Search for light scalar top quark pair production in final states with two leptons with the ATLAS detector in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions

arXiv:1208.4305v2 [hep-ex] 15 Oct 2012

CERN-PH-EP-2012-211

Submitted to: EPJC

Search for light scalar top quark pair production in final states

with two leptons with the ATLAS detector in

√

s

= 7 TeV

proton–proton collisions

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract

A search is presented for the pair production of light scalar top quarks in

√

s = 7

TeV proton–proton

collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis uses the full

data sample collected during 2011 that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb

−1

_{. Light}

scalar top quarks are searched for in events with two opposite-sign leptons (

e

,

µ

), large missing

trans-verse momentum and at least one jet in the final state. No excess over Standard Model expectations

is found, and the results are interpreted under the assumption that the light scalar top decays to a

b

-quark in addition to an on-shell chargino whose decay occurs through a virtual

W

boson. If the

chargino mass is 106 GeV, light scalar top quark masses up to 130 GeV are excluded for neutralino

masses below 70 GeV.

EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor)

Search for light scalar top quark pair production in final states

with two leptons with the ATLAS detector in

√

s

= 7 TeV

proton–proton collisions

The ATLAS Collaboration

Abstract. A search is presented for the pair production of light scalar top quarks in√s = 7 TeV proton–

proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis uses the full

data sample collected during 2011 running that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1_.

Light scalar top quarks are searched for in events with two opposite-sign leptons (e, µ), large missing transverse momentum and at least one jet in the final state. No excess over Standard Model expectations is found, and the results are interpreted under the assumption that the light scalar top decays to a b-quark in addition to an on-shell chargino whose decay occurs through a virtual W boson. If the chargino mass is 106 GeV, light scalar top quark masses up to 130 GeV are excluded for neutralino masses below 70 GeV.

1 Introduction

Weak-scale supersymmetry (SUSY) [1–9] is an extension to the Standard Model (SM) that provides a solution to the instability of the scalar SM sector with respect to new high-scale physics. For each known boson or fermion, SUSY introduces a particle with identical quantum num-bers except for a difference of half a unit of spin. In the framework of a generic R-parity conserving minimal su-persymmetric extension of the SM (MSSM) [10–14], SUSY particles are produced in pairs and the lightest supersym-metric particle (LSP) is stable. In a large variety of mod-els, the LSP is the lightest neutralino, ˜χ0

1, which is only

weakly interacting. The scalar partners of right-handed

and left-handed quarks, ˜qRand ˜qL, mix to form two mass

eigenstates, ˜q1 and ˜q2, with ˜q1 defined to be the lighter

one. In the case of the supersymmetric partner of the top

quark (˜t, stop), large mixing effects can lead to one stop

mass eigenstate, ˜t1, that is significantly lighter than the

other squarks. Depending on the SUSY particle mass spec-trum, stop pair production and decay can result in final states topologically similar to t¯t events.

In this Letter, a search for direct stop pair

produc-tion is presented in√s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions

recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, considering a SUSY particle mass hierarchy such that mt > m˜t1 > (mχ˜±₁ + mb) and the ˜t1 decays

exclu-sively via b + ˜χ±

1. The mass of all other supersymmetric

particles are set to be above 2 TeV, and large stop gauge mixing results in m˜t2 ≫ m˜t1 so that only ˜t1 pair

pro-duction is considered. The stop is predominantly right-handed, but this has little effect on the acceptance and

efficiency for the final interpretation. The chargino ( ˜χ±

1)

mass is set to 106 GeV (above the present exclusion limit of 103.5 GeV [15]) and it is assumed to decay through a

virtual W boson ( ˜χ± 1 → W

∗_χ˜0

1). The choice of chargino

mass is identical to that used in a previous study reported by the CDF experiment [16], thus allowing easy compari-son of the CDF and ATLAS results. Stops within a mass range between 110 GeV and 160 GeV would be produced with relatively large cross-sections – between 245 pb and 41 pb. In this search, dilepton final states (ℓ = e, µ) are considered. Although these events could contribute to an

anomaly in the measured t¯t cross-section, the relative

con-tribution would be small due to the low transverse mo-menta of the visible decay products. Events are required to contain at least one energetic jet, large missing transverse

momentum (Emiss

T ) and low transverse momenta (pT)

lep-tons, to target the light stop final state.

By targeting very light top squarks, this analysis is complementary to other direct stop searches recently pre-sented by the ATLAS experiment [17, 18].

