ISAE-SUPAERO Conference paper
The 1st International Conference on Cognitive Aircraft
Systems – ICCAS
March 18-19, 2020
https://events.isae-supaero.fr/event/2
Scientific Committee
•
Mickaël Causse, ISAE-SUPAERO
•Caroline Chanel, ISAE-SUPAERO
•
Jean-Charles Chaudemar, ISAE-SUPAERO
•Stéphane Durand, Dassault Aviation
•Bruno Patin, Dassault Aviation
•Nicolas Devaux, Dassault Aviation
•Jean-Louis Gueneau, Dassault Aviation
•
Claudine Mélan, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès
•Jean-Paul Imbert, ENAC
Permanent link :
https://doi.org/10.34849/cfsb-t270
Rights / License:
ICCAS 2020 Human Factors Approaches and M …
Human Factors Approaches and Models in LOC-I
Accident Analysis and Prevention: Flight Crew
Resource Management Techniques as a Risk
Mitigation Tool
Content
Background: Increasing cockpit automation and improved flight envelope protection on modern jet aircraft aim to reduce the risk of undesired flight states such as Loss of Control in Flight (LOC-I). However, evidence collected in recent Safety Reports by the International Air Transport Associa-tion (IATA) and InternaAssocia-tional Civil AviaAssocia-tion OrganizaAssocia-tion (ICAO) show that those measures pose new risks in cognitive task management of pilots. Based on our analysis of LOC-I accident re-ports issued by the respective national Aircraft Accident Investigation Board (AAIB), we found that while cockpit automation aims to increase efficiency, precision and reliability of operation, and reduce workload and fatigue of flight crews, its main inherent disadvantage of manual flying skill decay through non-practice poses new risks when faced with a complex Undesired Aircraft State (UAS). Although LOC-I accidents are infrequent, they are the highest in proportion to fatal accidents compared to other accident categories of significant concern. Therefore, efforts to anal-yse those rare correlations at the limit of expertise of skilled flight crew members must continue. In times of sophisticated automation, complex Human-Machine interaction has to be examined, and Threat and Error Management (TEM) methods have to be applied.
Aim: Results obtained from this paper aim to analyse if Crew Resource Management techniques (CRM) and TEM methods are sufficiently considered, trained and adopted in the airline industry. Furthermore, they aim to form vital evidence for future commercial airline pilot training at all levels and for a formulation of adequate Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) as part of the op-erators’ Evidence-Based Training (EBT), both ideally enabling pilots to deliberately control their aircraft in all conceivable situations and across various levels of automation.
Approach: In order to provide a holistic and practical-orientated analysis of the deep cognitive structure in flight path management, we used the Generic Error Modelling System (GEMS), an extension of the Skill-, Rule- and Knowledge-based (SRK) error approach defined by Rasmussen et al. in 1982, to visualise the latent conditions and cognitive task demand during LOC-I in routine flight operations.
Results: The increasing amount of automation in modern flight decks have simplified flight path monitoring during most flight phases, but too much reliance on the automation may have adverse effects on situational awareness of flight crews.
Conclusion: Leadership and teamwork, which is an essential part of CRM training for flight crews, can mitigate the LOC-I risk and human factor problems described in this paper. In the other hand, the high level of automation and a lack of its state awareness has created new LOC-I risks. Further research in the interaction between pilots and a highly automated and reliable cockpit system is required to understand the deep structure of flight path monitoring and to improve future EBT initiatives at commercial air transport operators to maintain the high level of safety we have today in aviation industry.
Keywords : Training
Mr HARI, Benjamin (City, University of London); Dr SIKORA, Ivan (University of West London); Mr HANUSCH, Moritz