Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur:
Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.
Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at
PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information.
https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits
L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB.
Technical Paper (National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building
Research), 1965-04-01
READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.
https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright
NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC :
https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=14e3bf8f-3035-4ddf-bc08-cc7804649b6d https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=14e3bf8f-3035-4ddf-bc08-cc7804649b6d
NRC Publications Archive
Archives des publications du CNRC
For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.
https://doi.org/10.4224/20331674
Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at
Fire endurance of protected steel columns and beams: a compilation of
published information on fire endurance of protected steel columns
and beams by a number of test methods
Ser THJ-N2Lt2
nr. t9h
c . ' 2
BLDG
NATIONAL RESEARCH CANADA DIVISION Or. BUILDING
COUNCIL
RESEARCH
FIRE ENDURANCE OF PROTECTED STEEL COLUMNS AND BEAlvdS
(A cornpilation of published information on fire endurance of protected steel colurnns and beams by a nurnber
of test rnethods) by
M. Galbreath and W'. Stanzak
. a N , . c t Y 7 i i f )
Technical Paper No. L94 of the
Division of Building Research
OTTAWA M a y 1 9 6 5
( i )
T.OREWORD
The sources of the inforrnation contained herein are the published reports of fire tests conducted in accordance with the
standard methods of test AsTM EIIg and BS 476 that are available t o t h e D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h a t p r e s e n t . N o t e s t s , s o f a r as is known, have yet been conducted in accordance with CSA 854.3(8).
A number of countries have adopted rnethods of fire tests that differ in some respects from those recognized by the National Building Code (4). Reforts of these tests *"y U" the subject of further iave stigation.
Tests of assemblies that contain materials identified by
trade name only have been excluded from this paper because these assemblies are not adequately identified by description.
( i i )
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
STANDARD METHODS OF TESTS
FIRE PERFORMANCE OF COLUMNS AND BEA]vIS
TEST INFORMATION
Section I - Fire Tests of Building Colurnns by S. H. Ingberg, H. K. Griffin, W. C. Robinson and R. E. V/ilson. Technologic Papers of the Bureau of Standards N o . I B 4 , U . S . D e p t . o f C o r n r n e r c e , N a t i o n a l Bureau of Standards, .W'ashington, I9Zl.
Section 2 - Fire Tests of Colurnns Protected with Gypsurn b y N . D . M i t c h e l l . R e s e a r c h P a p e r R . P . 5 6 3 , B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s , J o u r n a l o f R e s e a r c h , V o l . 1 0 , J u n e 1 9 3 3 .
s e c t i o n 3 - F i r e T e s t s o f s t e e l colurnns protected with S i l i c e o u s A g g r e g a t e C o n c r e t e b y N . D . M i t c h e l l . Building Materials and Structures Report BIvLS
124, U" S. Dept. of Comrnerce, National Bureau o f S t a n d a r d s , ' W a s h i n g t o n , 1 9 S f .
Section 4 - Fire Tests of Steel Columns Encased with Gypsum Lath and Plaster by N. D. Mitchell and J. V. Ryan. Building Materials and Structures Report Bl\d,s I 3 5 , U . S . D e p t . o f C o r n r n e r c e , N a t i o n a l Bureau of Standards, W-ashington, 1953.
Section 5 - Fire Tests of Steel Colurnns frorn llnvestigation o f B u i l d i n g F i r e s , P a r t V . F i r e T e s t s o n S t r u c -tural Elernentst' by L. A. Ashton and N. Davey. N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g S t u d i e s , R e s e a r c h P a p e r N o . I 2 , H. M. Stationery Office, London, L953.
s e c t i o n 6 - F i r e T e s t o f a s t e e l c o l u r n n o f B - i n . H section Protected with 4-in. Solid Haydite Blocks by T. Z. Harrnathy and J. A. C. Blanchard. National R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g Research, F i r e S t u d y N o . 6 , O t t a w a , 1 9 6 2 .
s e c t i o n 7 - F i r e R e s i s t a n c e o f Encased steel stanchions by H . L . M a l h o t r a a n d R . F . S t e v e n s . p r o c e e d i n g s , Institution of Civil Engineers, London, L964.
Page I 3 4
z?,
z4
? 6
2 9
5 0 5 l( i i i )
- Fire Tests of SteeI Bearns frorn rtlnvestigation
of Building Fires, Part V. Fire Tests on
S t r u c t u r a l E l e r n e n t s r r b y L . A . A s h t o n a n d
N. Davey. National Building Studies, Research
Paper No. 12, H. M. Stationery Office, London,
r 9 5 3 .
SOURCES OF' TEST INI"ORT{ATION
S e c t i o n 8
( i v )
LIST OF. TABLES AND FIGURES
Fire Tests of Building Colrrnns by S. H. Ingberg,
H. K. Griffin, W. C. Robinson and R. E. Wilson.
S E C T I O N I -T a b l e I . I . A T a b l e I . l . B T a b l e l . l . C T a b l e I . 2 . A T a b l e l . Z . B T a b l e I . 3 . A T a b l e 1 . 3 . B T a b l e I . 4 . A T a b l e I . 4 . B T a b 1 e t . 5 . A T a b l e t . 5 . B T a b l e I . 6 . A T a b l e 1 . 6 . B T a b l e 1 . 7 . A T a b l e I . 7 . B T a b l e 1 . B . A T a b l e l . 8 . B S E C T I O N 2
Results of Fire Tests on Unprotected Colurnns
Details of Construction of Unprotected Structural Steel
Colurnns I -Effective Length, 12 f.t, B in.
Details of Construction of Unprotected Cast Iron
and Pipe Colurnns
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Partly Protected b y C o n c r e t e
Details of Construction of Colurnns Partly Protected
b y C o n c r e t e
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Concrete Details of Construction of Columns Protected by Concrete Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Brick Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Brick Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by
Hollow Clay Tile
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Hollow Clay Tile
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Gypsurn Block
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Gypsurn Block
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Plaster on Metal Lath
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Plaster on Metal Lath
Analysis of Loads Applied to Structural Stee1 Golumns
i n T e s t s R e c o r d e d i n T a b l e s l . I t o 1 . 7
Analysis of Loads Applied to Cast Iron and Pipe
C o l u r n n s i n T e s t s R e c o r d e d i n T a b l e s l . I t o 1 . 7
Tests of Colurnns Protected with Gygrsum by N. D. .Mitchell. Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by
Gypsurn Block
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Gypsurn Block Table 2. Figure 2. SE CTION 3 - Fire I . A t . B
- Fire Tests of Steel Colurnns Protected with Siliceouer Aggregate Concrete by N. D. Mitchell.
l. A - Report of Fire Endurance Tests of Steel Colurnns with Concrete Protection
SE CTION 4
( v )
Fire Tests of Steel Colurnns Encased with Gypsurn Lath a n d P l a s t e r b y N . D . M i t c h e l l a n d J . V . R y a n .
T a b l e 4 . l . A - Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by
Plaster on Gypsum Lath
Figure 4. l. B - Details of construction of colurnns Protected by
Plaster on Gypsum Lath
S E C T I O N 5 - F i r e T e s t s of Steel Colurnns frorn I'Investigafion of Building
F i r e s , P a r t V . F i r e T e s t s o n S t r u c t u r a l E l e r n e n t s t t b y
L. A. Ashton and N. Davey.
Table Figure Tab1e Figure Table Figure Table Figure Table 5 . 1 . A 5 . 1 . B 5 . 2 . 4 5 . 2 . 8 5 . 3 . A 5 . 3 . 8 s . 4 . A 5 . 4 . B 5 . 5 . A
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Concrete Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Concrete R e s u l t s o f F i r e T e s t s o n C o l u r n n s P r o t e c t e d b y C o n c r e t e and Plaster
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Concrete a n d P l a s t e r
Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Masonry Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Masonry Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected by Plaster Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Plaster Results of Fire Tests on Colurnns Protected bv
Miscellaneous Materials
Details of Construction of Colurnns Protected by Mis c ellaneous Materials
Analysis of Loads Applied to Structural Steel Colurnns Recorded in Section 5
F i g u r e 5 . 5 . B T a b l e 5 . 6 . A SE CTION 6 T a b l e 5 . SE CTION 7 T a b l e 7 . SE CTION 8 -Table F i g u r e TabIe F i g u r e 8 . I . A B . I . B 8 . 2 . A B . Z . B
- Fire Test of a Steel Colurnn of B-in. H Section protected with 4-in. Solid Haydite Blocks by T. Z. Harmathy and J . A . C . B l a n c h a r d .
1 . A - Results of Fire Test on colurnn Protected by concrete
B l o c k
- Fire Resistance of Encased steel stanchions by H. L. Malhotra a n d R . F . S t e v e n s .
t . A - Results of Fire Tests on structural steel and concrete
Combination Colurnns
Fire Tests of steel Bearns frorn t'Investigation of Building
F i r e s , P a r t V . F i r e T e s t s o n S t r u c t u r a l E l e r n e n t s t t b y
L. A. Ashton and N. Davey.
R e s u l t s o f F i r e T e s t s o n s t e e l B e a m s p r o t e c t e d by concrete D e t a i l s o f C o n s t r u c t i o n o f S t e e l B e a r n s p r o t e c t e d by C o n c r e t e R e s u l t s o f F i r e T e s t s o n S t e e I B e a m s p a r t i a l l y P r o t e c t e d o r U n p r o t e c t e d D e t a i l s o f C o n s t r u c t i o n o f S t e e l B e a r n s p a r t i a l l y P r o t e c t e d o r U n p r o t e c t e d
( v i )
S P E C I A L I N T R O D U C T I O N
THIS PUBLICATION HAS BEEN PREPARED TO BRING TOGETHER IN CONVENIENT FORM A LARGE AMOUNT OF INFOR. MATION SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE ON FIRE ENDURANCE OF STEEL AND CAST IRON COLUMNS AND
BEAMS. IT IS INTENDED FOR INFORIvIATiON PURPOSES ONLY
AND IS NOT TO BE REGARDED AS AN OFFICIAL LISTING OR
RATING. SUPPLEMENT NO.2 TO THE NATIONAL BUILDING
CODE PROVIDES SUCH RATINGS FOR COMMON MATERIAI,S AND SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF BEING IDENTIFIED ADEQUATELY BY
DESCRIPTION, \AIHICH MAY BE USED IN THE ABSENCE Or.
