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BibIioIh6quenationaie duCenada

==~~~

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ona-ON K1AON' ,*-OHK'A~

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TheauthorbasgraotedaDon- exclusive licence allowing the National Libraryof Canadato reproduce,loan,distribute or seU copies of thisthesisinmicroform, paperor electronic formats.

Theauthorretains ownersbip ofthe CDpyrightinthisthesis.Neitherthe thesisDor substantial extracts from it maybeprintedor otheIWise reproduced without theauthor's permission.

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la Bibtiotheque Dationale du Canadade reproduire,prCter,distribuer ou vendredescopies decettethese sous Iaforme demicrofiche/fiJm.de reproduction surpapier ousurformat elecncnique.

L'auteurconservela proprietedo droitd'autelllquiprotOgeceliethese.

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een

e-ci Dedniventetreimprimes ouautremeDt reproduits sansson autorisation.

1).(l12-ll2379-3

QwmtiIative comparison

of levels oforganic

~from

fOlD'major soun:cs IIIfiJur scaIcs

aIoog

the NewfouDdIaDd coastline.

Dea...JaaeCuD

Athesissuhmiu.dtotheSchool ofGraduateStudiesin partialfiIllilImCIIt ofthercquiJcmeuUforthe degree

ofMasterof Sci."..(EllWoomentalSci."..)

EnWoomeutalScience Programme McmoriaI University ofNewfOUDdland

May2000 Sllobn's,NewfOUDdland

Abstnd

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Tableof Coaleab

Page

---

• b

'fa.

T....

.,e- _

u..,_, _

U'lItflp...

u . . , ~

_

iv

ix xii

Qaplerl:

_odlolo _

1.1:0IIiI... S

1.2:ScwIp 9

1.3:AquIaIIlure 10

1.4:_ 14

1.5:1lqp'odIIioG uoimiIIlionat^orpDc 16

1.6:~ 17

Qapler:l:QuadladYc-....-tl_oq... _

... _ ... oII'aIlortM.dnNewf.. 21

2.1: _ 21

2.2:IalruducIioa 22

2.3:

MeIhodI .... .. .. .. .. .... .. . .. ...

23 2.3.I:G<DlnI... 23

2.3.2:FlIlliob --... 27

2.3.3:DoIIIeoIic:ScwIp 33

2.3.4:0IIiI... 36

2.3.S:Sawmill... 43

2.4:_ _ 50

2.5:DiocuIoioo 53

2.6:CoacIuoioa 61

Tableor CODteali

a.,urJ:

~_"'-I1_

.._ _

^od

_rors_

14_1lOllodcII ... 4 ' _

1IaIiIdaI._ _..• _

3.1: _ .

3.2:_ .

3.3:_ .

3.4:_ .

3.4.1: e - ; - o l _ typeol_ _ ....

3.5:

1liIcu~.~

^..' : :.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

3.6:CoIdIIioa .

C1IoptIr4

_._- uu..-

: . - -....

,...IaliYe..-...,...

Ic ..._

,

~---

AppcUtA .

AppoalbB .

Appoalb

c .

AppcUtD .

AppcUtE .

AppendixF...•...••..•...••...•...•...•....•...•...••.

70 70 71 72 7J 12 91 99

119 135 144 146 146 147 156 151 160 162

lJItorTabia

T... I. I . _... filrtbo..._ < I I..._ i I l _ _..••...•...•...•••••..•••••••.••.•••.••...•...•.. 19 T 2.I.F .... IlId_iIlNewfouodlond... 26 T 2.2.T1lo&w

_,..;oulllldied

IlIdtbo...1lId_ tboy _ ...•••.•..•..••.•....••...••.•...•...•••..•..••..•..•.••..•..•..••..•.•.... 27 T~2.3.CoulaIN_....mcipoIitieI_portiol 1<ICI1

nunicipoI _ _....•..•..•...•• 36

T... 2.4.Maio opocieopnlCOIIOdIlIdtbeirperaonlIpyicIdI,ill

~1lIb"'-"'pIuu. 39

Tobie2.5._yieldsfilrles1_0p0cie0 iIlN_lisb ...-...pIuu... 41 T...2.6.F _ _IlIdC<lmlpCllllliDllisbaia .... llId _ _ (Nooe:_ _IlIdLolndor-CIOlilled)... 43 Tobie2.7.Pa-.<IIpn>duclioa """tbo... _ (100,001·

5OO,OOOttI>aWyY1Il1dtbo_ _ (I·lO,ooltI>aWyY)iIl19%-97... 49 Tobie2.1.TouI ... _(c!ryllllllillkal_&ooII992.I996ill -...INewfouodIIlId&001olF.ol, ...sawmilllllldIqIIICUIlure...•..• 51 Tobie2.9.Rantortborourmojor _ o r -1l:<OrlIiJla^to

... or_ _

³²

Tobie2.10._

or_

per dasa,_ o C...sawmilll (... I ... 411l1d...-OC _perdillric:t(tx<iodioc ...

99)ill19%-97. 35

T... 2.11.

eoa,..;.oa

oCsaImocidI<j1llIQIIluR_ 1 l I d ill NcwfiluadIuId,sacaIclIIoled&001 _ _dIlaooun:a. 39

lJstof Tabla

coDt'd

PIC' TIbIo3.1.~ naUdIl:I:UlIiIItlto olorpoic_

- . 13

Ust

or

F"IglIRS flIo,n2.1.Y (A-N) li iolll'lliIlicoI P••e

_(l~) _NewliluodIIIllI. 62 flIo,nU _ _1OCIiooo(1-49)

fcr_

- . 63

Y...2.3.TCIIIIClIJIIIic _ (dlylIlIII)rdaIIllIlIooItIIo

~_ _I992-1996in dlo bm ol o8"ol,

_ aquaaohure_ ....uwmiDWIst...•..•...••... 64 Y...2.4.TCIIIIolDI(dIy...) reIeuedfromcnb .... shrimp pnlCOI1iIla fromlinlilb procouioaia NewfoundIIIllI_ 1992-

1996. 65

y...2.5.NewfoundIIIllI"...rcr-ydisIriasI IddiIlod by

dlo~olF_ _ ....AjpUoocIs... 66 y...2.6.MaximumIewloluwmiD _ (dry1llIU)rdaIIllIin DisIriclII-7from1992·1996... 67 y...2.7.MaximumIewloluwmill_ (dly1llIU)rdaIIllIin

DisIriclII-U_I992-I996. 61

y....2.•.MaximumIewl01sawmiII_(dry1llIU)rdaIIllIia DisIriclII6-I._ 1992-1996... 69 y....3.1.TCIIIIorpoic:_ (dlylIlIII)rdased _ Rqioos

1. 5 _1992·1996. 101

y...3.2.Toralorpnic _ (dly )rdased inAr<uA·£

_ 1992-1996. 102

Y... 3.3.TCllllorpoic_(dry_)... ia.v-F.l _ 1992-1996... 103 y....3.4.TCIIIIorpoic:_ (dry_ ) ... in.v- \toN _ 1992-1996...• ...• ... 104

LIltorFlpra coDI'd

Pace ... J.5. T.... ClIJIIio_(dry_)_illSecIiooI1·5

(AraAl_I992-I996. 105

V.... 3.6. T.... ClIJIIio_(dry_)_illSecIiooI6-9

(Ara8)_I992-I996. 106

V_J.7. T.... ClIJIIio_(dry_)_illSocoionIIO'

13(AraC)Iiom1992·1996. 107

V",,",3.I. T....orpNc _ (dry_ )rdcuedia SecIionIlol-

19(AraD)Iiom1992-1996. 108

V",,", 3.9.T....orpNc _ (dryDIISI) reIaJodiaSeclionI:ro-

23 (AraE)&om1992-1996. 109

V... 3.10.T....0lpIIic _ (dryDIISI)reIaJodinSecIiooI24-

26(AraF)&omI992-I996. 110

V.... 3.\1.T.... orpK _ (dry _ ) reIaJodillSecIiooIZ7.

21(AraG)_I992-I996... III V....3.12.T.... orpK _ (dry ) reIaJodinSeclionI:19-

52 (AraII)_1992-1996. liZ

V",,",3.13.T.... orpK_(dry )_inSeclionln.

