : 09.: tho- oe@4k~...vhi~h:
v i s i t e d h o p e and t h e United S t s t e s of Bmerica. Th%'Wgave-& lea&, &ad l a t e r a group of s-nior railway operating and signalling o f f i c i d s a l s o
v i s i t e d Europe, Japan and United S t a t e s of nmerica on a study tour which
was
a l s o arranged i n co-operation with BThO. v A t h i r d study tour, agein f o r inland waterrra~r o f f i c i a l s , was arranged i n 1959 i n co-operation with BTAO t o etudy t a c h n ~ l o g i c a l deve10,ment i n &astern &mope ( t h e USSR and H U W ~ Y )as a d i r e c t r e s u l t of t h e recommendations of the railway study s o u p , t h e United Nations Regional Trainlng Centre f o r Railway Operating and S i g n a l l i n g O f f i c i a l s was e s t a b l i s h e d a t Lahore, Pakistan, i n 1954 ( i n co- operation with United Nations Technical Assistanoe Administration and the P w a t a n ~overnmant). Similarly, the tour of inland ws terway experts s t r e s s e d
t h e d e s i r a b i l i t y of u t i l i z i n g d i e s e l power and fooussed & t t e n t i o n on the shortage of t r a i n e d d i e s e l marine mechanics, to remedy which a t r a i n i n g oentre was, e+tablished i n Rangoon by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour Organization (IIXI) i n co-operation . . with ;CAI'@ and t h e . . . ,~ov&nrnent of Burma. This c e n t r e wae.ori&;;ally intended f o r Burmese nationals, . . but subsequ3ntly was expanded i
to inolyde. t r z i n e e s from other c o u n t r i s a . . . . . also. I t i s elso understood t h a t
. , , :
t h e recognie~dations made by both the , . inl.and . . . watprwey a d r b i l v a y ' . . . . . study
' . . , ~ . . .. :?,':
g o u p s t o . t h e i r r3spective governments . based . on t h e i r observ. t i o n s . ,. . during. . . . . '.:.. \ . .., :. L:.
t h e t o u r s have r e s u i t e d
.
. . i n , an improvgm~nt . . . . of o d e r ~ t i o n a l eff i,cic+noies., . .
It has a l s o become s t a n d a d pr,rdot.ice t o o r t ; ~ n a z e .
.
:.. stucly t o u r s fcllorring ,.pev.,tdnga of the Inland T r a n s p r t.
. and ~om&njc+tion ,. , . Committee and its sub-oommittges. I n t h i s connexion, ; a r t i c u l a r mention may be mhde of t h e t o u r s o f : t h e Railway Sub-Committee, which took place a f t e r the Bandung, P a r i s , Tokyo, New Delhi, Bangkok and Lahore sessions. These tours afforded op-
p o r t u n i t i e s t o t h e p a r t i c i , a n t s to study technologic,.l developments i n Ranee, Federal Republic of Garttnny, Federation of Lalaya, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Netherlends, Pakistan, Switzerland, Thailand and United Kingdom.
The s e c r e t a r i a t a l s o recoepized, a t a very e a r l y s t a g s , the advantages
, .
a r i s i n g from u t i l i z i n g the s . r v i c e s of n a t i o n a l e q e r t s i n connexion with s p e c i a l i z e d s t u d i e s and t k i s association has b e w a continuing sr.d sa growing
. / i i
process. Do-oper~tion and a s s i s t m c e has a l s o bean received from .. t h e .
s p e c i a l i z e d agencies such a s the ILO, FAO, I C C and o t h . r s 2nd 81s; from
. .
BTAO! B T ~ ~ I S asaistsnoe has not only' made i t possible ,to arrange &.ady tours but:has a l s o g r e a t l y helljed i n implemcnttng work p r o j e b t s r e q u i r i n g
. ..
f i n a n c i a l assistance.
The s e c r e t a r j a t h i s 'i*iso been c o h s t & ~ t l y i n v a i t i g a t i h g the p o s s i b i l i t y of developing i n t e r n a t i o n a l and regional co-operstion i n t h e p r o v i s i o n o f .
.
t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s . . O f f e r s t o t r a i n railiray and other t r h n s i o r t o f f i c i a l s
. . .
have been made by a number of countries both' frdm within and outside the region. some of the o f f e r s h a v e &en acc&ted, and t r a i n e e s from t h e region
.% have received . . and m e re'ceiving t r a i n i n g i n some of these countries. - S4ini'-
. .
l a r l y , t h e 6 e & c t & i a t has a l s o been a c t i v e i n promoting regional co-operation
.. .
i n the f i e l d of r e s e k c h . s f f o r t s d e beink made t o u t i l i s e , a s mubh a s
. , .:
extent 'possible, t h e rcsearoh f a c i l i t i e s bvailable on t h e railwzys of I n d i a
. , . . . . . , . ~
'md . Japan .
&
a regio&al' basis, &d very s h o r t l y a r e ~ i o n a l railway advisor. . . . ,...:,.,..
w i l l . . b e a & i ~ t e d (in' co-bp3rit=on..dth 'BFBO) to. cb-ordinzte t h 6 a c t i v i t i e s
. , , .. . . . , . ,
of the two rasearoh centres
~ n d
t o ' a s c e r t a i n t h e problimk r , - i , u i r f n g f l e l &. .
ii-ivest&ation .
-
a n d
r. search fi-om the r a i l w ~ y e of the r e & ~ ~ - ' ~ s & " t h k . t ~ ' t ~ ~ ~ ' ~ " ., . : . . .. ! ,
can .. b e , . . r e f & r e ~ . t o t h e centre best able t o undert,.ke this'-'t&ik. .bxi ' t h e :;.
!.<,, :,: A ; ; * ' :
highways and hi&:t;ay
trzds; b i t
side, the 2 o s i i b i l i t y o f making'us$'of the. . -
f a c i i i t i e s . . of the research centre i n t h e ~ h i l i p p i a e s , th e I n d i a Road Research
, , , ,
I n s t i t u t e i n New Delhi a d 'the J a y m e s s Rescarch Centre hcve also been
.? .:.: . . . .
examined. I n the f i e i d &f i n l a n d wcterways, i t i s undarstood t h a t a reseArch
: , . .
centr; w i l l be established i n .&t ~ a k i s t a n ; ' " ' h d &en t h i s i s don.., i > ?