SPECIFIC TEST INFORMATION OR OTHER CERTIFICATION. BUT
THE DESIGNER, MANUFACTURER, OR BUILDING OFFICIAL IV{AY
FIND IT NECESSARY TO EXERCISE JUDGEMENT ON MATERIALS OR SYSTEMS DIFFERING FROM THOSE r.OR WHICH TEST OR
RATING INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE, AND IN SUCH CASES THE
INFOR]VfATION NOW. ASSEMBLED ]VIAY BE USEFUL"
ALL THE TEST INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS INCLUDED WITH THE PERMiSSION OF THE ORIGINAL AUTHORS
AND PUBLISHERS. IT HAS BEEN REARRANGED TO BRING TO.
GETHER CONVENTENTLY ALL THE RESULTS ON THE SAME OR
SIMILAR IV{ATERIALS WHEREVER THIS IS APPROPRIATE. IN
MANY CASES THE DETAiLED DESCRIPTIONS PROVIDED IN THE ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS HAVE ITAD TO BE ABBREVIATED OR
OMITTED. REFERENCE SHOULD ALWAYS BE MADE TO THE
ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS FOR VERIFICATION OF THE DESCRIPTION AND METHOD OI. TEST BEFORE PLACING GREAT WEIGHT ON
INDIVIDUAL VALUES. THE VARIOUS ITE}IS ARE CROSS-REFERENCED
TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY WHICH LISTS THE SOURCE PUBLICATIONS. NO REPRODUCTION SHOULD BE MADE OF ANY OF THIS IVIATERIAL
( v i i )
WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE ORIGINAL PUBLISHERS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THE PERMISSION GIVEN BY AUTHORS, AGENCIES,
AND PUBLISHERS TO REPRODUCE TFIE I4ATERIAL ON WHICH
F I R E E N D U R A N C E O F P R O T E C T E D S T E E L
COLUMNS AND BEAN,I,S
(A compilation of published inforrnation on fire endurance of protected steel colurnns and bearns by a nurnber
o f t e s t r n e t h o d s )
t - - ,
M. Galbreath and 'W. Stanzak
STANDARD METHODS OF TEST
The three rnethods of test relating to colurnns and bearns that are accepted by the Nationa.I Building Code are:
( i ) A s T M E r l 9 , s t a n d a r d M e t h o d s of Fire Test of Building c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d M a t e r i a l s o f t h e A m e r i c a n society for T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s , p h i l a d e l p h i a , p a .
( i i ) B S 4 7 6 , P a r t I , F i r e T e s t s o f Building Materials and
standards of the British standards rnstitution, London,
England.
( i i i ) G S A 8 5 4 . 3 , M e t h o d s o f F i r e T e s t s o f walls, partitions, F l o o r s , R o o f s , C e i l i n g s , C o l u m n s , Bearns and Girders of
the Canadian Standards Association, Ottawa.
T h e t i m e - t e r n p e r a t u r e p a t t e r n f o l l o w e d i n e a c h o f t h e s e tests is very sirnilar though there are sorne differences in the cletails bf the t e s t m e t h o d s . A n u m b e r o f c h a n g e s h a v e a l s o b e e n r n a d e in the British a n d A m e r i c a n t e s t s i n t h e years since these were first developed. A S T M E I 1 9
T h e A S T M E l l g t e s t m e t h o d w a s f i r s r a d o p t e d i n 1 9 I 8 . A t that time it did not include any special provisions for testing colurnns o r b e a m s . T h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m e t h o d o f t e s t for colurnns was intro-duced in 19?6. This requires that the column tested be of the length conternplated in the design and not Iess than 9 feet. The colurnn rnust
' i ' Research Officer, Building Standards Section, Division of Building R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h Council
) : < > i <
s t e e l I n d u s t r i e s F e l l o w , D i v i s i o n of Building Research. ( F i r s t h o l d e r o f a n i n d u s t r i a l f e l l o w s h i p established by the steel i n d u s t r y o f c a n a d a a t the National Research council. )
z
-b e l o a d e d t o d e v e l o p t h e o r e t i c a l l y t h e w o r k i n g s t r e s s e s c o n t e r n p l a t e d in the design. There is an optional provision that the colurnn rnay b e l o a d e d t o 1 f t i m e s t h e w o r k i n g d e s i g n l o a d b e f o r e t h e t e s t i s undertaken.
An alternative rnethod of test for colurnns, introduced in 1947, was intended to evaluate steel colurnn protections that are not required by design to carry any of the colurnn load. In this test the colurnn is not subjected to load. The ternperature of the steel is m e a s u r e d b y t h r e e t h e r r n o c o u p l e s a t e a c h o f f o u r l e v e l s . T h e t e s t i s successful if the average ternperature of the steel at any one of the four levels does not exceed 1000"F and if the ternperature at any one o f t h e t h e r r n o c o u p l e s d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1 2 0 0 " r . .
Bearns and girders have been tested as part of a floor a s s e r n b l y s i n c e f 9 I B . I n I 9 5 3 , a n a l t e r n a t i v e t e s t f o r p r o t e c t i o n o f
solid structural steel bearns and girders was introduced. This is
similar to the alternative test for colurnns and does not require loading. The temperature of the steel is measured at four points syrnmetrically
disposed at each of four sections equally spaced along the bearn. The
t e s t i s s u c c e s s f u l i f t h e a v e r a g e t e m p e r a t u r e a t a n y o n e s e c t i o n d o e s not exceed 1000"F and if the ternperature at any one of the therrnocouples d o e s n o t e x c e e d 1 2 0 0 " F .
A r n e t h o d o f t e s t f o r c e i l i n g s w a s i n t r o d u c e d i n 1 9 4 7 . W h e r e there afe no combustible rnaterials above the ceiling the average
ternperature on the lower surface of rnain structural supporting
mem-b e r s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d I 2 0 0 " F a n d t h e a v e r a g e t e r n p e r a t u r e o f t h e t o p a n d b o t t o r n o f t h e m e r n b e r s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 1 0 0 0 " F . B S 4 7 6 T h e B r i t i s h S t a n d a r d M e t h o d o f F i r e T e s t w a s f i r s t a d o p t e d i n I 9 3 3 . T h e t i m e - t e r n p e r a t u r e r e l a t i o n d h i p i s v e r y c l o s e t o t h a t o f A S T M E l I 9 . T h e t e s t r n e t h o d a d o p t e d i n 1 9 3 3 r e q u i r e d t h a t a c o l u m n or bearn be subjected to 1| tirnes the design load and that the test e l e r n e n t b e e x p o s e d t o a h o s e s t r e a r n t e s t . T h e t e s t r n e t h o d w a s revised in I953 and the hose strearn requirernent was omitted and the applied load was reduced to the design load. The rninilnurn length of column or bearn in the British Test is t0 feet. The load is kept constant throughout the heating period and is re-applied 48 hours after the end of the heating period unless failure has already occurred.
3
-C S A 8 5 4 . 3
T h e C S A 8 5 4 . 3 - Method of Test as it applies to tests
o f c o l u r n n s a n d b e a r n s i s v e r y s i r n i l a r t o A S T M E l 1 9 b u t d i f f e r s i n t h e f o l l o w i n g r e s p e c t s : ( l ) T h e r e i s n o p r o v i s i o n f o r l o a d i n g r c l ] t i m e s t h e d e s i g n I o a d b e f o r e t h e c o l u r n n t e s t ( ? ' ) T h e r e i s n o s p e c i a l p r o v i s i o n f o r t e s t i n g a c e i l i n g a p a r t f r o m t h e t e s t o f a f l o o r a n d c e i l i n g a s s e r n b l y .
(3) Ternperature rneasurerrlents in the alternate rnethod of
t e s t a r e t a k e n a t 5 l e v e l s o n c o l u m n s a n d a t 5 s e c t i o n s o n b e a r n s , o n e l e v e l b e i n g a t t h e c e n t r e o f t h e r n e m b e r .
FIRE PERFORMANCE OF COLUMNS AND BEAMS
Columns and beams in a building on fire rnust perform a
structural supporting function not a separating function. The limit
on ternperature rise on the unexposed surface that is required in the
fire tests of walls and floors does not therefore apply to columns and
beams. Failure of a column or bearn occurs when it is no longer able
to carry the load irnposed on it.
To a degree the fire endurance of a colurnn rnay be increased b y r e d u c i n g t h e s u p e r i r n p o s e d l o a d a n d r e d u c e d b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e b u p e r -i r n p o s e d l o a d . I n t h e c a s e o f s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l c o l u r n n s p r o t e c t e d b y
concrete, the concrete rnay perforrn two functions:
( l ) i t r n a y p r o v i d e a n i n s u l a t i n g b a r r i e r b e t w e e n t h e f u r n a c e a n d t h e s t e e l , a n d
( Z j i t m a y c a r r y p a r t o f t h e s u p e r i m p o s e d l o a d .
Both of these functions contribute to the fire endurance of the colurnn. If
the loadbearing capacity of the concrete is not taken into account in the
structural design the fire endurance of the colurnn rnay be considerably
e x t e n d e d . I n a s e r i e s o f t e s t s b y M a l h o t r a a n d S t e v e n s ( 6 ) t h e f i r e
endurance of combination colurnns (steel and concrete) has been studied. T h e r e p o r t o f t e s t s i n R e f e r e n c e I r n a k e s i t p o s s i b l e t o c o r n p a r e
the fire endurance performance of similar steel colurnns, unprotected,
p a r t i a l l y p r o t e c t e d , a n d e n c a s e d i n c o n c r e t e . T h e s e r n a y b e o f a s s i s t a n c e in understanding the contribution of the concrete cover to fire endurance. P r o t e c t i v e c o v e r i n g r n a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e w e a k e r t h a n c o n c r e t e w i l l
generally contribute only to the insulation of the steel. For materials
4
-c o v e r i n g r e m a i n i n p l a -c e d u r i n g t h e s e f i r e e x p o s u r e p e r i o d s . I t
rnay be noted that rnost of the rnasonry rnaterials are either reinforced in the joints or tied around with wire.