35 (AraI)&om1992-1996. 113

V",,", 3.14.T....0lpIIic_(dryDIISI) reIaJodin_ 3 6 -

39 (AraI)&om1992·1996. 114

V... 3.15.T....0lpIIic _ (dryDIISI)releuodin

_III

^40-

41 (AraIt) Iiom1992-1996. 115

V",,", 3.16.T.... orpK _ (dryDIISI) reIaJod illSeclionI4Z- 44 (AraL) &om1992-1996 _... 116

Y_J.17.T.... oopic_(dIylllllll_ .. _ 4 5 -

47(ANoMl_I992-I996. 117

Y_J.II.T.... oopic_(drylllllll_ ..

_41-

49(ANoNl_I992-I996. III

AblnviIIica Nome

BOD

-_ ^...

CCJI

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IlI'A ^~ot"_ _I D d ~

DFO . . -ot,.-.1DdOcoooo

...

I"ootboord_(Iqlh_otlop)

FCil Feed~rICio

FPI

,...,... -

S pam

k kiIopm

Mlbm 1000rootboord_

-

^{1,000,000rootboord_}

N Nitrap

NSGA IlcwfiluodIIDd s.ImoaidGrowm_

p PIloopIIonlI

51_ __ot_

I --(Ioookal

TBW touIbocIv_

Qlpurl: -

n...

_diIpoIII ...fi>rtheIllIjorityOCIOIid_ ... thelondorinthe -.Tbo . . . .ol_ialotheO<elll ...

_ia

^_1IlIrine

... _ _ orpic _ _isthe IOlIIl:OOCpoIIuIion ...1IlIrine --(IluaIlIlIilIae1998).EiPIY_oClIIlllobdllllrine poIIuIion....-_

iIDlIl>uod_ eoIUIrieolllll_lIlIrine...obowthe-..

_ , j a l u n o n while thedeepa' _ . .rdaIivdyunpoIIuItd(KavisIl 1998).TboprollIemOC_ 0UInlphil:Ili0Risincreaingin....wheretheIunon popuIaIion isinlnuintl(IIooeoI>erJ"d.1990).SCvere andIropogenice1fedS . . . . -in lbaIIoweolUlrine

_1IUUlld

\orpcitialllll~ wortd-wide(Rool199O).

SlrIIifiod _ _ . .porticuIuIy...,eillt lIllIilselfa:u (IIooeoI>erJdd.199O).

n...

liwmlin ...olpollulioninthe_IIlIrine_:cIewadabIe _ fatiIizen,dissipa!ins_putiwIIla,IIllIc:oaserva1ivewastes(C1arIt 1992).This _ i s1ixuJod ...cIewadabIe _ _ ..a>IIIpClOOl!oCarpnic_1IllI . .albjec:t .. bol:l<rioIclec:ornp>oiIio (C1arIt 1992).Tbo1eveIsoCdryorpicwastesrdeued inIothe _ _ OfNeWfi>UndIIIl

_flu ...

quonlificd.These...indudefish pIIIIto8iI,IinIishIqUIQIIIure wastes(ea:eu feed1IllIfiec:aonly-fishI1lOllIIilia

were'"

CllIlIidlndinthellUdy~_ _1IllI_wastes{blrtt, ...woodchips, _1IllI_J

11le_ci...I l I l ' _ w i I iIIpbylic1l,bioIolIicII _ _ ..-...<GoIlIJq I9l6j.11le_. .ci ido ...

by_ _ ...., 11Io ci-"""" _

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_ _ . . . - _ _ aaIIiIioo; _ _1IlIO ...

c:honpd inobundanoe,Ioc:aIioa,Illddiwnity;lou

or_

u:b uoqualic~ IIwlIfiIIlbomolinsdouallldbcachdoua."'lXlIIIIniNIion;llldiumlR_

or

crswimninain_ _{Ka1niIb\998).In

oddiIioo,toxicondIIomIilIoIpIbIoomIlIlI)'oa:ur.

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_ IiIII _ _inNewbmdlond,ond"' _ _

lpIIiaIocaIeia._indolommnalbe _ _IIIlIiIeoI ...OC...

_1bloc...

OC...lhol. . _idoIbeC<llllllWlltn, IOlllOOCwbichpia

-Id*""""

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wbichcilbe ...ci ... lbelqal_wilhoulpdleriow .. cilbeavailable

...

11io1llldy.,oaobIod ....

--

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1iIt_...

c1..,.orpic_&onbr _ _^~~

. . . .the_c1_&onoll_ Tht_c1_projoamay _ _ _ wilb...._c1_projocl, 1xa.. e-dadUiaamndy ..._into

_ .._-(EA).

Tht_CIoodiao _ _ lv:twullll'P'*dtoinl:ble.pIidoto-.... _ _ c1 _projoclI(CIoada1991}_ ... CEARC _ _ ponypd _ . . . ._~(Storeyl991}11io_ ""' _ _ ~by...mechodbywlichlDIIIipIeillblry _ _maybe..-ed.

Tht~c1dU_can... b e _ ; r t h e . - y _ i a - . n d , u ' i a i n _ i l r o r p i c _

Gea<nIy._ . . . . dq>a>dI ..1beIpIIioIJCIIecllbe Oltowbidt _ . . . . rdeaoed.ThtIocabod_c1orpic_ . . _ in COUIII

,...~ilr_

Sl.1oID·,_ . _ ....

CIoodiao _ _ioralaliYoly_~to_ _

(CFPAI994~uio_'lmarine_ _ IIIpIIII""'maybe"'ll6llil>/e 011 ilr_Ibe_NewfiJundllndcoudinc,caDbevay",-OO.

_ adluinlIIinlMb1bay.5calcilimpolwl_~ec:oIoP:oI

YIriIIIiily.1mpacl011biaIoIicaI-pIly*aIfaaorsil ...IbeJClle c1..-.1yois .. the -.;c(SIerle1971) _ _ (Urlu""'. 1 9 I 7 ) - 'Eadlclthe_

...< >..

_Il...

^dlo

- -

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bobilIl,,-,__

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_ ..._ ...-... of.booIIb)'-ClllmUlily. The ...

6Ihcry, ...-..,1Ild_oreimporlal<_oClheeconomyIIldIIIrequite

~... 1IonadieCOUl6ne.Unpolbledwalenorepartil:uIarIy importantfilr.

belllhyoquaadlln 1Ildfilr_ .... ofdle... 6Ihcryl.. dloIoboIcr

1iIbrry. . ._byollil.lDaddiIion,dlo_of-

CIOd,GdIr

.-....s_bypaxiaor...

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ll1allY,...

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~of...ilpIlioto_ may _ _ oflhepof<lllial prdlIcmill""""pu1iaIIarIy ...QIIIlllIoIMoimpocUmaybe-.ed.' I I i a . - mayloodtoimpoYed_oolbe ...

of...,

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.oftm

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fromohorHu<dproc:eooin&pioIU;, """""'"pncbceinIhoada- MIriIime CIIlIdion pnMnc:eo( T -"01.1916).InNewfoundland,beforethe~oC/IlII'Ypounds(.

morinerqjon liIh_ildi1pooed),o6iI_~..._"""'fllrlidal dispcnoI.Ill 1910' ,..."""' _ _ oCtheoppoided/llll'Ypan!s bythelilbploola(llorrie1915)cnoa._widoop-s i o _ d l I O IOday.Qmody.liIb plooIa oppIyror .. _ plIlliI ...

_CIIlIy (~ S<amlIIll9)Gw1y wIidI_on

e:dCMYeIRI,

1f'C'"

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u.s

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_1O~_(Willmon1997_ ccomliIl)and""'"ilnoIimiloothe_oC liIh_llImpedby.pIool._ ....(W1Ilmon1998 _ ...1iIl).IIowewr.1lurie (1985)lqlCllUIholinNewfoundland,i f _dlIO 450.000leW""dumpedinIhoClCaIl,on _ ...plIlliI;,~bythelilh...1n1913.obcut80morinedi1poool~

fllro6ilwee_in_(OD.C._Lrd.19I3).1ll<rewee47...

plIlliIa(ror3S~)_in_inl998rorliollploolollil.1be

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_._cod,_

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_.1IImoa.

^ilQIl

^{inoo_ ..}

^camedlO%or. .tiIhiI ... W1IIIIlheilDdldlilhililediblo, .. whcnoolylheroeilW&lll<d,ie.tombq>lilh'"

herring,10%... orlhe!andDlpmaybedioc:arded(Hayeallol.1994).Allerproc:essin&

uplAllO%or"londal~"'IbdIIiIh_.cnb"'~iI_(HayeallaL 1994)...Neriundlolld,lhebmorther*aaod oIillloodwlpd . . the1992....-...