. . . . . ,. ,
mibt
be possible t o use i t s f'&it'ies' ,. on a regional basis. Bsanvrhiie, ' ,.
a c t i o n ' h a e be:n t c k e i t o s e k t h i co-0,eration of t h e hydro1o;ical l e b & & o r j r of t h e Government of I n d i a and the t o s t i n g and research f a c i l i t i e s a v a i l a b l e i n Japan. Although research f a c i i i t i e s i n t h e f i e l d of t e l e c o ~ i c A t i o n -
w i l l have to be established more on
a
n a t i o n a l t h m & r e g i o n d . basis beaause-
of the wide v W i e t y of equipment used by t h e d i i i e r e n t countries, ~ s l l i n g f o r speoialized knowledge :. and exkarien0e with a p a r t i c u l a r type of equipment, attempts have bean made t o obtain h . l p from t i e teiecomw;mic..tion resda- .,. .
f a c i l i t i e s a v a i l a b l e both i n I n d i a and Jepan f o r t h e bunofit of the @t%Y
countries. . , . ~ , < ,,
, \, .. ~,
11. work und$rt::ken by the s e c r e t a r i a t i n t h e various f i e l d s of inland . .
t r a n s s r t m d cominunici.tions
-
Highways end h i p h a y t r a s p o r t
During the pstu:ar y s a s , highway t r a n s g o r t h,s lnorsbsed ellormd.Isly, though highway construction and t h e development of highway systems has not kept paoe. Planning and development of highrraya has a l s o s u f f e r e d owing t o the h a ~ d i c * ~ t h - t acourdte and complete d-ta on h i s way trhnsprt a d on e x i s t i n g highways a d th e r e l a t i v e cost and conditions of the d i i f e r e n t types of construction from simple d i r t , and s o i l s t a b i l i z e d and mag~darnized roads t o a s p h a l t and oonopate construction, a e n o t always avAlable. Con- sequently, a t t s n t i o n was given st a vssy e a r l y s t a g e t o the s t u d i e s on hi&way oonstruction and maintenance, zpd t o the qusstion of providin&
adequate reoords and i n v e n t o r i e s of e x i s t i n g highway assets. For t h i s - . . purpose, standard forms. were evolved f o r recording technical dhta o n hi.&- ways, bridges and o o n ~ m t e ~avements, and f o r t h e preparation of highway p r o j r c t s o h e u e s . The standard highway r e g i s t e r wrs 2180 ;om>iled .OF the following lines2
t o evaluate ourrent road a s s e t from t h e o r i g i n a l o o n s t r u ~ t i o n t o date;
. .
' , ,.
_
.,.t o determine t h e mount of moneyrequiredevery year'ror 'prvper and timely miintenance t o preserve the a s s e t and t o &ev-.,nt undue d e t e r i o r a t i o n by t r a f f i o and o t h e r s oaueae;
t o study the performance reoords of t h e v z i o u s types of
road surfaces under d i f f e r e n t t r a f f i c conditions and t o
.
examine . . ~ : . .t h e replacement of lower t y p pavercants not s u i t e b l e l o r t r a f f i c , by superior ty?e? th. t w i l l r3nder longer and s a t i s f , c t o r y . . . ssr-
.. . .
vioe, a t reduced naintandnce c o s t s ;
t o form the b a s i s f o r improvements i n dzsign and construction;
, . , . , . . .
t o f s c i l i t ~ t e a phased pogr;mme of improvemant fir e x i s t i n g
,.1
roads
in
the order of p r i o r i t y j u s t i f i e d by t r a f f i c dexnd;, , . . , , ., , . . . .
t o loo&te w95.k s p t s r e q u i r i n g a t t e n t i o n and t o take necessary
. . .
remedial n o ~ s u r e s ;
$/QT.1&/116 ,
~ ~ / T R A U ~ / O ~ Page 6
, ,
(7)
t o furnish, i n the , case of higher ty, e pavements such a s cement... -. . . . . . . . . . . , .
concrete, data f o r resedrch study and t o help . .~ i n . . the balanced
.- ~
and economical develognent of roads.
. . , . - ?.. , .
... . . . --. - ...
.Low cost roads and s o i l s t a b i l i z , t i o n
. . . . . .>
, I n view of t h e d i f f i c u l t i , s of financing t h e many projeots, roads t h z t a r e cheaper to ccinstntct, but ade@u;.te 'to me& immedi~te needs, - a r e of
' g r e a t i r n M t i n c e t o tHe. countries of t h e S C d i rezi6n. The e m ~ e t a r i a f
'&&a b#sn"oollecting d e t a i l e d information on standards adopted and wetha:b
. .
emplwed by countries of the r o g i o n a s well a s o u t s i d e o n t h e construcfion and: maintenance of such roads, a s well a s on r e s u l t s obtained from kabosatory t e s t s and f i e l d experiments conducted on s o i l s t s b i X z a t i o n . !l%Brerr~ults of t h e 2&cr&feria't's s t u d i e s were examined
i n
d e t ~ i l a t a Senik'ne3:'on:LorCost Roaifs and S o i l S t a b i l i z a t i o n which wee orga&zed with %he C o - 0 7 ~ ~ 6 t i o n
oP,
BTkC i n - N e w i'elhi e a r l y i n 1958. Xxperts from member and a s w l a t c i rnkmbei- s t a t e s , a s well a s n e t i o n s l and i n t z r n a t i o n d o r , ~ a n i z s t i o n s p a t i - 'oi?ated, i n t h e Seminar, and t h e r e p o r t of t h e Seminar waa - p r i n t e d t o serve a s a general reference a d guide bock f o r enginesrs engaged i n .ththe.tech- niques of low dost road construction end s o i l s t a b i l i z a t i o n ,Training of motor d r i v e r s 2nd mechanics
Realizing t h e importance of adequ-te standards of mzintenanoe and r e p a i r of motor vehicles a s a ?rime f a c t o r i n ensuring economic u t i l i z a t i o n of road t r a n s p o r t e q ~ p m e n t , which i s f o r t h e most p a r t imported from outside of t h e region, using scarce f o r e i g n exch;in,e resources, the s e c r e t & a t
...
c a r r i e d out s t u d i e s on t h i s subject. These, srmong o t h s r t h i n b s reveaied
<.
the need f o r t r e i n i n g d r i v e r s and mechanics"who a r e often i l l i t e r a t e o r
semi' i l l i t e r ~ t e . I t was r e a l i e e d thl.t,
if'
sckh t r i i n i n g w d i t o be e f f i c t i v e ,:., ,:.
i t . . should include n o t only varbal i n s t r u o t i o n s out z l s o s i m p l i f i e d w r i t t e n I“: . . i:.. .
i n s t r u c t i o n s with diegamm3s ;md,"'ihere necessary by demohstrati'ini. There-
.
