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From ideas to policymaking : the political economy of the diffusion of performance-based financing at the global, continental, and national levels

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(9) . . 3FGDDK?L    3G ACQ LMSTC?SV ?ARCSPQ QMLR QSQACNRG@JCQ B{CVCPACP SLC DMPRC GLDJSCLAC NMJGRGOSC JCSPGLDJSCLACDGL?LAGaPCPCQRCJGKGR`CAMKN?P?RGTCKCLR\ACJJCBCQ?ARCSPQRP?BGRGMLLCJQ BCJ?'3- OSG?EGQQCLRNMSPJ?NJSN?PRAMKKC@?GJJCSPQBCDMLBQBCJ{?GBCCLQ?LR`KMLBG?JCv CR OSG DGL?LACLR BMLA BGPCARCKCLR MS GLBGPCARCKCLR JCQ ?ARGMLQ BC ACQ LMSTC?SV ?ARCSPQ /L NCP_MGR B{CK@J`C BC LMK@PCSV CLHCSV BC NMSTMGPQ B?LQ J? '3- 0MSP ?NNP`FCLBCP ACQ CLHCSV  J{?L?JWQCBCJ{`AMLMKGCNMJGRGOSC !%0 EDA>I>86A:8DCDBN6C6ANH>HCL?LEJ?GQ BCACRRC?PaLCBC EMSTCPL?LAC CQR SL MSRGJ NCPRGLCLR NMSP JCQ AFCPAFCSPQ ,{!%0 xAMLACPLC J{GLRCP?ARGML BCQ NPMACQQSQNMJGRGOSCQCR`AMLMKGOSCQB?LQSLAMLRCVRCBMLL`J?P`N?PRGRGMLBSNMSTMGPCRBCJ? PGAFCQQC CLRPC BGDD`PCLRQ EPMSNCQ CR GLBGTGBSQ CR JCQ NPMACQQSQ OSG AP`CLR  K?GLRGCLLCLR CR RP?LQDMPKCLRACQPCJ?RGMLQ?SDGJBSRCKNQy /%#$  N  IG69J8I>DCA>7G: 3GJCQ?NNCJQ\ KM@GJGQCP J{!%0 NMSP `RSBGCP J? Q?LR` KMLBG?JC ?SEKCLRCLR "MGBGL   0?PRGAGN?LRQ ?R RFC "CJJ?EGM 7MPIQFMN ML 0MJGRGA?J %AMLMKW MD 'JM@?J (C?JRF    GJ L{CVGQRC N?Q \ LMRPC AMLL?GQQ?LACB{!%0?NNJGOS`C?SAMLRCVRCNMJWACLRPGOSCBCJ?'3-  /P JCKMSTCKCLRNMSPJ{?RRCGLRCBCJ?DJK:GIJG:,6CIU.C>K:GH:AA: #35 ?AACLRSCJCA?P?ARaPC NMJWACLRPGOSCBCJ?'3-,?JGRR`P?RSPCPCJaTCCLCDDCRSLCKSJRGNJGA?RGMLB{?ARCSPQ BCP`QC?SV CR B{CVNCPRQBCJ?'3-OSG?NNSGCLRvB?LQJCQBGQAMSPQ J{?JJMA?RGMLB{?GBCCLQ?LR`KMLBG?JC CRJ? KGQC\BGQNMQGRGMLB{?QQGQR?LACRCAFLGOSCvJCKMSTCKCLRNMSPJ{?RRCGLRCBCJ?#35 "PMJ?L?LB (GJJ    #CRRC BCPLGaPC TGQC \ ?QQSPCP \ RMSRCQ JCQ NMNSJ?RGMLQ B{SL N?WQ SL ?AAaQ \ BCQ QCPTGACQBCQ?LR`BCOS?JGR`xQ?LQ?TMGP\PCBMSRCPOSCJCAMlRBCACQQCPTGACQ ?SKMKCLRMkGJQ BCTPMLRWPCAMSPGP JCQKCRRCCLQGRS?RGMLBCBGDDGASJR`„  DGL?LAGaPCy /-3  N ,?#35? `R` AMLQ?AP`C B?LQ JC NPMEP?KKC BC B`TCJMNNCKCLR NMQR AMKKC QMSQ/@HCARGD BC $`TCJMNNCKCLR$SP?