The following Sections contain surnmaries of test reports
referred to in this docurnent.
TEST INFORTvIATION
SECTION 1 REFERENCE
Ingberg, S. H. , H. K. Griffin, W. C. Robinson, and R. E. 'W'ilson.
Fire Tests of Building Colurnns. Technologic Papers of the Bureau of
Standards No. I84, U.S. Department of Gornrnerce, National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, I}ZL.
NOTES
T h e ? 9 t e s t s i n t h i s s e r i e s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t d u r i n g I 9 l 7 - l 9 L B
before the specific provisions for testing building colurnns were
intro-d u c e intro-d i n t o A S T M E I 1 9 . T h e t e s t m e t h o d s u s e d w e r e s u b s t a n t i a l l y t h e
sarne as the present provisions for testing loadbearing colurnns. .This is the largest number of tests in one series available at present and is notable for:
(l) the variety of shapes and sections included,
(21 the nurnber of unprotected and partially protected columns tested,
(3) the variety of protective covering materials investigated. Sorne of the rnore significant features of the tests are as follows. -Firing
The furnace ternperatures were controlled and calne close to the
now-standard time ternperature curve. Fewer therrnocouples were used.
and the furnace control may have been less exact than in present-day t e s t s .
Loading
It may be assumed that the colurns were loaded in accordance with t h e d e s i g n p r o c e d u r e s a c c e p t e d a t t h e t i r n e o f the tests. A cornparison h a s b e e n m a d e ( T a b l e s 1 . 8 . A a n d 1 . 8 . B) between the superirnposed
5
-l o a d s a p p -l i e d i n t h e t e s t s a n c t h e d e s i g n Ioac-ls that wou-ld be app-lied u s i n g t b e d e s i g n r n e t h o d s s e t f o r t h i i r the National Buitding Code
: I 9 6 s
G ) .
T h i s s h o w s t h a t t h e I o a d s a p p l i e d d u r i n g t h e t e s t s were slightly h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e c a l c u l a t e d b y t h e d e s i g n methods applicable at the
t i r n e . T h e s e a p p l i e d l o a d s w e r e , i n r n o s t c a s e s , ress than the
design Ioads irnposed by present Nai;ional Building code formulae. S o m e o f t h e c o l u r n n s i n t h i s s e r i e s were exposecl to the hose stream
t e s t . T h e r e s u l t s h a v e n o t b e e n r e p r o d u c e d here because none of
the test rnethods now recognized by the National Building code r e q u i r e a h o s e s t r e a r n t e s t f o r building colu-rnns or beams.
T A B L E I . 1 . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS OI{ U N P R O T E C T E D COLUMNS I,oad Sustatned During Test SECTION P l a t s s n d A n 8 t o . . . 1 P l a t e a n d C h a m e l . . , . - . . . . . . . "..i Nopin€i;:r€l, Tlmo to IoilE!9, Er-Min. o-tty1 o-tgy4 0-14 (Fll o-t4y4 0-1? 0-14 o-zr$ o-uY1 0-+t l $-uN Hsrl 0--36 t-Lty4 I\tmace Dxpe stuo, Porceht 05.6 97.0 lol. 4 rol. I 100. 0 80,0 ft}.3 9S.0 t01.2 101.7 100. il t$. r 101.0 99.3 I t 4 o 0 8 I l0 l0A t 1 12 3 LatticettChannel. . . ... . -j Zbarand Plate-. I I - b e m and Cbanncl..., Lstticed Ansle... I Starred Arsto.... I R o u n d C a s t l r o n . . . - | R o u d C s s t I r o n . . . . 1 10, t7 13.00 8.70 l . t 6 s.32 r0.12 &{4 B , n 14.73 14.73 l{. 45 Steel 6.93 Concrete 3& 74 Steel 16.36 Concrete 40.07 ?5.0 u l . 8 u.7 4+0 81.7 72"r 40.7 108,5 0 & 2 6 & 2 6 & 2 6 & 2 63.9 68,2 u9500 116000 u1000 u1000 r05000 r?2D00 tn$0 tu000 95500 95500 98500 95500 ll{500 2r6000 11750 8900 12650 l{250 11250 12050 145@ 9350 6500 0500 0800
NOTE: Details of the steel' cast'iron, sn.l DiDe colmns listed in Table 4zz to 42g etro givenln Figs. I
13 ,i {B: filj: "'d Fiss. 6 oid ? (p . vi sn I ftf,- nirtriiriiiiii'iiL-.irii"e i6tioii?'! gn".rn rgu,&- sa
T h i s r e p r e s e n t s p e r c e n t o f a r e a u n d e r A S T M s t a n d a r d Tirne-t e m p e r a Tirne-t u r e c u r v e
6
-T A B L E I . I . B
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF
U N P R O T E C T E D S T R U C T U R A L S T E E L C O L U M N S r - E F F E C T I V E L E N G T H , 1 Z F T . 8 I N .
SECTION SECTION MEMBERS
Nomi-nal Arq, 8 q , I n .
1 0 . l 7 SoUd nolloit g, E i!.-34H lb..
TN PlatoudAqlc X Oti J,'-J L6F PlatcudChwl I-bemud Cbauel
ffi
Iliticrd Atslo Btrrrtd Aagle(
-T A B L E I . I . C
DETAII-S OF CONSTRUCTION OF
UNPROTECTED CAST IRON AND PIPE COLUMNS
SECTION DETAILS
Rouad Cst lrco.
Ilor&oatally cost Ende retraiacd
!:DdB lot retrailcd
Eud! lot rEtrailcd
EDds not rctrai!€d CoDr.rcte, l:2:,1 I'ortlud ceueot Joliet end Joliet gravel
Etrds not restraiDed C o n c r e t c , l : l r r : 3 Portlud ceEeDt Cambridge und Wcst6eld blue trag
Elds aot rstroiD€d tl uglcs inqidc pipo, ,3tl ir. 316 io. 94 it Coocrote ume s lor No. 12
Rounrlcmtr'.". rrorirontaily *t$1fifflET
oYT,i,gi",j'#l'
#t
SIEI Pir, CoacrCts 6 lled T A B L E I . Z , A R E S U L T S O F FIRE TESTS C O L U M N S P A R T L Y PROTECTED BY O N C O N C R E T E Furns@ ExDosuro. Peircent ' Lmd gustained Du rin g Test, Lb. 85.l 0 L 6 04.9 90.0 0 & l 96. t 100.2 99.0 s9,2 11950) I 19500 lr6(m llf,000 ulmo t05000 t?roo l?2000 119500 r05 10f {16 {08 1 1 6 l 1 4 {15 {16 a{ts l{ l5 l6 t7 I E l0 m 2l 2i2Irlirturo I Iiind ol Contrete
Plote rnd Angle Pleto sDd Anglo l:3:.1 l:2:{ lvtl l:2:{ l:3:5 1:3:5 J o l i € t 9 r o 1 r e 1 . . . , . . Rtrkport 8nDlt6... l{ew Yort tmp... Ifard ml clnden. . N e w Y o r I t B p . . . . . Chlcsgo ll66tono..
Noy Yort tEp.., - .
8
-T A B L E L . Z . B
DETAII,S OF CONSTRUCTION OF'
COLUMNS PARTLY PROTECTED BY CONCRETE
PROTECTION l : 2 : t l:2:l l:2:{ l;lll:ll4 Portland cueat Joliet &Dd Joliet gravel Portlmd emot Plum lelmd eaod Rockport gruite Portland emeot brg lslmd sud New York trap PortlaDd cmot Iang Iatud rod Ilord wl cirdetr
Portludmat Iorg Isl8ld Ed New York trap
Pdtludmot l'or Riwr snd Chicego limatoc
PorllaDd @hot Iaug Iolmd urd Nw York tnp Portlald euqt Iaac Ielard ssDd Now YorL trsp Portlmdmot For Rivorsd Cbicago limatoc l2:l l:3:5 l:8:t n 2l
Z-bu eld Platc
I-ben ud Chuael
I.ban ard Chuel
Lrtlocd /t4lo
No!p:- The-hciz*tal tic!, m_sistl.ng-of l-inch bers.or,No. j wirc. sc bdt rrrud d wircd to ttr€ vcrticellilch bers. ard.rc Eired re h-cheiapart wniqllv.'
-Plete ud Arglo
9
-T A B L E 1 . 3 . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS ON COLUMNS PROTEGTED BY CONCRETE
Protoctlon SECTION
2 8 l R o l l e d E . . . .