~ ..,
f o r e , i n co-02eration with the ILO a s i m p l i f i e d ins.truction manu&for d r i v e r s and me;chanios was . r e p z e d a d printed i n Lnglish a& d i s t r i b u t e d
. ~ . .
t o governiAnts f o r t r a n s l ~ t i o n i n t i lot-1 lengua+s.'
he'
& & i t i o n manud. . .
. - h a s been prepared i n such w q t h - t t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e convayed more through i l l u s t r e t i o n s r a t h o r than by t h e -written word. A scaeme h a s a l s o been developed, i n co-operztion w i t h t h e ILO; t o provida demonstr,. t i o n
vans t o i m , a r t i n s t r u c t r o r ~ s through g r z ~ t i c a l audio-visual d e r ~ o n s t r 2 t i o n ; ~ ~ i n c l u d i n g f i l m s , s l i d o s and o t h e r v i s u d means.
Bconomi c s o f h i ghway an;ine?rinq
I n t h i s study t:le s e c r ~ t a r i a t reviewed i n d e t a i l t h , ~ gener.:l economic p r i n c i , l a s ES a p p l i e d t o highway sn,ineljring c o v e r i n g r o a d c o s t s , v e h i c l e c o s t s , b e n e f i t s , economic selec-Lion of c v e m i n t s u r f ~ c ? s , highway revenues a d o t l i = r s i m i l a r ~ . s , . ~ e o t s . & . t h e document h a s been found very u s e f u l by t h e _:&rnmelits o i t h o r e g i b n , i t it3 now b e i n g r e v i s e d and w i l l be re- p r o d u c e d ' i k y r i n t e d form i n t h e semi-annual T r a n s g o r t an2 C o m u n i c e t i o n s B u l l s t i n t o ensura w i d a s t dlstrr'outlon.
. .
.
.
Waterbound mac&dam c o n s t r u c t i o n :
Bituminous r o a d s . . . .. , .
A r i s i n g from t h e s e c r e t a r i a t ' s r e g o r t on i c o n ~ m i c s o f Xighway h . g i n e e r - i n g , t h e dighways and iiighwiiy T ~ a n s p o r t Sub-Committse, a t i t s second s e s s i o n i n September
1953,
recommenGea t h - t d t a i l e d s t u d i e s be ~ c i e of t h e following:( 1 ) waterbound mccadam,
.
.( 2 ) Mtuminous ro.:ds, , .
( 3 ) methods of hi,?:xc.y f i n a n c i n g end k d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
These recornmendationa were a,prcved by the I n l a n d . T r a n s p o r t and Con- municz.tions Committee and $ h . e , . C o ~ ~ i s s i o n . A s t u Q of x a t a r b ~ w d nacadam c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s ..ccordingly c a r r i e d o u t , and t h e r s , o r t , +rh!hich contkined p r a c t i c a l recgmmendations, has provided t h e b a s i s f o r f u r t h s r . n a t i o n 5 1 s t q d i e s which a r e now r o c e e d i n g i n t h e v z r i o u s c o u n t r i e s o f , t h e region.
The S e c r e t a r i k t h a s z l s o c o l l e c t e d and analyzed consider.@le, d a t z on v?ziou.i:
t e c h n i q u e s o f bituminous c o n s t r u c t i o n both w i t h i n and o u t s i d e t h e r z g i o n and i s a l s o compilin, a s t a n c a r d terminology i n co-o.~zration irith t h e Per- manent I n t e r n r t i o n a l A S S o ~ i a t i o n of Kcad Congress f o r u s e i n bituminous c ~ n s t r u c t i o n t o promote a n o r e u n i f o r m . ~ d e r s t a x l i n g of t e c h n i c a l terms.
~ / ~ ~ . 1 4 / 1 1 6 L/CN. 14/TR.+~5/03 Page 8
h comprehensive s t u d y on c o m p ~ r ~ . t i v e gethods of highway a d m i n i s t r c t i o n a d f i n a n c i n g has .been ccrri:<. c u t by t h e s e c r u t ~ r i ~ ~ t . a n d t h i s s t u d y was commended by t h e H i ~ h w a y s and Highway T r a n s p a r t Sub-Co:mmittee a t i t s f i f t h s e s s i o n a s a v a l u a b l e r e f e r e n c e work. I n o r d e r t o e n s u r e wid5 d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s docunent, i t i s being r2pri;Auced i n t h e T r a n s p o r t and Communications B u i l s t i n which i s now being i s s u e d twice a ye= i n p r i n t e d ik.rm.
. . . . . . .
Highway s a f e t s
-
&.&wering and t r a f f i c a s p e c t sOwing t o t h e r z p i d growth of motor t r a f f i c i n t h e postwm decadss, t h e e x p a n s i o n of u r b m a r a s o f t h e A C A S ~ reoion! and t h e r e s u i t i n k i n c r a s e
i n a c c i d e n t s i n v o i v i n g i n j u r i j s , . : l o s s of l i i e 2nd f i n m c i c l l o s s e s , t h e problem of hikhway s a f e t y h a s ausumed specit+ urgency. The Aitihv:ays a d Highway Trms,,ort Sub-Committee t h e r e f o r 3 racommended t h ~ t a Seminar be convened t o d i s c u s s t h e problem i p a l l i t s a s , e c t s cnd .)&e recommsndations.
The Seminar was h d l d a t Tokyo i n M a y 1957, and c o n s i d e r e d t h e dc;cumonts,
. . . .
prepzred by t h e s . c r e t a r i a t on e n g i n e e r i n g m d t r a f i i c a s p x t s of 'highway s a f e t y , t o g e t h e r with paimrs s p e c i a l l y ' propared by some governments and s p e c i a l i z e d i n s t i t u t i o n s c o v e r i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g a s p e c t s :
( i ) ' . a d m i n i s t r c t i v e s t r u c t u r e and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t r a f f i c s a f e t y
. . . .
