The effects of environmental regulations on waste trade, clean innovation, and competitiveness in a globalized world

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The effects of environmental regulations on waste trade,

clean innovation, and competitiveness in a globalized

world

Damien Dussaux

To cite this version:

Damien Dussaux. The effects of environmental regulations on waste trade, clean innovation, and competitiveness in a globalized world. Economics and Finance. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2015. English. �NNT : 2015ENMP0047�. �tel-01303772�

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N°: 2009 ENAM XXXX

MINES ParisTech Cerna

60 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75006 Paris

École doctorale n° 396 : Économie, Organisation, Société

présentée et soutenue publiquement par

Damien DUSSAUX

le 2 Décembre 2015

The effects of environmental regulations on waste trade, clean innovation, and

competitiveness in a globalized world

Les effets des politiques environnementales sur le commerce international des

déchets, l’innovation verte, et la compétitivité, dans un monde globalisé

Doctorat ParisTech

T H È S E

pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par

l’École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris

Spécialité “ Économie et finance ”

Directeur de thèse : Matthieu GLACHANT

T

H

È

S

E

Jury

M. Pierre Mohnen, Professor, Maastricht University Président

M. Mouez Fodha, Professeur, Paris School of Economics Rapporteur

M. Massimiliano Mazzanti, Associate Professor, University of Ferrara Rapporteur

M. Thomas Sterner, Professor, University of Gothenburg Examinateur

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i j

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H L

H H H L L

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H

H L

i j

CostDif fijt = ln[M in(U CDit, U CRit] − ln[Min(UCDjt, U CRjt]

U CDit i t U CRjt

i t

H L

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U CDit=

CostDit

QuantityDit

CostDit i t QuantityDit

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U CDit

i

U CRit=

CostRit

QuantityRit

CostRit QuantityRit

CostRit

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Wijt = α0Yitβ1Y β2 jt Dif f β3 ijt K Y k=4 δβk kij Wijt i j Yit i Yjt j Dif fijt δkij

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Wijt = exp(β1log(Yit)+β2log(Yjt)+β3CostDif fijt+ X k βkδkij+ X t αtγt+ X i θiωi+ X j θjωj)+uijt γt t ωi i ωj

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P r(Wijt) = e−λijtλWijt ijt Wijt! λijt Wijt= 0

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QDi i QIi QLi QDi = QIi + QLi cL cI cL = aLQL cI = aIQI aL > 0 aI > 0

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tL tI i aLQL+ tL = aIQI + tI U CD U CD = Cost_Q_DDt = (aLQL+tL)Q_Q_LL_+Q+(a_IIQI+tI)QI = (aLQL+ tL)α + (aIQI+ tI)(1 − α) α dL QD QD

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aLQ˜L+ tL+ dL = aIQ˜I + tI ˜ QL Q˜I ˜ QL = aIQD+ tI − (tL+ dL) aL+ aI ˜ U CD ˜ U CD = aLQ˜L+ (tL+ dL) ˜ U CD = aL aIQD+ tI − (tL+ dL) aL+ aI + (tL+ dL) aL aI dI ∂ ˜U CD ∂dL = aI aL+aI >0

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A A

aL aI

A

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A

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A

A A

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import recovery

mining demand

import = F (recovery, mining, demand)

import recovery import mining import demand

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Log(importit) =α0+ α1Log(recoveryit) + α2Log(miningit) + α3Log(demandit)+ α4Log(GDP/capitait) + α5tarif fit+ δi+ γt+ uit i t δi γt tarif fit uit

import recovery mining

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Log (popdens)

education

Log (popdens) recovery

mining

Log (popdens) mining

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education education

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one to one

= elasticity × importsmean

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2 3 4 5

2 3

4 5

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UE = C₀E+ 1 α Z 1 0 Cσ−1σ i di _σ−1σ α , CE 0 Ci UC _{= C}C 0 CC 0 w w∗ _{w > w}∗ w w∗ Yi = Ai (BiQi) ε−1 ε + H ε−1 ε i _ε−1ε , Ai i Bi i Qi i Hi i Hi i j ∈ (0, 1) ln Qi = Z 1 0 ln qjidj, qji j i Bi i bij w w∗ _j

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i NC i i (A0 i, Bi0) A "1 + γA i ψ"γA i B "1 + γB i ψ"γB i ψ ψ (0) = ψ′ (0) = 0 γA i A γB i i Ci = Pi−σP σ+ 1 α−1 _P i i _{P ≡}"R P1−σ i di _1−σ1 Pi = _σ−1σ ci ci i i ci= 1 Ai  v1−ε₊ c Q i Bi !1−ε  1 1−ε , cQ_i v Hi Qi = (Bi)1−ε cQ_i v !ε , Bi ε < 1 ε < 1 Bi