2 The ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector [19] is a multi-purpose particle physics detector with a forward-backward symmetric cylindrical

geometry and nearly 4π coverage in solid angle1. It

con-tains four superconducting magnet systems, which com-prise a solenoid surrounding the inner tracking detector (ID), and the barrel and two end-cap toroids equipping a muon spectrometer. The ID consists of a silicon pixel

de-1 _{ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its}

ori-gin at the nominal interaction point in the centre of the detec-tor and the z-axis along the beam pipe. Cylindrical coordinates (r, φ) are used in the transverse plane, φ being the azimuthal angle around the beam pipe. The pseudorapidity η is defined in terms of the polar angle θ by η = − ln tan(θ/2).

tector, a silicon microstrip detector (SCT), and a transi-tion radiatransi-tion tracker (TRT). In the pseudorapidity region |η| < 3.2, high-granularity liquid-argon (LAr) electromag-netic (EM) sampling calorimeters are used. An iron/scintillator tile calorimeter provides coverage for hadron detection over |η| < 1.7. The end-cap and forward regions, spanning 1.5 < |η| < 4.9, are instrumented with LAr calorime-ters for both EM and hadronic measurements. The muon spectrometer surrounds the calorimeters and consists of a system of precision tracking chambers (|η| < 2.7), and detectors for triggering (|η| < 2.4).

3 Simulated event samples

Monte Carlo (MC) simulated event samples are used to develop and validate the analysis procedure and to evalu-ate the SM backgrounds in the signal region. Production of top quark pairs is simulated with MC@NLO 4.01 [20], us-ing a top quark mass of 172.5 GeV. Samples of W (→ ℓν)

and Z/γ∗

(→ ℓℓ), produced with accompanying jets (of both light and heavy flavour), are obtained with ALPGEN

2.14 _{[21]. Diboson (W W , W Z, ZZ) production is}

sim-ulated with HERWIG 6.520 [22] and single top produc-tion with MC@NLO 4.01. Fragmentaproduc-tion and hadronisaproduc-tion for the ALPGEN 2.14 and MC@NLO 4.01 samples are per-formed with HERWIG 6.520, using JIMMY 4.31 [23] for the underlying event. Expected diboson yields are normalised using next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD predictions ob-tained with MCFM [24, 25]. The top-quark contribution is normalised to approximate next-to-next-to-leading-order

(NNLO) calculations [26]. The inclusive W and Z/γ∗

pro-duction sections are normalised to the NNLO cross-sections obtained using FEWZ [27]. ALPGEN 2.14 and POWHEG [28] samples are used to assess the systematic uncertainties

associated with the choice of generator for t¯t production,

and AcerMC [29] samples are used to assess the uncer-tainties associated with initial- and final-state radiation (ISR/FSR) [30]. The choice of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) depends on the generator. CT10 [31] sets are used for all MC@NLO samples. MRST LO** [32] sets are used with HERWIG and PYTHIA, and CTEQ6L1 [33] with ALPGEN 2.14. The stop production models are sim-ulated using PYTHIA 6.425 [34]. Signal cross-sections are calculated to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, including the resummation of soft gluon emis-sion at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy (NLO+NLL) [35–37]. An envelope of cross-section predictions is defined using the 68% C.L. ranges of the CTEQ6.6 (including the

αS uncertainty) and MSTW 2008 NLO [38] PDF sets,

together with independent variations of the factorisation and renormalisation scales by factors of two or one half. The nominal cross-section value is taken to be the mid-point of the envelope and the uncertainty assigned is half the full width of the envelope, following the PDF4LHC recommendations [39]. All MC samples are produced us-ing a GEANT4-based [40] detector simulation [41]. The effect of multiple proton–proton collisions from the same or different bunch crossings is incorporated into the sim-ulation by overlaying additional PYTHIA minimum bias

events onto hard-scattering events. Simulated events are weighted to match the distribution of the mean number of interactions per bunch crossing observed in data.

4 Data and event selection

The analysis uses the full 2011 proton-proton collision data sample. After applying the beam, detector and data-quality requirements, the data sample corresponds to a

total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1_{. Events were}

trig-gered using a combination of single and double lepton triggers. The single electron triggers vary with the data-taking period, and the tightest of these has an efficiency of

∼97% for electrons with pT > 25 GeV. The single muon

trigger used for all data-taking periods reaches an effi-ciency plateau of ∼75% (∼90%) in the barrel (end-caps)

for muons with pT> 20 GeV. All efficiencies are quoted

with respect to reconstructed leptons, passing the baseline lepton definitions. The double lepton triggers reach

simi-lar plateau efficiencies, but at lower pTthresholds (greater

than 17 GeV for electrons passing the dielectron trigger, and greater than 12 GeV for muons passing the dimuon trigger; for the electron-muon trigger the thresholds are 15 and 10 GeV for electrons and muons respectively). If

a lepton has an offline pT above the single lepton

trig-ger plateau threshold in a given event, the relevant single lepton trigger is used. Double lepton triggers are used for events with no such lepton. An exception to this rule is applied in the µµ channel. In this case when one lepton

has pT> 20 GeV and the second pT> 12 GeV, a logical

OR of both triggers is used to recover efficiency.

Jet candidates are reconstructed using the anti-kt jet

clustering algorithm [42] with a radius parameter of 0.4. The inputs to this algorithm are three-dimensional energy clusters seeded by calorimeter cells with energy signifi-cantly above the noise resulting from the electronics and additional proton–proton interactions (calorimeter clus-ters). The jet candidate energies are corrected for the effects of calorimeter non-compensation, inhomogeneities and energy loss in material in front of the calorimeter, by

using pT- and η-dependent calibration factors based on

MC simulations and validated with extensive test-beam and collision-data studies [43]. Furthermore, the recon-structed jet is modified such that the jet direction points to the primary vertex, defined as the vertex with the

high-est summed track p2

T. Only jet candidates with corrected

transverse momenta pT> 20 GeV and |η| < 4.5 are

subse-quently retained. Jets likely to have arisen from detector noise or cosmic rays are rejected [43]. Electron candidates

are required to have pT> 10 GeV, |η| < 2.47, and pass

the “medium” shower shape and track selection criteria of Ref. [44]. Muon candidates are reconstructed using either a full muon spectrometer track matched to an ID track, or a muon spectrometer segment matched to an extrapolated ID track [45]. They must be reconstructed with sufficient hits in the pixel, SCT and TRT detectors. They are re-quired to have pT> 10 GeV and |η| < 2.4.

Following object reconstruction, overlaps between can-didate jets and leptons are resolved. Any jet cancan-didate

ly-ing within a distance ∆R =p(∆η)2_{+ (∆φ)}2_{= 0.2 of an}

electron is discarded. Subsequently, any electron or muon candidate remaining within a distance ∆R = 0.4 of any surviving jet candidate is discarded.

The measurement of the missing transverse

momen-tum pmiss

T , and its magnitude ETmiss, is based on the

trans-verse momenta of all electrons, muons and jets as de-scribed above, and of all calorimeter clusters with |η| < 4.5 not associated to such objects.

Following overlap removal, electrons are further

re-quired to have pT> 17 GeV and to pass the “tight” [44]

quality criteria, which places additional requirements on the ratio of calorimetric energy to track momentum, and the fraction of high-threshold hits in the TRT. Electrons

are also required to be isolated: the pTsum of tracks above

1 GeV within a cone of size ∆R = 0.2 around each electron candidate (excluding the electron candidates themselves)

is required to be less than 10% of the electron pT. Muons

must have pT> 12 GeV and must be isolated: the pTsum

of tracks within a cone of size ∆R = 0.2 around the muon candidate is required to be less than 1.8 GeV. Jets are

sub-ject to the further requirements pT > 25 GeV, |η| < 2.5

and a “jet vertex fraction”2 _{higher than 0.75.}

The top background measurement described below uses a b-tagging algorithm [46], which exploits the topological structure of weak b- and c-hadron decays inside a candi-date jet to identify jets containing a b-hadron decay. The

nominal b-tagging efficiency, computed from t¯t MC events,

is on average 60%, with a misidentification (mis-tag) rate for light-quark/gluon jets of less than 1%. To correct small differences in the b-tagging efficiency observed in the sim-ulation with respect to the data, a scale factor is applied to all simulated samples.

During part of the data-taking period, a localised elec-tronics failure in the electromagnetic calorimeter created a dead region (∆η×∆φ ≈ 1.4×0.2). For jets in this region, a correction to their energy is made using the energy de-positions in the neighbouring cells, and is propagated to Emiss

T . If the energy correction exceeds 10 GeV or 10%

of the Emiss

T , the event is discarded. Events with

recon-structed electrons in the calorimeter dead region are also rejected.