" ' _ cod theIioIlqjinlUayiIfix1dq ... '"cnb ... Wimp.Thebird ioorpic:"'"orcnb WimpnllOldqpIded.quicklyuocher bms oroIIiII(Le. ...) ... lbuamay_inCXl&lllll_

1IIa_ororpic_inthebmorollill_-..Iy"'~IAl cbqoa inthe~orthecaIdLDilirmlIpllCicavwyinbody """",,",",,'"widin .1pIICica_n balhor_ _l h e ~ o r o l l i l l d u r i n a

proceuing.LoboIcr ...cnb ...7%dIiIin,ll%pnlI<in,cak:ium _ ...oil,

"'6O%_(T_IIaLl986).F_ _ .liPpllIdn_"'Wimpc:orain ...-adpipaa, dIiIin,lillie ....hiP_orcalcUm, ...1illIeproI<OI~

1991. T_.Gl.IIlI6).Cnbio "' ... _bdle""Y .... _ _ _ . . . cnb ("-"'O_...~I99I~The . . . _ _olclooompooilioa.

The_ olo8illlll)' ....locII_probIano.Some01_

..-1IIIY _ _ o l ' - Y _ ....IilbIlah.poortylklabed~

. . . ...,_... pcriod;lIlllmic _ Qn:ulalioaispoor; reduaioai l _~oldlerqion; _ ilpopuiItiont01 _lIldbyp<nurilicllio ...il~(IIInie( 9 8 5 ) . - . . - iD:UlelloolinBtoIidI,

_'*-.

-<iIooIonIica,_odounllld ... ol_1n1ddilian,IbelipIM/a01...-lIII)'p<IIly inaaaeboacriol

~lIldin... ol-ond _ _ lIII)'c:aIIIO-lIldpossibly ... in....1iIh(McnooondMlcdonoldIm~0..-.

_lilr ....

IIUdy....1oc:oI _ l I i d i l P d _ i o _ ....IbeIilh~piIllcliRalyDodle

..._ ...._ n....

dio:bqeICOIDioprilco ollish,oil,blood, oIimes, IIldbKlaia prdJIcmI ... olClllodl, D:bIinsdcpdoDoool _<pIiIy...o l _ .... ond _ _ o l _ ..~ond

«MI(_CanIda1997).Theopadolporuilaond_may1bo0CQlC.Many _bocomo~byfocllbKlaia.Iqe_""dle_lilhpilll disdIorIJr:;lIldmonylbrillilb .... _dooldindleMlrilimel w _ _

(_CanIda 1997). olollilllllYbt --.,

... ond ... pioIu(McnooondMlcdonoldIm~1n19I3.15oldle80

pny _hod_poIiIlIlloaodlllallil ... upOll ... _ _ooddilruptod _ _(O.D.C._1.Id.198J~

no

tlaIIiI .. _ i o l O l . . - t o d l o ...

... ,..._ t i I o f l _ ..._ t o (WiIiImII997..

1997ll, ..._iII~11lio_.. oiIy** .. ..-OI&Iio_ciIpoIedoi .... iIIqpI_.aodlll ... _'*_pIoaIa. . _tobq>upwith

dIo~(IlrvwD19!11pon.CClllIll.iII~Oftibare ... _ ...,.,.when d l e _ iohodo r _ dlniltoo _aIIiI t o _ (IlrvwD19!11pon.CClllIll.iIl~Wbenollil iocbrlpd ...dle_~CIIl_poIiIlIlloiJr... d I o _ Rq>aru. . 1IlId<

t o d l e _ o n d1.IIndor1loponmaoo l _ o n d Labourby. - . . repdinahod - . . ...ofllieo oodllllliaJ<ly ...<lIOtonlllinlfilhin dle -.1lIlI dIo_(IlrvwD 19!11pon.- .iIl~SomealliliocbrIpdinIond"

dIolocal ~aodllliaBoyd'Elpair.... dleilPd_il_iatodleboy ... widI piocatl'* ... Tbenlaoetlalliliato ...tI...1CIivity _ _.-""~OIldle_tldIoCllplltiob.

""_pIoaIaaloonlaoeorpoio_IlIlI _ _ i a t o d l e _

n-

pIaIuCIIl be. """""ofllne prdiIema:~Blood IlIlIoftiIspi1Iabelwocn dleproc:esoina pIIIl ooddlefiIh_ pIIIli)~odolInil)LilPd _ (maiNybloodliquor) _ w i t h . " _ _ demIlIlIllIlI . ._tl~ooIida(Todmanh

ual.19I6j.Aiulbpolllcmio_iafecIiootldlo Tbeea-s_CXllIIin

coIifilnnood bec,dodbactto fiaIlood-

lba_ol_ _ ... lIIIjorlllUllllol ill_lXlOJlaI ...d I o _ / v J ~_ _MIl _ _ h u _

ill _ol_inthe In_CIlIIda,111OmiI6on

cubic of _ _ iIreIeuod

eoch_.

^{ondillSt_ ·.,loM31.3miI60ncubic}

... _ . rdeuodnothe_ -(Nar<d1996).InNowfiuldIInd,IIlOIl _ - . . _ _ cireclIyirlothelXlOJlal ...W I a _ . - . din NcwiJuodIood,_ .thelblp ....rdeuodnothelXlOJlaI IF-1997 ....

"""""ill~~lhe_irdD_loc:oI_ill nn1 IIid _ _ ....u_ulhe~ol_IIldLalxudoim.

MariDe0lpIiIm0ondIumoo ... _ bypalhepoil:aiaoorpIismaill

_~p«

...

_ o l _ . .aucb_in.hcaIIIIy_ _bul_

illdMIopedCllUIIrieI,u:IIuCIlIIda, ...pItlJopoacooba_ (DowaiIw1986). a-ria,,...,1IldporuiIca _ inIlooIamayhumIiIIl.IClhe Jioh ...by

~bepoaiIiJ,lII)'OCI<diI,meninsilit.ciolrbea,ond_ _mayoa:ur(N1IlIeI 1996).S e w I F -hu_bq>aliIiaAlIldd1olln_1lOlIIld Ibcworld (l»'A1994).

Ilitcborpd_CIIl_...

~OIIIbc~ilC""YondOllwild

10

_ ... _Clnadadlollllljcftyotdlo _ _ . . _ b y _ _ IIIIIicipoI dJdlqeo<CEPA1994,_I996j.MuaicipoI_

••...,.ot_iD &fty...-otpobod_ ...doua,lIldis dIo... _iD_...-otdlo _ _<CEPAI994,_I996,_

ClnadaI997).~don,lIld_foodby-.m.iJodpri:Ieo _ _ whidl _dInluPdIo_aMly(llruaIlld_19!IO~~-"_

baacria, w.-1IldchanicaIIthotbocome~inIheliSllesoCbivaMo_ I l l

!up

dislInce_

the_ dial:hqepoQ

<_

CInada 1997).F'mfioh expcricnl:c _ _ _ ... _ The_ot...

no_ _

11iIWIl ...l'ol:iIiIylX>lldbeWl)'bam6lIDIhe.lisII,uMII.ID~..addiIion, ... _ ... anddepadeboaom_and_iDdooxypnIlioaOC_. . euaopIicaIioa. KIlowIodpIIDIhecIepoailiooIIldIioaI cIiIpenaI01...and inraw

_._~.lhepolaDllybam6l_ot_ _ _

I..t IDilly-(Panoa19I5).

AquacuIIur<,.filocI.txoducli _ _thotit dlqod

no

elIicicnlllllCby ia<nuioIIdIoyidd 1IIiI...(_ IIld Enol I9!1O~

._>iewed

¹¹⁰

aepIiw IIDIheIlpllic_Curnnly.in~lD~

lQl*>IIl>.nyiddaI()'ID,OODlima ....procb:t

< _ and

^EnoI19!IO~TbiIexpantion,

11

_ . _ d I o _ ...dIe. . . . _

n... .. _ - . . ...m

- _...,_-O_iIod ... - . i l . - b J - ...i)_11Io1llljor~... _ t o d l e _ . .orpDc ..._dIo_iIod ... _IO'-...1Irdury\917, _

1991~

F"_

__..iI....

m.. - - l b o a - a q u o c u I l u r e . ThiliabecauledlelllUl1:Omliah _ _ iadleIddilionmliood to dIe_(De

sa..

IIldAnd<nooI99S).InBrililhColumbia32,000_ mlirmed... produce die...