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ,
( i i ) t h e i n f l u e n c e of Zuture i n c r e a s e s i n t r a f f i c and ' ~ e h i c l e
.
. . .r e g i s t r s t i o n s ,
.. .
( i i i ) - a c c i d e n t f a c t s and t h e i r im;lications,'. . . . . a
' ( i v ) o z p a c i t y of r u a d s and i n t e r s e c t i o n s , ~ . . .
. .
(v) t r a f f i c ~ ~ a r a t i o r ? ; . . '
( v i ) economic a s p e c t s o f t r a f f i c d G s i g n s n d o p e r a t i o n , a d
( v i f ) :' t r z i n i n g , educ..tion and p u b l i c i n 2 o r n a t i o n a s a f f e c t i n g - f r a f f i c s a f e t y .
-, The Seminzr mzde a numbsr of recommendstioils md, i n r e f w r i n g t o t h e i r n k o r t a n t r e s u l t s achisved i n sturly w a - k s o n t r a f f i c e n g i n e e r i n g o r g a n i z e d i n L b c p e , suggested XI. t ' s i m i i a r s t u d y weelis shoulrl 'be o r g ~ n i z e d i n t h i s rekj.cn. Bomb-y i n I n d i - r r h s s l e c t e d f o r t h e f i r s t s6udy ireel:, rihich w a s organized i n Octob-r 1959. The f o l l o w i n g t h s a e s were s e l e c t e d f o r speciGL study:
&/cN. 14/116
~ / G N . 1 4 / ~ & . l i ~ / 0 3 Page 9
. . . . . . .
; . ( 1 ) . g c c i d e n t s t u d i e s ; r o z d users,' .beh-..viour,
. . .
. . . ( 2 ) a c c i d e n t s t a t i s t i c s a d a c o i d e n t r e L . o r t s , ( 3 t r r r f f i c operdtion,. a d
. , .
( 4 ) .
f u t . q e t r c n d s ~ n d . t r a f f i c p r s d i c t i c n f o r planning urbcn and r u r a l r o a d s . . . .The r e p o r t o f t h e s t u d y week h a s been i s s u a d i n p r i n t e d form. k second study week w i l :e organized a t hlanilz., P h i l i p p i n e s , from 28 August t o
5
Seotember 1 9 6 1 a n d t h e f o l l o r r l n g s u b j e c t s w i l l b8 thken up f o r study:. . .
( 1 ) a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e s and c l i s t r i b u t i o n ; t r s f i i c sc.fety r e s p ~ n s i b i l i t i e s ;
( 2 ) t r a i n i n y , e d u c ~ t i o n and s u b l i c i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t r d f i c s a f e t y
. including: .. , .
. ( a ) . s t u d y . of psyoholc,g o f r o a d u e e r s ,
( b) ro;d s ~ f e t y e c u c a t i o n f o r t r a v d l e r s , c y c l i . s t s ,
. . . .
p + d o s t r i . a n s , :. . . . . . .
( c ) educiition i n r o r d s..fcty s t s . c h o o l s . .
( d ) . w @ J i c i t y popag,nda pampaigns f w tile mtorcement of
. . . .
h&ghway. co.des, and.
.. . . ..... . . . . . ... .. :: : t ! . . . . : : .
.
( e ) methqdq o f asees:$ing e f f o c t s ; of , u b l i c information ....and e d u c a t i o n on r o a d users' b e h z s i c u r ; and
... 8
( 3) t r s f f i c o p e r a t i o n s , t h e c o n t r o l and r e & u l - t i o n o f t r a f i i i c , t r a f f i c
. I . . . !,. . . . . . . . .
censuses and t h e measurei.:ents of speeds, weights, eto.,
v::.,': .~: : , . .
. . .
' k i s i n g from t h e r;commendrtiops o f ' t h e Seminar . . . . on Highway S a f e t y a t
. . .
. , . . . . .
... . . , . , . .
6okyo, t h e s e c r e t & i a t h d s a l s o , i n co-oderation with tile Goverprpent o f
_
, <:, ? .. . . . . . . . .. . ., : . .
.
. . .h s t & a l i a , 1 n d i a and t h e u n i t e h ~ & d & , been: : p r s p a r i n g a highway saf s t y
. ; , 7. . . . . . . . . . . , . ~ . . . .
manual which,"'on c & p l e t i o n a d p&ting, could be used i n e d u c i t i o n a l
~
i n s t i t u t i o n s . The manual i s axpsoted t o be r x d y s h o r t l y .
. . .
aiihway t r a n s ~ o r t
The Hishweys and
x i ,&iy
T r a n s , o r t Sub-conmi t t e e , a t i t s f o u r t h s e s s i o n , reco"mended t h a t , i n vlew of t h e ,henumend hi:..-e;.se i n t h e volume o f h i g h m y.
.t r a n s p o r t i n t h e LCiKiii r e g i o n d u r i n g r e c e n t y ? - r s ana h;viny . r s g a r d . t o t h e
i. 27 .
f a c t t h e t a numbLr o f c o u n t r i e s i r e f a w d w i t h m a y o r + n i z a t i o n a l , a h i n i s t r c - t i v e and o t h e r problems, t h e s u s r c t a r i a t should u n d e r t ~ k * a compreh2nsive
study of t h e o r ; a l i z i . t i ~ n a l a d o , s r ~ t i o n i l a s p e c t s of highway t r a n s p o r t
. . .
and convene 6 Semintr t o
discuss
t h e s e prdblerns i n ,li i t s a s p e c t s . The s e c r e t a r i a t h a s now 'domljistsd i t s s t u d i e s w i t h s $ e o i a l ' + a f e i - n c e " t o pss- senger t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and i t i s 9roposed t o convene a Semintr on liighwsy~ r 3 n s ~ o i . t from
9
t o 1 3 0 c ; t o b ~ r 1961 ii h a d r a s ( ~ n d i a ) , when t h e fo'llowing a s g e o t s of passen;ar t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i l l be discu&&(1) org&zatioriai ' $ t r u o t u r & o f ' f o a d passenge; t r a h s ; o r t i n t h e
. . . , ; . . ..
. . . , . ~. ,
' A C U , r e a o n , - .;.. . .
