Atlas de la agricultura de las Américas

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INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE (IICA), 2019

Atlas for Agriculture in the Americas is published by IICA under a Creative Commons

Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/)

Based on the publication at

www.iica.int

.

IICA encourages the fair use of this document. Proper citation is requested.

This publication is available in electronic format from the Institute’s website

http://www.iica.int

Atlas for Agriculture in the Americas

First edition, 2019

San Jose, Costa Rica

Also published in Spanish

Content:

Eugenia Salazar

Translation:

IICA Language Unit

Design and layout:

Ingenio, Arte y Comunicación S.A.

We wish to express special thanks to Information and Communication Technologies and Digital

Agriculture Division for its enthusiastic support in materializing the website for this publication.

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FOREWORD ...3

SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET ...5

Overall context of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) ... 6

Agricultural sector in LAC ... 7

Agrifood trade in LAC ... 11

Towards sustainable agriculture ... 13

SECTION II

CROPS ...15

Andean Region ...16

Avocados ... 16

Bananas ... 18

Cocoa beans ... 20

Coffee ... 22

Grapes ... 24

Caribbean Region ...26

Avocados ... 26

Rice ... 28

Cane Sugar ... 30

Bananas ... 32

Cocoa beans ... 34

Central Region ...36

Palm oil ... 36

Bananas ... 38

Coffee ... 40

Melons ... 42

Pineapples ... 44

Northern Region ...46

Almonds ... 46

Rapeseed ... 48

Maize ... 50

Soybeans ... 52

Wheat ... 54

Southern Region ...56

Cane Sugar ... 56

Coffee ... 58

Maize ... 60

Soybeans ... 62

Grapes ... 64

SECTION III

LIVESTOCK & DAIRY PRODUCTS ...67

Meat product market in LAC ... 68

Dairy product market in LAC ... 70

REFERENCES ...73

Acronyms ... 74

Harmonized System Code ... 75

List of countries of the Americas ... 76

Sources of information ... 77

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The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region plays a pivotal role in the world’s agrifood

markets. It currently accounts for nearly 14% of global agrifood exports. In 2017, the value of

the region’s net exports topped USD 148 billion, with USD 2.60 earned from exports for every

dollar spent on imports. The LAC countries now lead the international markets of tropical

fruits, coffee, roots and tubers, oilseeds and cereals, among others.

As well as being an important supplier of agrifood products to the world, agriculture makes

major economic and social contributions. Over the last year, the agriculture sector accounted

for 4.6% of LAC’s GDP and more than 14% of all employment in the region. This figure is

considerably higher in rural areas, where around 54.6% of the working population are involved

in agricultural activities.

In addition to its current role in agrifood markets, LAC is one of the regions best placed to

increase food production in a sustainable manner, thanks to its biological riches and the land

and water available. However, there are also important challenges to overcome with regard

to the distribution and management of resources among and within countries.

This publication is intended to highlight the share of important agrifood products that the

region supplies to the rest of the world, in order to contribute data and useful information for

decision-making.

This first edition includes systematized information on the 5 main exports of the countries of the

Andean, Central, Southern, Caribbean and Northern Regions. The information demonstrates

the importance of these products both within Latin America, as well as within the global

market, in a clear, organized and rapid manner. It also provides a general overview of the

meat and dairy export markets of Latin America and the Caribbean. We trust that in addition

to serving as a source of reference for decision makers, the information presented here,

which will be updated periodically, will be useful in fostering dialogue between governments

and will be an incentive to increase trade and horizontal cooperation. Indeed, we hope that

it will represent a starting point for the formulation of initiatives that will strengthen the

development and well-being of the 125 million inhabitants of rural areas in LAC.

Manuel Otero

Director General

Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture

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SECTION 1 LAC:

A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL

AGRIFOOD MARKET

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SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET

OVERALL CONTEXT OF LATIN

AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (LAC)

LAC ACCOUNTED FOR 19% OF THE TOTAL ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF THE HEMISPHERE

DURING 2018 (IN BILLION USD. THE COLOR OF THE COUNTRY IS BASED ON THE REGION

WHERE IT IS LOCATED)

FORECASTED GDP GROWTH

FOR 2019 (%)

GDP GROWTH RATE AND

PROJECTION (%)

-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

World LAC Canada China USA

D M A P A N D O M G R D B O L A T G P E R G U Y C O L K N A G T M P R Y C H L H N D L C A C R I S L V B L Z U S A V C T S U R B H S B R A U R Y J A M M E X H T I C A N T T O B R B E C U A R G N I C V E N