_ m _ u SOO,ooopeopIe(lloMd _

F_

^1997).lnllddilion,itllka liJurpaundimliah ... to produce onepoundm _ _ inB.C.(IloMd- F_I997j._(I918)_lhotdle procb:Oonm_ ...

Soiloo . . ..in... _ i n - . . . - d l e mdle...iIodMb ..

... lhotia4O,00ll-lO,000 lboadle mdle _

1110_...

- s o d t o _ __..iacPle ...

F"lIIliah~illreIoliwIy oowiWlllyin

_ l h o t

pndoninoldy OCXllI1inone . . boy,Boyd'Eapoir.1n 1985itbqpn wiIJIlhotday,..."""die n>d 1990',6w _ _ hml_inBoyd'Eapoir.F"",oe troul,

~..,.mr.I66%oCprocb:Oon)"'one_ _"""",Soiloo_

(DFA1_).In1991,thoR...204

""""*""_

^{iaaIod in}NewfOundIalld.These

204

1iciIilieI,--' _ _

_1irmL1n

1999... ...~22---.... _ dleisllndIAppcndix

12

Aj.Of_22 Bayd'Elpir._ _~ . _ t o

Bayd'Elpir

_1J _.--.s..

...,,_Cod, Gdts - - . ..<lnaIIoadCod, GdtsOJlUC.1bcre . ._ _ _ - . .1M in TrioiIyBay._._Bay.dnein_BayIllll_ IIurpo ...

_ .... _ ^_~ _ .. _ .1bcre.liblytobe _

.... _ _ _ _ - . 1IIlI

_ p o n d_(Gowoa IIIlIBrdury 1911.FoblllllK&c*y19I9~

1be_OClinliIb~_IIIO)'... _ . . ._

...morioe_1bepooOl>le_incbIe~1IIlI

~ _ o o r i c l m n , donnd,lIIlIbo<:lsioI

~(SiIwrlI992).TheoeimpodloClIjIIIClIIIure ...Ihe_CIIlClllJeea>logical chqe,

_Il1O)'__

hpro6labililyoClhellpllQlllure1ic:iIily.Poor_quaIiIy CIIllllllOribuleto _ - . ....,ptlWlb,IIIlIpoorfeedC<lllWnioa ...

!fyporallri6coIlWIIyIooda to _

pr;m.y

pocb:IiooIIIlIpb)topIIllktoobIoomo.

..._._.beyo__

pbj<opIoobat_ ....COdmoblhe_

cIaudy. in _ IIIlI_ _1IllXIoiIicI

(l'ridmooelllllRuIhri>nlI992~1bcre _ diol:horp""a>UI.I1linno inFIIIioDdhoic:auoed0lIInlpIli<aIi0wiIh _ inpb)topIIllktoo1lioma!a(Gowoa 1994. - . . . . " 01.1995).SCmoJlllltoploaboa-.. ...1pOlico.OnClnlda', _CDIIlIbn ...I I p I - . ....to _ _OC _ limw, ...kiIIod_<J-flIoI"oI.I99lj.looddilioo,if_ _ •

13

...,.... -,IIlII_iIIlI--.dIo_-.,limildlopn..y proolIl:li<mildlo (NIIylm~

'I1Io_il tIl.liohlirm _ _ _ _11leorpnie

_ _ _ iIl _ .lIlIIif... _ ...

...qplytIl_ _ _ iIl _1IlllIlic. W _

_ badqlloradil_forloalplliodatIl _ i l utho_

IevtIIlJOWI(oa-lIIdBradbury1917,Folk. .ndICawky1919).Thia ...prllI1lllCa _ _ - - i s d r u l i < a l l y ... inlilb&rmoedimauthonin _ _ _ bacIuoeorpnie_do<aapooiIioailllilhlirm _ is&ora-

~ 1991~_IttIl.(I99S)_. .iI maybe_in

orpniec:arbon,

"'-'IIId u_

nQx:lioa,aIIpbot.enQx:lioa,and~Theypoinl. . . . .if.1qeIDlOUI1l tIl _aCC:UnUaIC, ...tIl_1IId~IIlIplidemayocc:wwidlbubbles -"'811 thouface.1beIecondilionlwillkilll101l_andmaykill"'lioh.This bIppad inIJoft_ .NewIInnM:Ic, - . .

_linD

MIl10becIoocd(I\<lacnIhII Ito/. 1995).

CooIiIuouIdqlOIiIioatIl_ _ tho_ _ tIl.liohlirm can""", uoicplldleatbllba"' .._IpOCioa~(ICupb_IttIl.I991.PiIIay

Im~ _lpOCioamay"be~in_ _ andniauliunamay IoIpIyCOlllill tIl _ _IpOCioa(Pillay 199Z).IleSMIIlII_(I99S)-.od . . "'qlIlOdIIIIilIillpaQa, _ . .tholinllipltIllllllllop:ll

cmnse. _

^dIo

14

~-QpIrIIa'PP.•ScoIdIpUIpp..IIIII~'PP.ia _ _in Norway.

u.._ _

_ . . _ IlJUI\lOOCorpaic_imo ... _ o f

_ I a

1911_ 1ppIOllimIIdy IIlOO_ialbePlovincc,.mhobout 1105_ (Illadanore 1998_ iJI).They ""IllIinIyIo<Ilcdinccntra111ld _Newfi>undIand.1"h<re "" uwmiIIsllld planingmils_ t oproducekImber inNewf"oundIIIld IhoninIll)' _ Canodian (Trdawny1994).TheIeuwmiIIsee

~lo<Ilcdin...ialbe (Trdawny1990,IlIinII984).llumpinaoC _ _ imo_ _ iaaJmllllyillcplia_(Illadanore1911pon.

c:omm.iJI).Ifawmill_ _ lbe... _ itianpclIle<Ito lbeIlopor-.oC _ 1 I l dUbourorlbeGowImI<nlScrW:eCenIreo oflbepnMnciIIIlopor-.of GowImI<nl_1IlIlLIIIdI (Illadanore1998_ ... 1iIl).Todole,noIcpll<tiono _ _ _ butlqpl l l l I d e t o a w m i l l _ r q o n I i n a 1 b e i r ~

pnaiceo(Mal1bewa 1911_ ... 1iIl).V«y&ow ... oCiIIepI~"" made,IIlIl itiaalmIlIIy.... puIlIican:emill_ (LaIn:w\998_ comm.IisI,Matthews 1911_ comm.lisl,PyIe 1998_c:omm.lisl,llrown 1911_ comm.1iIl).1bismaybe Mto.lacltof oflbeillcpl 11le ... thIl""IllIde"" ...

_ i m o ~rq>orllllll &YIiIIbIetolbepublic.NoiJtaor_OC

I ^{i 1 : I} ~ ~ ! j ! i _~ ^I Iff ^g _~

ill _{~ , I ~ ~} I _s ^f _J I _~ I _M ^I _i ^{1 i I I I} I ^{i I} IiI

j ~ ~ ^• i ; _~ 1 i 1 ~

§

~ 1 · i ~ ~ , 1 ~ "

^S

J

I I ^I 1I1 ^{1 j} I ^I I ^{I j ! f I} I ^{"I I 1 1 f}

I ^{I ) 1. 1 e 1 ~ I}

^I

^{~ i I j ~, s j}

= I i ~ ~ f i l f ) t j _~ r I! _~ i ^{! l}

I ^{I 1i I j 1 I i ~} i ^{I I '} ~ ~ ! 1 ^{1 I} ~

S

! ~ ^f ~ t t ^j 1 ^{lis j} ! ^{r I I} ~ I I !

I Ii! Iff ^J i 1 ^f I { ^J f ^{J l I ] I }}

i ^s 1 ⁱ _~ i f i ^f j f · t

^S

i I ^{! i ]} i i ^l !

] I t ^J I i l l ~ 1 IIi _{~ ~} 1 ^I

16

.... ... _<lonMlill ...,.._(MIabewI199I pen._ ..~L..-taa c:Iipo_bo •..-iII _ _(llrowa\991 pen._ ..~_ IbavqjI . .lowill _ _ .... ...,.,....[QiPg cIocoalpooiIialbioiolillilorypllonolo,_ ...nIouodtaa_1lld

... r...

&lundiIlliPquanlilicaillbort._ _cI<compooiIioollld ... _CllJllli-Ia-. ... _ _ <l..._ilpalIyRduad bypiloa<l_-

The...