Events are subject to the following requirements. The primary vertex in the event must have at least five asso-ciated tracks and each event must contain exactly two selected leptons (electrons or muons) of opposite sign. Both of these leptons must additionally satisfy the full list of signal lepton requirements, and the dilepton

in-variant mass, mll, must be greater than 20 GeV across

all flavour combinations. In addition, events in the

sig-nal region must have at least one jet with pT> 25 GeV,

Emiss

T > 20 GeV, missing transverse momentum

signifi-2 _{The jet vertex fraction quantifies the fraction of track}

transverse momentum associated to a jet which comes from the primary vertex. The cut removes jets within the tracker acceptance which originated from uncorrelated soft collisions.

cance3 _Emiss,sig

T > 7.5 GeV1/2 to reject multijet events,

and leading lepton pT < 30 GeV (to provide further

re-jection of the dominant dileptonic t¯t background). Events

in the ee and µµ channels are subject to a further re-quirement on the dilepton invariant mass to reject events arising from Z production and decay. This selection, sum-marised in Table 1, has a low signal efficiency, but strong background rejection. The main factor in the efficiency

loss is the lowest lepton pT requirement needed to reach

the efficiency plateau of the dilepton triggers. The kine-matic acceptance varies between 0.06% and 0.3% for a neutralino mass of 55 GeV as the stop mass varies between 112 GeV and 180 GeV, and between 0.1% and 0.003% for a stop mass of 140 GeV as the neutralino mass varies be-tween 1 GeV and 95 GeV (the detector efficiency for these points, defined as the efficiency for reconstructing events that already enter the kinematic acceptance, is ∼ 40%).

5 Background estimation

The dominant SM background, after the signal selection

requirements, arises from t¯t events where both top quarks

decay leptonically, with the next most significant

back-ground being Z/γ∗

+jets. Single top, W +jets, diboson and multijet events give much smaller expected contributions.

The fully leptonic t¯t background in the signal region

is obtained by extrapolating the number of t¯t events

mea-sured in a suitable control region (CR), after correcting

for contamination from non-t¯t events, into the signal

re-gion (SR). This extrapolation, detailed in Eq. 1, uses the

ratio of the number of simulated t¯t events in the signal

region to those in the control region:

(Nt¯t)SR= [(Ndata)CR− (Nnon-t¯t,MC)CR]

(Nt¯t,MC)SR

(Nt¯t,MC)CR

(1) The CR is designed to give an event sample dominated by top events, whilst minimising signal contamination. It is further chosen to be kinematically similar to the signal region to minimise systematic uncertainties due to extrap-olation. Selection requirements for the top control region are summarised in Table 1. In this analysis, models with small stop–chargino mass difference are considered, and hence soft b-jets are expected in the signal events which are not efficiently tagged. By requiring a b-jet in the top control region a high-purity sample of top events is ob-tained. The signal contamination in the considered mod-els is typically of the order of a few per cent, rising to

30% for models with mχ˜0

1 = 1 GeV and high m˜t1. The

percentage of SM, non-t¯t events in the CR is less than

5% across all channels. The resulting t¯t background

con-tributions are consistent with the expected MC yields in all channels within the uncertainties. Signal contamina-tion is taken into account when setting the exclusion limit in the next section by including, for each signal model,

3 _{In this paper, E}miss,sig

T = E

miss

T /

√

HT, where HT is the

scalar sum of the jet and lepton transverse momenta in each event.

Requirement ee channel µµ channel eµ channel Signal Region

lepton pT > 17 GeV > 12 GeV > 17(12) GeV for e(µ)

leading lepton pT < 30 GeV

mll > 20 GeV and Z veto > 20 GeV

jet pT ≥ 1 jet, pT> 25 GeV

Emiss

T > 20 GeV

E_Tmiss,sig > 7.5 GeV1/2

Top Control Region

lepton pT > 17 GeV > 12 GeV > 17(12) GeV for e(µ)

leading lepton pT > 30 GeV

mll > 20 GeV and Z veto > 20 GeV

jet pT ≥ 2 (b)jets, pT> 25 GeV

b-jet pT ≥ 1 b jet, pT> 25 GeV

Emiss

T > 20 GeV

E_Tmiss,sig > 7.5 GeV1/2

Z Control Region

lepton pT > 17 GeV > 12 GeV n/a

leading lepton pT < 30 GeV n/a

mll > 81 GeV and < 101 GeV n/a

jet pT ≥ 1 jet, pT> 25 GeV n/a

Emiss

T > 20 GeV n/a

ETmiss,sig > 4.0 GeV

1/2 _n/a

Table 1. Signal region, top control region and Z control region requirements in each flavour channel. The Z veto rejects events

with mll> 81 GeV and mll< 101 GeV.

the expected signal yield in the top control region in the (Nnon-_t¯t,MC)CR term in Eq. 1.