( 2 ) '" &nkrz1 c h r a c t e r i s t i c s & r o a d &ssenger t r a n s p o r t in t h e re-
. . . .
. . . ,.. .
. " .
@on,
, . . , , , . .
( 3 ) erg-nieational s t r u c t u r e and ; . ~ ~ . n & n e n t of r o a d p6ssen;pr t r a n s -
. . , , .! .:,, . . . . . . , . ,
...
p o r t ' i n t h e r s k i o n ,
( 4 ) o p e r a t i o n o f r o a d p a s l e a g e r t r z n s 2 o r t i n ' t h e r e g i o n ,
. . . . . .
(5)
s t a t u t o r y r o & i a t l o n ~ r e g a r d i n g So>& passengcr t r a n s t o r t ,. . . ,. , . :,.,
( 6 ) ' t a k a t i o n ' o f ' t h e ~o;d'.,as&n,er t r 3 ? s , o r t ixidustry, and
. . .
( 7 ) measures of s e c u r i n g e c o n o m i c e f f i & & n ~ ~ i n r o a d passenger
. . . ! , ,
: ,, . .
transpoi*. . . .
.. ., ; ;: '.', ! ' ' . . .
' ' A s st;ted above, at."'t:ie e n i u i n g Semillar c n l i passengcr
, . / .I
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i l l be discuss-d, 2 n d i t ' i s .hb-ped t h a t o t h e r Seminars w i l l
. , . . . . . . . .
be ' oori+ened 1 a t & t d ' ' t & h u p ' . t h e .fi;ei'&t t r a n ~ ~ o r ~ a s & t s .
. . .
. . ' .
, , . .;. M .... ':.i ti;..:.. . i h,:,,,;.? . . I r .
THL k S 1 d iIIG3ihY , . . . . _
- 6.. '
. . .
. . . , , ..,.; . . .. . . ' ~ , . ,
1. I t
. .
was . ,. , i n Novopber ,l9,58. ..
;> . , . t k t . . , ' , . t h e i d s 3 o f l i n k i n g . ,,.. 1 . , i . ~ ~ + ~ . , c o u n t r i e s .?: .... . , , - . < by a n e t y o r g .of . , l e t - m a t i o n a l highways, was t & e n up by t h e :iighways, a d Highway.. ~ . . . .
_
)).. . . . . ./ .. . . . . . . . . . . >.i . . .Tr,?pq;ort:,,gub-Comqittee . . L . ' " ... of &.FG . . . . iit . . . i t s . f o u r t h s e s s i o n . . . .,,, Tke. progosal was t o e s t a b l i s h q i n p r n a t i o n a . 1 highw.hy system l i n k i n g a l l t h e o o u n t r i e s be-
. , . : . I
. . .
,
/.:._: . . , . i : . .tween Viet.-Nam , q d , ~ r a . The Sub-Coppittee pade,,. i n t y a l i a , : . . . t h e f o l l o w i n g
-> . . . . .
. . . . . .
recommendations:.~ .: , . . . .
. . . . ~ ,. . . ~. < ' '
"Because of t h e wid- ,re& covered, tho
;:.w
p o b i . ; ~ . ...,
. '.. c o n n e c t e d rrith.. .:. . t h g i n t r o d n - t i o n o f i n t * r n a t i , p n s l highway c;uid 5 e p t be cbnsidered
. . .
by
d i v i d i n g , t h e a r e s i n t o t h r o c zones ..lid sonvanin6 nieatings o f .. . ! " . ' 2 . ~ . ' , . , \ , I . ! . ,',, .> . . . . . .
. . .
:
.
e x p e r t working groups..
, . . T h e f i r s t . . irorkiny, ,,ro,u, should . , mwt . a t .Bangkok . , t o c o n s i d e r th.e r o a d network of ,Vi-t-Nan, Cambodia, L;os, Thailand,, . A * : . , , . ,. .
~ / ~ 2 ? . 1 4 / 1 1 6
L,/CT+. ~ ~ / T R & s / o ~ Page 11
Fedei-ation of i.ialayb and B u r m a ; t h e second shouid n e e t i n
elh hi
t oc o v e r Burma ( w e s t e r n ~ o n n e x i o n s ) , ~ u s t P a i c i s t m , I n d i a , Ceylon, >?$gal and connexions t o western P a k i s t a n ; and t h e t h i r d should meat a t L ~ h o r e t o cover Nest P z k i s t a n , x f g h a i s t a a 2 I r a n . The Committee t h e r e f o r s r e q u e z t e d t h e Axecutive Sec?atary, i n c o n s u l t r t i o n c i t h t h e Chzirman o f t h e Hikhway Sub-Committee a d i n co-o,er-tlon w i t h L'NTi'A t o conveil-;.
such a d hoo m r k i n g groups compossd o f r e p e s e n t a t l v e s o f each of ttle o o u n t r i z s concerned and, where ccnsiclered n e c e s s a r y , e x p e r t s f ~ o m o u t s i d e t h e r . &ion n i g h t be co-opted t o t h e working group."
2. The Sub-Committee s u g g a s t e d t h a t t h e t a m s of r e f e r m c e f o r t h e working group s h o u l d be a s f o l l o r s :
( i ) Tk d o n ~ i d s r % h e p r o ~ ~ s ~ l s s u b m i t t & by c o u n t r i e s w i t h i n t h e zone
.. .
covered and recommend:
. , .. ,
a ) t h e r o k ~ e s t o be followed,
b) t h e s t a o d a - d s to '%e cdopted f o r -such r o u t e s , and
. .
. .
.
. . .0) and o t h e r ; & r t i n e n t f a c t o r s .
( i i ) To consider- and recommend p r i o r i t i e s of 'hiKlway c o n s t r u c t i o n ' and r e h a b i l i t a t i o n ;
( i i i ) To oonsider and make recommendiitions on 'atiy o t h e r f a c t o r s whioh would f a c i i i t a t e ', i n t s r n a t i o n a l t r a f f ~ d : . .
3. The approach acceptad f o r t h e imPle!.!&;ltition''Of :'~Iie p r o f e c t was t h a t
> . . :
f i r s t o f ;11 t h e e x i s t i ~ g ro;d syst-ms shouid 'be'lin%ed.it~,'inci~ding t b z
mein
r o a d s of t h e c o u n t r i e s and than t h s e shouiki be brou&t t o $inimum . .. . . .