32A | ?barand Plete A 3 i Roll€d 8... 8 3 4 I R o [ e d E . . . . -3 { I R o l l e d 8 . . . . 3 { A I R o l l o d g - . . . . 3 5 | no[od 8... 3E I PlatoondAngls.-. 2 6 4 | R d l € d E . . . - . . . . 2 9 I R o l l e d H . . . - . . 3 0 | RoU€d9...-... 3 t I R o l l e d E . . . . 3 2 | R o l t c d 8 . . - . . . . 37 | PletegndArgle....l 1 I I rilnd 3t I PlatosndCbonnol..l 2 Tblct nq$,ID. 119500 ll050o 119500 n05m us5(x, 119500 r05000 1195@ l{3rom 110500 l4o500o 110500 119500 tr0500 $48(m lt6m0 ll@qt iu65@ *u6500 lrl000 105000 t$2m0 105m0 1333000 rz2nm tz2mo 1240q) 122500 05500 0 c 0 95.2 9 C 5 & 2 90.4 t01.3 100.5 w . 2 9&8 9&0 r@.6 101,8 100. 3 90,9 rqt , 9 & 3 0e.1 90,6 0&5 0 & 7 10(L0 e0,7 90.0 09,6 Uir-tulo Ase ol
C,o-veE-;1?,
Kltrd ot Concrete 39 1() 1l u) t3 41 15 14 17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 { I I 1 a 2 2 2 l:e4 l:2:,1 r.24 l:2:{ t*,4 l:2:5 l9:5 t2|1 l',?,1 lt2t1 l:2:l l:&6 l?2r4 lf;1 112.4 lfr1 l:2:1 l:3:6 l:3:5 l:2l.1 l3:5 lr2:4 lt2t4 l:2:5 497 {3E 1a5 #t9 500 5ql 4q'I 450 r55 &2 1g 5(}1 146 5fir a{0 430 501 t5t 453 t56 458 447 {51 {40 ? - 1 0 4 - l 0 7 4 5 3 8 E 8 2 -Cblcsgo liBestono Chtcgm lim&tone Now YorL trop Jou6t gravel Clevelgnd ssDdston€ Eerd cosl dndors Eerd c{81 dDderg Cblcaso llmEtme Cblcsso llmestone R@kport grarit€ Roctsport Eromt4 ctlcagg um6tono NewYcL trep Now Yorl trsp Jollot gravel Iteramec R. gravel New Ycl lrep Chlcago llEostono Chlcaqo limeistgno Oevoland sandstoRs Cleveland sendstone Meramec R. gravel Ndw Yct treD Eard-col cinders 3 - 4 4 1 - t 2 8 - 0 8 ? - 5 t 7 -8 - 0 7 E -E _ 7 - g PlBt€and I8tttc€d Chsnnel..l 2 rorrtrd Zb8rand Pl8to....l I Aberand Plate....l 1 7 - 5 7 I-b€am snd Channel I-beam ond Cbannel { - 1 1 3 -t - 1 7r Eeavler losd used ss Dlates have l/32 in. creBter thichress thsn nominal. t ZiD. o|rkide rivets. 3xln. outside anlles:
I 0
-T A B L E I . 3 . B
DETAII,S OF' CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS PROTECTED BY CONCRETE
EECTION
Thicknw, I n .
Portlanq cemetrt For Rivcr sad Chiqgo limqtom l:2t{ $ m 8l 8r 2 , 2 t !:?:{ l:2:1 l:2:l l:2:l l:2:5 l:2:! Portlsnd ceDmt For River mnd Cbiego limestom Portlstrd cmeat Ionr Island sead liw York trap Portldd cemeDt Joliet ond Joliet gravel Portland emert Pele lelaad uud Cloveland mrdatoae Portlotrd ement Iooc lelald und IIsd col cilderr
Portlmd ccmert Iou kl,aad md Ilar-d cod cioden
l I -T A B L E I . 3 . B ( C o n t ' d ) DETAII,S OF CONSTRUCTION OF C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E Portlard cemot Plu Ialaod sld Roekport grsnito Portlmd moEt Plum Ielmd md nmkDort grsnit6 Portlsrd sm6ot For River snd Chicago limatoac Portlend c@6t Iong Ialard md New York trsD Portlsd 6Ee0t Iplg lebld ed New York tng
NOIE: Wiro tie ue ol No 6, B. & 8. guge, ctcl rrlre, t bord lDiratb, oD r dt h of g ll.
Portlsd @t!Bt Joliet md Joliet growl Poitlnd 661 l[anneo Rlwr raqd UemoRlvagnvC
t ?
-T A B L E l . 3 . B ( C o n r , d ) DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D BY CONCRETE Tbickles Iu. Portland emat Inng IsLud mrd Nsw York trao l : 2 : 1 PP.OTECTION Portland mmelt For River sDd. Cbi@go limetore Portland qment For River end Chiego limetomPortlond emot Pele Island srd Clovclmd sn&tom Portland emeot Pele Island eud Clevelud mdrtoas Portl,erl emot llenma Rivq md [Ienme River trrrrl Portlrtrd c@6S Iong Islaad md New Yort tnp at 42 t3 u Z-bar nnd Platc Z-bar ond Plato I-bam ard Cbmel I-bro aad Cbmel Etaned Aryle Ilttlced Alglo Roud Cst IrcD
NCIIE: Wire tle wherc uaod ue of No. 6, B. & B. gege, stet wirc mud l:3:5
l:3:5
l:2:4
1 3
-T A B L E I . 4 . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS ON COLUMNS PROTECTED BY BRICK
"?;:*'
Klnd of Brick sndFllllng110500
1t9500
T A B L E I . 4 . B
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS PROTECTED BY BRICK
IIiDd o[ Bricb Thick-lese ol Brick, Ia. CliFfooE@
Cbiaso mno bricl lgid frt
"-iD.
Eort$ oD 8a36
l
_ t 4 _
T A B L E I . 5 . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS ON
COLUMNS PROTECTED BY HOLI.OW CLAY TILE
Prot@tioD
RoU€d E.
Irttled Anglo.... Rmd Csst Iron. .
Kind of Tilc, Filltna, sld lrlctbod of Tyjrig New Jersey semi-ffre
c l s y . . . : . . . - . - . - . N o n l [ n g
Outside Nire tles S o m c n s N o . { S - . . - - . . Surlncc clay. Boston. Cranitc concretc fill No ti€s
- s c m c a s . \ i o . 5 0 - . . . . -Srlrlace cloi, Doslm Grmile concrelc fill Outsirle \Lire ties S o m c o s \ o . 5 1 . . . . -O h i o s h 8 1 c . . . - . - . Cindcr concrete tll Outsidc \rire ties Some os No. 52 . .. . -Ohio semi-0re clav. . -TraD concrctc nll' Outlide \rire tics Ohio ssml-flre clav. ... Limestonceoncrcie nU Outsido wirg ties Ohlo semi-Rre clsv. ... Llmestoneeoncrele 0ll Nire Eesh In joints Thlck-nss ol Tilo,In. Age oI Cover-rn8' Doys 496 497 ,t9.1 505 187 507 5r3 495 {89 {85 r9l t9l {r2 tgo 187 501 Irsd SustaiDod Durlng Tcst, Lb. Tlmo to FaiIure, Hr.-Mln. Funae Exnosure Pe-rcmt I r95{Xt 110500 1r60fr) rll7500 It6m0 I 16000 lllmo lllmo Iil000 l05un r05m l m l m ftm 122500 l!2ffi 955m ,95500 119500 l - 5 0 l - { 0 l -100.9 w . 0 09.8 { 9 50 MA 6l 5l/t 62 6i} 5{ I 2 { { { I Two 2 Two 2 romd rdtnd 2 3 - 2 3 l0l. E 10r.8 100.5 100.2 r0ll.0 r0r. I 90,5 ro(L I tm.0 10L 7 101.2 toc{ l(xlS tot.8 rm,0 0 & l 65 56 58 50 00 Surfam clav, Limesl,oneconcrete Outside wire tis Surlace clay, Chlego flollorv tilc fill lvirc m6h in Jolnts Surfom clay, CN6so. Ifollow til{t nI Outside wire ties
Outstdo s'lre ties Ohlo seEl-flre cl8y. -. No fllling
Oul,side wlre tis Pcous somi-f rc clav.
N e w J e r x y . . . . 1 i . N o n l U n s Outside -whe tt€s {8i} 4!B S a m e N N o . 6 9 . . . -Ohioshale:
Ohioseml-flre clay; seEi-nro clav. New Jersev. - -. Llm*ionaconcrefe oll Wiro msh in loints 4 l -0t 62 03 76 PlBtoaDd Arglo Wiro msh in roints Tilecovered with llln lsys of gypsum
l 5
-T A B L E I . 5 . B
DETAIL5 OF CONSTR{.ICTION OI.
COLUMNS PROTECTEI) BY HOII-,OW CLAY TILE
SECTION
thTsl|fl? clsy, Nes Jesey %-il mortar o Ouge Outlids wiptim
."f,jiu.;f,"o", New Jerey %-itr, Eortar oa fluge
Surhce c-lay, Boaton dFtrrct
!4:il. nottar ol f,rogc
Eame s lio. 60
Sulrca clay, B@toD disl.rict
lYriD ecrtar on fluge Outlide wire tie
Somo os No. 6l
Obio ahsle Za-i!. mts oa 6uts Ouwido wiro tid
l:3:5 oncrete Portland cemot Plum lelond eud Rockport greite Seme as No. 6{)
l:3:5:6nmt6 Portland emeot Plum Island sand Rockport greite Sue s No. 61 Pbtc ud Ansle Plsto md Aogle Plltoad Cbed l:2:5 @lcreto Portlstrd eEat Loas l!l$d sd Ilard ml drdo Ohla shale I'iu. nortar oo f,ugo Outoido iriro tiet
l:2:5: ooaugte Portlsrd emdt Ialg Llaad ud Ifard sl ciqdcn
_ 1 5 _
T A B L E l . 5 . B ( C o n t ' d )
DETAII,S OF CONSTRUCTION OF
COLUMNS PROTECTED BY HOLI,OW CLAY TILE
and Netbod ol Apgliotion
Ohio reol-6re cloy Outgide wiro ties
l:3;5 @!crete, Portlard ement Inng Islaod md Now York ttat
Ohio rmi-6re clcy Out€ids win ti6
Ohio eemi-firu clay r,.Gia. wimmeb iu bori. ' -rontal
ioiots
Surlace clay. Chiegp district
Outsido wire tis
Surlao clgy, Cblego district
t4-ir. mortor otr f,sg6 )6.ia. virc m6h h
hori-rcutsl ioirtr Surlu clay, Chicsgo
GtNG
X-in. mort*o floge Outsido wire ti6
l:3:5: mncrets. Portland cemmt For River eerd Chicago limotoo
l:3:5: @ocrete, Portland cemmt Fox River sald Chi6go Um6tone T\ro l.io. t s o 2-in. l:3:5: @!6oto, Portlaad cem6t For River md Chicago linetom
Hollow clgy tilo, 2 by lz-by 0 b. at
at 6ds 3 by. 12 by 0 lo" ot
sc6 Hollow cley tile, I by 12 by 0l,o. $t 3 b y 1 2 b y 0 i r . a t
1 7
-T A B L E t . 5 . B ( C o n t ' d ) D E T A I L S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N O F
COLUMNS PROTECTED BY HOLLOW CLAY TILE
Iiind of Tile aod l[ctbod of Appliotior
Ohio *mi-fire clay !l-in, mortar betwm
and tile Outside wire ti6
l:2:{: concrott Portland cement lnng Ieland eand New York trap Fill ploed betqe
tile ws soC
RoudCst Ircn
Porcus semi-fro clay, New Jerrcy diatrict tl-in. motter .. uutsrdo wo tl6 Semeas No.6ll Ohio eemi-6re clay Outeide rirc tie
Ohio shale: Ohio es clry; smi-6re cley, Jereey diatrict
trict lX-iD. mortsr on l-ia. mortor oo,Ilul Zs-u. qm mm U
ront8l joints Tile overed with a
l-b.layot ol l:l 1 PtGtsr
Semi-firo clay, New Jer eur{a@ clay, Chi( surface clay, Bmtoa
No filliry
|116 Cllil8 l:3:6: concretg Portland em{[]" For River rod Chiccgo liretoue
l:3:5 owrctc Portlmd emeot For River rod Cbiegolimta.o
NOTE: -Tbc- moltr-ued _ir ettia3 tbc tile ouisted ol I gut Portlud mot. I p&rt lioc al$tt rnd { ports 6mbccbot bul rud.