- 25

- 5

- 1. 2

- 0. 5

- 0. 1

0 1. 5

1. 5

1. 6

1. 7

1. 9

2. 1

2. 2

2. 3

2. 5

2. 9

3. 3

3. 4

3. 5

3. 8

3. 9

4

4 4. 2

5. 1

6

8

USA 20 494 CAN1711 MEX 1223 BRA 1868 ARG 518 CHL 298 COL 333 ECU108 VEN 98 PER 225 GTM DOM PAN

Region Andean Caribbean Central Northern Southern

USD

5 247 000 000 000

Gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018

642

million people living in LAC (9 % of the world population by 2018)

1 %

GDP annual growth in 2018

762

million people will live in LAC by 2050, with 88 % residing in urban areas

19 %

Contribution of LAC to economic production in the Americas in 2018

16 %

of the Earth’s surface (20 000 000km2₎

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AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

IN LAC

GTM CRI HND NIC DOM

Andean

18.5 %

North

15.0 %

MEX

South

56.8 %

BRA ARG PRY URY COL PER ECU BOL

CENTRAL

7.1 %

PAN SLV JAM

Caribbean

2.6 %

DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN LAC (IN 2017,

EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGES)

0.2 %

agricultural production growth in LAC (2018)

4.6 %

contribution of the agriculture sector to the GDP of LAC (2018)

14 %

contribution of the agriculture sector to total employment in LAC (2018)

37.7 %

percentage of agricultural lands in

the total surface of LAC (2016)

USD 7190

average partial factor productivity (PFP) per farmer in LAC (2018)

The SOUTHERN REGION has

spearheaded agricultural

production in LAC, accounting for

of total production in 2017, followed

by the

ANDEAN REGION (18.5 %)

,

NORTHERN REGION (15 %),

CENTRAL REGION (7.1 %)

y

CARIBBEAN (2.6 %).

56.8 %

USD 275 000 000 000

agricultural value-added (AVA) in LAC (2018)

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SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN LAC

In terms of employment, agriculture accounted for more than 14 % of

total jobs in LAC.

In LAC, agriculture plays a key role in income, employment and food

generation, not just for consumption in the region but in the rest of the

world as well. In terms of production, agriculture in LAC accounted for

4.6 % of the regional GDP.

CONTRIBUTION OF AVA TO THE GDP (IN 2017, EXPRESSED AS

PERCENTAGE)

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL AREAS (% OF

TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, ACCORDING TO GENDER)

URY 5.1 SUR 12.6 NIC 15.1 HND 12.8 GUY 15.4 GTM 10.1 ECU 9.3 DOM 5.7 CHL 3.9 PRY 10.3 PER 6.7 MEX 3.4 COL 6.4 BRA 4.6 BOL 11.6 ARG 5.5 Contribution of AVA to the GDP (%, 2017) 0.5 15.4

CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO GDP (%) AND OF

AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TO TOTAL EMPLOYMENT (%)

Note: The color of the country is based on its corresponding region. The size of the bubble represents AVA in billion USD (2017).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 T TO DOM BRA MEX ARG COL PER CHL ECUG TM BOL PRY HND CRI URY NIC PAN SLV _JAM G U Y SUR BL Z BHS LCA VCT

Employment in agriculture (% of total employment)

AVA (% of GDP) Employment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 URY SLV PRY PER PAN NIC MEX HND GTM ECU DOM CRI COL CHL BRA BOL LAC Women Men

At the national level,

work in the agriculture sector in LAC. of total employed men and of total employed women

18.5 %

7.5 %

In LAC, 125 million people live in rural areas (2018), which accounts for 19.4 % of the total population.

In countries like Bolivia and Peru, rural employment in agriculture surpasses 70 % of the total workforce.

of the total number of workers in rural areas carries out primary activities associated with agriculture.

54.6 %

In rural areas,

work in the agriculture sector in LAC. of total employed men and of total employed women

62.1 %

40.8 %

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Over the last ten years, LAC’s agricultural production has increased due to

higher productivity. However, the region still needs to address a series of

outstanding issues, including a sustainable rise in agricultural productivity.

Nonetheless, over the past five years, agricultural

productivity in the region has been affected by a delay

in the implementation of technological advances and

investment on infrastructure, as well as by increased use

of inputs such as land and labor, among others.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION VARIATION: ANNUAL AVERAGE

GROWTH, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (TFP) AND

INPUTS (DURING THE 2006-2015 PERIOD, EXPRESSED AS

PERCENTAGES).

EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH IN LAC, TFP

AND INPUTS (% OF AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH PER PERIOD)

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION VARIATION: ANNUAL AVERAGE

GROWTH, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (TFP) AND INPUTS (DURING

THE 2006-2015 PERIOD, EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGES)

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 LAC Sub-Saharan Africa (except South Africa)

World Oceania North America Europe (except the former USSR) Agricultural production TFP Inputs

Asia (except Western Asia) 94 001 79 055 38 384 22 597 20 165 13 220 11 757 10 387 10 110 8912 7675 7178 6660 6003 5715 5491 5150 4760 4226 4179 3849 3047 2552 2434 2132 1995 1958 789 CAN USA SUR URY BHS BRA CHL CRI DOM GUY VCT ALC PRY COL MEX TTO LCA BLZ PAN ECU JAM GTM PER SLV HND NIC BOL HTI 2008 2017 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2010 2011-2015

Agricultural production TFP Inputs

LAC’S GOAL IS TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN A SUSTAINABLE

MANNER

By 2017, the average TFP in the agriculture sector per farmer in

LAC was USD 7178, higher than the world average of USD 3333,

but much lower than that of countries such as the United States

(USD 79 055) and Canada (USD 94 001), where workers have access

to more innovations and technologies that allow them to increase

their yield.

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SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET

WHAT IS GROWN IN LAC?

MAIN CROPS ACCORDING TO TOTAL HARVESTED AREA, 2015-2017 PERIOD

Soybean

Production (million tons): 177

Contribution to global production (%):

52.4

Top producing country in the world:

United States

Country in LAC with the highest contribution to global production:

Brazil (2)

Maize

Production (million tons): 168 Contribution to global production (%):

15.4

United States

Brazil (3)

Sugar cane

53.6

Brazil

Brazil (1)

Wheat

Production (million tons): 28 Participación en la producción mundial (%): 3.7

China

País de ALC con mayor participación en la producción mundial: Argentina (11)

Coffee

Production (million tons): 5 Contribution to global production (%): 55.4 Top producing country in the world:

Brazil

Brazil (1)

Beans

Production (million tons): 6 Contribution to global production (%): 19.9

India

Brazil (3)

Rice

3.6

China

Brazil (9)

Sorghum

18.1

United States

Mexico (3)

Sunflower

seed

Production (million tons): 4 Contribution to global production (%): 7.6 Top producing country in the world:

Ukraine

Argentina (3)

Yucca

Production (million tons): 30 Contribution to global production

(%): 10.3 Top producing country in the world:

Nigeria

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LAC IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S MAIN NET EXPORTING

REGIONS

THE GROWING ASIAN DEMAND FOR AGRIFOOD PRODUCTS

HAS BOOSTED SALES IN LAC

CONTRIBUTION OF LAC AGRIFOOD EXPORTS TO THE WORLD

TOTAL, % CORRESPONDING TO THE LAC SUB-REGION (2017)

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 2017

2008

Andean Caribbean Central North (Mexico) South

1.6

1.3

1.9

1.0

1.2

8.9

0.8 LAC EXPORTS PER SUB-REGION OF ORIGIN AND

DESTINATION REGION (IN BILLION USD, 2015-2017 PERIOD)

48.7USA and Canada 46.2Asia(except China) 36.6EuropeanUnion (28) 29.6 28.6LAC 26China 24.2 14.5

13.7Rest of_{the world}

2.7 Northern (Mexico) Andean Central Caribbean 128.8 South

USD 239 000 000 000

Agrifood products exported by LAC in 2017

8.2 %

Annual growth in agrifood exports in 2017

USD 91 000 000 000

Agrifood products imported by LAC in 2017

24.1 %

Contribution of agrifood exports to total goods exported by LAC in 2017

2.6

Balance of trade (dollars exported per every imported

dollar in 2017)

13.6 %

Contribution of LAC to global agrifood exports in 2017

LAC PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR AGRIFOOD

PRODUCTS

The region went from accounting for 12.6 % of world agrifood exports (2008) to 13.6% in 2017.

In 2017, net exports from the region climbed to USD 148 billion, equivalent to 2.6 exported US dollars for every imported dollar in the region in terms of agrifood products; it must be noted, however, that this is not homogeneously distributed:

are exported for every dollar imported in Argentina (agrifood balance

of trade).

USD 10.5

of LAC agrifood exports (2015-2017) were placed in the North American market (United States and Canada), the main destination for LAC exports.

24.3 %

of LAC agrifood exports were sold to LAC markets.

14.4 %

are exported for every dollar imported in Antigua

and Barbuda.

USD 0.03

of exports were sent to Asian markets (except China), while 13% went to China.

23.1 %

of LAC agrifood exports originate in the Southern Region. Over the 2015-2017 period, the region exported USD 128.8 billion worth of agrifood products, the main destination of which was Asia.

65 %

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SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET

WHAT ARE THE MAIN AGRIFOOD PRODUCTS EXPORTED

BY LAC?