@JC /$$  #F?NK?L  $?LQACA?BPC J{/PE?LGQ?RGML-MLBG?JCBCJ? 3?LR` /-3 PCAMKK?LBCB{GLAGRCPJCQN?WQ\D?G@JCCR\KMWCLPCTCLS 0&-2 \?BMNRCPJ?MS JCQ P`DMPKC Q  BC DGL?LACKCLR BS QWQRaKC BC Q?LR` ?B?NR`C Q  \ JCSPQ AMLRCVRCQ /-3    3CJML JCQ AMLRCVRCQ  JCQ 0&-2 NCSTCLR Q{CLE?ECP B?LQ J? TMGC BC J{?RRCGLRC BC J? #35 CL P`DMPK?LR JCQ KMBCQ BC DGL?LACKCLR BC JCSP QWQRaKC BC Q?LR` CL D?TMPGQ?LR RPMGQ BGKCLQGMLQB{`AMLMKGC BC J? Q?LR`  J? BCK?LBC BC Q?LR` A\B J? AMSTCPRSPC BCQ @CQMGLQ B{?AAaQ ?SV QCPTGACQ B{SLC NMNSJ?RGML  J{MDDPC BC Q?LR` A\B J? OS?LRGR` CR J? OS?JGR` BCQ QCPTGACQAMSTCPRQ CRJ{`OSGR` A\BJ?NPMNMPRGMLBCAMlRQBCQQCPTGACQAMSTCPRCN?PJ{%R?RMS JCQP`EGKCQBCNPMRCARGMLQMAG?JCTCPQSQACJJCBCQNMNSJ?RGMLQCRJ{?AAaQ\RMSRCQJCQNMNSJ?RGMLQ. . TG.

(10) . . QCJMLJCSPQ@CQMGLQGLB`NCLB?KKCLRBCQBGQN?PGR`QQMAGM`AMLMKGOSCQCRASJRSPCJJCQ !DGLB{?EGP QSPACQBGKCLQGMLQ GJAMLTGCLRBCRCLGPAMKNRCBCRPMGQDMLARGMLQCQQCLRGCJJCQBSDGL?LACKCLRBCQ QWQRaKCQBCQ?LR` +SRXGL  J?AMJJCARCBCQPCQQMSPACQDGL?LAGaPCQ JCSPKGQCCLAMKKSL  J{?AF?RBCQQCPTGACQBCQ?LR` A\BJCRP?LQDCPRBCQPCQQMSPACQKGQCQCLAMKKSL?SVNPCQR?R?GPCQ BCQCPTGACQ ?SLMKBCJ?NMNSJ?RGMLNMSPJ?OSCJJCJCQPCQQMSPACQMLR`R`KGQCQCLAMKKSL   $?LQ JCQ N?WQ B{!DPGOSC QS@3?F?PGCLLC  NJSQGCSPQ P`DMPKCQ BC DGL?LACKCLR BC J? Q?LR` MLR `R` KGQCQCL?T?LRN?PBGDD`PCLRQ?ARCSPQBCJ?'3- LMR?KKCLRJCQMPE?LGQ?RGMLQGLRCPL?RGML?JCQCR JCQMPE?LGQKCQBCAMMN`P?RGML@GJ?R`P?JC '?SRGCP?LB2GBBC  #CPR?GLQBCACQ?ARCSPQMLRCS RCLB?LAC\D?TMPGQCPBCQP`DMPKCQTGQ?LR\?K`JGMPCPJ?BCK?LBCBCQ?LR`B?LQJCQ0&-2 AMKKC JCQ NMJGRGOSCQ BC EP?RSGR` BCQ QMGLQ 2M@CPR ?LB 2GBBC    JCQ KSRSCJJCQ BC Q?LR` "MGBGL   CRJCQRP?LQDCPRQKML`R?GPCQAMLBGRGMLLCJQ "`J?LBCR?J  ${?SRPCQMLRNJSRhRAFCPAF` \NPMKMSTMGPBCQNMJGRGOSCQB{?K`JGMP?RGMLBCJ{MDDPCBCQ?LR`N?PJCPCAMSTPCKCLRBCQAMlRQ ,CC ?LB 'MMBK?L    CR BCQ KCQSPCQ TGQ?LR \ ?SEKCLRCP J? NCPDMPK?LAC BCQ NPMDCQQGMLLCJQ BC Q?LR` 2MUCCR?J  4MSRCDMGQ ACPR?GLQ?ARCSPQBCJ?'3-MLRAMLQGB`P`OSCACQP`DMPKCQ ?T?GCLRE`L`P`BCQP`QSJR?RQNJSRhRB`ACT?LRQ#CPR?GLQMLRCQRGK`OSCACQP`DMPKCQL{?T?GCLRN?Q QSDDGQ?KKCLRRCLSAMKNRCBCJ?RPMGQGaKCDMLARGMLBSDGL?LACKCLRACJJCBCJ{?AF?RBCQQCPTGACQ -?RF?SCP    %L P`NMLQC \ ACQ `ASCGJQ  NJSQGCSPQ ?ARCSPQ BC J? '3- NMJWACLRPGOSC v MPE?LGQ?RGMLQGLRCPL?RGML?JCQ P`QC?SVCRGLBGTGBSQGLDJSCLRQvMLRNPMKSJ?KGQCCLuSTPCB{SLC P`DMPKC BC DGL?LACKCLR BS QWQRaKC BC Q?LR` B?LQ JCQ 0&-2  JC DGL?LACKCLR @?Q` QSP J? NCPDMPK?LAC &"0  4SPAMRRC4PCK@J?WCR?J  ,C&"0QCDMA?JGQCQSPJ{MDDPCBCQ?LR`JCQ NPCQR?R?GPCQ BC QMGLQ BC Q?LR` QMLR DGL?LA`Q  ?S KMGLQ N?PRGCJJCKCLR  QSP J? @?QC BC JCSP NCPDMPK?LAC)JKM@GJGQCJCQRF`MPGCQ`AMLMKGOSCQBSNPGLAGN?J?ECLRCRBSAMLRP?R,CNPGLAGN?J N?P CVCKNJC  JC KGLGQRaPC BC J? Q?LR`  AML_MGR SL AMLRP?R DMPKCJ OSG GLAGRCP? SL ?ECLR N?P CVCKNJC  SL NPCQR?R?GPC BC Q?LR`  \ ?BMNRCP SL AMKNMPRCKCLR AMLDMPKC \ QCQ GLR`PbRQ %JBPGBEC ?LB0?JKCP  #CJ?NCSRbRPCP`?JGQ`CLJSGMDDP?LRBCQ?T?LR?ECQDGL?LAGCPQCRCL`R?@JGQQ?LR BCQNPMA`BSPCQBCQSGTG`T?JS?RGMLBCJ{CV`ASRGMLBSAMLRP?R  tJ{GLTCPQCBSQWQRaKCBCDGL?LACKCLRN?PJCQGLRP?LRQ ?TCA@SBECRPCAMLBSGRAF?OSC?LL`C JC &"0KCR?GLQGJ{?AACLRQSPJ{?RRCGLRCBCP`QSJR?RQQSPJ?@?QCBCAG@JCQB`DGLGCQ\J{?T?LAC B?LQJC AMLRP?R #CQAG@JCQAMPPCQNMLBCLR\SLCOS?LRGR` SLNMSPACLR?ECBCAMSTCPRSPC MSSLQAMPCBC. . TGG.

(11) . . OS?JGR` %JJCQ QMLR JG`CQ \ J? NPCQR?RGML BC QCPTGACQ BC Q?LR` OSG CQR x?AFCR`Cy N?P SL MPE?LGQKC RGCPQ,C&"0QCDMA?JGQCBMLAQSPJ?DMLARGMLB{?AF?R 3MSA?RCR?J  tJ?DGLB{SLCN`PGMBC BMLL`C QMSTCLR  SL RPGKCQRPC  ?S AMSPQ BC J?OSCJJC J? NPCQR?RGML ? `R` P`?JGQ`C  SL QWQRaKC BC T`PGDGA?RGML CR AMLRPCT`PGDGA?RGML QC KCR CL NJ?AC ?DGL BC AMLRPhJCP JCQ P`QSJR?RQ CR MN`PCP JC TCPQCKCLRBCNPGKCQ?SVNPCQR?R?GPCQ5LCN?PRGCBCACQNPGKCQQCPR\P`?JGQCPBCQGLTCQRGQQCKCLRQ B?LQ JCQ ACLRPCQ BC Q?LR`  J{?SRPC QCPR BC QSPNJSQ ?S Q?J?GPC BCQ ?ECLRQ BC Q?LR` ,CQ NPGKCQ B{GLTCQRGQQCKCLRQ AMLRPG@SCLR \ QSQAGRCP SLC ?SRMLMKGC B`AGQGMLLCJJC ,GCP J? NCPDMPK?LAC BCQ NPCQR?R?GPCQ \ BCQ NPGKCQ  NCPKCRRPC SLC ?SRMLMKGC B`AGQGMLLCJJC  CR ?QQSPCP BCQ AWAJCQ BC P`RPM?ARGMLNJSQAMSPRQQMLRACLQ`QKMRGTCPJCQ?ECLRQBCQ?LR`\DMSPLGPBCQQCPTGACQBCKCGJJCSPC OS?JGR` PCLB?LR?GLQGJ?NPCQR?RGMLBCQCPTGACQNJSQ?RRP?W?LRCNMSPJCQN?RGCLRQCR?SEKCLR?LRJCSP SRGJGQ?RGMLBCQQCPTGACQ &PGRQAFCCR?J    ,C&"0?