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1

Geographical Indications and

poverty alleviation in rural areas

Bamenda, Cameroon, January 28, 2011

Launching meeting of the « Oku Honey » GI

Didier CHABROL, CIRAD, UMR Innovation &

(2)

« geographical indication (GI)»?

“..indications which identify a good

as originating in the territory of a Member,

or a region or locality in that territory,

where a given quality, reputation or other

characteristic of the good is

essentially attributable to its geographical

origin.” (WTO 1994: Article 22:1)

« des indications qui servent à identifier un produit comme

étant originaire du territoire, ou d’une région, ou localité de ce

territoire, dans les cas où une qualité, réputation ou autre

caractéristique déterminée du produit peut être attribuée

essentiellement à cette origine géographique ; [OAPI 1999,

(3)

GIs are:

An intellectual property tool: protection

of A NAME (not a product)

A development tool: helps differentiation

and identification of a product, in the

framework of an “origin marketing”

10000 GI in the world

Not THE solution to all problems in

all situations

(4)

GI challenges and promises

« Geographical Indications are […]

an integral form of rural development

that can powerfully advance

commercial and economic interests

while fostering local values such as

environmental stewardship, culture

and tradition.» (International Trade

Centre, 2009)

(5)

SOME EXAMPLES

(6)

Morocco: argan oil

A long, difficult and traditional process from the

tree to the oil;

Only by local women.

(7)

CA OAPI - Libreville - 13 décembre 2010 7

Argan oil: GI as defence tool

Reputation grows: Price +10 times in 15 years

Reputation without protection : take care!

-> fraud and usurpation

-> delocalisation of the extraction stage

-> loosing of the name

-> risk that women producers do not take

advantage of the price boom

 IG (specifications, organisation…)

1st GI in Africa and the arab world.

(8)
(9)

CA OAPI - Libreville - 13 décembre 2010 9

Kampot pepper: GI as an offensive

tool

Kilo price In US$

FCFA

Base 100

Black pepper « de Kampot » GI

5,5

3608

183

Black pepper from Kampot not GI

3

1968

100

Buying price of Kampot blackpepper (2009-2010)

(Source: François, 2010)

• The GI process fuels up a quality dynamic

• Organisation of the value chain (producers

association, promotion association)

(10)

In a French region, 2 cheeses,

2 stories

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CA OAPI - Libreville - 13 décembre 2010 11

In a French region, 2 cheeses,

2 stories

Emmental :

no protection

of the name

Direct competition

with more gifted

other regions

Standardisation

Industrialisation

Delocalisation

Decrease of price,

job number,

production (50 

30000t)

(12)

In a French region, 2 cheeses,

2 stories

Comté :

name

protected

as a GI

No direct

competitor

Original product

Code of practices

Delimitation

Increase of price,

job number,

production (38 

50000t)

(13)

Didier CHABROL – Oku – 16/04/08

3 components for a GI

PRODUCT

Official

PRODUCERS’

Recognition

ASSOCIATION

(14)

Geographical Indication :

Requested conditions for product

(1) PRODUCT: - Superior quality

- reputation

- unique

OFFICIAL

PRODUCERS’

RECOGNITION

ASSOCIATION

(15)

Didier CHABROL – Oku – 16/04/08

G I: conditions requested from

producers

(1) PRODUCT: - Superior quality

- reputation

- unique

(2)

OFFICIAL

PRODUCERS’

RECOGNITION

ASSOCIATION

- Delimitation

- Code of practices

(16)

GI: requested

conditions from the State

PRODUCT: - Superior quality

- reputation

- unique

(3)

OFFICIAL

PRODUCERS’

RECOGNITION

ASSOCIATION

- Law or decree

- delimitation

(17)

Didier CHABROL – Oku – 16/04/08

All conditions are gathered: IG

PRODUCT: - Superior quality

- reputation

- unique

IG

OFFICIAL

PRODUCERS’

RECOGNITION

ASSOCIATION

- Law or decree

- delimitation

- Technical support

- code of practices

G I

(18)

IG : a passport for the market

PRODUCT: - Superior quality

- reputation

- unique

IG

OFFICIAL

PRODUCERS’

RECOGNITION

ASSOCIATION

- Law or decree

- delimitation

- Technical support

- code of practices

MARKET

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CA OAPI - Libreville - 13 décembre 2010 19

Promotion of origin products (quality

linked to tradition, culture, area…)

Small as well as large scale

Developed markets more and more

sensible to origin

Strong protection on some foreign

(20)

Je vous remercie!

Didier.chabrol@cirad.fr

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