-standirdo.'.
$ 1 ' ; Before riiviewing t h e p r o d r e s s schieved i n t h e i m ~ l e m e n t - t i c n o f t h i s p r o j e c t , a b r l i e f ' r e f e r e n c e may be made t o t h e j u s t i f i c a t i o n o f t h e . pPojecl.
Although i t t i s n o t p o s s i b l e , from t h e ~ I a i l a b l e d a t a , t;o'undbrt,ko
'&
e'c&.on?ic.. : < . \ , ,
e v a l u a t i o n , t h e r e can be no doubt t h a t i t w i l l p r ~ v i d e cheap int'Grtiationa1 l i n k s . Becaus3 of l a c k of adequzte surface uoinnunic&ion, i n t e ? n a t i o n a l ' t r i d e by %and . r o u t e s 'batwesn t h c c o u n t r i e s o f t h e .A:;FZ 'ragion has s t a g n z t c t i and, a r e a s which a r e fjr from t h e s e a ~ o r t s ~ E V C n o t . *;%tied up t o i t . ,h''
be a v a i l a b l e f o r tile l a n d r o u t e s once t h e i n t m n a t i o n a l network commences t o f u n c t i o n with r e q u i s i t e f - ~ i l i t i e s being provided f o r f r e i g h t and pas- senger t r a f f i c . The most important commodities which r e q u i r e cheap t r s n s - p o r t and which f i g u r e prominently i n i n t r a r e g i o n a l t r a d e a r e r i c e , rubber, cotton, wool, wood, m i n e r a l s , f u e l and o t h e r bulky goods such- f r u i t s ar,d v e g e t e b l e s , e t c . These commodities . . .. a r e a t p r e s e n t . exchanged between t h e c o u n t r i e s of t h e # C 2 2 r a g i o n by s e a r o u t e s and i n many c a s e s could be
...
t r a n s p o r t e d by r o a d more aconomlcally and t - m i r e x , o r t s c c u l d be developed
f u r t h e r . , . . . . . .
5 .
The development o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l .hi@lway network would a l s o p,ro-rid e., . .
and s t i m u l a t e t o u r i s t t r a f f i c ?vithin Asia. The..$idd ... . r e s o n has .many . p l a c e s of h i e t c r i c and . . @ l @ i m . i n t e r e s t , and most of t h e p e r s o n s . u n d e r t a k i n g p i l - . . . "
grimages a r e i n t h e lower income groups. . ~ . , . ,. . . .
6. b o t h e r important development w'hich j u s t i f i e s development of i n t e r - n a t i o n a l highweye
.
. . i s t h e . . phenomenal growth of r o a d motor v s h i c l e s i n t h e c o u n t r i e s of t h e dC&?Z' r e g i ? . ~ . S i e n countries., suoh as Afghanistan, Cambodia and Laos . . and 0 t h e r s h a v . e re&ter.ed s i @ i f i c a n . t , a d d i t i o n s ~ . .. i n t h e numberof t r u c k s , buses and p r i v a t e automobiles p l a y i n g o n t . : ~ e i r ro a d s and henco i t can be s a f e l y . . , s t a t e d ... thx.3.a . l q g e . road t r a f f i c p o t e n t i a l e x i s t s which would flow a l o n g t h e i n t e s n . t i o n a l . h l , g h w a y s o g c e . . ?he r a u t e s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d and n e c e s s a r y ,... . . f a c i l i t i e s provided. .. .
7..
.+, , . any. case, a s , s t a t e d e a r l i e r , t h e netwask t h a t : h a s been decided upon '. .~t o f o r p the Asian Hibhway w i l l . be bases on t h e c o q n t r i e s t main m t e r i a l r o u t e s , and t h e s e a r e e s s e n t i a l even from t h e n a t i o n a l p o i n t of view. In t h i s connexion, i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o remembgr t h i t alt'Lough t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l highway network envisioned i n t h e p r o j e c t , coyers a l e n g t h of about 50,000 km, i t i s
not
necessary t o b u i l d t h e e n t i r e ,Jlength because most of t h e r o u t e sa l r e a d y e x i s t w i t h i n t h e boundaries of th,q c o u n t r i e s and f o r a t a b l i s h i n g
-
through t r a f f i c , only a few missing l i n k s have t o be provided and some p o r t i o n s of t h e r o u t e brought up t o t h e a g r s e d minimum standsr-d. B r i e f l y , on t h e p r i o r i t y r o u t e (81) t h e gaps t o be f i l l e d w i l l t o t a l approximately 500 km, while improv~ments to t h e s u b - s t a n d ~ r d roads, e x c l u d i n g t h o s e a l r e a d y
under t r e s t m e n t , w i l l cover a l e n k t h of approxim;tely 400 km only. I t i s t r u e t h d t heavy e x ~ a n c i i t u r c id11 be i n v o l v e d i n u p g ~ a d i n g some r 0 ~ d s 2nd i n f i l l i n g t!l3 &ps where t h e y e x i s t and p r o v i d i n g t h e b r i d g e s and t h e immediate g a i n may'not be commensurate w i t h t h e outLay'.'involved, but i t i s well known t h & t t r a n s p o r t media z ~ n n c t be a s s a s s e d i n advznce i n f i n a n c i a l terms, and t h e long-term a d p r o m o t i o n d adsrantages g e n e r a l l y - far outweigh
. , . . :, . . .. . . ..,. . .. . f o r e s e ; ; a b l e . r e s u l t s .
8. I n t h e c z s e o f l a n d l o c k e d c o u n t r i e s with d i f f i c u ~ t t e r r a i n , such a s Laos, Nepal and irfghanistan, i n t r i r n a t i c n a l h i & w a g s a r e t h e o n l y mems of
p r o v i d i n g cheap a d adequate a c c e s s t o nei&bouring c o u n t r i e s f o r e x t o r n s l triide. I t might be,.me&ioneci .. . .. , i n . + s s i n g t h a t fe!i Gountrles o f . t h o r e g i o n heve . shig+ng . serv&cfig,&thgir . . own . ~ . . and . do not; A .,.. have t o depend upon farsip*
s h i p p i n g companies o,f t e n q u o t i n g h i & f r e i g h t r a t e s .
