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(1)

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(2)

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(3)

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(4)

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(5)

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(6)

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*(5

(7)

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(8)

B AEH@?GB?P?E?C

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E gZpbhgZevguo khljm^gbdh\ ]jZ`^Zgkdhc beb \h_gghc ihebpbb

(9)

(10)

QZklvi_j\Zy F?LH>HEH=BY

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: Ijh\_^_gb_ aZgylbc dhee_]Zfb ih jZ[hl_

>ey hl[hjZ \_^msbo aZgylbc MijZ\e_gb_ <_joh\gh]h dhfbkkZjZ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ j_dhf_g^m_l ihevah\Zlvky kibkdhf ki_pbZebklh\ dhlhju_ bf_xl hiul ijZdlbq_kdhc jZ[hlu D \_^_gbx aZgylbc emqr_ ijb\e_dZlv g_ h^gbo lhevdh e_dlhjh\ b ki_pbZebklh\ \ h[eZklb l_hjbb hl^Z\Zy ij_^ihql_gb_ ki_pbZebklZfijZdlbdZf \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c h[eZklb Ih hiulmMijZ\e_gby ih^oh^ ijb dhlhjhf k khljm^gbdZfb ihebpbb ijhoh^ysbfb ih^]hlh\dm aZgylby ijh\h^yl dhee_]b lZd`_ y\eyxsb_ky khljm^gbdZfb ihebpbb fh`_l ijbg_klb ]hjZa^h [yevrmx ijZdlbq_kdmx ihevam q_f h[mq_gb_ ih fh^_eb ij_ih^Z\Zl_evh[mqZ_fuc LZdhc ih^oh^ iha\hey_l ij_ih^Z\Zl_ex ]h\hjblv gZ h^ghf ijhn_kkbhgZevghf yaud_ k khljm^gbdZfb ijZ\hhojZgbl_evguo hj]Zgh\ <f_kl_ k l_f khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb ki_pbZebklh\ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ g_ lZd fgh]h Ihwlhfmhi_jZlb\guo jZ[hlgbdh\ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c ^he`gu khijh\h`^Zlv b gZijZ\eylv wdki_jlu ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ h[_ki_qb\Zxsb_ ihegh_ b ihke_^h\Zl_evgh_ hljZ`_gb_ \ mq_[ghc ijh]jZff_ dmjkh\ kmlb f_`^mgZjh^guo ghjf LZdb_ wdki_jlu fh]ml ijb\e_dZlvky ba khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc lZdbo dZd MijZ\e_gb_ <_joh\gh]h dhfbkkZjZ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ beb g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo ijZ\haZsblguo hj]ZgbaZpbc

% H[mq_gb_ h[mqZxsbo

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\dexqZxl gZijbf_j aZ^Zgby b fZl_jbZeu p_evx dhlhjuo y\ey_lky jZa\blb_ mkemrZl_e_c gZ\udh\

h[mqZxsbo Hj]ZgbaZlhjZf dmjkh\ ke_^m_l bkihevah\Zlv lZdhc f_lh^ h[mq_gby h[mqZxsbo ^ey

^hklb`_gby fZdkbfZevgh]h wnn_dlZ dmjkh\

K Bgl_jZdlb\gu_ f_lh^bdb

Dmjku jZajZ[hlZggu_ MijZ\e_gb_f b hibku\Z_fu_ \ gZklhysbo fZl_jbZeZo \dexqZxl jZa^_e \ dhlhjhf ij_^eZ]Zxlky jZaebqgu_ wnn_dlb\gu_ f_lh^bdb h[mq_gby \ajhkeuo kemrZl_e_c

< qZklghklb ij_^eZ]Z_lky ijbf_gylv l\hjq_kdb_ bgl_jZdlb\gu_ f_lh^bdb h[mq_gby dhlhju_ \ gZb[hevr_c kl_i_gb iha\heyxl aZbgl_j_kh\Zlv kemrZl_e_c b \h\e_qv bo \ mq_[guc ijhp_kk MijZ\e_gb_ \u^_ebeh ke_^mxsb_ f_lh^bdb dZd gZb[he__ ih^oh^ysb_ b wnn_dlb\gu_ \ ijhp_kk_

h[mq_gby \ajhkeuo kemrZl_e_c ih \hijhkZf ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ jZ[hqb_ ]jmiiu e_dpbbk_fbgZju ZgZeba dhgdj_lguo kemqZ_\ ]jmiih\u_ h[km`^_gby ^bkdmkkbb aZ djm]euf klhehf fha]h\hc rlmjf fh^_ebjh\Zgb_ b jhe_\u_ b]ju ih_a^db gZ f_klZ ijZdlbq_kdb_ aZgylby \dexqZy jZajZ[hldm mq_[guo ijh]jZff ^ey dmjkh\ bgkljmdpbc dh^_dkh\ ih\_^_gby khh[s_gbc b l^ b ijbf_g_gb_ gZ]ey^guo ihkh[bc J_dhf_g^Zpbb \ hlghr_gbb bkihevah\Zgby lZdbo f_lh^bd baeh`_gu gb`_

(11)

