LES CAHIERS DU NUM ÉRIQUE VOLUM E 10 – No 1/ 20 14

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LES CAHIERS DU NUM ÉRIQUE

VOLUM E 10 – No 1/ 20 14

7 CONTRIBUTORS

9 Introduction B^ÉNÉDICTER^EY

19 Questionning (in)formalization of self-exposure to social network sites FABIEN GRANJON

The social network sites’ (SNS) uses encourage social sciences to examine the ways the SNS’ users share and organize information, how they make sense about self-exposures and how they mobilize it for strategic purposes in the course of social interactions. The main studies focused on self-exposures seek to understand « privacy intelligences » through three lines of questioning related to prescriptive part of the technics, practical intersubjectivity and skills.

Based on various theoretical perspectives, they have explored some key features of Web 2.0 services’ social uses. Howerer they have difficulties to treat these practices within a larger social dynamics which can not be only put on the interest on digital practices (and for some, moreover, on the late modernity logics). In addition to those studies, we would suggest an other problematic. Thus, we would like to propose to instruct the different forms of visibility on the SNS based on a general assumption of changing norms of self-restraint (modesty) and their transgressions

45 Privacy as a tool of governance: Disciplining customer loyalty S^AMIC^OLL

Many experts are becoming increasingly critical about the notion of privacy and are discussing its limits to effectively protect individuals

Cet article des Editions Lavoisier est disponible en acces libre et gratuit sur lcn.revuesonline.com

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160 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 1/2014

against surveillance. In this article, we want to follow this critical current and to suggest that “privacy” can even be regarded as a tool of governance of individuals. To develop this idea, we rely on the work of Foucault, in particular his concept of biopower, and the results of a study on Swiss loyalty cards.

69 Recommender systems of cultural goods. Towards a production of conformity ?

M^ARCM^ÉNARD

A recommendation system of cultural goods is a technical device mediating between the consumer and the merchant and whose objective is to capture the attention of users by offering suggestions supposed to match their preferences. This article first examines the characteristics of these systems in order to assess to what extent they can be an effective market equipment to guide or manipulate consumer choice. It then questions the potentially reductive nature of the characterization of cultural goods by a list of attributes that supposedly revealed intrinsic, measurable and comparable qualities.

Finally, the issue of the possible reduction of diversity in consumption that the widespread use of such systems could lead is raised.

95 Handling the datas. Documenting the market

Organizational implications of the big data movement J^EAN-S^ÉBASTIENV^AYRE

What is big data? How to characterize it? What is its impact on the organization of the market? From a merchant point of view, big data consist in transforming the traces of consumers’ activities into information which are transmit to the market participants. Big data is, therefore, a process of documentation. First, we argue that the dynamics of this process refers to a socio-technical evolution and a socio-cognitive revolution. Then, we underline the implications of this revolution on the market organization. In conclusion, we note that if big data documentation process can promote the reactivity and adaptability of commercial organizations, it can also lead to important knowledge biases in socioeconomic terms.

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Summary 161 127 The user as a cognitive authority: theoretical perspectives on

recommender systems

MÂRCELAC.BÂIOCCHI,DÔMINICFÔREST

Recommender systems are filtering mechanisms largely present on the Web. Their function is to suggest contents that could be of interest to users. There are two main methods in which systems operate : the first one relies on gathering personal data from users and the second one relies on the statistical and semantic analysis of the documents' contents. In this article, we propose a theoretical discussion about theses methods. We explore the opposition between user-based and content-based systems, which is very common in the information science field. By using the concept of cognitive authority developed by Patrick Wilson (1983), we demonstrate the limits of the user-based method with regards to the discovery of new sources of information. We also present promising research paths related to methods of statistical textual analysis that deserve to be further explored in the development of these systems.

159 Summary/Abstracts

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