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Arab and Ottoman Menageries

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mad.hypotheses.org

Arab and Ottoman Menageries | Medieval Animal Data-Network

by Thierry Buquet · June 22, 2015

The history of Arab menageries remains to be written. Gustave

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Menageries and diplomatic gifts

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Al-Ǧāḥiẓ, Kitāb al-ḥayawān (Book of the animals), Syria, 15th C.

Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Ms. arab. B 54, f. 36

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Menageries in the land of Islam, from Córdoba to Baghdad

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Al-Maqrīzī’s description of the menagerie at Cairo

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The incomplete testimonies of Western visitors to Cairo

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The decline of the Ottoman menageries?

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3>#3CDīLī. Description historique et topographique de l’Égypte (Livre des admonitions et de l’observation pour l’histoire des quartiers et des monuments)

e

e

B3DF;7EQ6&3G>3E3@AH3

#Q?A;D7EBG4>;QEB3D>7E?7?4D7E67>^@EF;FGF8D3@P3;E

6^3D5:QA>A9;7AD;7@F3>76G3;D7"73;D7@EF;FGF8D3@P3;E 6^3D5:QA>A9;7AD;7@F3>7:FFB 93>>;534@88D

3D= 4BF=5

3>#3CDīLī. Histoire des sultans mamlouks de l’Égypte, écrite en arabe par Taki-Eddin-Ahmed-MakriziQ6MF;7@@7'G3FD7?RD7

%D;7@F3>*D3@E>3F;A@G@6&3D;EGBD3F

3>#3Eʿūdī. Les prairies d’orQ63D4;7D67#7K@3D6

&3H7F67AGDF7;>>7&3D;E?BD;?7D;7;?BQD;3>7

#ADKEA@K@7EAn Itinerary Containing his ten yeeres travell through the twelve dominions of Germany, Bohmerland,

Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turkey,

France, England, Scotland & Ireland. >3E9AI[$7I.AD=

(11)

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