< 1 _

det\ndIlioo<lorpric:_ ina>Id0C0Il1IiI ...-_ClllllIidcrinaIhein.,..:torpric:_IIMl)'_ ... 1he1lllrine ...in_The~<lorpric:_iIl1heOCOll1lil~

iII«lIIlr<lIiII&lhe~or"'_IlldIhe_Ia"""ecosy-..

~illIaIIIIy"oUc:_in_ _ il1he_ _

.but"""""

polbways . .&lund-'orpric: ilbiaIl... OlIpIlolebeccma'"

_ _ _ (Leo^1992~Spoc:ifil:~<lorpric:_"_ _ dqpadIlion . . .ill ... _ (Ilodaoa"tII. 1911,1/IrYey"til.1995~Diffind _ of

-llllqlllUIldI-_

"*""IiIily ..lIioIoP:aIcIeplaion, --~. . . (I/<ml:N eo,Io1916). Ia...ofa>ld....

-.... u:buNewiluadIIIlll,1he ... ofdqJadolDl<lorpric:_ iICllpOCIed ..be

17

_ _ _ - . . _ _ fl ... fI

_ _ _ _flCIIpIlic_IlIdl._c6l,.,..._1OlI

--

- - _... -6&noIIybyCllpllic_ ...cIq>cndirc OIt!11~_Tbe_IO_ci..,Idq><odaoop<lllGliaIIdl

u ...,. fI_r.-.I,lOlI _ _ (AInIOlI

SIipIlrald 1990).SiIwn(1994) theIewIfliqIacl dq><odauponlhe""""'"of _IiuIlI,ClImIlIlpO<dIlIlddrallolioa, lIOmlcondilionltllll""'"

... 1Ildthetypeof_ _CaatJon1Ild 01puIs pneraIIyusimiIaIe npidIy ... the

_iIl_...

^{1llol ..._1Ild}IlyWodynonicaIIICliw.1ft

_ 1llol. ._.JhrlIaad,or~-....lhe_

... lOlIarboa_baoomeiacorpxlled _lhe _ _ ....IIowIy(Pw>oo 19I5).

u:unooc-

1ft-...,lhemajor OlllCilutonolCllpllic _ _ lhe_ ...

liab piaItolIiI,raw_1inliab1qUlQlillR,IIld_ _ lead"'s1Oex<>es1ive

~of_lIdluP.NlIldarpicC,in... 11UlheoiI _ _ bypotheoeolXlllC<lliqjlhe ...fI _ _

18

1.1lII_oI... i 1 _ .... _1be _ _ _ tIoioil...~i1Q11n101y...

--iaIo-

-

2.A11bellpllial_or1beenlinislllld1belarJlllleYelaorOlplic ... _ _ _ byliIb ....aI&I,IIld&NiIbIqIIIl>IIbn.ThiIinoquIIityiIhypoIhaizaIbecaux tiow -lIldlimolloll_ilrdeueddireclJyinto1beocan;

1belllljorilyol1be_.. 1beiolonddo ..._liIh;~iI.liirIyncw,lhua 1IllIII1Ild""'JlocabdnllllJ)'i n - '

l.

n. _ _

01... ~ a o d o l l i l -

-..q",lIpIIial_AJ1be_Iludied _ _ (_1be_ioIand,,,,

_ ... _ _ ... "' >_or1be

_ _ couIdba1bemajor_oIOlp1ic_ noa_in1be_

01...rdeuedwilldependupon1benlIIIJ)'in1be ...(a<pIQIIIure.60hpro<eIIina ...>IIld .. 1bepopllalion.For....,.,in.biaJIIy_ _ _ _ ..-adl.Sl.JoIIo',_i1...,...s"'be1be _orOfJlllic _ 1 J l _ _linIioblimlo,adl.Bayd'Elpoir. ~ i I

...,...s"'be 1be _ 0 I 0 l p 1 i c _

T. lOlpOCled . . . .~ I... 2)cIMapodhllU _ ... JIlI'IlIIlioooOC pli>ic,. _ _- - ' I b o _ _ CIlJIIlIIoMdil._ __dul<lll:d>orI9. 1998jill_ ... II _ _ . . _ - - t o - iulllljar-OC-arpic ...

<raw

_o8iI,oquocuIIln_ _j&om ...amilutocOC arpic_to ... _amilutocOC_h ... _ oCNcwbmdImI(T1ble 1.1).11neOC...II _ _

pYO'"

_bypoobooiIullU_<Sewoae I,0lIil2,

~3. _ _ 4j.'IbomodiIn_ h _ pIaeed _

u'"

. . . """""OCarpic_olIiIu _linfilltll(lllWllureu ...

_ _ ... IIWllliII (l.rtt.IIWIbI, ...ju ...

_"o.-ww_ ....

^Modiu

I Sewue 11111111111 1

Fon6ob 22233334424 3

0lIil 333222 2243 2.3

--

44444423332 4

'Ibo~chopur...IMIbodaIosY ill IIU1IUdy.'IbochopurJ...

orpizod ...iulplliol OC... 'Ibo"'"

_(1qcIllplliolocolel _ _ linl,OOUIII IOllOOII, _ _ . . . dird,"' 1uL'Ibolinoichopur pnldicIionI . . . """

orpoic----..._...- 2.

. . - -

21

a.-2:~

_ _" _ " - _ - - " "

... _--

no... . . -....IIle ...

NeMbundJand lXlIIlIine.AItheDIeoftheentireiolond,oIIiII ....1IlelIrgeol of orpnie_ ...1IleCllIIIIIwaunofNeMbundJandfilrtodloflllelYeyean _lluriIwdUpcriodlllefilnnolllleollilchqol&ombcina~6nlisII _ '" bcinapecIoninaIyaabondIIwiq> - . SewqewutheIOClllIdIuJat _ o I o r p n i e _ - - - I I l e I O C l l l l d - - o n d ... IIle_ _.Sewqe ..._JtiaklyCMl'the6vejar poriod,06I ... _ ... lIlerileilll99SIIIlII996(bulllilbod'''''_IIl91...~

1IIlI oIiPdYCMI'the6veywt.

_food

IIIlIIioca&om6nlisII ... _ ... lIady.lWlY_&om1991'"1996,uaibtheochrr - . . 0 1 _11iarilein1qUIl>IIIln ... """'"""predomiIlIIdyinBayd'Elpoir,...

IIleIllUthCOlll.IfIlle ....oI_COllIimIea~lIII)'onIybe_ _~yeanbefilre

IIlelew!0I1qU1G11bn _ illimilar'"thelew!olollilnleued.

22

:u:_

11Io . . . .1pIliII1ClIIo ...._intlio_iotbo_NewfiJuadIInd ... llioCllpllCllldtlllltbolXllllll_cl'NewbmdIIad ...nIalMIylow_ of orpoic _ _ iaClJllll*iooo .. CJlborlXllllll ...widI"at-_ _IIll!_

oliWoIry.ExiIIq ...ol ...orpnic:_ _ ~tbolllUl....

olorpoic _ _ iloOOlllll ~ ...

~ d I e....olorpoic ia Moot...

iaYOMd_ o l 8 O O ,P,N,lIll!einlXllllll F inoIanco, _ (199S) cpudiIioddie...ole, N, PIIll!BOD...1heLclqlnlelinIheBayoCFwxIy,Iiom

_~Iim~.plipmi1l,._ _pIam,andl1llUllll ...

1Iarpw"....(l996)""' . . - orpni<_ ol dleLsq by N

ond8OO_ond ...iapos(IIll!...I_ ~_.

plipnall,'''''''"Y,•

lim""

o n d - - ' " _ _ coq>Icud I!lIl

~_ _intbo_ ol corboo, lIll!aiIropIl_ ...

_ _ (EnolI199S,AunandSlipInndII990,Ad<donondEodI199O, 00WCII and BradIuy1917)and_orpnic:_IFrop and~1991,_1991, LuoiI19I9)~IIll!Bql<im(19911-.ddiemy ...ol..-dlied ond _ _ ..._ ~1ba1:-. ... Iilund1llalcouldbelllOdia.direa ClJlIlI*iooool_olorpoic ..._ o I < q l X l l l l l l _

23

,.. ... _ o l ..._~io

__ ...

-olcqri:

_ . . bylilb ....aIiI,lIllI_--...lbo\owloi

orpaic ia _ _ l O b e - - - .... - -

...

13:_

UI:e;-.r....-

lbopnnlolljocli\oeol _ _ ..quoroilY _ _olcqri:

_ _ _ i u " " ' _ .