9. k o s t of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n u l t r a v e l , in. t h e 5 L 3 . G region, except t o a l i m i t e d +%.tent . .between c o u n t r i e s s u c h a s . I n d i z , P a k i s t a n and t h e F e d e r s t i o n of Malaya and Thailand which a r s connected by r a i l a a y a , a t p r e s e n t t,kes p l s c e by c i r c u i t o u s s e a r q u t e s which . . . . x e s l o w , a s . . , well a s c o s t l y f o r plaoec i n l a n d . I n some i t ,. is,.$y . a i r which, e v e n w i t h t h e r e a e n t r e d u o t i o n i n
a i r f s e s , i s s t $ l l , b e y o p d t h e means of most of t h e general t r a v e l l i n g public.
10. I t i s , t h a r e f o r e , c l e a r t h a t an ~ d e g u a t e i n t e r n a t i o n a l highway n e t x o r k would meet a v e r y i m p o r t a n t economic need b e s i d e s p r o v i d i n g a channel f o r
. . . develo.@;ng i n t e r m t i o n a l c m t a c t s , u n d e r s t a n d i n g and ;;ood;uill 2nd f o r pro-
moting ,tourism i n t h e $3433 region. . . . .
.,Sohedule o f meetings o f zonal working moups
1 The :following meetings of e x p s r t groups have taken place:
,
F i r s t s e r i e s
Zone 1 at Bangkok November
1959
.
Zone 2 a t New Delhi :~&v-ember1959
.. :. . . Zone 3 a t Karachi . . . 3 December
1959
.
. , ,..<Second s e r i e s . . :.. .
. . ,
. ..* . : .. . .: . .
' . . .. I,2 . Zone 1 a t Bangkok . . . . jriiy , , . . 1960
. . .v:
! ... Zone 2 a t Dacca
. . Afiie 1960
. . . . .... , .
b
.
E/CN. l 4 / l l 6
W / C N . ~ ~ / T R X N S / O ~ b
Page 1 4
Zone 3 a t Ksrachi June 1360
. . . . . T h i r d s e r i e s , $ .
, ...
Zone 1 a t Ban&ok . . November 1960
Lone 2 a t Kathmandu November 1960
Zone
3
a t l'eh; ran : . Decsmber 1960The r e s u l t s achieved by t h o working mouvs
12. The main r e s u l t s achieved by t h e e x p a r t working groups may be sununasieed as folLows:
a ) Agreements on r o u t e s d e s i ~ a t e d a s i h t e r r l L t i o n a l highways and p r i o r i t y r o u t e s ,
b) I n t d r n a t i o n a l hi,hway and b r i d g e s t a n d a r d s ,
.
c) Recommenaatiorrs r e g a r d i n g p r e p a r a t i o n of d e t a i l a d maps,
d) C o l l e c t i o n of information on t r a n s p o r t and t r a f f i c ~ s p e c t s of
. . . .
*he proposed network,
, ' e ) Intorna%%onalhighwayl highway r 3cord ( i n & t r u c t l o n . & n d model), ., . .
...
. . f ) Code on uniform systsm of road si'&s and s i g n a l s , pavemant..
. markings and signs f o r r o a d works,. @;)
Il,
i Code on r o a d trc.f.ffic r e l d t i n g t o provis5kOns a p p l i c a b l e t o. . , , ., , . . . . .
' mo'tor v e h i c l e s and t r a i l e r s i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a f f i c v i t h
, . .
, . . ,.. .. ... annexes a s follow^^: , . . . . ,~ .. .. . , / J
a . : :. i ) ' r e g t s t r z t i o a numbers of v e h i e l e s i n . intern:;tion&> ~ ~ f f i c , . . . :. .,. i ) d i s t i n g u i s h i h g si;;fis of v e h i c l e s . i n < i n t e r f i i t i o i a l t r a f f i c ,
i i i ) i d e n t i f i c a t i o n m d k s of v e h i c l e s i n i n t e r n ~ t i c n d t r a f f i c , i v ) t e c h n i c a l c o n d i t i o n s concerning t h e Bquipm,enli of motor
. . ~. , .. v e h i c l e s and t r a i l e r s i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a f f i c ( b r a k i n g ,
listing,
o t h e r oondi t i o n s , combination of v e h i c l e s ' and t r a n s i t i o n a l p r o v i s i o n s ) , . .v) dimensions end weights of v e h i c l e s i n i n t a r n e t i o n a l t r a f f i c .
B;
h code on r o a d t r a f f i c r e l a t i n g t o general p r o v i s i o n s , r u l e s-
-
of t h e road, s i k n s and si ,nala, d r i v e r s of motor v e h i c l e s i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a f f i c , p r o v i s i o n s zpp15cable t o c y c l e s i n i n t e r n a t i o n d l t r a f f i c , with p a r t i n e n t annexesr a d d i t i o n a l p r o v i s i o n concerning d e f i n i t i o n s of motor.'Sehicles and c y c l e s , p r i o r i t y of gassage, c o n d i t i o n s %&be f u l f i l l e d bx d r i v e r s of motor v e h i c l e s i n i n t a r n c t i o n a l , ! . t r a f f i c , model b i v i n g permit, model i n t e r n a t i o n z l d r i v i n g permit.~ / ~ ~ . 1 4 / 1 1 , 6 , ,. ,.,
E/W. 1 4 / ~ ~ ~ / 0 3 .. . . Page
15
.., . , .h) The numbering of i n t e r n a t i o n a l routes,
I ) The shape, dimensions and oolourg f o r kilometre/mile post and t h e
m a x i m u m distances between posts along t h e route,
j) The sha9e and colours f o r the r o u t e markers to be plaoed along i n t e r n a t i o n a l highways.
13. The f u t u r e 'zonal meetings w i l l deal with the following subjects:
a) Review of the a i d programme: After d e t a i l e d d a t a concerning the portions of t h e p r i o r i t y routes wwoh were a t present incomplete, t h e expert working groups, on t h e b a s i s of d e t a i l e d study, would suggest ways and means of completing t h e missing linka i n t h e system. The @;roups would a l s o t r y t o assese, o l z s s i f y and cor- r e l a t e a i d requirements i n a r e a l i s t i c manner, and would make recommendations on the teohnioal and f i n a n c i a l aapeots.