_ l 8 _
T A B L E T . 6 . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS ON
C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D B Y GYPSUM BLOCK
T A B L E I . 6 . B
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OT' COLUMNS PROTECTED BY GYPSUM BLOCK
0r I RolldE Plata md Cbr!!d 00 | Iatti€d I CbuDol O I RolbdE 0?-,1 | Rdrd E T*t No. SECTION Thlclns ol Bl@k, Protectlon l\8e ol Cover-I n c . Dais Load Sustalned Durlns Tst, f,b. Tlno to Failure, gr.-[Un. Furnaco Exposurq Pe16oi
Kiod ot Bl@k, Fllling god IUethod ol TylnE & 65 00 67 07.f, Rolled E. Plste and Chaunel Lsttl6d Cbsuel Rollsd E. Roued H. 4 2 2 I { w2 505 495 tg2 {91 119500 ll1000 1r1000 ll9500 119500 4 - +\yl 2 - 2rt1 2 - & 5 - l r ' { 6 - % h 104.5 ro.. 6 lo|.0 t0l,2 90,7
ffifi I "Xt*'"fr;;rs"*,
. . {OTE: Thc gyprum bloclp wm-mt i! Epst r oooliltbS ol I gcrt by voluc ot u0 u6hrrl Grlci!€d BtpluD !!d 3 Frrts 6De lrLo sd.
1 9
-T A B L E I . 7 . A
R E S U L T S O F F I R E T E S T S O N
COLUMNS PROTECTED BY PLASTER ON METAL LATH
Test l i o . Losd Sustaincd During T€st, Lb. Tlms to Fslluro, Br.-Mlir, Furnm Expcu6, Percont SECTION Pl8to snd Anglo.. Platoand Chmool Abor and Plst€. . Iatdcsd Angle. .. Rd!!d Csst Iron.
Two 2{ort lcyers of Portland coment nlostcr ou gxnanded metst loth, cach layer I ln. thick, s'ith I 9l-lD. sir sp8s lEtwmn lavors
Two ?4Gt l8yors ot Portl8nd commt plaster on woven rire lath, eoch layer % in. thick wlth I %-i!. Bir spsco b€twe€n lgYors
One z+ot tayer ot Portlsnd c metrt Dlaster, I tn. tbict. oq exDsnded mstsl l8tb One 2dmt lsyor of Pdrtlond
c€-ment plNter, lX in. tb,ick, on cxp8nded metsl lsth ODe 2cot layor ol Portland s
Eent plastor, ltd In. thick on hish ribM cxDand€d motal lsih with a l4in. broLeo olr spae '117500 toit. I 2 -| - s -| N | - B k 2 - 6 6 t 0 1 . 6 4W 498 t@.? Ifi.? 06.8
. Eavlos lod us€d Bs plato bsg V32 to. grester thictnos thEtr soldosl.
T A B L E I . 7 . B
DETAI].S OF CONSTRUCTION OF
COLUMNS PROTECTED BY PLASTER ON METAL LATH
.PROTECTIO.\
Two 2oot laycn ol Portloud cement plostcr on No. 24 erpanded metal lsth, @h lsyet I in. thick, witb o N-i!. Bir spEs botwm rayem
Ono 2-6st layer ol Portland 6mst DlNtor, I io. tbick, o! lio. 24 erpuded metal latb
One 2-mt loyer ol PortJod comcnt pl6t4r, I X i!. thick, o! No. 24 erpuded melsl lrth
ODo 2.@t layer ol Portlald @matrt Dlsltor, lX in. thick, on high ribbcd emded motsl loth witb ).1-ir. brokeo air aDadt
Itouad Cret Irca
ColuEr Setio! tue s No. g
"o o c) o X 0) ! D p j .<--I l o l o >,{ o t + { l i l ( ' l t ( f l T . d sl l d o o o o f-(fl t ( f )
3 r l
o > .
o N d H g @ d d E r l F & HH H
d i . c D. 9 r
( 1 ) ( l ) aa O . H F ) x q r x g l v d.3
ur
tr
'=
rO \o o. Uz
- d . o t€ E
d t { o o tl tt{ € o) € J Hu
'|J d o J € o g ) o H o OXTH
Ee R j
4
t f ) . O N @ F - r f @ ( A N C f ) N G I N ( N .o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o \ O O I O \ O c e l @ \ O O . t O ( f l F { + $ \ t r r o c r ) c r ) c q r o + \ O d^{s
sj
o . t Fo3
t r h
z
0) F Fr s (d ! € a d o O f { € O 0) s tc
Ho
p o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O . N I O I O O . O O g . . o O \ O O O I O O F { O O O O O . d d t aa T t{ or'{
- t { s{ O F-t _ o o o \o E O E . n dE q
O F { "o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r o o o o o o r n o O . \ O e t t O N N . d { F { O N G l ( \ l d a (t) . d I t{ q) o t{ & trE
d ou
I k ( l ) q )E 3i
C) Fi o{(n
c'- ro o d $ o d FI N r\ O @ f . O t * -LO \tt :il d f - \ O $ @ d d ( I ' d . = o F TE - : d
o - \ u )
z
v F -$ N cd ,.; N o F - O \ O @ N O f - f - ( A o f f ) @ F - O . H o p U c) tn 4 (l) ( g ' t ' I e l q e l e e s ) ' o N acue.rolall d N ( r . ) S t O \ O F - O -zo-o F o 14 t-rz
H (/)z
Ff rlo
o
J [4 f'-14 _; F{ C I o r F r4
-&
oz
ti- a
Q f'] thq
o
rl ho
Q (t) )'t Jz
d
14
Ja
t-tz t
-ro \o o. O rn > , = 6 ) H l " n O j h o € 4 a{ f \ ro d J o I Ft ou
E ( H 0 ) d o = 6 * o G o b \ A 1 } . ' i . H N N N o. rO f-o. o. c-o.\s
t.r) @ @ N rO \o rr) O O O O o r o N ( \ I o. o. o rr) N o' G-t o j o . j3 E
O X
H F { Z \fl I o O o. s) H F{ ! Y O $ X F { tH ' o o a) a F O d J o o c-<i cr) N O o cr. $ o o O O F-O. F-@ F-@ F-@ d F{ fA \ J d o s { \tl t le o
; g
."i j 3r -.u tJ \o I O O € '.1 dE g
O. F{ { t1 F{ O o o \o cO N o rO v O O O O rO rO @ r o o. o. o o rO LO U) q) I t{ o t{ n s Ho
t l . F-i;
s { * l l .6 rO>g
N N .d cd \O \O N \oG
g d : E i l -5 < c tz v )
. p ^ 9 ,-! - f l S
t H g b
# ; E ;
g " t 3q
v ) 6 6 a A 5 . su u
Lo (f) !ill-++
cr) F-\F I O c) V) € ( C ' t ' t a 1 q e l e a g ) 'oN ecrreJaJall o. o N (ft ul F a 14 F.ta
(,)z
F\ Jo
U 14 ft"-A jBo
a?
z
o
-& a
* [ 4
P-1 "J ( ^ F O E {oz
r . H c-r n QEH
J dA O
0 { O
< I'l
@ da
o
rl ho
(A a>-'
rlz
4tr
co 14 Jn
tstR E F E R E N C E M i t c h e l l , N . D . , G y p s u r n . R e s e a r c h P a p e r o f R e s e a r c h , V o I . I 0 , J u n e N O T E S
_ z ?
-SE CTION 2 F i r e T e s t s o f C o l u m n s P r o t e c t e d w i t h R P 5 6 3 , B u r e a u o f S t a n d a r d s . J o u r n a l 1 9 3 3 . T h i s i n c l u d e s r e s u l t s o f 6 t e s t s o n s t e e l c o l u r n n s p r o t e c t e d by gypsurn block masonry. Tirne to failure by collapse and ternperature of the steel at the tirne of failure are both recorded.T A B L E 2 . 1 . A R E S U L T S O F F I R E T E S T S O N C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D B Y G Y P S U M BLOCK LoBd I Prot€ctlve covortog Erposurs, porynt rtandsrd Porlod of grpaD-slon T'lmo to (olluro
Tempersture st tlmo of falluro
Klud t ThlcIDess ovet f,ange ol column, eYorage Not atrs of column snd oovorlng Maxlmum lndic8tod tomp€ra-turs In column ABnges Avorago at the bottost o l 1 soctloDs AYoreg0 for oectlons N , M , sDd ? I$dct 216 . 2 9 2 " 9 . L 2 2% 2 8q.,nf,.t ra0 123 163 0.1 t07 u lm t(X, 100 l0l 100 r00 Ht. m,n. 0 3 0 6 m 6 E 0 2 6 2 4 0 5 2 8 t Hr. mla. 6 i l 6 1 0 6 1 7 2 6 2 1 2 1 2 it3 700 (r) 57! 55t 671 587 o c . 01, o c . 65,1 65{ 5t{ 643 66 668 HA 605 660
I Tbo alloeBble load computed by tho AmerlcaD llstttuto ol Stool OonstruclloB torEula, based ou oa ecectlve lsngth of l!{ lochos sDd lssst rsdius ot gyrsflon of l.A6 lDches (Ur - st.2) is 12,e00 lbs./ln.t
t 8@ flg. 2 for do3sils ofconstroctlon.