(2015-2017)

Soybean (HS 120100)

Chicken Cuts and Edible Offal,

Frozen (HS 020714)

Soybean oilcakes (HS

230400)

Prawn and shrimp, including

in shell, frozen (HS 030613)

Coffee (HS 090111)

Bananas (HS 080300)

Maize

(HS 100590)

Soybean oil (HS 150710)

Sugar cane (HS 170111)

Frozen, bovine, boneless

meat (HS 020230)

Contribution to LAC agrifood exports: 10.8 %

Largest exporting country in the world: Brazil

LAC country with the highest contribution to world exports: Brazil (1)

Largest exporting country in the world: Argentina

LAC country with the highest contribution to world exports: Argentina (1)

Largest exporting country in the world: United States

Participación en las exportaciones agroalimentarias de ALC: 3.5 %

Largest exporting country in the world: Argentina

LAC country with the highest contribution to world exports: Argentina (1)

Largest exporting country in the world: Ecuador

LAC country with the highest contribution to world exports:

Ecuador (1)

Largest exporting country in the world: India

LAC country with the highest contribution to world exports: Ecuador (2)

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TOWARDS

SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURE

LAC is the region in the world with the highest potential to sustainably increase

agricultural production and produce nutritious foods, thanks to its biological

wealth, land and water availability and scientific and technological capacities. Still,

the region must overcome major challenges regarding the availability of natural

resources and their management.

BIODIVERSITY

Low ( <10 % ) Low-medium ( 10 - 20 % ) Medium-high ( 20 - 40 % ) High ( 40 - 80 % ) Extremely high ( >80 % )

The distribution of water resources is highly heterogeneous among the countries

and within them.

57 % of water resources in LAC are in the Southern Region, and 34 % in the Andean

Region.

WATER

LAC 35.14 %

Asia 27.83 % Europe 14.21 % USA and Canada 10.91 % Africa10.31 % Oceania 1.6 %

of global freshwater

reserves are in LAC.

35 %

Some LAC countries such as Chile and Mexico, which are world leaders in terms

of food production and export, display extremely high levels of water stress in

agriculture (WRI 2019). This problem also affects regions of high economic and social

value for the countries, such as the Central American dry corridor.

CHALLENGE: WATER MANAGEMENT IN LAC’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

According to the Convention on Biological Diversity

(CBD, 2014), agricultural drivers account for 70 % of the

projected biodiversity loss on Earth.

CHALLENGE: INCREASE AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTION IN LAC IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER

WATER STRESS IN THE

AGRICULTURE SECTOR PER

COUNTRY (PROJECTION FOR

2030)

of the planet’s biodiversity is in LAC

50 %

of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world

(Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru

and Venezuela) are located in LAC

6

centers of origin (Vavilov areas) are in LAC

4

Southern Mexican and Central American species

49

Brazilian-Paraguayan species

13

Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru especies species

45

of the world’s tropical forests are in LAC and 12 % of the planet’s mangroves are in the

Caribbean

50 %

of the 36 biodiversity hotspots are in LAC

8

Chilean

species

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SECTION I

LAC: A LEADING PLAYER IN GLOBAL AGRIFOOD MARKET

EMISSIONS

SOILS

of agriculture-related greenhouse gas production originates in the

Americas, only surpassed by Asia with 44 %. Africa emitted 15 %;

Europe, 12 %; and Oceania, 4 % (2001-2011 period).

25 %

of lands with potential to expand agricultural surfaces are in LAC

28 %

of the Earth’s forests are in LAC (2017)

23 %

million hectares are used for agriculture (2017)

709

In LAC,

of the LAC surface is utilized for agriculture (2017)

35 %

of the planet’s agricultural surface is in LAC (2017)

15 %

DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL USE IN LAC (IN MILLION HECTARES,

2017)

Other land uses

373

Forest

931

Plowable land

151

Grasslands and pasturelands

536

Agriculture

709

Permanent crops

22

million hectares of soil in LAC are

degraded

300

of soils in the Caribbean, and

48 %

of soils in Mesoamerica show high or very high levels of

degradation.