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Ai i NC i NiE = 1 − NiC cQi = w1−NC i (w∗)N C i _i Ai Bi NC i w∗ NC i qCi wNE i qiE = N C i 1 − NC i , qZ i Z ∈ {C, E} j i j Z Πi = ξ σ − 1A σ−1 i  v1−ε + w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε , ξ = Pσ+ 1 α−1(σ−1)σ σσ Ai, Bi NiC max γA i ,γiB ξAσ−1_i0 "1 + γA i σ−1 σ − 1  v1−ε+ w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi0(1 + γiB) !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε − ψ"γA i − ψ "γiB , ψ γA i γiB ψ′_"γA i = ξAσ−1_i (1 + γA i )  v1−ε+ w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε ,

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ψ′"γB i = ξAσ−1_i (1 + γB i ) w1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !(1−ε) v1−ε+ w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε−1 . ψ γA i γiB γA i γiB γA i Ai0 Bi0 NiC γB i Ai0 NiC ψ′′_"γB i ∂ γ_iB ∂NC i ≈ ψ ′_"γB i ln "ww∗ vBi cQi 1−ε + 1 (σ − 1) − (1 − ε) vBi cQ_i 1−ε! . γA i ε < 1 ε vBi0/cQi

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Bi0 "1 + γB i ψ ′_"γB i (1 + γA i ) ψ′(γiA) =   w∗ w NiC _w vBi !ε−1 + 1   −1 , NC i dirty share = w∗NiCqiC w₍NE i −NiF)qiE NF i NC i 1 − NC i = 1 −N F i NE i dirty share. dirty share NC i qij Bi qij bij Bi bij NiF

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NC i f"NC i f NC i max NC i ξAσ−1_i σ − 1  v1−ε+ w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε − f"NC i . f f′_"NC i = ξ ln w w∗ Aσ−1_i w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε v1−ε+ w 1−NC i (w∗)N C i Bi !1−ε  1−σ 1−ε−1 . NC i Ai

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t EnvInnovit= αImportShareit+ βXit+ δj + λt+ ǫit EnvInnovit EnvInnov i t ImportShare

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X δj λt i IVit= P k∈K(Mi.k.ShareEUkt) P k∈KMi.k.

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ShareEUkt = P l∈LMEU klt P lMEU klt k Miklt i k l K L t

P r(Innovit= 1) = Φ(αImportShareit+ βXit+ δj+ λt+ γSpilloverit+ υit)

Φ Spilloverit

i

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γ Spilloverit

EnvInnovit= αImportShareit+ βXit+ δj + λt+ ρmit+ ǫit

mit

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ln(Capital) ln(Size)

ln( )

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Score = 0 Score = 1 Score = 2 Score = 3 Score > 0

ln( )

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ln( )

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ln( )

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ln( )

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m3

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(a) × [(b) + (c) × (e) + (d) × (f)] × (g) + (h) ≥ 0 (b) + (c) × (e) + (d) × (f) t ln(T F Pit) = δ′(L)EN Vit+ β1X1it+ β2X2jt+ αi+ θkt+ α0+ Uit ln(T F Pit) i j

t total f actor productivity operating margin T F P

ln(T F Pit) = ln(OU T P U Tit) − αiltlit− αiktkit− αimtmit

OU T P U Tit i lit

kit

mit

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X1

f inancial independence

age

X2

industry concentration

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αi × θkt Uit SIM EN V EN V SIM EN V

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SIM EN V ECON P ERF (i, l) Ck SCOREilt = 1 − 1 K X k |Ckit− Cklt| Ckit+ Cklt Ck SCOREilt = 1 Ckit = Cklt, ∀k SIMENV EN V j i X SIZE CAP IT AL EN ERGY IN T C (c) p R&Dip = f (γ ′ (L)EN Vip+ β3X1ip+ β4X2jp+ αi+ θkp+ α0+ Vip) R&Dip

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R&Dip

f (.)

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p

GREEN IN N OVip = ρ′(L)EN Vip+ β5X1ip+ β6X2jp+ αi+ θkp+ α0+ ǫip

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GREEN IN N OVip = DECO,ip+ DEXT,ip P kDkip Dkip k (f ) i p

ln(T F Pip) =τ1R&Dip+ τ2GREEN IN N OVip+ τ3R&Dip× GREENINNOVip

+ β7X1ip+ β8X2jp+ αi+ θkp+ α0+ υip

ln(T F Pip) i

R&Dip GREEN IN N OVip

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(f ) τ1

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OP M ARGit= δ ln(COM P LYit) + γ ln(T F Pit) + βXit+ θk+ λt+ α0+ ξit

OP M ARGit i t

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ln(T F Pit) i Xit i j ln(COM P LYit) θk λt

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2 DECO,ip DEXT,ip DECO,i,2006−2008 = 3 × (ECOM ATi+ ECOENi) 2 DEXT,i,2006−2008 = 3 ×

(ECOCOi+ ECOSU Bi+ ECOP OLi+ ECORECi)

4 ECOM ATi

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Share of green innovation ∆T F P

R&D0

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