' Mq_l ki_pbnbdb Zm^blhjbb

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? IjZdlbq_kdbc ih^oh^

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bkiulZgguo f_lh^Zo \uiheg_gby ijhn_kkbhgZevguo h[yaZgghkl_c p_e_\hc Zm^blhjbb \aylmx ba j_dhf_g^Zpbc ki_pbZebklh\ b ebl_jZlmju ih bf_xs_cky gZbemqr_c ijZdlbd_ \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ijhn_kkbb >Ijbf_qZgb_ Ohly h^gbf ba dexq_\uo dhfihg_glh\ dmjkh\ hkgh\Zgguo gZ wlhf ih^oh^_ y\eyxlky ijZdlbq_kdb_ j_dhf_g^Zpbb \ jZfdZo dmjkh\ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ g_\hafh`gh ih^jh[gh jZah[jZlv \hijhku hlghkysb_ky d ijhn_kkbb h[mqZ_fuo Kdhj__ ke_^m_l ki_pbZevgh h[jZsZlv \gbfZgb_ gZ gZebqb_ lZdbo f_lh^h\ b hgb ^he`gu klZlv ij_^f_lhf ^Zevg_cr_c ih^]hlh\db gZ [Za_ hagZdhfe_gby k ijZ\Zfb q_eh\_dZ@

) <k_klhjhgg__ baeh`_gb_ ijZ\h\uo ghjf

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mq_[gu_ ihkh[by i_j_\h^ylky gZ jh^ghc yaud kemrZl_e_c dmjkh\ b jZkijhkljZgyxlky kj_^b gbo <

dZ`^hf kemqZ_ aZ kh^_j`Zgb_f ijh]jZffu dmjkh\ b k_fbgZjh\ ke_^yl h^bg beb g_kdhevdh ki_pbZebklh\ ih \hijhkZf ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ dhlhju_ ih f_j_ g_h[oh^bfhklb \ghkyl ^hiheg_gby \ ij_^eh`_ggu_ ^ey dmjkh\ fZl_jbZeu

* JZa\blb_ kZfhZgZebaZ

JZajZ[hlZggu_ MijZ\e_gb_f dmjku g_ lhevdh ij_ke_^mxl p_ev bgnhjfbjh\Zgby h kms_kl\mxsbo ghjfZo b jZa\blby ijZdlbq_kdbo gZ\udh\ gh b \dexqZxl mijZ`g_gby ijba\Zggu_

gZmqblv kemrZl_e_c jZkihagZ\Zlv m k_[y ihl_gpbZevgmx kdehgghklv d gZjmr_gbx ghjf imklv ^Z`_

b g_ij_^gZf_j_gghfm GZijbf_j h]jhfgmx ihfhsv \ k\yab k wlbf fh]ml hdZaZlv ohjhrh ijh^mfZggu_ mijZ`g_gby \ lhf qbke_ jhe_\u_ b]ju k ihfhsvx dhlhjuo mqZsb_ky kfh]ml

(12)

hij_^_eblv gZebqb_ ]_g^_jguo beb jZkh\uo ij_^jZkkm^dh\ \ k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo \a]ey^Zo beb ih\_^_gbb :gZeh]bqguf h[jZahf hkh[Zy \Z`ghklv l_o beb bguo dhgdj_lguo ghjf gZijbf_j \ hlghr_gbb `_gsbg ^Ze_dh g_ \k_]^Z hq_\b^gZ KemrZl_eb ^he`gu ihgylv qlh gZijbf_j kh^_j`Zsbcky \ jZaebqguo f_`^mgZjh^guo ^h]h\hjZo l_jfbg mgb`Zxs__ ^hklhbgkl\h h[jZs_gb_

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G =b[dhklv \ ihkljh_gbb b ijh\_^_gbb mq_[gh]h ijhp_kkZ

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dmjku ^he`gu [ulv Z^Zilbjh\Zgu d dhgdj_lguf dmevlmjguf h[jZah\Zl_evguf j_]bhgZevguf b ijZdlbq_kdbf ihlj_[ghklyf b j_Zebyf jZaebqguo ihl_gpbZevguo Zm^blhjbc \ jZfdZo p_e_\hc ]jmiiu Khhl\_lkl\_ggh bgkljmdlhju g_ ^he`gu aZqblu\Zlv fZl_jbZeu i_j_^ h[mqZ_fuf Bf ke_^m_l k mq_lhf Zm^blhjbb hlh[jZlv fZl_jbZe b ih^]hlh\blv k\hb dhgki_dlu b fZl_jbZeu ^ey ijh\_^_gby aZgylbc hkgh\u\Zykv dZd gZ ihkh[bb lZd b gZ `b\hc ^_ckl\bl_evghklb Ih wlhc ijbqbg_ mq_[gu_ fZl_jbZeu [ueb jZajZ[hlZgu \ \b^_ bg^b\b^mZevguo fh^me_c iha\heyxsbo

^_eZlv khhl\_lkl\mxsbc hl[hj b \ghkblv g_h[oh^bfu_ baf_g_gby k mq_lhf dhgdj_lguo ihlj_[ghkl_c b p_e_c