50 %

CHALLENGE: SOIL DEGRADATION IN LAC

Degraded areas are a significant source of greenhouse gas

emissions in the region (Vergara et al. 2018) and are less resilient in

the face of extreme events

of the 10 countries most affected by extreme events over the past twenty years are in the LAC region (Puerto Rico, Honduras, Haiti, Nicaragua and Dominica) according to the Global Climate Risk Index (Eckstein, et al. 2018)

5 LAC must shift towards agricultural practices that are more aligned

with sustainable management of natural resources

LAC countries have committed to restoring more than 50 million hectares of degraded lands by means of the 20x20 initiative (Vergara et al. 2018)

17 SOIL DEGRADATION (%, 1990)

34.2 34.2 23.1 24.6 4.5 8.5 29.1 26.3 13.5 7 29.8 _26.9 30.8 32.8 15.6 3.2 17.9 17 17.5 4.4

Caribbean Mesoamerica South America LAC

Stable Low Medium High Very high Source: UNEP 2016. 82.6 21.2 44.4 18.5 54.6 40. 3 6.9 33.9 34.8 54.3

AGRICULTURAL

SURFACE AREA

(% OF TOTAL

SURFACE AREA,

2017)

Agricultural surface area (% of the Earth’s total surface area)

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SECTION 2

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ANDEAN

Region

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 AVOCADO PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

2017, thousands of

Production

(2015-tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017

1 Mexico 1854 33.1 2 Dominican _Republic 588 10.5 3 Peru 430 7.7 4 Indonesia 350 6.2 5 Colombia 306 5.5 6 Brazil 197 3.5 7 Kenya 169 3.0

8 United States of _America 155 2.8

9 Chile 141 2.5

10 Venezuela 131 2.3

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

43

11.6

11.2 _10.4

8

5.4

4.8

Dominican

Republic Peru Venezuela Mexico Colombia Bolivia Ecuador

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

Production Area Yield

-10 - 5 0 5 10 15 20

Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela

900

Thousands of tonnes of avocados produced in the region, 2015-2017

94

Thousands of hectares harvested, 2015-2017

9.6

Tonnes per hectare, 2015-2017

16%

Andean Region’s share of world production, 2015-2017

8.4 %

Average annual growth of production in the region, 2008-2017 COL 306.2 PER 429.8 VEN 130.9 BOL 12.3 ECU 20.5 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 12.3 429.8

DISTRIBUTION OF AVOCADO PRODUCTION IN THE REGION (PERIOD 2015-2017,

THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

(21)

ANDEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

European Union (28)

68.1

USA & Canada

24.6

LAC

3.9

Asia (except China)

1.9

China

1.3

Rest of World

0.2 25.7 %

Average annual growth of avocado exports in Andean Region, 2015-2017

10.2 %

Andean Region’s share of global avocado exports, 2015-2017

USD 461 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s avocado exports, 2015-2017

USD 238 000

Value of Andean Region’s avocado imports, 2015-2017

2163

Trade balance (dollars exported

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017) N LD 1 7 6 G B R 5 3 E S P 7 9 CH L 1 2 USA 1 1 1

AVOCADO EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(22)

ANDEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

38.2

35.2

30.7 _29.1

27.3

14.8

14.5

Ecuador India Peru Colombia China Bolivia Venezuela

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 BANANA PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

Production (2015-

2017, millions of

tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 India 30 26.0 2 China 11 9.8 3 Indonesia 8 6.9 4 Brazil 7 5.9 5 Ecuador 7 5.9 6 Philippines 6 5.2 7 Angola 4 3.4 8 Guatemala 4 3.4 9 Colombia 4 3.3 10 United Rep. of _Tanzania 4 3.1

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND AND

YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

- 5 0 5 10 15 20

VEN 0.5 ECU 6.7 BOL 0.3 PER 0.2 COL 3.7 Tonnes (millions, 2015-2017) 0.2 6.7

DISTRIBUTION OF BANANA PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

11.4

Millions of tonnes of bananas produced in the region, 2015-2017

363

31.4 10 %

1.7 %

Average annual growth of production in the region, 2008-2017

BANANAS

(23)

ANDEAN

Region

2.9 %

Average annual growth of banana exports in Andean Region, 2015-2017

36.5 %

Andean Region’s share of global banana exports, 2015-2017

USD 3 936 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s banana exports, 2015-2017

USD 4 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s banana imports, 2015-2017

1343

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017)

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

42.6

26.4

USA & Canada

18

LAC

6

Rest of World

4.5

China

2.4

ITA 3 0 2 B E L 3 6 6 DEU392 USA 7 0 8 RU S 5 8 7

BANANA EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(24)

ANDEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4 _0.4

0.4

Peru Bolivia Ghana Côte d'Ivoire Ecuador Colombia Venezuela

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 COCOA BEAN PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

2017, thousands of

Production

(2015-tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 Côte d'Ivoire 1821 37.3 2 Ghana 867 17.8 3 Indonesia 637 13.0 4 Nigeria 309 6.3 5 Cameroon 286 5.9 6 Brazil 243 5.0 7 Ecuador 188 3.8 8 Peru 107 2.2 9 Dominican _Republic 81 1.7 10 Colombia 56 1.1