I Tho Eross thlcknoss ol mvering ol colu-En no. 2 wes a% Incbos. . Tbe moasuromoBts ol temperaturos of @lun Bo. 2 wer6 not rellsble I Tbo gross thicknoss ol covorbg ol columa no. 4 wrs 8 Inch€6.
2 3
-F I G U R E 2 . 1 . B
D E T A I L S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N O F
C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D B Y G Y P S U M B L O C K
44-nmesh, /4gage weldad wrra fabric
EE/psum concrele Wire /ath stnbs ?mgypsum /'h.plaster
COLUMN NO. I COLUMN NO.3
l-inmttaron ftange t-m.'l?ga.cmmps-COLUMN NO.2 3-in hollow qgpsum bla /-n. plaster ogoinsl flanges atlbnts on/g
Ho/es for cramps
dril/edhto ?-in
solid b/ocks
t-n plaster
COLUMN NO.4
2 4 -SE CTION 3 R E F E R E N C E M i t c h e l l , N . D . , F i r e T e s t s o f S t e e l C o l u r n n s w i t h s i l i c e o u s A g g r e g a t e c o n c r e t e . B u i l d i n g M a t e r i a l s R e p o r t , B I v L S l2 4 . U . S . D e p t . o f C o m m e r c e , N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s , W a s h i n g t o n , f 9 5 I . NOTES P r o t e c t e d and Structures B u r e a u o f
T h i s r e l a t e s t o 4 t e s t s o n s t e e l colurnns with siliceous
a g g r e g a t e c o n c r e t e c o v e r t e s t e d under load. The tests were conducted at the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, and reported in 195f . The clear and rnilky quartz aggregate was selected as an exarnple of alrnost 100 per cent quartz crystals and did not resernble regular con-c r e t e a g g r e g a t e s . T h e m i x h a d t o b e a d j u s t e d t o r n a k e the concrete
workable. Details of the construction and fire endurance periods are
2 5 -tr F J q ? o : H H . i 9 t r L ' d . t ^ o 7 a e : P " ; > r , @ d o
h z
cq rtr a r - O 0 ) ; d t P o o i o b o b o c - c 2 . : i l Y I . -H V f V O t r l . H d d o ' : ) A v -E t- . / V A o . H X O t r q k o = f t h N (r) o u O F . H - i t , . ) r,1 o o u''l $ N (.1 co 11 c O c O N (fl € d (n C) t r O t t i d a h ' n o I q) F{ : d ' :" d r *
; i _ o *j or 1 d \o {r o. (ft (v) tr- o N O $ . f q) bo d -r h Q ) o t - @ t n $ \O t.-$ cfl (f) (v'l Lr 0) O C) o lr (.) tr o o ( f i o O. \O N o o @ @ rf) ro N N X N N (f) d) d l N r l N (n cf) i l N - l N c \ l N o d bo 0) b0 N N ( d ( d } - t { . j / ' d , Q ( , ) v o l ^ o > d3 3 3
F ETG
5-no ., o . d = & o< " 1
F-@ o . i . { ; 9 t n s- - a * . 4 o o N N \g \O F t s p . o N N \O \Oz
! o F (\t fO rf (/) Z p Jo
U J FI |JI E1 Z C D O H tq F{ O O -^ l'1 il t-'N Y
!"r t F H H Fr { H
g F
h h tr Ho
A f'1 d { -. at; f'] J rt1 F{_ 2 6
-S E C T I O N 4
R E F E R E N C E
M i t c h e l l , N . D . , and J. v. Ryan. Fire Tests of steer corurnns
Encased with Gypsurn Lath and Plaster. Building Materials and Structures,
R e p o r t B M S 1 3 5 , U . S . D e p t . of Cornmerce, National Bureau of Standards, W a s h i n g t o n , I 9 5 3 .
NOTES
T h i s i n c l u d e s r e s u l t s o f I 6 t e s t s o n steel colurnns protected by plaster on gypsum lath. The colurnns, with two exceptions, were tested without load using the alternative rnethod of test of ASTM Erlg eg47l. Two of the columns were tested under load providing a means of cornparing the two test conditions.
T A B L E 4 . I . A
RESULTS OF FIRE TESTS ON COLUMNS PROTECTED BY PI,ASTER ON GYPSUM I.ATH
Num. hor of lryon lVlrc lsbrlc rcln-lorc ment gtrunsth A A B B B c c o c o c c o c c c lblIn.t 741) 710 4{n 0{t0 tr{, t00 &30 tto 800 890 7r0 7S0 300 un t00 000 lbltt.z 7ltl 740 to.l 000 5m 3{0 500 5.n r,0&) t , m t,370 l,3?r) G30 a0 l , r m t,2s0 No No No Ya Y€s I Yc8 Y6 YB No No No No Y6 No No No zt| nl n5 na T' na ND m ztt 8t t2 'B g ttz tf, 3ra Ssnd - ---.. - _ - - _ d o _ , _ _ _ . -P o r l l t o . - - . - - - . d o . d o , , -- -- _ -- -- d o _ -- . -- _ _ _ d o d o . -- -- -- -- _ d b -- -- _ -- _ -- -- . d o . -- _ -- _ -- d o , _ -- _ -- -- -- . - _ - . - d o _ _ _ - - _ Vomlollto Perllco, Perllco, Perllco, d o -do I Mh .'t : I Frt ol gyum pl<fi tl Mr.o|.!'tttto|3yD{I.lo*,"..,?.1?fh%"tTss"(Hf,'P''filt!".'??s*.3i"3l39#hT".ljEIlf;.MtrI|:lEtt|(oncl|xllbkrg)olgypunp|astcr0o2}{fto|sgE ;+tTf#tr#r?"1ff,ffi.HXri'#SlillffiJ""#Hr#:.i"1#lP;fl,"1[l;,?i 1."1*H:."'*d'ndphstcrbvvoru'e.
. Tto 8t?n!o lonpeBam o{ t,u)oo F ot oEe l, lcr lmd mrttd,
End-Inlnt crll4rlon t? 6ta l i l t I 3it 2 r 0 3 [ 6 8 S t { , t m 1 t 7 2 3 e 3 9 , , € 3 { t { t 0 t 3 0 2 8 3 1 2 r,ofl)" F---. l.{xx}o F---. I.ilXP r_--. I,mp F__--t,oflf r_---r,mf F---. l i @ d r I e d -r,flno F-_-_ r,ofif r----t , @ F . _ - _ r,0000 F----r,omo F-_--I,U|0P F---_ t,00d r,m0p F-__-Dort n a 35 3l g1 {l 1l {0 3{ ti :!0 a l 52 12 0t m t I 1 t t I 8 t0 t0 Nmc I Pertorulcd--N o n e l d o . . N o n e l d o -None I Ploln.---N m e l . - - - - d o - - - . N o e l d o , m . 5 0 0 l . d o _ . -n 8 E t a t t l0 l0 8 E t t 6 I t E 10wtr40 t0l1'F{0 l0lvFtg towFag rowF{0 rowr40 6gm towr{0 t0\vF{0 towF{9 rorvrri towF{0 lowF{0 towF{0 rowr{0 rowtrto Ir rtf I B t s 2 1 7 t 6 0 3 3r0 r t 2 { t t { 3 t 2 :iD 8 3 1 2 B 3 r l 4 1 0 t 3 0 t z E 3 { 3 n.9 tot. a n . 6 lut S t m 8 lm.l lm.6 l m 0 l m t sc.8 100,6 lm.o tm.2 rm.0 l(D.0 T e s t s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h A S T M E l 1 9 - 4 7
? 7 -F I G U R E 4 . I . B DETAII.S OF CONSTRUCTION PROTECTED BY PLASTER ON OF COLUMNS G Y P S U M L A T H TEST NO.275
r'2 t saNo€D GYPSUM PLASTER DOUBLEO SACX ON P€RFORATEO GYPSI" LATI{ TIEO IO coLUM r rl[TH OOTJSLED lO GA.WTRE rs'OC.
CORNER EEAD STAPLED
TEST NO 275
zj curr eenurre ro I oac GypgJfrr
oou-BL€O gAO( o.{ PERFORAIEOGYPSIJ" LATH TEO TO @Ll,ti,t{ wlIH Oot BLEO l0 GA WIRE | 'b-C
r e I soroeo cve*il PLAsrEi oouBLEo 6ACX OT P€RFORATEO GYPSIJiI LATI{ TIED IO COLUMN wlTX DOUSLED I8 GA-wlRE t5.OC.
CORNER BE@ STAPLEO ANO TIEO IO LATH
TEST NO 276
zlcu rr eenr-rre ror BAG Gypsrnrr
oou-BLEO EACI( oi| 2 LAYERS OFG"IPSJI{ LATH TIEO rc courMr{ wrl}| DoTTBLED tSGA.wrRE 23'Oc. AI{o SRAPPED WTTH f HEX MESH 2OGA.GALV WIRE FAERIC.
? B
-F I G U R B 4 . l . B ( C o n t ' d ) DETAII,S OF CONSTRUCTION PROTECTED BY PLASTER ON
CORNER €€AD TI€O TO IVIRE FAARIC
OF COLUMNS GYPSUM I.ATH
CORN€R BEAO TIEO TO
// LATH UREnES
TEST NO.277
a fcu rr PERLTTE Tor BAG GYPst M FoR SCiAICH Ar'D BROYN COATS ON GYPSJM LAIH TIEO TO COtr'MT{ WITH OOTIBLED I8 GA, WIRE 23" OC WRAPP€O WITH I.HEX MESH 20GAGALV WIRE FASRIC OVER SCRATCH COAT
COf,NER BEAD STAPLED ANO TIEO TC' LATH
TESTS NO.288,292,W2
2 CI'.FT PERLITE TO I 8AG GYPSIJM FOR SCR-ATC}I ANO 3CU.FI PERUTE TOt BAG GYPCJM FOA BROIfVN COAT ON PERFORATEO GVPST'ITI LATH TtEo To@urnN w|TH oolrBLED loGAwtRE ts.o.c
TEST NO.3O8
2 ClJ F' PERLITE TO I BAG GYPSUM FOR SCRATCH AND 3 CU FI TO I BAG GYPSUM FOR BROWN COATS ON PERFORATED GYPSUM LATH TIED To coLUMN wtTH DoUELED t8 GA ruRE I'oc.