, Mihj gZ dhfi_l_glghklv

JZajZ[hlZggu_ MijZ\e_gb_f mq_[gu_ dmjku gZijZ\e_gu gZ ih\ur_gb_ mjh\gy dhfi_l_glghklb kemrZl_e_c \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo h[eZklyo Mq_[gu_ dmjku \ hlebqb_ hl e_dpbc b k_fbgZjh\

ihkljh_gu \hdjm] p_e_c h[mq_gby b \k_ kemrZl_eb gZ ijhly`_gbb \k_]h mq_[gh]h dmjkZ ^he`gu ihdZau\Zlv k\hx dhfi_l_glghklv \uihegyy ki_pbZevgu_ mijZ`g_gby Z ih hdhgqZgbb ijh]jZffu dmjkh\ ijhclb l_klbjh\Zgb_ \ nhjf_ ibkvf_ggh]h wdaZf_gZ

- Kihkh[u hp_gdb ihemq_gguo agZgbc

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. Jhev kZfhm\Z`_gby

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gZ mijhs_gguo rZ[ehgZo jZ\gh dZd b ih^oh^ mqbl_ev mq_gbdb beb \h_gguc gZqZevgbd ih^qbg_ggu_ <f_klh wlh]h bgkljmdlhjZf ke_^m_l klj_fblvky kha^Zlv h[klZgh\dm \hagbdZxsmx \ oh^_ h[s_gby dhee_] dhlhjZy kihkh[kl\m_l h[f_gm gZ\udZfb b hiulhf h[_ki_qb\Z_l ijbagZgb_

ijhn_kkbhgZevguo agZgbc kemrZl_e_c b ihhsjy_l bo ijhn_kkbhgZevgmx ]hj^hklv BgkljmdlhjZf ke_^m_l ^_eZlv mihj gZ lh qlh agZgb_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc h^bg ba dexq_\uo we_f_glh\

ijhn_kkbhgZebafZ \ jZfdZo kh\j_f_gghc ijZ\hhojZgbl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb b qlh kZfb kemrZl_eb y\eyxsb_ky ijhn_kkbhgZevgufb khljm^gbdZfb ihebpbb bf_xl \hafh`ghklv fgh]h_ ba\e_qv ^ey k_[y ba mq_[guo dmjkh\ b \h fgh]hf kihkh[kl\h\Zlv bo ijh\_^_gbx

(13)

P_ebh[mq_gby

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ihemqblv bgnhjfZpbx b m]em[blv k\hb agZgby h lhf dZdb_ kms_kl\mxl ijZ\Z q_eh\_dZ b ]mfZgblZjgu_ ghjfu b qlh hgb hagZqZxl

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^Zgguc ijhp_kk \hafh`gh ihlj_[m_lky ijh^he`Zlv gZijbf_j k ihfhsvx ijh]jZff l_ogbq_kdhc ihfhsb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc beb ^\mklhjhggbo ijh]jZff l_ogbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z

gZmqblvky kZfhZgZebam l_ baf_gblv g_]Zlb\gh_ beb aZdj_iblv ihablb\gh_

hlghr_gb_ d q_fmeb[h b l_f kZfuf baf_gblv k\hb ih\_^_gq_kdb_ fh^_eb k l_f qlh[u kemrZl_eb ijbagZeb beb ih^l\_j^beb ^ey k_[y g_h[oh^bfhklv aZsblu b ihhsj_gby ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ b

^hdZaZeb wlh ijb \uiheg_gbb bfb k\hbo ijhn_kkbhgZevguo h[yaZgghkl_c < ^Zgghf kemqZ_ j_qv b^_l h p_gghklyo khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb Wlh lh`_ ^ebl_evguc ijhp_kk dhlhjuc ke_^m_l ih^dj_ieylv ^hihegbl_evghc l_ogbq_kdhc ih^]hlh\dhc

LZdbf h[jZahf p_evx wnn_dlb\gh]h h[mq_gby y\ey_lky kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_

agZgbc

mf_gbc b gZ\udh\

hlghr_gby BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

^ey kh^_ckl\by \ujZ[hld_ gZ^e_`Zs_]h ih\_^_gby

:^ZilZpbydmjkh\

Ijb khklZ\e_gbb mq_[guo ijh]jZff g_h[oh^bfh mqblu\Zlv ijbgpbiu mq_lZ ki_pbnbdb Zm^blhjbb b ijbf_gbfhklb mq_[gh]h fZl_jbZeZ \ k\yab k q_f khklZ\bl_eb ^he`gu jmdh\h^kl\h\Zlvky jy^hf hkgh\guo ijZ\be

Ih f_j_ \hafh`ghklb ke_^m_l jZajZ[Zlu\Zlv hl^_evgu_ mq_[gu_ ijh]jZffu ^ey jZaguo dZl_]hjbc ki_pbZebklh\ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl bo jZg]Z h[jZah\Zgby b \uihegy_fuo bfb nmgdpbc Wlh iha\hey_l khkj_^hlhqblv h[mq_gb_ gZ

N kljZl_]bq_kdbo b ^bj_dlb\guo Zki_dlZo ^ey khljm^gbdh\ klZjr_]h gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z

N i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo Zki_dlZo ^ey ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c b bgkljmdlhjh\ ihebpbb

(14)

N hi_jZlb\guo Zki_dlZo ^ey khljm^gbdh\ ihebpbb g_ hlghkysboky d \ur_mihfygmluf dZl_]hjbyf