_ ._ _ alUIdfriybe_. _ _•...._or _

1IllI...._or~_TIliIia_ dora_friy.- _ or

~diIlrict _ _CMdoppedwlh _ c l _ lish<riea

_ _ _ lOCIioo.lbo _ _ orcqri:_

(_ _lIllIolIiI)wnquailiodlllll~.""'_ _ _ inrtprdlO _ ...ctariIuIiIw_ol_ lbo_1ocIIions

wIh ...._IIld.._-ororpaic-bcina-wn _ _

lbo \owlorcqri: _ _-.,...modIllClIIdirwIO ...clcky orpaic_ _ .ID...._orollilbadlcqri: inorpaic_wn _ _ or

..-of_...

^f _ > _ A l ...

24

_ _I O ~ l l I I a w n_ _ ._ciClfJlllizaliooolllloiiliaDy ...1IIe_n o _ c i....iocUIodllle ...~oCI'_ond

~1IIe...~ ~ o a d_ _AIlirt,lIIepoWlCill

~"""'-_ond~dlo_~oCI'_ond

~(DI'O~dlo -ca.Mrtaooale-da,

. . . . ._e----(NSGA~lIIepoWlCill

~OC~_ondLandaondtboir~-Ca1Ila,ondd1e C&nadiaoCtnlreforFIIb<rieI_(CCFI)_IheMarineInoIiIutcoCManorioI um.nityofNewfilundIond

n-

daIalIIlIbIedcaIaIIaIioooClhe ... oCOIllI'*:""'"

_Iilllnlheiu_

W_oaq>IIawn ... _ilrlDaDl!y ilr._OC...~-.IeI ... d1e . .OCorpoic_ o d y d 1 e _ b -.lei baYeboa>bW 10 _1IIe . ._Ibe cIq>eodallll ...uwdl u . . .AIlaIy,q_ ... - * I ...baYelllllbled _ _ d1eblr IIIIjar_oCorpoic_ b- * IbaYe boa> iqncOicaIlO _roplhor_

... _IlooaIbe Ia-.IoborM«yIllllylil-.lel baYeboa>_~ilr-a. . . ...-OC_oaq>IIa

_.il...

lmowll,a_lUIJIlIinIuveyoC_NewfilundIaI>d,ilrOulancelbedne_uveyoC Ibe ""'"oCTriIilyBayilrIpllCificcarboncompouoda byPIrriIb1101. 1999.-.lei be uae6llio"""""'""'wilblbe _ _ ...._b-.lelIldp .... _ _OCIhe ... OCorpoic_ . . . . Ihe_.

2.

no...

olCllpllic: ....,oiIodb 1992-1996. A... porQlol

..._iiIioIJ' bt_but ..-bollbr _ _owide

diI,,"_poriod.

no _

_odliII1IiyoadconoiJloldle -1'toioaIII,dleEallCclulIllllCcDnl--...dleA.... P<ninaIII, die -Cclul,IIIlIdleWIIlCclul. y. . . _ _ . ._ b y d l e ~ o l

_oadOooooL

n....

14_ _i1_ _.A-N(TtilIe2.1.

y",2.I ~Wllllildlelilboriel _ _1hn. . 49. . . _ _ see y",2.2liJrdlelilboriel _ _oadl1llir~_(uisedinTIbIe 2.1~11le6ve. . . _ aDlindlelilboriel_IIIlI_(TtilIe2.2~Noce ... oldle_ nyidldeoolyporllol_ _ .... (filrinslance, dIe_PtninaaIo,RoP>o 1._portolMoM,oDoiMoN, IIIlI portolMo A).

eoo.I ...cIo ...dIe_ _

bioimporUm .. llbno"""""'dIe ol _ _indle...

_ - . lliIwull:alll.,a.btd"""'P obooMIiooIoad

_10

^dclamine

dIe... ol _ _ dle..-.

26

T....U. _ _A.- ... _ " ' _

AnoAl_I-5 AnoGI_:rl-2I

I.Q p o _-QpoIlUd

~:~:::~~,

2.QpoIlUd-L.-_

3.L.-_-QpoI'GK

Ano81_ _ 4.Qpo ...- ... 19.Qpo StIIIry',- IlUdHood 5.

Poiuidae _ - c:i.e

SlJoIwl lO.1IaiIdHood -0rIIldy_

AnaBI_~ 3I.0rIIldyPoint-IandeIlIieHad 6.CapeStJalm -NewBayHood 32.Ian deIlIieI!eId-^PoinlCrewe 7.NewBayHood - F_Hood Ano 1 ' _J3.35

•.Ooap_-F... 3l.PointCrewe-PcinlRooie 9.F_Hood -c.;F. . . 34.Point Rooie-80MyPoint AnaCI _ I..13 35._ Point-... Pcinl 10.Qpo_-SbooCow_

Anoll_ _ II.SbooCow _ -_Hood 36... _ _ -Cape

la_

12._ Hood - W. . .Hood 37.CapeIa_-I'GKPcinl 13.W...I!eId- e - _ ^{31.Fox_-. . ._ _} AnaDI_I40I' 39.. . . . _ _-"""' ...

14.C a p e _-_Hood AnoKI_ _I

15._ Hood - - - ' Hood 40.Capeby-_Point 16. - - ' H o o d- W.RondomHad 41._Pcinl-c.... Sl.Gocmo 17.W._Hood-IIopooIIHood AnaLI_G-44 1'.IIopoaIHood-SoIYI(IIPoint 42.CapeSlGoorp-LqPcinl 19.

Soh..

Pcinl-0nIaPcinl 43.LqPcinl-BroodCowPcinl Ana

11:_»-»

44.Brood Cow Pcinl-e-SlGmrorv 20.0nIaPcinl- W... BayHood

AnaMI _ _ 21.W. . .BayHood-F_Pcinl 45.CapeSlGnpxy-MII1in',Point 22.F_Pcinl-T~Hood 46.Mortia',Pcinl- DooieI' , _ D.T... Had-C"';" Sl.FlIOl:io 47.DooieI',_ -PcinlRiche Ano.,_U-U

AnaNI _ _ 24.CapeSlFlIOl:io-CapeSi- 41.

_Riebe-

F<roIIe Pcinl

~: ~::..--~:

49._ _-Cape_

27

... -- ^"'-

1 . _ - 46.47.41.4901.112.03 04 PmllfM.N....ol A.

2.

EIIle-.

05,06,07,01,09,10,11,12, PmdA.B,Co ....dD.

QanI 13,14.1516

3.A_ _

17,11,19.20,%1,22,23,24, PmciD,E,F, G,....oCR 25"'...]0

4 ._e- n.n,

3.34.5.3/L7..lle 9 PmoCR oadJ.

5.WatCoul 40.41.42.434445 .... oCM

~<llI~_came&amtlle_SaImonidGrowas MociIlioa(NSGAl,satF... iucodliab _ ilTriiIyBay,SeaForat, oadtile . . . ciF_oadAquI<uIbn(DFA~Foad_nIioI(FCRa~MiaMol Iood Iddod ..-.oad tile... oCliIh procb>od wn _ &am NSGAIbrIIimonid _ i l Bayd'Eopoir.n o -,tIlenojariIy oCtile ... lbr_couId ... b e _ iltlle _ _ -.yoCtIleFOll_&amNSGA_wn-,,"

_1beIewn il _ _ by. . .OClilharxl._

dlaD_

^(T\IIly1991pal.-...1iIl~Nqp1iwFCRallSllllyoa:ur . u q t l l e _iliaoroutol...(l\lsty1991pal. - . . .iIl~Tbedauwn _ b y tileliIhlirmOWllUl &am_OWll_oad _oCtIle ... _ _ _ _ 11111, ...& a m ~_ _ . . be_ _ TbeFOll pIIlIndbyNSGA w n " ' _ " ... &amIlFAoad ..fCIlOCIJ(&am

28

1IIo_1_ _IOClOlIIIlU'O

n-doIB

_1111110-0<11111...

1*,.1*_...

~_. . COIlIIllllIlIy_ ....IIIoIOlilrlllolilrm, ... 1be

_below:

-FeIl- fIIIJIiIIlIl

"-(IqW)

- F""biomuI(kIfyr1- fIIIJIiIIlIl Fell

(F"ubbiomuI.1be .... ollbbpllducod" ' _ e r.inlll".nerds, 1be.... ol

_ _ 1a-..,1beIOl••noiooldry... foal..l1lUIld(er l ... lbb.

'1'blnIin,ildoca..._ o l 1 b e _ o l _ IIIo_.