TESTS tlo.278379@,294
2 CTI. FT PERLITE TO t BAG GYPSUM FOR SCR-ATCH ANO 3 TFT. PERLITE TO I BAGGYPSUM FOR EROV{N @AT ON E LAYERS OFGYPSJM LATH TIEO To COLUMNWITH OoIJELED ISGAWR€ 23. qc. aNo wRApp€D wtTH fHEx nEsH aoGA. GALV. WIRE FAERIC. TEST ?94 I',SEO VERMCULTTE.
CORNER BEAO STAPLED
TESTS NO.289.293
2 CU.FT PERLITE TO I BAG GYPSUM FOR SCR. ATCH ANDSCU.FT PERLITE TOI BAGGYPSUil FOR EROIIII{ @ATON 2 LAYERS OF G'TPSUM LA1H lrEoro@urMN wmt ooTJBLED I8GA.$RE 25.O.C.
@RNER BEAOCUT.FOLD€O ANo STAPLED To LATH AT6.NTeRvALs
2 CU FT P€RLITE TO I BAG GYPSUM FOR SCRATCH ANO 3 CU.FI TO I 8AG GYP$JM FOR AROWN COATS ON PERFORATED GYPST.|M LATH TIEoTo coLUMN WITH DoUBLED ISGAWIRE Is"oc COflNER BEAD LAPPEO I"OVER
AAIOwtRED To 3"x S..dsTRtPs oF METAL IATH STAPT_ED TO GYPSUM LATH
_ 2 9 _
S E C T I O N 5
R E F E R E N C E A s h t o n , L . A . , a n d N . D a v e y . F i r e T e s t s o f S t e e l C o l u r n n s f r o m r r l n v e s t i g a t i o n o f B u i l d i n g F i r e s , P a r t V . F i r e T e s t s o n S t r u c t u r a l E l e r n e n t s r ' . N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g S t u d i e s , R e s e a r c h P a p e r N o . 1 2 , H . M . S t a t i o n e r y O f f i c e , L o n d o n , 1 9 5 3 . N O T E S T h i s i n c l u d e s r e s u l t s o f 6 I f i r e t e s t s o n s t e e l c o l u r n n s c o n -d u c t e -d a t t h e B r i t i s h F i r e R e s e a r c h S t a t i o n . T h e t e s t s w e r e r n a -d e b e t w e e n 1 9 3 6 a n d 1 9 4 6 i n s u b s t a n t i a l a c c o r d w i t h B S 4 7 6 ( I 9 3 3 ) . S o r n e d e v i a t i o n sappear to have been rnade in the loading conditions in certain cases where
s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s w e r e b e i n g i n v e s t i g a t e d . I n o r d e r t o a s s i s t t h e d e s i g n e r
i n r e l a t i n g t h e s e f i r e t e s t s t o p r e s e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n p r a c t i c e s , a c o m p a r i
-son has been rnade between the load applied at the tirne of test and the I o a d t h a t w o u l d b e r e q u i r e d b y s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e N a t i o n a l B u i l d i n g C o d e L 9 6 5 .
o o t k : : T' o @ |! o F 6 N 6 O .o o N o \o o\ or. N N ro N N € * ' 6 -. ! F l H = d . d x r o r . r n ( r ) c | . r \ O N C O o | . O . \ O r 6 @ r l r ) 0 o o o o o o e o o o |! |! o rr o o o
i;
> E < O . O . $ + O o ( 4 N o r l o ( f | t i r o o d r { N { { a A o0 C) k v) o o o o o o o o o o o < 1 6 $ N N i r < l O . r O n N r r ) l d l N $ 6 \ t r r f l \ O 6 6 t F h d @ N o o o o o o o N 6 n 6 0 6 r O d ) o { | o $ o o o . o o s r a 6 6 N O O C ) @ $ r f t f n r $ E - ^ q r R 9 q o r : d < ' 9 N O O < F r t o N r \ 0 6 \ O @ @ @ 6 F r N d r i { r $ o d bo 0 h b0 b0x
x
x a e * T.t =.{ r.H *fi tf 6fi
*i xI T! til i{i T! xr T: hj r:
6 E 3 i 3 i 5ii 5*i 6i 3i 6i 6i 6{
g g g F 9 g 1 1 { t g { } c d . : x H > z < r + + $ \ t r + s f r f + \ F N N N N N N N N N N o F o o d o EB 9 ?
> 3 3
N \ d o - : . E 5 . 8 H O -.f N nl ({ N N ltl N o a N o ' - : ^ ! i ! o { 9 c , € N \ O \ O € N S r n O m n o 6 6 n o @ r @ F o O E k o :F g i
O \ O € d l \ O f ) d i x x x x x x < r + t f $ . i l t n x x x x x x \ o + o o o o 4 X X X X $ + < { X X X X € € \ O \ O o o (') € o - - 9E . b 3 i * a ^
4 o - E t - . ' 6E E H ! g ; E
n 4 Z r Y : -o -o \ o o O . O @ < l o \D o. @ o o o o o o o \ O \ O € € S \ O \ O o o o o o ( q d l n r + s f l { ' i f l < r $ ; o X ! j < - - ? . Y O O . Y o & o" v) < 5 o o o o o . f o N r n o N c O F \ O O . N s l O . O . o o o o o $ + { ' t f t f o . o ' o . o o ! + + t r Y O U ) H $ t t r t t i < r $ < r + o . o . ! n o o o o o o o o o i . o b D ? Z i : . H i i . 9 ; Ej Y', o @ r o 6 ri( N H E{ H d z o F f-l Fl o f'l F{ r?. : t h z d I f.l J H Z (a F q E F E h h tn F ,l o Eq o. .o o (s a ; q tg X a 0 q o @ d o k d 'l 6 H @ o !d o
I
h o o k l x - 0 € ; 9 F v * * O N r € N r \ l | O \ O N @ C O \ O o N o 6 o 6 6 N o N 0 6 S 6 O $ $ O O O o d t t N o d o . € o o 9 0 . + $ n N \ n N : l r r s n o $ N N N \ n r a N r O N € \ O r € 6 \ 0 6 6 $ < 1 € $ . O < { S N o ' o N O o { l o o o' a o a a 1 ( ] 0 0 6 6 6 € 6 $ O O o o o N o o o , o r i d o o N O O 0 6 O $ 6 6 O O 6 € 0 6 6 6 0 r o € 6 r f o o . f 1 6 6 O @ 6 r C o r r r 0 6 < 1 O 6 6 $ S c O r n 6 @ n r rTH*$g*gE
glE EH
xH
IrHtF uH
uH
TrE *E ,E
.!S
ii; siS JtS 8S
.!S
5tS
.!,*
.!$
.!; s;-i .iS
.iS
1 1 s - a e € q i q l : ' : * : ; < r $ + o $ < r < { N N N N N N N . ' @
3 E
r u 0 6 - \ o - - j i i _ o H N N N N . ' l d a N N N r u J d N N o N N N N N N \ O N N N N N + N N X $ x € X € 6 o o o o t n o x x o o o X X X + d r < . X X x X x € x X X x < r ! i l + H o o o o o {l o o o o o o * o o o o o o o O 9 € \ O O . O i S € € S \ O r r - = 6 O . O O O O b O . O O 6 O @ @ i N O < r r n € r O 6 0 N o0 o d r a i d , : k t L 5 T' H o @ o o o i E . i r B q t P i 5 ; x P E e e 6 3 s e N @ c o " : . E ' o ; . i ' t . i _ - t r ' 6 6 o
- f l f l . - , . 8 H - f E o
o
N
N
)t O < r \ t r \ O H c ^ @ 6 o r . : f t 6 6 n s t N ! { 6 6 o o o o o o o o o l! t! A (, qJ k U F ; -' 5 8 > E e t f r N @ ! t r @ o n + @ bI) 0 k (a o o o. rf @ nl I o >, d N o o o o o o o o o r 6 c | 6 r t r o 6 6 ( t l o ( " ) o d N d . t r r r f n $ t l + t f ( 4 F l = ^ " R itrig
\ O r r $ 6 0 S 0 6 @ N d l n O . O + . r t { | n N f i o o o bI) 0 H b0 b0TE I$H
igH r$H
gEiEiEiEiE
.!; E5s
s53
EIt 8$ 8$ .!; .!;.!;
6 . 5 xE:
z Y * T T T 1 T Y C O N N N N N N N N o o @ d 0 H E X i . < U v N N \ o o . : > d t t i -n N d r $ g N N N N 3 . -o 9 - : k n o o 4 g o o o o @ $ o o o N N N N \ O N \ O O n l d N d o F U> L Ot :
ri O 6 O f i \ O . O . O \ O \ O -x -x -x -x -x -x -x -x -x ! n < 4 : f \ t r $ + r f l ! i l $ x x x x x x x x x \o \o € .o <r sl rt :tr sf o U c) o at)5 , s r f ;
: P o . t ( ! 1 ^ d . r - E r j ' i lSjEigo*
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o f i r f l $ \ t t t l s f t $ < n \ n n d H X g l o . ; Y o . A r a * < 5 a d E 9. 3 i
o o o o o o c ) o o o o o o o o o o o \ O \ O \ O \ O \ O € € F O . O . O . O . \ O O . O . O . O N N ! + * o Y ( a g ) E $ $ $ t f \ f l { $ { r + A 4 d . o b p ? Z i : . HJ ; ;
N N @ N r N \o N n N N3 2
-H F t'l z E F{ E F{ ^ t T' IJ o u ); ?
r n o r.l o ' l z o H 4 F 9 F IA I,l F{ E fr h o t t-r ,l D t rN N !il s N N 6 N o. o. N 6 n o $ 6 N N N r s o 6 6 6 n i t o o 6 N O O c O @ o o r t r $ s x x x x - 6 d d r d : d 9 E 9 E : E 9 E G - 6 ; l " : c l :
6 i 3 { . 6 * 3 { .
o 6 $ n r $ r f N N N N N N N O N N N + 6 6 6 4 N € \ O O \ O ' / , x X X s $ s + I ' A N X $ < r + + o @ d @ r o N N O N @ r o m o o N . n $ $ - f N N N N3 4 -F I G U R E 5 . I . B D E T A I L S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N O F C O L U M N S P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E 6
u
4'x Jx lo LE. Rs.t S T E E L F A B R I C R E I N F O R C E M E N T e'x4' vEsH lss.w.G tli'covEg 1 , 2 : 4 G R A Y E L A 6 6 R E G A T E C O N C R E T EG
covER 4 x 5 r l 0 L B . R , . s . I S T E E L F A B R I C R E I N . F O R . C E M E N T 6"x 4' MESH t3 s.\,tlc l'cov ER, I ? : 4 G R , A V E L A G 6 R E 6 A T E c o N c R , E r E(z
V,
+ ' ' ' C ' t O L E . R . s I S T E E L F A B R I C R E I N F O R C E M E N T . 6 " x 4 M E S H l 5 5 . W . G 1 i 2 , 4 € R A V E L A € 6 R E 6 A T E c o N C R E T E t " c o v E R(!