`R`CVN`PGKCLR`B?LQNJSQBCBCQN?WQB{!DPGOSCQS@Q?F?PGCLLCCLRPCCR  CLB`NGRB{SLC?@QCLACB{SL?LGKGR`QSPJCQNPCSTCQQAGCLRGDGOSCQBCQMLCDDGA?AGR` 0?SJCR ?J  #MKKCNMSPNJSQGCSPQ?SRPCQP`DMPKCQBSDGL?LACKCLRBCJ?Q?LR` .?@WMLE?/PCKCR ?J   2GBBC    J? BGDDSQGML BS &"0 B?LQ RMSQ ACQ N?WQ PCNMQC BMLA QSP BCQ NPMACQQSQ LMLJG`Q\J?NPGQCBCB`AGQGMLDMLB`CQSPBCQ@?QCQD?ARSCJJCQ :K>9:C8: >C;DGB:9EDA>8NB6@>C<  GJ CQR CQQCLRGCJ B{?L?JWQCP ?SRPCKCLR J? K?LGaPC BMLR ACRRC NMJGRGOSC ? E?EL` BS RCPP?GL ?SV LGTC?SV EJM@?J  AMLRGLCLR?J CR L?RGML?J ,CQ NPMHCRQ NGJMRCQ BC &"0 QMLR NPMKSQ N?P BCQ MPE?LGQ?RGMLQGLRCPL?RGML?JCQ BCQP`QC?SVCRBCQCVNCPRQRP?LQL?RGML?SV DGL?LA`QN?PBCQ@?GJJCSPQ BCDMLBQGLRCPL?RGML?SV LMR?KKCLR\RP?TCPQSLDMLBQE`P`N?PJ?"?LOSCKMLBG?JC JC!:6AI= +:HJAIH"CCDK6I>DC-GJHIJC9 (2)4& CR?NNSW`QN?PBCQ?QQGQR?LRQRCAFLGOSCQOSG?EGQQCLR\ ACQBGDD`PCLRQLGTC?SV!SBCJ\BSNMSTMGPDGL?LAGCP ACQ?ARCSPQCVCPACLRBCKSJRGNJCQGLDJSCLACQ TGQ?LRJ{CVN?LQGMLBCACRRCNMJGRGOSC#CQGLDJSCLACQGLAJSCLRJ{?QQMAG?RGMLQRP?R`EGOSCBS&"0\ BCQ RCLB?LACQ CR BGQAMSPQ NMNSJ?GPCQ QSQACNRG@JCQ BC QSQAGRCP J{?BF`QGML BC LMK@PCSV ?ARCSPQ ;G6B>C< J?AMLBSGRCBCJ{?ECLB?B{?NNPCLRGQQ?ECBS&"0?SNPaQBCQ?ARCSPQJMA?SVBCQ0&-2  J{GLAGR?RGML \ J{`KSJ?RGML NMJGRGOSC CL NPMKMST?LR BCQ `AF?LECQ GLRCPN?WQ QSP JC &"0  CR J? D?AGJGR?RGMLCRJCAMLRPhJCBCJ{CVN`PGKCLR?RGMLBS&"0#CQDMPKCQB{GLDJSCLACQMLRB{?SR?LRNJSQ AMKNJCVCQ OS{CJJCQ QMLR PCJ?RGTCKCLR NCS TGQG@JCQ JCQ ?ARCSPQ BC J? '3- NPMKMST?LR ACRRC NMJGRGOSCQ{CDDMPACLRBCKCRRPCCL?T?LRSL&"0AMLBSGRCR?NNPMNPG`N?PJCQN?WQ ?DPGA?GLQ CL N?PRGASJGCP CRBCQGLRCPK`BG?GPCQJMA?SV AMKKCJCQNP?RGAGCLQ?DPGA?GLQBS&"0. . TGGG.

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Cet écart entre les prin- cipes du mécanisme que la physiologie devra suivre et les explicantia qu’il est en 1710 déjà possible de proposer est manifeste dans la promotion de la

The other representative of RAS considers a dual approach to the concept of the digital economy: the first – classical one - according to which “digital economy” is