N Zki_dlZo bf_xsbo hkh[h_ agZq_gb_ ^ey khljm^gbdh\ \uihegyxsbo dhgdj_lgu_

nmgdpbb gZijbf_j jZ[hlZxsbo k g_kh\_jr_gghe_lgbfb \ ih]jZgbqghc hojZg_ beb \ ]jZ`^Zgkdhc ihebpbb KB<IHE gZ^abjZl_e_c b l^

N [Zah\hc ih^]hlh\d_ ih kZfuf hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbf ghjfZf ijh\h^bfhc \ k`Zlhc nhjf_ b ij_^gZagZq_gghc ^ey khljm^gbdh\ feZ^r_]h khklZ\Z

Bkihevam_fu_ f_lh^u h[mq_gby b ih^]hlh\db ^he`gu hljZ`Zlv \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb ijZdlbq_kdmx b ijZ]fZlbq_kdmx gZijZ\e_gghklv jZ[hlu ihebp_ckdbo Wlh hagZqZ_l

N kha^Zgb_ \hafh`ghklb ^ey i_j_ghkZ b^_c b ihgylbc \ ijZdlbq_kdmx iehkdhklv

N ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ kemrZl_eyf \hafh`ghklb kdhgp_gljbjh\Zlvky gZ j_Zevguo ijh[e_fZo

\klj_qZxsboky \ bo ijhn_kkbhgZevghc ^_yl_evghklb Z lZd`_

N \hafh`ghklv ^ey kemrZl_e_c ihemqblv \ ijhp_kk_ h[mq_gby hl\_lu gZ \hijhku bf_xsb_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh_ hlghr_gb_ d bo ^_yl_evghklb

F_lh^h[mq_gbyij_^iheZ]ZxsbcZdlb\gh_mqZklb_kemrZl_e_c

>ey ^hklb`_gby fZdkbfZevgh]h j_amevlZlZ ijb ijbf_g_gbb hibkZgghc \ur_ f_lh^bdb h[mq_gby ij_^iheZ]Zxs_c Zdlb\gh_ mqZklb_ kemrZl_e_c ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv jy^ hkgh\guo ijbgpbih\

GZihfgbf we_f_glh\ hij_^_eyxsbo ih^oh^ MijZ\e_gby d h[mq_gbx b ih^jh[gh baeh`_gguo \ur_

D ij_^klZ\e_gb_ mq_[gh]h fZl_jbZeZ dhee_]Zfb ih jZ[hl_

E h[mq_gb_ h[mqZxsbo

F bgl_jZdlb\gu_ f_lh^bdb h[mq_gby G mq_l ki_pbnbdb Zm^blhjbb

H ijZdlbq_kdbc ih^oh^

I \k_klhjhgg__ hk\_s_gb_ ijZ\h\uo ghjf J jZa\blb_ kZfhZgZebaZ

K ]b[dhklv \ ihkljh_gbb b ijh\_^_gbb mq_[gh]h ijhp_kkZ L mihj gZ dhfi_l_glghklv

M bkihevah\Zgb_ kihkh[h\ hp_gdb ihemq_gguo agZgbc N jhev kZfhm\Z`_gby

>ey bkihevah\Zgby wlhc f_lh^bdb lj_[m_lky ih^oh^ hkgh\gu_ q_jlu dhlhjh]h bgl_jZdlb\ghklv ]b[dhklv ZdlmZevghklv b jZaghh[jZab_ hibkZgu gb`_

Bgl_jZdlb\ghklv DZd hlf_qZehkv \ jZa^_e_ dZkZxs_fky ih^oh^Z d ijh\h^bfhc ih^]hlh\d_ ^ZggZy ijh]jZffZ ij_^iheZ]Z_l bkihevah\Zgb_ f_lh^bdb bgl_jZdlb\gh]h h[mq_gby hagZqZxs_c Zdlb\gh_ mqZklb_ kemrZl_e_c \ mq_[ghf ijhp_kk_ <ajhkeZy mq_[gZy Zm^blhjby emqr_

\k_]h mk\Zb\Z_l fZl_jbZe _keb _c ij_^hklZ\ey_lky [yevrZy kZfhklhyl_evghklv \ ijhp_kk_ _]h bamq_gby >ey wnn_dlb\ghklb h[mq_gby kemrZl_eb ^he`gu \ iheghc f_j_ mqZkl\h\Zlv \ mq_[ghf ijhp_kk_ Y\eyykv ijZdlbq_kdbfb jZ[hlgbdZfb hgb ijb\g_kml \ mq_[guc ijhp_kk k\hc h[rbjguc hiul dhlhjuc ke_^m_l Zdlb\gh bkihevah\Zlv qlh[u k^_eZlv mq_[m [he__ bgl_j_kghc b wnn_dlb\ghc

(15)

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(16)

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(17)

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(18)

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(19)

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(20)

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(21)

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(22)

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(23)

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(24)

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(25)

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(26)

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(27)

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(28)