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

-10 - 5 0 5 10 15

ECU 187.9 PER 107.4 COL 56.1 VEN 23.6 BOL 5 .9 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 5.9 187.9

DISTRIBUTION OF COCOA BEAN PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

381

Thousands of tonnes of cocoa beans produced in the region, 2015-2017

799

0.5 7.8 %

7.6 %

COCOA BEANS

(25)

ANDEAN

Region

-6.6 %

Average annual growth of cocoa bean exports in Andean Region, 2015-2017

9.1 %

Andean Region’s share of global cocoa bean exports, 2015-2017

USD 884 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s cocoa bean exports, 2015-2017

USD 12 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s cocoa bean imports, 2015-2017

238 DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

39.9

USA & Canada

26.5

22.5

LAC

8.7

China

1.7

Rest of World

0.7

NLD 162 MYS 83 IDN 51 BEL 65 USA 199

COCOA BEAN EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(26)

ANDEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

2.5

1.4

1 _0.9

0.7

0.3

0.2

Viet Nam Brazil Colombia Bolivia Peru Venezuela Ecuador

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 COFFEE PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

Production (2015-

2017, millions of

tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 Brazil 2.8 30.5 2 Viet Nam 1.5 16.3 3 Colombia 0.8 8.8 4 Indonesia 0.6 7.1 5 Ethiopia 0.5 5.1 6 Honduras 0.4 4.3 7 India 0.3 3.6 8 Peru 0.3 3.2 9 Guatemala 0.2 2.6 10 Uganda 0.2 2.3

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND AND

YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

-16 -14 -12 -10 - 8 - 6 - 4 - 2 0 2 4

COFFEE

COL 800.1 PER 292.1 BOL 21.2 VEN 46.5 ECU 5.6 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 5.6 800.1

DISTRIBUTION OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

1.2

Millions of tonnes of coffee produced in the region, 2015-2017

1.4

Millions of hectares harvested, 2015-2017

0.8 12.8 %

0.7 %

(27)

ANDEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

USA & Canada

45.8

34.8

14.2

Rest of World

2.9

LAC

2

China

0.2

JPN 265 BEL 239 USA 1280 DEU 383 CAN 215

COFFEE EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017) 0 1280

1 %

Average annual growth of coffee exports in Andean Region, 2015-2017

10.5 %

Andean Region’s share of global coffee exports, 2015-2017

USD 3 264 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s coffee exports, 2015-2017

USD 74 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s coffee imports, 2015-2017

61

(28)

ANDEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

22.9

16.7 _16.3

11.9

11.6

6.9

6.6

Peru China Venezuela Colombia Italy Bolivia Ecuador

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 GRAPE PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

2017, thousands of

Production

(2015-tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 China 13 040 17.3 2 Italia 7762 10.3 3 United States of America 6956 9.3 4 France 6140 8.2 5 Spain 5712 7.6 6 Turkey 3950 5.3 7 India 2705 3.6 8 Chile 2300 3.1 9 Iran 2131 2.8 10 Argentina 2046 2.7

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND AND

YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

- 6 - 4 - 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

PER 644.3 BOL 21.4 COL 28.3 VEN 19.1 ECU 0.5 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 0.5 644.3

DISTRIBUTION OF GRAPE PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

0.7

Millions of tonnes of grapes produced in the region, 2015-2017

35

20.5 0.9 %

8.7 %

GRAPES

(29)

ANDEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

USA & Canada

40.3

23.2

19.7

China

8.5

LAC

7.9

Rest of World

0.5 -2.8 %

Average annual growth

of grape exports in Andean Region, 2015-2017

8.5 %

Andean Region’s share of global grape exports, 2015-2017

USD 673 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s grape exports, 2015-2017

USD 48 000 000

Value of Andean Region’s grape imports, 2015-2017

15

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017) N LD 7 8 H KG 6 8 G B R 3 9 USA 2 4 9 CHN 5 7

GRAPE EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(30)

CARIBBEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

43 12.3 11.6 10.4

6.5

6 _{5.9 5.8 5.2 4.7}

2.7 2.6

Dominican

Republic Bahamas Peru Mexico SaintLucia Jamaica Haiti Grenada Trinidadand TobagoBarbados Guyana Dominica

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 AVOCADO PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

2017, thousands of

Production

(2015-tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 Mexico 1854 33.1 2 Dominican _Republic 588 10.5 3 Peru 430 7.7 4 Indonesia 350 6.2 5 Colombia 306 5.5 6 Brazil 197 3.5 7 Kenia 169 3.0