~_... llOIIlplIed ..._lIllOboda,_filr_llId_filr

cod.1belllllbodboiowfilr

n o _

• FoellcFeRJ(Bioa.-

z.

• ~ food.% ~....

• e-DOII food• 1JaalaullaI ....

• F_·~... %F_pnlllad

• W. . . -lJIl:::oaa.-liled+FIClCeI

tIle_~""llldedlDdle " " ' _ _pocb:licn dIla_ dleprvvia;oI~ofF ondAquoaJIture.tile . . .(ks)oflish pnllladIlldFCRIilr ... _ _ID J'OI!y_offiledllldedlDdle_.

tIleFCRii dle..- offiled.. indiWbIliob_ond In.1Iborv<<y ... Iiob. . rIioedin_dle..-of _ _ bydleliobond ....

1ool._iolUlily _ _.in._or ilioiqlollible lDddIminodle ... ..-offiled _ _ onddle ... of _ _ 1berdiJre, ._FCRii Uliiadia..tidldle_ ... pinofliobiadle_io_lIIddle_ofli>od IlldedlDdle_ _

A lhIldleFCRilr _ _pellly_n:aicna.

~1D1"I'I*(I99Ipnconm iIt)dle_in8lycl'F.apc>rill",.FCRofl.S- 1.7.1lIJIy(l997pnconm iIt)''llO"uFCRofI.S IilrlllOllllnnlin8lyd'Elpair.De Si1Yaond_(I99S) ...tNir_lIow _ _lilrtypicll...

_ .... FCRofl.S.

n.u.

.FCRofl.S_UIOdID_dlequullity~WIIIeI

_ _ _ _._FCRI ... i l r _ i a _ ...

Adzilnllld EaoI(1990)1M.FCRInllIIId1.2i l r _Cl<IlIlOrico, ondliniIIrIy,EaoI

30

(1995), 1.2-1.3 f o a d _ i l r _ widlNorway ...fOloll.2

EIIoI(l995) IJ ... _ _ bipilr ... wu

. - - - . o l_ _ "fII.(l995) _ _ .fOlol ...l.2ilr_io_~...IIiI ... ,....

1be...,.olfoadwullllllipliedbylbe _ _ ol _foad(24%)lO ... l b e q o l _ .... 1be_ol_1ie<d _lIIIIIipIiedbylhe_ol6ll:el(drywoiaN)p"_ollilod_(2O%) IDaiYethoq o e _procb:ed. 1beae~wn

_110m.

wide range of _iotho_1be_olfoadlddod ... IcftUllCOllllllllOlinnelpco",_

aalDnhaa.wide... ol_I5-2O%_(GoMmllal.l!IIS},27%1nlUl (P<aczaklld.19I2~2O%_OX-lId.19I3~2O%_(GoMmIlldBradbury 1917), 3O%_(IIewridp19I4~

3m ...

(_ I994) 1DIl 3O% _

(5<)1Dour1Dll1lqlloim 1991)1 b e _ o l . . . . , siIlllI . . . .

_lwa.

_ .... i o l b e _25-3O%by_o-l99I~26%by_(IluIz1Dll V....c..>Pcl19l2~2O%by_<-"d.I995),2O%by_(S.yIlD...1d IlqIIoim1991~1DIl2O% by_ I i o b(IIRIl1DllGrowl1979)F",1bec:aIalIoIionI 6ll:eI _ _IDbe20%olthoilpllalfilcd.^1be_~intho_ _ tooliabilr_U _ f e a d _ _ID. 24%(1be medianllld _ %oftho_ _ ... _ ) oltholddod.... 1blnbt, t h o _ o f

_feadllld_ . . . . _ _--.-.ID_oltho~

... -

1lIo... dle_lIIOdilr ... MIldle _ o f _ - - =

• FCIl- FIlII(lla)/_(lla)

• . . . - 1.51:Bi::aIII

• l-...lfood -FIlIIx24%

• e-XIIIlI&oed

=

Filii•lJnc:tnumodfood

• F-.-ConuDed

r-s

x~

• WIIleI· UDCODUDedfc:al+FIeCa

1lIo_codfitmlildleProvill<e MIlcifl'cnndy.Thelll1OWlloCW Bi-todlelilbwullOl_lnoddilion, _ _ ilr_oflllllXlRSlllled tioed,cawmodtioed, ... __I l O l _ 1IIonfin, .. FCRwulllOdtoobcxin.

ltXlP_of_ilrdle 13codfimaFor _ _ . _ d l e F C R i l r _codia_3.0(W&n.I997xp<n.CIlDlIIlill,WiaiamlI\l9lIIp<n.CIlDlIIlisl, _1997p<n.CIlDlIIlIiol)._ _of_ildlefood(""~""<Ipin)and

in""

codwu_liJrby

into_...

tolIIbody-(TBW)oC.

_ _ iaoboul 70.1%

oc

body... (H••",CIl 1979)tlu,29.2%of....

... iaoky_andbooe. ""-p<rOlIlIIpenabled _ _ tobecalcuilledu oky ...

32

Tbo... _ ...llIiIiad&r _ _c:od_:

• FWW (IiI"'WlIyr)' FCIl. F... _ (IiI"'WlIyr)

• F... W (lildlyWllyr)' F... _ (IiI"'WlIyr).(29.2%) ThefoodaiwD"'_c:odCOlllilllOC llldcopiin.

n- ..

1IlIrine _ .... _ _ITBW"""""of_70.I'~ ldlywoiWllOC29.~.

• Food WtiaJt (iiidIyWlIyr)- Food addedO<i'"WlIyr) •(29.2%)

• W...O<idryWlIyr) •FoodwoiWIlO<idryWlIyr) -F....woiWIlO<idryWlIyr)

AII_...

doneoolyarlybasis.

The... IocaIionOCaquacuIIure ....& r _ &r1'111 1998 ... _ _ thepnMnc:iaIllq>anmenIOCFohcria ....^~MusaeI ....

aIIoplitma omitted _ the_ becaaefoodia...added '" theWIler....

orpIio-.ria inaaaodintheWIlerby_ _<IhouIh _

_ the_doca_) W...ilthelixmOCpauIoIiceaprocb:od bytheoe

...- ... w_ _

atrypanicuIaIe_ioo the cavity.

"""'OCthe....,..ded_ia~lilrlilod .... the ojocIed_the cavityu pcIIdIc:aIIcd pauIoIicea(llNaca.... _ 1990) W _ theIlIISSCIlitma . .

33

... --_ ^{... - . .- ... - ... _ .}

U.1o _ _

A _ a l Cllllidnd .. _ ..._alraw barc _ _ _ _ CcmDaoIy,qlIIIlliIiooalOllllidpol_ _

___V_"'...

^{IiIAn ...}c:opiIa ...da)'(Lpcd)"'_IIow ...

awiabIeiDdle_ for!llllll,moinIyraidallioIl!IIIicipoIitie10IupinWoaiaIiud ...

_.IIia_...,;"..sIeYellOC&yorpnic _ _ W...,.rdeue«lUld IIIllbe. . . _ dlecompooiIion isunbuwaIIId&y rdeue«lUIdIIIllbe0DqlUt0d _leYelIol_.Tbe_-oodClllllidnddle olpeoplelllddle _ _ . . . . _iabol_lIIdlbe_QIIOCilyolcalorics (_ . _ 75-TI%ol iw<oUdcaIorics~Tbed*d-oodCllcullllld raw... by ... lbe_ _ ol....-y_ ..._IIId~IIia_lewlby

"'pclIIUIIIioaolNcwboadIIIId ... _ _ <iopoooIal_ _tliI-ood_

" ' _ i l _ ~ o l d l e & y.... ol ...

_A__

filuodOllll_IlUdy.byFalb<t"'-(I997},tbIlClllllidndCllllydle....-yrdeueby _ i D ilsCllallolionol... (lbeyeuminedN IIIdP... IIIll.... OCorpnic _uiDlliallUdy).lJblliallUdy.Ibey.... _dlerdeueol_ _

" " " " " 1 l I d l . f i l o d ~ I I I d llIIIiaal.

1i<oIdIy_..--..oI ...lypi<aIW. . . . _ . _

... _ _ Iimilol200Wc!ay(_I995.1nit1996,Aolhoi"' ....