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DZd hlf_qZ_lky \ MklZ\_ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc f_`^mgZjh^gZy ijZ\h\Zy kbkl_fZ kha^ZgZ khh[s_kl\hf ]hkm^Zjkl\ LZdbf h[jZahf ijZ\h\u_ ghjfu hij_^_eyxsb_

nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ wlhc kbkl_fu ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey wlbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ b g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh bo dZkZxlky Z lZd`_ jZajZ[hlZgu kZfbfb wlbfb ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb Ghjfu jZajZ[Zlu\Zxlky kZfbfb ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb \ j_amevlZl_ jZa\blby mklhy\rboky nhjf ih\_^_gby b jZajZ[hldb ^h]h\hjh\

f_`^mgZjh^guo ^_deZjZpbc jmdh\h^ysbo ijbgpbih\ b k\h^h\ ijbgpbih\ =hkm^Zjkl\Z

^h]h\Zjb\Zxlky h kh^_j`Zgbb wlbo bklhqgbdh\ b kh]eZrZxlky ijbagZ\Zlv bo h[yaZl_evgmx kbem <

kemqZ_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ g_kfhljy gZ lh qlh h[_ki_qb\Z_lky aZsblZ bg^b\b^h\ b ]jmii ebp j_]mebjm_lky ih\_^_gb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\ b ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo km[t_dlh\

=^_hij_^_eyxlkywlbghjfu"

KlZg^Zjlu \ h[eZklb ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ jZajZ[Zlu\Zxlky b dh^bnbpbjmxlky gZ jZaebqguo f_`^mgZjh^guo nhjmfZo k ihfhsvx ijhp_kkZ \ jZfdZo dhlhjh]h ij_^klZ\bl_eb ]hkm^Zjkl\

mqZklgbdh\ wlbo nhjmfh\ kh[bjZxlky \f_kl_ dZd ijZ\beh g_kdhevdh jZa gZ ijhly`_gbb jy^Z e_l k p_evx hij_^_e_gby nhjfu b kh^_j`Zgby f_`^mgZjh^guo ^h]h\hjh\ h ijZ\Zo q_eh\_dZ jZkkfZljb\Zy h[km`^Z_fu_ l_dklu ihklZl_cgh b ihkljhqgh GZ nhjmfZo Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \k_f ]hkm^Zjkl\Zf ij_^eZ]Z_lky ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv gZ aZk_^Zgbyo b mqZkl\h\Zlv \ ijhp_kk_ khklZ\e_gby l_dklZ qlh[u blh]h\u_ ^hdmf_glu hljZ`Zeb fg_gby b hiul \k_o j_]bhgh\ fbjZ b \k_o hkgh\guo ijZ\h\uo kbkl_f DZ`^h_ ij_^eh`_gb_ [m^v lh \ kemqZ_ h[yaZl_evgh]h ^h]h\hjZ beb Z\lhjbl_lghc

^_deZjZpbb lsZl_evgh jZkkfZljb\Z_lky b h[km`^Z_lky ^h l_o ihj ihdZ g_ [m^_l kh]eZkh\Zg hdhgqZl_evguc l_dkl H^gZdh \ kemqZ_ ^h]h\hjh\ ^Z`_ ihke_ wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z g_ y\eyxlky k\yaZggufb bo iheh`_gbyfb ^h l_o ihj ihdZ hgb g_ ih^ibrml b g_ jZlbnbpbjmxl lZdb_ ^h]h\hju beb g_ ijbkh_^bgylky d gbf >h]h\hju mgb\_jkZevgh]h ijbf_g_gby jZajZ[Zlu\Zxlky b ijbgbfZxlky hj]ZgZfb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \ qZklghklb =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e__c Wdhghfbq_kdbf b KhpbZevguf Kh\_lhf Dhfbkkb_c ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ b i_jbh^bq_kdb ijh\h^bfufb Dhg]j_kkZfb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb Djhf_ lh]h _`_]h^gh Ih^dhfbkkb_c Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ihhsj_gbx b aZsbl_

ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ijh\h^ylky wdki_jlgu_ bkke_^h\Zgby ih jZaebqguf ijh[e_fZf \ h[eZklb ijZ\

q_eh\_dZ gZ hkgh\_ dhlhjuo fh]ml \ihke_^kl\bb jZajZ[Zlu\Zlvky gh\u_ klZg^Zjlu \ h[eZklb ijZ\

q_eh\_dZ B gZdhg_p jy^ \Z`guo j_]bhgZevguo ^h]h\hjh\ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ [ue jZajZ[hlZg djmigufb j_]bhgZevgufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb dZdh\ufb y\eyxlky Kh\_l ?\jhiu Hj]ZgbaZpby Zf_jbdZgkdbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ b Hj]ZgbaZpby ZnjbdZgkdh]h _^bgkl\Z

Hkgh\gu_ hj]Zgu Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc aZgbfZxsb_ky \hijhkZfb ijZ\hijbf_g_gby

=_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y

Wdhghfbq_kdbc b KhpbZevguc Kh\_l Dhfbkkby ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ

Ih^dhfbkkby ih ihhsj_gbx b aZsbl_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ

I_jbh^bq_kdb_ Dhg]j_kku ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb

DlhgZ[ex^Z_laZhkms_kl\e_gb_fijZ\q_eh\_dZ"

JZamf__lky ijhklh]h i_j_qbke_gby k\h^Z ijZ\be g_^hklZlhqgh ^ey h[_ki_q_gby bo ijbf_g_gby ihwlhfmaZ hkms_kl\e_gb_f ghjf \ h[eZklb ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ h[_ki_qb\Z_lky ijbklZevgh_

gZ[ex^_gb_ gZ jy^_ mjh\g_c GZ gZpbhgZevghf mjh\g_ aZ kh[ex^_gb_f ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ke_^yl

(29)

N khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ \_^hfkl\Z b hj]Zgu \dexqZy ihebpbx

N gZpbhgZevgu_ ijZ\haZsblgu_ mqj_`^_gby lZdb_ dZd Dhfbkkby ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ b hf[m^kf_g

N ijZ\haZsblgu_ b ^jm]b_ g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb GIH N km^u

N iZjeZf_glu

N kj_^kl\Z fZkkh\hc bgnhjfZpbb

N ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb gZijbf_j hj]ZgbaZpbb Z^\hdZlh\ \jZq_c b l^

N ijhnkhxau

N j_eb]bhagu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb Z lZd`_

N mgb\_jkbl_lkdb_ p_glju

GZ \lhjhf mjh\g_ j_]bhgZevgufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb [ueb kha^Zgu f_oZgbafu ih gZ[ex^_gbx aZ kh[ex^_gb_f ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo kljZgZo < qbkeh lZdbo f_oZgbafh\ \oh^yl F_`Zf_jbdZgkdZy dhfbkkby ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ F_`Zf_jbdZgkdbc km^ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ :njbdZgkdZy dhfbkkby ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ b gZjh^h\ ?\jhi_ckdZy dhfbkkby ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ

?\jhi_ckdbc km^ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ b Dhfbl_l fbgbkljh\ Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu GZ f_`^mgZjh^ghf ]eh[Zevghf mjh\g_ aZ kh[ex^_gb_f ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ke_^yl jy^ f_`^mgZjh^guo GIH b Hj]ZgbaZpby H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc

< jZfdZo Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc hkms_kl\ey_lky gZ[ex^_gb_ q_luj_o hkgh\guo

\b^h\ I_j\uc lbi gZ[ex^_gby ^h]h\hjgh_ beb hkgh\Zggh_ gZ ^h]h\hjZo <lhjhc

\g_^h]h\hjgh_ beb hkgh\Zggh_ gZ ^h]h\hj_gghklyo D lj_lv_fmlbimhlghkblky gZ[ex^_gb_ k ihfhsvx hi_jZpbc ih ih^^_j`Zgbx fbjZ b ihe_\uo hi_jZpbc ih h[_ki_q_gbx kh[ex^_gby ijZ\

q_eh\_dZ Q_l\_jluf b gZb[he__ g_^Z\gbf \b^hf gZ[ex^_gby y\ey_lky gZ[ex^_gb_ hkms_kl\ey_fh_

<_joh\guf dhfbkkZjhf Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ \ jZfdZo h[s_]h fZg^ZlZ <_joh\gh]h dhfbkkZjZ ih ihhsj_gbx b aZsbl_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ DZ`^uc ba wlbo \b^h\

gZ[ex^_gby ih^jh[gh jZkkfhlj_g \ ]eZ\_ Ihkh[by haZ]eZ\e_gghc Bklhqgbdb kbkl_fu b ghjfu dZkZxsb_ky ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ

G_dhlhju_ ^h]h\hjgu_ hj]Zgu

>h]h\hj ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ Khhl\_lkl\mxsbc ^h]h\hjguc hj]Zg F_`^mgZjh^guc iZdl h[ wdhghfbq_kdbo khpbZevguo b

dmevlmjguo ijZ\Zo Dhfbl_l ih wdhghfbq_kdbf khpbZevguf b

dmevlmjguf ijZ\Zf

F_`^mgZjh^guc iZdl h ]jZ`^Zgkdbo b iheblbq_kdbo ijZ\Zo Dhfbl_l ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ F_`^mgZjh^gZy dhg\_gpby h ebd\b^Zpbb \k_o nhjf jZkh\hc

^bkdjbfbgZpbb Dhfbl_l ih ebd\b^Zpbb jZkh\hc

^bkdjbfbgZpbb Dhg\_gpby h ebd\b^Zpbb \k_o nhjf ^bkdjbfbgZpbb \

hlghr_gbb `_gsbg Dhfbl_l ih ebd\b^Zpbb ^bkdjbfbgZpbb \

hlghr_gbb `_gsbg Dhg\_gpby ijhlb\ iulhd b ^jm]bo `_klhdbo [_kq_eh\_qguo

beb mgb`Zxsbo ^hklhbgkl\h \b^h\ h[jZs_gby b gZdZaZgby Dhfbl_l ijhlb\ iulhd Dhg\_gpby h ijZ\Zo j_[_gdZ Dhfbl_l ih ijZ\Zf j_[_gdZ

(30)

DZdb_gZjmr_gbyijZ\q_eh\_dZ^he`gu\uau\Zlvhkh[mxh[_kihdh_gghklv ihebpbb"

Ex[u_ gZjmr_gby Ihebpby gZoh^blky gZ i_j_^g_f djZ_ aZsblu ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ Ihebp_ckdb_

klhyl gZ kljZ`_ aZdhgZ \dexqZy ijZ\h\u_ ghjfu \ h[eZklb ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ H[s_kl\h ihjmqZ_l ihebpbb aZsblm \k_c kh\hdmighklb ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ iml_f ^_ckl\_ggh]h hkms_kl\e_gby gZpbhgZevgh]h m]heh\gh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z Gb`_ i_j_qbkeyxlky g_dhlhju_ gZb[he__ k_jv_agu_ gZjmr_gby ijZ\

q_eh\_dZ lj_[mxsb_ [^bl_evghklb kh klhjhgu ihebpbb

=_ghpb^

>_ckl\by kh\_jrZ_fu_ k gZf_j_gb_f mgbqlh`blv iheghklvx beb qZklbqgh dZdmxeb[h gZpbhgZevgmx wlgbq_kdmx jZkh\mx beb j_eb]bhagmx ]jmiim \ lhf qbke_