. . . , . ,
' ' b) ' Passport aid f r o n t i e r f o h a l i t i e s , including r u l e s and regulations
. , : .
. .*fir t h e . , e n t r y ..of vehicles i o r internat$oqal, trafiio,,,into. ..a country. , .
: , : d ) . : On'oillary s e r r i c e s and f a c i l i t i e s along ; t h e , r o u t e s e.g. hotels, motels, r e s t a u r a n t s , p e t r o l pumps, r e p a i r f a c i l i t i e s , . ~ teleoom- munication f a o i l i t i e s , eto. . . . . . . . ., ,
e ' ) Preparation o f road maps.
. .
f ) Ribbon development problems, eto.
14.
The Economic Commission f o r Asia and t h e Far Zast, a t i t s . m e n t e e n t h. ..
. . : :
.
. , ,.,: ~ , .. . .ses&on
bid
i n Ma&I$&,
while discussing t h e progress o f :tihe p r o j e c t onI. .
, . : I .,
_
:..
.. . . . ; - r i . > , ? < . -.. . : ; . ~ .
i n t e r n a t i o n a l , .
highways;
commended t h e e f f o r t s ' b e i n g madeby tlie o o w t r i e s: !
.
, ,. - . .~ . 'conc6rned (&v& i n &e&i ?X). I t n o t e d t h a t some misalng links:Ytf%3 have t o be f i l l e d i n the system and improvement to t W exist&g r o u t e s ~ t o a t l e a s t t h e minimum standards i s required. Hence, i t unanimously paased a r e s o l u t i o n the o p e r ~ t i v e :m?ts of which a r e reproduced below:
RECOGNIZING, however, t h a t t h e r e i s an urgent need t o f i l l a number of gaps on the p r i o r i t y routes d e s i ~ a t e d a s p a r t of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l highways;
1. RECOWCNDS t h a t t h e oountries concerned should give high p r i o r i t y , within t h e i r o v e r a l l eoonomic p l m s and highway development programmes, t o t h e development of roads, p b r t i o u l a r l y p r i o r i t y routes, which have been designated f o r inclusion i n the i n t e r n a t i o n a l highway network, having regard t o t h e i r immediate n a t i o n a l b e n e f i t a s well a s i n t e r n a t i o n a l use;
2. REQUESTS the Ihqkt Working (;roup&to c o l l e c t and review data
.
.
. .on the
missing
,link&i.'td dakg 'apreli$lir&y
, , . assessment of :%be economic ?,nd engineering f e & i b i l i t y of constructing t h e s e " l i k k s , t o ' i s s i k governments. ,
~ . , . .
~' . , ' '
, ,
i n
determining t h e technical ' a d f i n a n c i a l reeouraes r&ire$ and t o make recommendations.:on the ways and means af meeting these re$iuirementsi.
., . : 3. REQUkSTS t h e &ecutive ,Secretary to, . explor?, . ,,wi.th . t h e . aid-giving
< ',!:!
a@nciee && i'ao-o$+tiqg countries, t h e p o a s i b i l i . t i e s of obtaining the
. t { . , . , . . .., , . . . . , . . . , . . ,
r.equ.p.eQ.~eiatance;: L: . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
,
-3. -.-
. ~ R T H : % RSQLUSTS CEe.&ecutive S e e r e t a r y t o .tzke. any s t e p s a s. I ., > ,, , . . . , . . . . . ,. . : . . .i 5 ; . :. . . . i
may be ~d9emed necessary, i n c l u i i n g the conv+ing.'of a m e e t i r i . . . . a t a high
.
leye&,,. $o:,revieu t& p r o p e s s m a d e by the .countries i n implementing . . . . ! . t h e
!i&kr&tional p r o j e c t , and to t&6' concerted aotion .&d harmonize p o l i c i e s aimed a t implementing t h e reoommendationa of the' .&pert Working Groups
an&
st m , b i l i z i n g . f i n a n c i a l resources f o r the completion of t h e' 9 .l .. :: .> , ,j .. : ;< : . . . . . . , .
i n t o r n a t i o n a l highwey system. . . . . . ,
Future promamme ...
A s has already been mentioned, the phenomenal growth of highway transport during the l a s t decade o r so has served to f i x a t t e n t i o n of governments on the problems involved. A seminar on highway t r a n s p o r t , 'with--sp.ec&al refex-ce to the organiza-tional and operational aspects
of passenger t r a n s p o r t , w i l l , as previously m e ~ t i o n e d be organized s h o r t l y and a f t e r completing work on the passenger aspect w 1 l l ' i t i s hoped, undertake work on f r e i g h t transport.
O w i n g to the general inadequacy of the highway systems t o meet the curren?; and f u t u r e requirements of highway t r a n s p o r t i n many countries and the need t o maximize road construction withih available
. . .
r a w u r c e s , t h e problem of low, c o s t road and s o i l s t i b i l i z a t i o n 8 - ' i i &
, . . . .
: ! a w e d spec&al urgency. There problems jwhf eh were oompreheniiively
. . .
studied a t t h e seminar i n
1958'
need furtfier ahd continual ;ittention.Although, fow.dBe time being, '.the ZCAFE r e g i o n d a s 'an abundance of manual 1abour;it i s c l e a r t h a t the pcsitio*'mi&t change as th*' produotivity of manual labour i s oompk&t&ly iow&'th& t h a t o f . . .
.
: ...; .mechanized operations. Therefore, i t 3oiil.d s e e k de&ir*bl.e'h 6kmine
wws
and means by which operations can be mechanized i n the l i g h t of the requirements of the ECAFG region. Some time ago a working p a r t y was organized to study the economic aspects of e a r t h moving operations by mechanised and noq-mechanized methods. This aspect would also r e ~ u i r e f u r t h e r study i n the context of p r e v a i l i n g conditions i n the ZCAFEregion, A s a r e s u l t of the increase i n the volume of highway transport in the ECAFE region, there has been a serious inorease i n accidents, a subject which, a s mentioned e a r l i e r , was s p e c i f i c a l l y studied a t the Seminar on Engineering and T r a f f i c Aspects of Kighway Safety and
subssciuently, a t the study weeks i n Bombay. I t i n c l e a r t h a t a close follow up i n highww s a f e t y regulations and the planning of highways, t o meet k r a f f i c requirements i n urban area i s necessary.