4'x 3'* loLB. R.st S T S E L F A B R I C R E I N F O R C E M I N T 6 ' x 4 r M E S H . t 5 3 W 6 . fcovEn. l : 2 : 4 c o N c R E T E A G G R , E G A T E o F w H l N s r o N E f o o l E n r r e t Y P e ) I L . B . s A N D ./a
Y-/
+'l< S', touc. n s.r S T E E L F A B R , I C R E T N F O R C E M E N T 6 " x 4 ' M E s H , t 5 5 W 6 . 1 . . 2 : 4 C O N C R E T E O F C R U S H E O U N U S E D c L A Y B R r c K ( e o r o s f i Y 9 ' 1 , )@
W I R E N E T T I N 6 RE IN FORCE MENT 4 " M E s H , 1 6 s . l { . 6 . I I C O V E R 4't x 3ttx lO LB. R . 5 . J . 1 , 2 ' 4 e R A v T L A c 6 R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T El ' - 0"
(7
\-W I R E N E T T I N 6 R E I N F O R C E M E N T 4 l l M E s H , 1 6 s . w . 6 l " c o v E R 4 r r x S r r x 1 0 L B . R . S . J . l l II
4 C R A V E L A 6 C R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T E@
G"* lr)x 20 LB. R sT. S T E E L F A B R I C R E I N F O R C E V € N I 6 t ' x 4 ' M E s H , 1 3 s . \ ^ t 6 . O R A V E L COYER l : A 6 6 R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T EF I G U R E 5 . I . B ( C o n t ' d )
DETAII.S OF CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E
(9)
\_-/ W I R E N I T T I N 6 R E I N F O R C E M E N T 4 r M r s n , 1 6 s w . G l ' r c o v E R 6r x 4lztt t 20 t8. R . S . J . I , 2 ' 4 5 R ^ V E L A 6 6 R I 6 A T E C O N C R E T Eai
8 x 6 x 3 5 L t s . R S-J. ) T E E L F A t s R I C R E T N F O R C E M E N 1 6 t x 4 ' M E S H 1 3 s . r v c C O V E R l : 2 : 4 G R A v E LA G 6 R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T Eal
g'x6'r 35 tB. R . S . ITEEL FAERIC REINFORCEMENI 6rx l' MESH,lS S.rv.G. t'cov I : 2 : , 4 G R A V E L A G G R E G ^ I E C O N C R E T E
a3
8 " r 6 o 1 5 5 L 8 , R 3,J.TEEL FAERIC REINFOR.CEMENI 6 " r 4 " M E S H , t! 5 w 6
I ' 2 . 4 c o N c R E T E o F C R U S H E D
wHtNSToNE (BASALr TYPE) SAND
qJ
8 ' x 6 " x 3 5 L B . R 5 J
STEEL FABRIC REINFORCEITENT 6 ' x 4 ' M E S H . 1 5 S w G . I : 2 : 4 C O N C R E T E O F C R U S H S D w H t N S T O N E ( O O u e n r r e r v P E ) ! ' S A N D .
@
8'* 6"^ 35 te R . S . J S I E E L F A B R I C R E I N F O R C E M E N T , 6 ' , K 4 , ' M E s H , t 3 s w 6 C O N C R E I E O F C L A Y B R I C K C R d s H E O U N U s E D ( p o n o s r r v 3 o % ) C O N C R E T E@
T-
I
t6"
O X l O x t t l D R . S J . S I E E L F A B R I C RE J N FO RCE MENT 6 " x 4 " t t t E s H , 1 3 s w 6 6 R A V E L A G 6 R E G A T E C O N C R E T E l ' ' c o v E RFIGURE 5. B ( C o n t r d )
3 6 1 .
DETAII,S OF CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS
P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E
(lJ
8"x ir 55L!. R.S.r. FAERIC REINfORCEMENI a't t ]tes{, rl s.$te I . 2 I , } C O N C R E T E O F g R U 9 H E D . uNUsEo ct-lv arrcr(eotostl'( 97.)ai
tl,l o,^ spocecs ro H O L D R E I N F O R , C E M E N T r N P O S T T T O N . ! ' r 6 ' r 5 5 t B . R, S.r rEEL FA BR tC t i .ou.* 6" 4' ME3H 15 sw6 1 , 2 ' { G R A V E L A 6 6 R E 6 A ' E c o N c R E T 8U
v t R r c a L g l c s % p , r . E ' r 6 r 5 5 t E R S t5',6'D,A B,"oERs lr ro'PrTcs 1nn o,n spnaees ^t 3 ' - o ' P r t c g 1 . 2 . 1 g E A V E L A 6 6 R E G A T E C O N C R E T €
@
8"x6'x 35 t-g.R S.] REINFORCEMENT ireEU f,qBftC 5"x 4'MESH 1 3 s w c l ll Z c e , r v e u A G G R E c A T E c o N c R E T g o P E N T E X T U R E lt- 2'qr
6"x 35 la. R SJ L FABRIC REINFORCIT'ENT 4 ' v e s 4 s w.G 6": l 3 1 , 2 : 4C O N C R E T E O FC L A Y B R I C K (nonosrrv C R U S H E D UNUSEOolol
w
8'x 6r.r 35 ue R.S.Je
t r 6 x 5 5 L s R . s . t l ! 3 $ t 6 . I R O N h r r t a E W O U N O L O O S E L Y R O U N D 'O I S T A T A B O U T 6 ' P I T C H I : 6 G R A V E L A G 6 R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T E@
sidr35toRstJTEET FTENTC REINFORCEMENT 6'1 4'MEsH, 13 sv[6
3 7
-F I G U R E 5 . 1 . B ( C o n t ' d )
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E
e
E r G x 3 5 L E R,S.t
TEEL FABRIC R.EINFORCEUE}IT
o"x C MEstr,tss.wa.
I : 2 : 4 c o N ^ c R , E T E , L | M E S T o N e ( ' c x e o o n c ) AGGREGATE rr.rO Slru-a
e
tl lr
t r6 x 35L8. R.st
STEEL FAgRlc RETNFoRCEMENT
c r ' | ( 4'MEsH, t5.s.w.€
t ' 2 , 4 c o N c R E T E L l M E S T o N e ( ' U l r r - O c d ) A6CRE6ATE AND SAND
w
E"r6"x 35LB.R.s.t
Sreel rrBRtc RETNFoRCEMENT 6 x 4" MESH. t3 S.W.C.
1 , 2 , 4 C O N C R E T E ,
A 6 6 R E 6 A T ELrM & S A N DEsroNE (cL TTHER,oE)
Q8
\-, W I R E i I E T T I N 6 R E I N F O R C T M E I I T 4tt UEsx. 16 s.tt.6. IIt covE R l'- oo 8ni 6rx 35 tB. R . S . J . A66RE6ATE COIICREIEe
W I R E N E T T I N G R E I N F O R C E M E N T 4r MEsn. t6 s.w.6. 8'x 6rx 35L8. R . s . J . C O N C R E T E G R A V E L A 6 6 R E 6 A T E ,r^.(30
)
\-/ W I R E N E T T I N E R E I I I F O R C E M E N T 4rr ME5H. tG s.w.6. 8r'x 6"x 35 !8. R . S . J . G R A V E L A 6 6 R E 6 A T E C O N C R E T E@
I Y I R [ , N E T l I N G R E I N F O R C T M E N T 4 ' M E S H , 1 6 5 W . 6 6 ' ' r 6 " x 5 5 t E R S . J , : 2 ' 4 6 R A V E L A 6 6 R E G A T E C o N c R E T Ee
W I R E il E T ' I N o R T I N T O R C E M g I I I 4" ME3H, tG svY.e 2 ' r C r 6 5 r ! . R . S . t r l : 2 : 4 6 R A V E LAG6tg6ArE CoNctETfF I G U R E 5 . l . B ( C o n t ' d )
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMNS
P R O T E C T E D B Y C O N C R E T E
e
W I R T N E T T I N 6 R E I NFORCE MTN T l ' M t s x , 1 6 . s n g . 1 2 ' r 8 x 6 5 L ! . R 3, I A 6 C R I 6 A ? € C O N C R E T E I : ? : 4 G R A Y E Le
2 c 0 I V I R E N E T T I N c R E I N F O R C I M E N T t" lvttsx, rc s.t{6, l i " r 8 u r 6 5 1 8 . R . S . t l t 2 t 4 G P , A V E L A 6 G R E 6 A T E c o N C R E , T E35
\-, Y Y I R E N I l I I N G R E I N F O R C E M E N T 4 ' M E , S H 1 6 S W 6 t . ? , 1 G e A v E L a G O R E G A T E C O N C R E T E _ j 4( 3 6 l
\-/ I V I R E N E T T I N 6 R E I N F O R C E M E N T 4 " M E s H , t 6 3 h r . 6 : 4 G R A V E L A G G R E G A T T C O N C R E T E 8 ' * e 5 l B . n . s . tk g @ k q g E H E