Z m[bckl\h qe_gh\ lZdhc ]jmiiu

E ijbqbg_gb_ k_jv_aguo l_e_kguo ih\j_`^_gbc beb mfkl\_ggh]h jZkkljhckl\Z qe_gZf lZdhc ]jmiiu

k ij_^mfure_ggh_ kha^Zgb_ ^ey dZdhceb[h ]jmiiu lZdbo `bag_gguo mkeh\bc dhlhju_

jZkkqblZgu gZ __ ihegh_ beb qZklbqgh_ nbabq_kdh_ mgbqlh`_gb_

G f_ju jZkkqblZggu_ gZ ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ ^_lhjh`^_gby kj_^b lZdhc ]jmiiu _ gZkbevkl\_ggZy i_j_^ZqZ ^_l_c ba h^ghc q_eh\_q_kdhc ]jmiiu \ ^jm]mx IuldZ

Ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuf dZdhfmeb[h ebpmmfure_ggh ijbqbgy_lky kbevgZy [hev beb kljZ^Zgb_ nbabq_kdh_ beb gjZ\kl\_ggh_ \ p_eyo

Z ihemq_gby k\_^_gbc beb ijbagZgby E gZdZaZgby aZim]b\Zgby beb ijbgm`^_gby GZkbevkl\_ggh_ beb g_^h[jh\hevgh_ bkq_agh\_gb_

:j_kl aZ^_j`Zgb_ ihobs_gb_ beb ebr_gb_ k\h[h^u dZdbfeb[h bguf kihkh[hf kh\_jr_ggu_ ^he`ghklgufb ebpZfb jZaebqguo a\_gv_\ beb mjh\g_c ijZ\bl_evkl\Z ]jmiiZfb beb qZklgufb ebpZfb ^_ckl\mxsbfb hl bf_gb ijZ\bl_evkl\Z ijb _]h ijyfhc beb dhk\_gghc ih^^_j`d_ k _]h jZaj_r_gby beb kh]eZkby ijb ihke_^mxs_f hldZa_ khh[sblv h km^v[_ beb f_klhgZoh`^_gbb lZdbo ebp beb ijbagZlv ebr_gb_ bo k\h[h^u

<g_aZdhggu_ b ijhba\hevgu_ dZagb beb dZagb [_a gZ^e_`Zs_]h km^_[gh]h jZa[bjZl_evkl\Z

Ebr_gb_ `bagb dZdh]h [u lh gb [ueh ebpZ [_a ijh\_^_gby iheghc km^_[ghc ijhp_^mju b ijb ijyfhf beb dhk\_gghf mqZklbb ijZ\bl_evkl\Z beb k _]h kh]eZkby beb k kh]eZkby _]h miheghfhq_gguo ebp < wlh ihgylb_ \dexqZxlky lZd`_ kemqZb kf_jlb gZklmib\r_c \ j_amevlZl_

ijbf_g_gby qj_af_jghc kbeu khljm^gbdZfb ihebpbb beb kbe [_ahiZkghklb Ijhba\hevguc Zj_kl b aZ^_j`Zgb_

Ebr_gb_ k\h[h^u [_a aZdhgguo gZ lh hkgh\Zgbc beb \g_ gZ^e_`Zs_c ijZ\h\hc ijhp_^mju \ j_amevlZl_ ^_ckl\bc ijZ\bl_evkl\Z beb _]h ij_^klZ\bl_e_c beb ijb _]h ijyfhc beb dhk\_gghc ih^^_j`d_ k _]h jZaj_r_gby beb kh]eZkby

(31)

JZkh\Zy ^bkdjbfbgZpby

Ex[h_ jZaebqb_ bkdexq_gb_ h]jZgbq_gb_ beb ij_^ihql_gb_ dhlhjh_ hkgh\Zgh gZ ijbagZdZo jZku p\_lZ dh`b jh^h\h]h gZpbhgZevgh]h beb wlgbq_kdh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby b dhlhjh_ ij_iylkl\m_l beb aZljm^gy_l ex[hfm ebpm hkms_kl\eylv k\hb ijZ\Z q_eh\_dZ gZ jZ\ghc hkgh\_ k ^jm]bfb ebpZfb

\h \k_o kn_jZo h[s_kl\_gghc `bagb

G_ih^ju\ZxlebijZ\Zq_eh\_dZaZdhgghklvbihjy^hd"

AZsblZ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ bf__l hkgh\hiheZ]Zxs__ agZq_gb_ ^ey ih^^_j`Zgby ih^ebggh]h b mklhcqb\h]h ijZ\hihjy^dZ <h <k_h[s_c ^_deZjZpbb ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ijbagZ_lky qlh g_h[oh^bfh qlh[u ijZ\Z q_eh\_dZ hojZgyebkv \eZklvx aZdhgZ \ p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby lh]h qlh[u q_eh\_d g_ [ue