1997)«7JtWYr.T1llI .... olllOllllll_ia~iol:bIqlhe_ _ _ albocIsia(AamoaI99Sj.11111, _ . .I _ c k y. . . . .IoIheCllc:ullOool,

... cky ollhe tobe ...a*IpoiIlol _

%2.5%ol

Thollloorial_"'-'

• ~_lkIt'l-).7Jtw'l-xpapIIIIiallx(22.5%)

ThepopuIIlionollheincorponled1OwIlI....<XlIIIIIUlilieIofNewfoundIIIIdfiom 1951·1996 ... fiomIheMioic:ipoIDirec:klIyoflheIlepInmerColMulicipol ....

_Alliin.

Aliltollheincorponled _ _ .... 1he ... _inwl1idl 1Iley . .locoIed,iainAjlpaxixB.101991,lbcre. . .dIirly-tixlllricipolilieawilh _ _ i n _ ....LIIndor.iol:bIqbodl_bypMle~....

1!IlIIicipoI_(liclIllql\l99pen.CXlllIllIilt)Sewop_bypMle~

... lIkminto_indil-'Monyollhe _ _ . .kxaodinlllldorin

LaIndor . . . _ _Ihe . .ewidelhe_ol

diI-.The 14_ _wilh... _ _crobleZ.J). . .lIkminto _ _ _ ha....ooIy._oflheir_..-.Wbm"'"'l"'lil>ll IhequamilicaoCRlcuod_Ihe

r...1hal

AmoId's

eo....

hal1/2to2IJollhe_

-.d,IlaieV.... halabout1/41R11a1,Gambohalabout2IJ1RIIaI, .... _ hal 10%or ...._ I F _ l m pen. CXlllIlliIl) ...incorporaIal intolhe_The lIW_ilrlhe-..l_ollhepopulllionol_ ...

_If.

-.1IlId ....iII _ _kwu _ _ ... ...

...,....aotbc .

Ae-..._WfrJ

J W l i I l _ O ' w u _ i I l 19911lld _ i l l1996.1IIlI,"'popuIIIioair ~_wu avaiIoIlIeilr1he pIiod1992-1995.JWI Ibio-.dy.1110 _ ...

...lbiopliodwucalallooedbylinliqJ1he _ _ 1991 1lld1he 1996 ... - . ... ciYi<ioBilbylM.TIiI ....wu1henaddedOllCof __

rioq)or _ _ Cof... IiIiaIl...,.ty lOlind1he ...1Ml"''''Uo..q~.TlilIIlOIbodai- . _ , . t y

" " ' o r _ i I l _ _ (orpopulolioo) _ 1991-1996.TIiI_chqeil pnlbo/lIy ... _ac:tuaIIyOlXllll1ldbulilia._Ipplll'imaIioa_c.ws yom.n . _ i l r 1991 ... 1996 ....ilDowD,IIIdody1heIiu)'Oarlill _ ....

"-PcplIoIiOIlIcid"'-'wryDU<hilldloltimcpcriod.

36

TlllltU~_.-ldpoIIlIoo_pordoI_ _-.fdpoI_

-

I.I/olJIood^{~ 100%%~ T_ 1974Y_T_ _}

2.CIIlI._ciWIIUIIo

--

^\971

] ._.e-

50%",66.7% 1976

""V...

_5.~^{6. _ _ :15%}_100% ¹⁹⁷⁴1974

100% 1976

7 ._·...

^{100% 199:1}

l.-..Ano 100% \977

9.EuIPon 100% 1979

10.V _ 100% 1975

II.Gambo 66.7% 1915,2"plant1984

12. _ 80%+ 1972

11.Sl.Abn'. 100% 1976

14.e-.wIo-W _Trinily Trinilyooly 1912 15.1!amDdlII 100%(llUI o l _l 1979

n.lMlolc61 _ _liIbplalu, ...tholiftria _ _iaDDl . . . - inNcwbmdIand10it.... cak:uIaud _ tho- . . andpnxb:IioadaIIolIM _ ~orFllh<riaandOceano.n-dallwae_liJrIM _ _ .... liJrIM_ NewfuuadlandCOlllline. ThelMlolliobaia... procb:od d<pDIa..tho...ol6Jhproceuod IOd 1MJl'l<'lUIeyicId(II' _ naMI)').

V_ olfitilproceuod dq>cnll .. a ...ol_~1iIbIlOCD,

oro

",-1Od _ _ cIca.m,lOdpolilicll.lCIllIlDIlIiclOd_lidon

37

~1991~

1D199I_. . .<JIlly 6IlI... iDlbo... _iDBurpoIlld_iD

~cr.-I999_ ~~ThtpnModol~aCFiIb<riallld

~ _ dIIa_ _ ...,..,_lIleydo ... _

Ibo 01olIiI pocb:od._ ...DoaooIoaioa_aq>pooedtobqin iD1999.

Two"'_

lIII)'bqjaopcnlioaiD1999 ... cr.-l999 _ _ IioI).Th<nwullO _ _~ I b o _ O C o l I i I u o e d ,

_ _ _iDlbo_Honl:e,Ibo..-ofollil

_ iDlboYi<Dlyollbo 6Ib... IIII)'betoo"'ol.. _ .Boch ...

_olIiIliomlbo ...iDwIlidlllley..located,_ilr ....capIio.wIlidlooma liom6lll... iD_rqiooou _ c r . -l999pen.a>nm~~T h t _olollil

--- ^{... -}

I)Tht hmcdlodoimpIyOllculMlIbo _ _1bo_ollioblmlcd IIIdIhe _ ol6lbpocb:odt o _iD1bo1""""'iDl ... 'lIiImcdlodllllbledCllaliolionol Ibo_olollililrlhe _ _ ony.ThtDFOloodiI9d11a... -ilr 1he_ _ ...lIlIIyJIldiD.... _

.. _ _ oI iJr• . . - _ oIli11l ... pnJduoodil pIIIIl,lllOllIliII DFO pn>cb:IioaoaI

...~ _oIdia _ _ dia_

mn.

~oIpnJduood by

_yiclddurina

..-.,iJr.... . . . - Jf oIIil_ _ (biwIwI._

winIdeI,wbdkI,coddcI,ee, )Ihcntho oIthooIIiIwu1Irady.dly (only shdIs IrediIcanIedJI'II"IIIy). " , - - ,iftheoIIiI_fnlmlinlilh,Ihcnthodly ofthooIIil _ cabIiated,bocauoeofthe!iF

n.

DIIjority ofthepoceuedliIIl...

_ _ widl...body_(TBWlcaraaol70.l%oaI.dly...of:l9.2%

• LOIldod ... (Iqjyr)•!I!llNcodtiIb/bfyrl

%yicId

• 0lIiI(q)-. . . .&Ib(Iqjyr) -pnJduood&Ib(Iqjyr) •(29.2%)

FIShcrieI W...Stram ..thePaaficCout(5ee~1991,p.4)oaIbyT_., Q/.(19lI6)wbilellllllyq"'_dioplIIi"-. _

n._yicldiJr...

oIli11l theProcb:livily _ ( V " -tr... _lIldand.,....-IIldV"-n:-.pcIosicI,

IlI<lcdllo)-",byTAVELUaiIed(I997)wihdle_IlI<lLalndor

~ o l Y _ 1 1 l e_ _dle_yiddI,~1lI<l

plllb:t ...Ilr . .b y d l e _ ...,..noyidd_i>dle

_ _ dle -IlI<l -yioIdollr-typeol

plllb:t_Il_... ...-yiddIlr ~filr_typeolplllb:t (Le.

1kiD.._ i > - . _ _ i>IiIIdI, _ ....

_boaod-...

^~

IlI<lfilr_ol""'~_(Le._ _ I I 4 .... _ I I 5 ....1lI<l _ 1 1 9QIl~_ ,dlepn><b:lioaby..- Jiom DFO, did...incbIeu:h dcaiIod _ _ 11leDfOdolaooIyi>Wdeddle olplllb:t Jiomeodl"-' 11Iadlxt,

11I_"'-

yiddwucola&llledfilreodl"-(follle2.4)Jiomthe dcaiIod_aiwnin ...._byTawl.

n-...

_inOolbaequenl

-

T_U.Malo ... . - _ _

..-,-.._lioII

...

-

^_YioId

^...

... Yldd

Cod 32% Macbrd 49%

- _-

^{PoIIodcTurbot 32%36%31%36%} 1.lInIIlIiIhroe^{c.n6nSmcIlSmDd 1ll%~60%}15%

CIdiIIl 30% LcboIer 2m

Hob 32% Cnb 2m

-

^29%

^-

^2m

Gnm<ia' 21% MusodI 90%

-

^46%

-

^10%

••

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