8 United States of _America 155 2.8

9 Chile 141 2.5

10 Venezuela 131 2.3

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

-15 -10 - 5 0 5 10 15

Barbados Dominica Grenada Guyana Haiti Jamaica Dominican

Republic SaintLucia and TobagoTrinidad

JAM 2.5 HTI 96.4 DOM 588.5 BHS 1.4 DMA 0.4 GRD 1.6 GUY 0.5 BRB 0.7 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 0.2 588.5

DISTRIBUTION OF AVOCADO PRODUCTION IN THE REGION (PERIOD

2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

693

Thousands of tonnes of avocados produced in the region, 2015-2017

31

22 12.3 %

Caribbean Region’s share of world production, 2015-2017

12 %

AVOCADOS

(31)

CARIBBEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

USA & Canada

65.6

26.9

LAC

5.6

Rest of World

1.7

(except China)

_0.2

Asia

41.7 %

Average annual growth of avocado exports in Caribbean Region, 2015-2017

0.7 %

Caribbean Region’s share of global avocado exports, 2015-2017

USD 34 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s avocado exports, 2015-2017

USD 2 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s avocado imports, 2015-2017

17

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017) T T O 1 NLD 4 G B R 2 USA 2 1 F R A 2

AVOCADO EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(32)

CARIBBEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

6.9

4.5

3.7 _3.6

_3.4

3.3

2.5

0.8

China Suriname India Guyana Dominican

Republic Jamaica Haiti and TobagoTrinidad

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 RICE PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

Production (2015-

2017, millions of

tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 China 214 28.2 2 India 163 21.5 3 Indonesia 79 10.4 4 Bangladesh 50 6.7 5 Vietnam 44 5.8 6 Thailand 29 3.9 7 Myanmar 26 3.4 8 Filipinas 18 2.4 9 Brazil 12 1.6 10 Pakistan 11 1.4

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

- 40 - 35 - 30 - 25 - 20 - 15 - 10 - 5 0 5 10

Guyana Haiti Jamaica Dominican

Republic Suriname and TobagoTrinidad

TTO 2 HTI 1 56.2 DO M 560.3 GUY 617.4 SUR 273.6 JAM 0 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 0 617.4

DISTRIBUTION OF RICE PRODUCTION IN THE REGION (PERIOD

2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

1.6

Millions of tonnes of rice produced in the region, 2015-2017

463

3.5 0.2 %

0.6 %

RICE

(33)

CARIBBEAN

Region

-3.3 %

Average annual growth of rice exports in Caribbean Region, 2015-2017

0.9 %

Caribbean Region’s share of global rice exports, 2015-2017

USD 213 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s rice exports, 2015-2017

USD 326 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s rice imports, 2015-2017

0.7 DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

LAC

65.7

30.8

Rest of World

1.8

USA & Canada

1.6

(except China)Asia

₀

V E N 2 6 P A N 2 2 IT A 1 8 E S P 1 8 J A M 2 8

RICE EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(34)

CARIBBEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

74.6 70.5

62.6 56.8 53.5

44.8 43.9 41.7 40

24.9 24.5

19.9

Brazil India Haiti

Jamaica Guyana Grenad a Barbad os Dominic an Republ ic Surina me Baham as Vincen t and the Gre nadine s Dominic a

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 SUGARCANE-PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

Production (2015-

2017, millions of

tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 Brazil 759 40.9 2 India 339 18.2 3 China 105 5.7 4 Thailand 96 5.2 5 Pakistan 68 3.7 6 Mexico 56 3.0 7 Colombia 35 1.9 8 Australia 34 1.9 9 Guatemala 34 1.8 10 United States of _America 30 1.6

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

-12 -10 - 8 - 6 - 4 - 2 0 2 4 Suriname Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Dominican Republic Jamaica Haiti Guyana Grenada Dominica Barbados Bahamas

10.1

Millions of tonnes of sugarcane produced in the region, 2015-2017

210

47.9 0.5 %

-0.6 %

Average annual growth of production in the region, 2008-2017 JAM 1.3 _HTI 1.5 DOM 4.7 BHS 0.1 DMA 0 GRD 0 GUY 2.3 BRB 0.1 SUR 0.1 Tonnes (millions, 2015-2017) 0 4.7

DISTRIBUTION OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

(35)

CARIBBEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

USA & Canada

50.8

37.8

LAC

10.2

Rest of World

1.1 ₀

7.4 %

Average annual growth of cane sugar exports in Caribbean

Region, 2015-2017

0.8 %

Caribbean Region’s share of global cane

sugar exports, 2015-2017

USD 220 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s cane sugar exports, 2015-2017

USD 243 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s cane sugar imports, 2015-2017

