Obligation / Interdiction /Permission

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Obligation / Interdiction /Permission

Remettre dans le bon ordre.

Questions:

to | wasn't | bed. | allowed | in | stay | Greg | mustn't | night. | go | You | out | at |

We | lessons. | our | learn | must | has | make | He | his | to | bed. | to | set | the | had | We | table. |

in | to | allowed | weren't | They | the | make | noise | dormitory. | up | early. | didn't | get | She | to | have |

9.00 | were | television | after | watch | to | You | p.m. | allowed | doesn't | to | the | have | go | She | dentist's. | to |

REPONSES:

Greg wasn't allowed to stay in bed. You mustn't go out at night. We must learn our lessons. He has to make his bed. We had to set the table. They weren't allowed to make noise in the dormitory. She didn't have to get up early. You were allowed to watch television after 9.00 p.m. She doesn't have to go to the dentist's.

Modaux - suite - DEVOIR

Tout d'abord, un petit rappel sur la probabilité ...

Les différents modaux sont : - can

- must - may - needn't - will

Leur emploi est différent et des verbes de remplacements sont indispensables pour les utiliser à différents temps:

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FORME VALEUR VERBE DE

REMPLACEMENT

CAN ..possibilité/impossibl ité

..capacité/incapacité ..permission

..to be able to ..to be able to ..to be allowed to MUST ..obligation

..forte probabilité to have to

MAY ..éventualité

(..permission)

to be allowed to

NEEDN'T ..non obligation don't have to WILL ..volonté/futur des

verbes ////

Pour exprimer la modalité sur des faits passés :

- impossibilité : - can't have + participe passé - couldn't have + participe passé - possiblité : - must have + participe passé

Exercice :

Traduisez ces phrases en tenant bien compte des verbes exprimant 'devoir'.

Attention aux temps !!!

Questions:

He | be | staring | are. | must | Stop | who | wondering | at | him! | we | You | he | what | believe | mustn't | says. |

old. | mustn't | be | He | too |

to | admit | had | I | right. | he | was |

REPONSES:

Stop staring at him! He must be wondering who we are. You mustn't believe what he says. He mustn't be too old. He must have begun very early this morning. You needn't wait for him. I had to admit he was right.

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Must / Have to

MUST HAVE TO

Must and have to are used to express obligation or the need to do something

they can be used interchangeably however

---MUST: (subjective obligation) in general expresses what the speaker thinks is necessary

I must stop smoking / We must go it's already midnight /They must work harder

__HAVE TO: (objective obligation) in general suggests that somebody else has imposed the decision

In France you have to drive on the right / Tom has to wear a uniform at

school

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----Tenses

1° have to can be used in all tenses:

Tom had to wear a uniform last year / Tom will have to wear a uniform next year

Sonia is having to wait / she may have to come back tomorrow 2° must can be used to talk about the present or the future

Tom must call his mother tomorrow

but it can't be used to talk about the past ( you use have to) ----Inerrogative form

Do you have to leave now? / Must you leave right now?

----Negative form

The negative form of must and the negative form of have to are very different in meaning

1° must not / mustn't is used to say thay something is not allowed

Children mustn't play with fire / Passengers must not talk to the driver / Visitors mustn't smoke

'must not 'can't be used to talk about the past, you use another structure example: we were not allowed to park near the museum

2° don't have to means that there is no obligation to do something, but you can do it if you want

you don't have to drink alcohol, you can have a soft drink she doesn't have to arrive before 9

when the lights are red you must stop

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you have to stop you mustn't go on

Questions:

1) To drive a car you __________________ have a driving licence.

must has to

don't have to

2) While you are driving you __________________ listen to the radio, it is not necessary.

must must not don't have to

3) You __________________ drive without wearing a seatbelt.Wear a seatbelt is compulsory for the passengers too.

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must mustn't don't have to

4) It is dangerous to talk on a cell-phone and drive at the same time. Drivers __________________ do that.

must should shouldn't

5) In some countries it is illegal to use a cell-phone in a car, in those countries drivers __________________ use phones in their cars.

should mustn't don't have to

6) Drivers __________________ be kind to other drivers must

must not should

7) But they __________________ be kind to other drivers, it's a choice not the law.

doesn't have to don't have to must not

8) In France you __________________ to insure your car, it's the law of the country.

mustn't have to has to

9) On the road you __________________ respect the speed limit even if there isn't any radar.

don't have to must not must

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10) Cyclists __________________ wear a helmet but a cautious rider should have one.

must

don't have to mustn't

REPONSES:

1. must

2. don't have to 3. mustn't 4. shouldn't 5. mustn't 6. should 7. don't have to 8. have to 9. must

10. don't have to

Obligation, Interdiction

Petit rappel : must = obligation / mustn't = interdiction / have to = sens proche de must, obligation / don't have to - doesn't have to = absence d'obligation, pas obligé de.