\ugm`^_g ijb[_]Zlv \ dZq_kl\_ ihke_^g_]h kj_^kl\Z d \hkklZgbx ijhlb\ lbjZgbb b m]g_l_gby Wlhl ijbgpbi klhev `_ yk_g k_]h^gy dZd b \ ]h^m dh]^Z [ueZ ijbgylZ <k_h[sZy

^_deZjZpby ;_a h[_ki_q_gby ]hkih^kl\Z ijZ\Z bf_xl f_klh gZjmr_gby ijZ\ Z \ l_o kemqZyo dh]^Z gZ[ex^Zxlky k_jv_agu_ b kbkl_fZlbq_kdb_ gZjmr_gby ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ mkbeb\Zxlky ijhy\e_gby g_m\Z`_gby d aZdhgm b ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguf \eZklyf b m\_ebqb\Z_lky \_jhylghklv hldjulh]h dhgnebdlZ GZjmr_gby ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ g_ fh]ml kihkh[kl\h\Zlv ih^^_j`Zgbx h[s_kl\_ggh]h ihjy^dZ b [_ahiZkghklb Z fh]ml ebrv ih^ju\Zlv b jZajmrZlv bo

<Z`gh khagZ\Zlv kms_kl\h\Zgb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh ijbagZgguo h]jZgbq_gbc \ hlghr_gbb hkms_kl\e_gby fgh]bo ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ ^ey \uiheg_gby lj_[h\Zgbc ih^^_j`Zgby h[s_kl\_ggh]h ihjy^dZ \ ^_fhdjZlbq_kdhf h[s_kl\_ Wlb h]jZgbq_gby dh]^Z lZdh\u_ kms_kl\mxl h]h\hj_gu \ l_dklZo jZaebqguo ^h]h\hjh\ ih ijZ\Zf q_eh\_dZ DZd ijZ\beh lZdb_ h]jZgbq_gby mklZgh\e_gu aZdhghf b g_h[oh^bfu ^ey

N h[_ki_q_gby m\Z`_gby d ijZ\Zf b k\h[h^Zf ^jm]bo ebp b

N \uiheg_gby kijZ\_^eb\uo lj_[h\Zgbc dZkZxsboky gjZ\kl\_gghklb h[s_kl\_ggh]h ihjy^dZ b h[s_]h [eZ]hihemqby \ ^_fhdjZlbq_kdhf h[s_kl\_

Ihwlhfm \k_ ]jZ`^Zg_ h[yaZgu m\Z`Zlv ijZ\Z ^jm]bo ebp b kh[ex^Zlv aZdhggu_ b g_h[oh^bfu_ lj_[h\Zgby k\yaZggu_ k ih^^_j`Zgb_f h[s_kl\_ggh]h ihjy^dZ \ ^_fhdjZlbq_kdhf h[s_kl\_

G_ij_iylkl\mxlebijZ\Zq_eh\_dZwnn_dlb\ghc^_yl_evghklbihebpbb"

Fu \k_ keurZeb lhl Zj]mf_gl qlh m\Z`_gb_ ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ \ hij_^_e_gghc f_j_ ijhlb\hklhbl wnn_dlb\ghc ijZ\hhojZgbl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb b qlh ^ey h[_ki_q_gby kh[ex^_gby aZdhgh\

aZ^_j`Zgby ij_klmigbdZ b h[_ki_q_gby _]h hkm`^_gby g_h[oh^bfh ke_]dZ hlklmiZlv hl ijZ\be Fu

\k_ gZ[ex^Zeb l_g^_gpbx ijbf_g_gby qj_af_jghc kbeu ^ey ij_k_q_gby [_kihjy^dh\ \ oh^_

^_fhgkljZpbc hdZaZgby nbabq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby gZ aZ^_j`Zgguo k p_evx ihemq_gby hl gbo bgnhjfZpbb beb ijbf_g_gby qj_af_jghc kbeu ijb ijhba\h^kl\_ Zj_klZ Kh]eZkgh klhjhggbdZf lZdh]h ih^oh^Z ijZ\hijbf_gbl_evgZy ^_yl_evghklv ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc \hcgmijhlb\ ij_klmighklb b ijZ\Z q_eh\_dZ ebrv ij_iylkl\by gZ imlb ihebpbb jZkklZ\e_ggu_ Z^\hdZlZfb b GIH

GZ kZfhf ^_e_ gZjmr_gby ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ kh\_jrZ_fu_ ihebpb_c ebrv aZljm^gyxl b [_a lh]h keh`gmx aZ^Zqm ih hojZg_ ihjy^dZ Dh]^Z ebph ijba\Zggh_ h[_ki_qb\Zlv kh[ex^_gb_ aZdhgh\ kZfh klZgh\blky bo gZjmrbl_e_f wlh ijb\h^bl d ms_fe_gbx q_eh\_q_kdh]h ^hklhbgkl\Z b d ih^ju\m kZfbo aZdhgh\ b \k_o bgklblmlh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc \eZklb GZjmr_gby ihebpb_c ijZ\ q_eh\_dZ bf_xl jZaghh[jZagu_ ihke_^kl\by

N hgb ih^ju\Zxl ^h\_jb_ gZk_e_gby

N ij_iylkl\mxl wnn_dlb\ghfm ij_ke_^h\Zgbx \ km^_[ghf ihjy^d_

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