0.9

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017) TTO 8 S UR 4 G B R 8 3 USA 1 1 2

CANE SUGAR EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

(36)

CARIBBEAN

Region

BANANAS

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

Dominic an Republ ic India Surina me _China Guyan a Baham as Saint L ucia Saint V incent and the Gr enadin es Antigu a and Barbud a Dominic a

Jamaica_Barbados Hai ti Grenad a Trinida d and Tobago

42.6

35.2

32.2

27.3

23.7

14.9 10.1 9.9 8.5 7.7 7.6

5.6 4.9 3.4 2.5

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 BANANA PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

Production (2015-

2017, millions of

tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 India 30 26.0 2 China 11 9.8 3 Indonesia 8 6.9 4 Brazil 7 5.9 5 Ecuador 7 5.9 6 Filipinas 6 5.2 7 Angola 4 3.4 8 Guatemala 4 3.4 9 Colombia 4 3.3 10 United Rep. of _Tanzania 4 3.1

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

- 25 - 20 - 15 - 10 - 5 0 5 10 15 20 Trinidad and Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Lucia Suriname Dominican Republic Jamaica Haiti Guyana Grenada Dominica Barbados Bahamas Antigua and Barbuda

1.6

Millions of tonnes of bananas produced in the region, 2015-2017

104

15.8 1.4 %

5.1 %

Average annual growth of production in the region, 2008-2017 HTI 266.0 1138.5D OM DMA 25.5 BHS 11.6 GUY 14.9 J AM 59.4 SUR 62.5 VCT 58.3BRB1 ATG 0.3 TTO 3.3 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 0.3 1138.5

DISTRIBUTION OF BANANA PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

(37)

CARIBBEAN

Region

SWE 34 GBR 106 DEU 13 BEL 22

BANANA EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)

0 106

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

89.9

LAC

4.7

Rest of World

3.9

USA & Canada

1.5 ₀

-3.8 %

Average annual growth of banana exports in Caribbean Region, 2015-2017

2.2 %

Caribbean Region’s share of global banana exports, 2015-2017

USD 238 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s banana exports, 2015-2017

USD 13 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s banana imports, 2015-2017

19

(38)

CARIBBEAN

Region

YIELD (TONNES PER HECTARE, 2015-2017)

Saint L ucia Grenad a Dominic an Rep ublic _Ghana Saint V incent and the Gr enadin es Jamaica Côte d

'Ivoire Haití _Guyana

Dominic a

Trinida d and

Tobago _Suriname

1.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

_0.4

0.3 0.3

0.1 0.1

₀

THE WORLD’S TOP 10 COCOA BEAN PRODUCING COUNTRIES

(2015-2017)

Rank

Country

2017, thousands of

Production

(2015-tonnes per year)

Share of global

production (2015-2017)

1 Côte d'Ivoire 1821 37.3 2 Ghana 867 17.8 3 Indonesia 637 13.0 4 Nigeria 309 6.3 5 Cameroon 286 5.9 6 Brazil 243 5.0 7 Ecuador 188 3.8 8 Peru 107 2.2 9 Dominican _Republic 81 1.7 10 Colombia 56 1.1

VARIATION IN PRODUCTION DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF NEW LAND

AND YIELD (PERCENTAGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL VARIATION, 2008-2017)

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Trinidad and Tobago Suriname Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Dominican Republic Jamaica Haiti Guyana Grenada Dominica DOM 81.1 DMA 0.3 HTI 14.3 GRD 0.7 JAM 0.6 GUY 0.4 _SUR 0 TTO 0.3 LCA 0 Tonnes (thousands, 2015-2017) 0 81.1

DISTRIBUTION OF COCOA BEAN PRODUCTION IN THE REGION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, THOUSANDS OF TONNES PER YEAR)

98

Thousands of tonnes of cocoa beans produced in the region, 2015-2017

192

0.5 2 %

6.3 %

COCOA BEANS

(39)

CARIBBEAN

Region

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPORTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION

(PERIOD 2015-2017, EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES)

55.1

USA & Canada

29.5

8.2

LAC

4.9

Rest of World

2.4 -17.3 %

Average annual growth of cocoa bean exports in

Caribbean Region, 2015-2017

2.2 %

Caribbean Region’s share of global cocoa bean exports, 2015-2017

USD 218 000 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s cocoa bean exports, 2015-2017

USD 131 000

Value of Caribbean Region’s cocoa bean imports, 2015-2017

2435

for every dollar imported, 2015-2017) NLD 5 4 M E X 1 1 B E L 2 8 USA 5 8 E S P 1 3

COCOA BEAN EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION (PERIOD 2015-2017, MILLIONS OF USD)

Millions of USD (2015-2017)