I - Patria II - Romensis

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I

PATRI A

The discussion of the word patria which has occurred in these page s (ALMA, H, 93-6 ; III, 30-1, 87, 145-7) may perhaps justify a further con-sideration of its meaning in the 10-11 th centuries . The word occurs i n eleven of the letters of Gerbert (Pope Silvester Il), usually with a some-what restricted meaning . Oddly enough he never uses it to designate th e region of his birth and youth, Aquitaine or Aurillac, unless such is th e sense in letter 11, but I do not agree with such an interpretation t .

Twice patria is used with a somewhat general meaning . Thus, in ep . 183 to the Emperor Otto IH, he writes : quaenanz eerie major in Prin-cipe gloria, quae laudabilior in sunznzo duce constantia, seipsu m pro patria, pro religione, pro suorurn reique publice salute, maximis peri-crlis opponere?, and patria here refers to the German empire . In ep . 200, the meaning is still less specific for he mentions a friend who ha d left patriam parentesque to attend the school of Reims .

After being forced to leave his place as abbot of Bobbin he write s (ep . 16) : Sect quae spes sine restore patriae (Otto II who had recently died), cum fzdem, mores, animos quorundanz Italorunz pernoscanzus? (Cf. rector patriae inALMAIII, 146) . Here the juxtaposition of Italorunz an d patriae indicates that patria refers to Italy, and the conception of it a s

an administrative district is conveyed by the useofrector .

In two consecutive letters, 162 and 163, patria is used to mean th e city of Reims . In the first of these closely associated with patria are foun d urbenz Renzorunz, mums of the city, and cities, while in the second occu r nostram patriam and nostrae urbis .

Finally, patria stands for the duchy of Lorraine in epp . 26, 47, 49, 52 , and 58, and this indicate how closely Gerbert identified himself with th e

1 . Julien Havet, Lettres de Gerbert (Paris, 1889), p . 9, ep . I1 . Sipatriam sequor ,

sanctissimam fidem relinquo, si non sequor, exulo . Sed potius liceat cam fide in pa-latio exulere, quanz sine fide in Latin regnare . This I translate : « If I conform to

the customs of [this] district [or perhaps, county, as Gerbert was count of Bob-bie], I forsake a most sacred pledge, if I do not conform, I shall live in exile . Bu t rather let me live an exile in the palace with my pledge kept than to rule wi-thout fidelity in Latium . » A different view is held by a recent writer, Mathild e Uhlirz, Studien zu Gerbert von Aurillac (Archiefür Urfundenforschung, XI, p . 401 -402, 1930), who agrees with Havet in believing that patria here refers to France, and seemingly to the northern part from which Gerbert had come not lon g before,

44 HARIII];T PRATT LA'l'TIL\ .

ideas of his Archbishop Adalbero of Reims who was a Lorrainer by birth . Moreover, all the letters have reference to the efforts of Ding Lothair e

of France (954-986) to bring this duchy under French control so that th e

use of patria in these letters suggests a definite administrative district .

On the other hand, Fulbert, Bishop of Chartres (1008-1028), in hi s letters employs patria in a general sense only, and this in but three let-ters (3, 15, 45, ed . Aligne, 141) 1 .

From Spain comes still another example of the use of patria to mean an administrative district, namely in a fuero for Vizcaya and Durango granted by Icing Garcia VI of Navarre, Jan . 30, 1051 :

Ego Garsea rex . . . una cum . ., comites qui sunt in terra mea, placuit nobis et Go

-miti Eneco Lupiz, qui est rector in illa patria que dicitur Vizcaia et Durango, e t convenerunt omnes milites mei, quod ego facerem ingenuos et francos toton illo s monasterios, qui sunt in fila patria ut non habeant super illos auctoritatem nullius servitutis, nec comites, nec potestates . Et si in ullo monasterio moriatur ab -bus, vadant fratres ad episcopum ad quem pertinet regere illam patriam, et

eli-gant inter illos abbas, qui possit regere frutres 2 .