Questions:

1) Children __________________ play with dangerous products.

must mustn't don't have to

2) We are on holiday ! We __________________ go to school today ! have to

3) The sea is rough today, you __________________ swim here ! don't have to

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doesn't have to mustn't

4) She's very ill, she __________________ stay in bed.

doesn't have to must

mustn't

5) You __________________ smoke here ! It's a hospital ! must

mustn't don't have to

6) She __________________ come if she doesn't want to ! doesn't have to

7) You __________________ worry about me ! I'm all right now ! don't have to

doesn't have to have to

8) You __________________ forget your toothbrush ! must

9) Babies __________________ go to bed early.

don't have to must

mustn't

10) She is happy because she __________________ wear a uniform in her new school.

doesn't have to don't have to mustn't

REPONSES:

1. mustn't 2. don't have to 3. mustn't 4. must 5. mustn't

6. doesn't have to 7. don't have to 8. mustn't 9. must

10. doesn't have to

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Mustn't / don't have to

Mustn't do something ==> it's necessary not to do it.

Example: fire is dangerous. you mustn't play with it.

Don't have to do something ==> you don't need to do it but if you want, you can.

Example: you don't have to tell me everything.

Good luck, everybody.

Questions:

1) Whatever you do, you __________________ touch that switch.It's very dangerous.

don't have to doesn't have to mustn't

2) I don't want anyone to know ; you __________________ tell anyone.

3) He __________________ wear a suit to work but he usually does.

4) I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I __________________ go to work.

5) There's a lift in the building, so she __________________ climb the stairs.

mustn't

doesn't have to don't have to

6) You __________________ forget what I told you. It's very important.

7) Sue __________________ get up early. She gets up early because she wants to.

mustn't didn't have to doesn't have to

8) Don't make so much noise. We __________________ wake the baby.

don't have to didn't have to mustn't

9) I __________________ eat too much. I'm supposed to be on a diet.

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10) You __________________ be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.

mustn't didn't have to don't have to

REPONSES:

1. mustn't 2. mustn't

3. doesn't have to 4. don't have to 5. doesn't have to 6. mustn't

7. didn't have to 8. mustn't 9. mustn't 10. don't have to

Have to

compléter les phrases.

Questions:

1. I'm _____________________________ work very hard at the moment because I have an exam next week

2. You _____________________________ work hard after your exam, you can have a holiday 3. My father's a customs official, so he always _____________________________ wear a uniform at work

4. My mother's a teacher , so she _____________________________ wear one

5. When I was a teenager , we _____________________________ be home by nine o'clock 6. But we _____________________________ take as many exams as teenagers nowadays

7. I can't see the small print very well I think I _____________________________ wear glasses soon 8. Nobody enjoys _____________________________ get up at five o'clock in the morning

9. Did your grandmother _____________________________ leave school when she was fourteen?

10. You _____________________________ be a millionnaire to shop in Harrods but it helps

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REPONSES:

1. having to 2. won't have to 3. has to

4. doesn't have to 5. had to

6. didn't have to 7. will have to 8. having to 9. have to

10. don't have to

Must, needn't ou mustn't

Compléter les phrases.

Questions:

1. I haven't got lots of money ; I _____________________________ waste it.

2. Don't worry Paul, you've got plenty of time, you _____________________________ hurry.

3. Do you want me to wait for you? No it's OK, you _____________________________ wait.

4. This book is very expensive, you _____________________________ look after it very carefully.

5. You _____________________________ phone me when you arrive at home but I hope you will.

6. Florent is asleep, you _____________________________ shout like that.

7. You can tell Emilie what I said but she _____________________________ tell her husband.

8. What kind of dog do you want to buy? Well, it _____________________________ be very sweet with my baby.

9. I have enough meat in my fridge so I _____________________________ go to the butcher's today.

10. My mother gave me a present for my son, I _____________________________ forget to give him .

REPONSES:

1. mustn't 2. needn't 3. needn't 4. must 5. needn't 6. mustn't 7. mustn't 8. must 9. needn't 10. mustn't