I I

ROMENSI S

The use of the form romensis in Spain was much more common tha n indicated by Lindsay in ALMA (II, 83) . Besides the instances he cite d from the Liber Ordinunz (éd .Férotin), it occurs also on p . 5, the manus-cript table of contents, Alitas _{ordo . 1 . Missa sancti Petri Romensis, an d}

on p . 235, Oferunt sacerdotes Dei nostri oblationenz Domino Deo pap a Romensis, Ille et Illi .

In MSS . from San Milltin de la Cogolla it appears as follows : MS . 1 , s . X[II, f. 2, _{epistola Gregorii Pape Romensis,} f. _{240, Explicit liber beat i} Gregorii Pape Romensis in expositions beati lob ; MS . I0, s . XIV (copie d from an old MS .), f. 3, Vita S. Silvestri Ronzen.sis, f. 83, Vita S . Gregori i pape Romensis : MS . _{13, s . X, Vita S . Silvestris Pape Romensis, f. 280 ,} Vita S . Gregorii pape Ramensis ; MS . 23, s . XIV, f. 40, Liber Sanct i Gregorii pape remensis (EIomilies) ; MS . 38, s . X, liber Bead Gregori i 1. For the information about Fulbert's letters I am indebted to Professer Lore n MacI{inney of the University of North Carolina, who is preparing an Englis h translation of these letters .

2. Juan Antonio Llorente, Notícias histdricas de las arcs provincias Vascongada s

Alava, Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya (Madrid, 1807), III, p . 374 . Observe that Jaime

Villa-nueva, Viege literario, XV, writing at the beginning of the lust century, stated : Los versados en la latinidad de los siglos medios saben que patriae era sinonim o de conitatus, dioecesis, parrocchia y otros tales (p . 61) .

ROMENSIS

4 5 Ronzensis in Ezecielisi MS . 44, s . X (or earlier), f. 10, Liber sententia-rum Domni Gregorii Pape Romensis subtractunz ex libri s

Also, romensis appears in MSS . from widely separated places . Thus : MS . 104 of the cathedral of Burgo de Osma, s . XIII . f. 1, liber beati gre -goriipape _{romensis in Ezequielenz 3 . MS . 11, 3 of the Biblioteca Naciona l} in Madrid, written in the year 945 at the monastery of Balerânica (nea r Burgos), f. 15°,

or

iob ;

ii

MS . Ripon 229 (ohm 288) in theA .rchivo de la Corona de Aragon a t Barcelona, s . X, f. 1 v , Libellas sententiarunz excerptus de libris nzo•aliu m Beati Gregor

ii

A MS . once at Cordoba, s . X, also contained the form : Indicizrnt Poenitentiæ . Rxcezpta Canomun . A Beato Gregorio Papa Romensi cdita'1 .

I-Iarriet Pratt LATTIN .

Cambridge, Mass .

1. Cristóbal Pérez Pastor, Indicepor tilulos delos códices procedentes de los mo-rzasterios de San Milltín de la Cog olla ', San Pedro de Cardefta e .ristenles en la bi-bliateca de la Real Academia de laHistoria (Bo/elm de la Real Academia de la His -ria, LIII, p . 469-512 . 1908) .

2. Timoteo Rojo Orcajo, Catdlogo descriptioo de los eddices que se conserva,, en la Santa Iglesi5 Catcdr•al de Bursa de Osma (Boletin de la Real Academia de Histo

-XCV, 194, 1929) .

3. Loewe-Bartel, Bibliotheca patrum laliaoruar llispan.iensis (Sitzungsbericlite Wien . Acad ., CXIII, p . 699, 1886) .

4. Zacarias García (Villada), Bibliotheca pair= latinorum Hispaniensis . H.

Ri-poll(Sitzunsb . Wien . Acad , CLXIX, abb. . 2, p . 28, 1915) .

5. Walter Muir Whitehall Jr . y Justo Perdz de Urbel, Los nzanuscritos del real mo-nastcrio de Santo Domingo de Silos(Madrid, 1930), p . 31 .

6. nutrias Garcia Villada, Catdlogo ile los codices ydocumentes de la caledra l de Lodi' (Madrid, 1919), p• 43 .