The contribution from Z/γ∗

+jets events to the signal region (from ee and µµ events) is evaluated in a similar

way. Data are used to obtain the normalisation of the Z/γ∗

background in a suitable CR and MC is used to extrapo-late from CR to SR using an equation analogous to Eq. 1. This method is used separately for each of the ee and µµ channels (with selection requirements for the Z CR as summarised in Table 1), whereas the contribution to eµ

(including those from Z/γ∗

→ ττ) is taken directly from the MC simulation due to the limited number of events

in the CR. The contamination from non-Z/γ∗

+jets SM events in the CR is less than 5%, and the signal contam-ination less than 4%. The resulting Z background contri-butions are consistent with the expected MC yields in the ee and µµ channels within the uncertainties. The effect of signal contamination of the Z control region on the final exclusion limit can be neglected to a very good approxi-mation.

Single top, W +jets (including heavy-flavour contribu-tions) and diboson backgrounds are evaluated in the sig-nal region directly from the MC simulation. The estimated contribution from W +jets has been cross-checked using a data-driven technique (an extension of the “template fit”, described below), and found to be in good agreement.

The tight requirement on E_Tmiss,sig heavily suppresses

the multijet background. A data-driven template fit

tech-nique is used to verify that this background is small, and to assign an uncertainty on the yield in the signal region. The isolation requirements on the electrons and muons are reversed to enhance the multijet content of selected events. The requirements are inverted in the signal region, prior

to application of the E_Tmiss,sig requirement. The shape of

the E_Tmiss,sig distribution in data for this inverted

selec-tion (after subtracting the dominantly electroweak back-ground using the MC simulation) is then compared to the equivalent distribution in data for the “normal” isolation requirements in order to validate that inverting the lep-ton isolation does not distort the shape of the distribu-tion. The “normal” and “inverted” shapes were found to agree very closely for the full range of distributions consid-ered in the analysis. The inverted Emiss,sigT distribution is

then renormalised to match the distribution after nominal isolation requirements. Passing this correctly normalised template through the remaining requirements gives the multijet yield in the signal region. It is found to be small in all channels, making up less than 2% of the total back-ground.

6 Systematic uncertainties

The total systematic uncertainty on the expected back-ground in the combined flavour channel (the sum of ee, eµ and µµ events) is 9.8%, and is dominated by the

un-ee eµ µµ all t¯t 44 ± 4 ± 5 139 ± 7 ± 22 111 ± 8 ± 10 293 ± 12 ± 34 Z/γ∗_+jets 5 ± 1 ± 2 23 ± 2 ± 8 48 ± 16 ± 27 76 ± 16 ± 27 Single top 3 ± 0.5 ± 1 12 ± 1 ± 2 12 ± 1 ± 2 28 ± 2 ± 5 W +jets 3 ± 3 ± 3 5 ± 2 ± 1 6 ± 2 ± 1 13 ± 3 ± 3 Diboson 4 ± 0.4 ± 0.5 9 ± 0.7 ± 2 10 ± 0.7 ± 1 22 ± 1 ± 3 Multijet 2.9+3.2−2.9 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 1.4 ± 0.3 3.0 ± 2.8 ± 0.3 8.0 ± 3.7 ± 2.3 Total 61 ± 6 ± 6 189 ± 8 ± 21 190 ± 19 ± 31 440 ± 21 ± 43 Data 48 188 195 431

σvis (exp. limit) [fb] 4.9 11.1 16.2 22.0

σvis (obs. limit) [fb] 3.3 10.9 16.9 21.0

(mt˜1,mχ˜ 0 1)= (112, 55) GeV 44.1 ± 4.8 137 ± 8 140 ± 8 322 ± 13 (mt˜1,mχ˜ 0 1)= (160, 55) GeV 8.8 ± 1.5 31.4 ± 2.7 36.5 ± 2.9 76.6 ± 4.3

Table 2. The expected and observed numbers of events in the signal region for each flavour channel. In the combined flavour column (“all”), the statistical uncertainty (first uncertainty quoted, includes the MC and data statistical errors) on the various background estimates have each been added in quadrature whilst the systematic uncertainties (second uncertainty quoted) have been combined taking into account the correlations between background sources. Observed and expected upper limits at 95%

confidence level on the visible cross-section σvis= σ × A × ǫ are also shown.

The expected signal yields and statistical uncertainties on the yields are quoted for the two mass points illustrated in the figures.

certainties on the two largest backgrounds (dileptonic t¯t

and Z+jet events). The largest source of systematic

un-certainty on the t¯t background evaluation is the

uncer-tainty on the jet energy scale (JES), with smaller con-tributions coming from the jet energy resolution (JER) uncertainty [43], the theory and MC modelling uncertain-ties (using the prescriptions described in Ref. [47]), the systematic uncertainties on the b-tagging efficiency [46], and the uncertainty arising from the limited numbers of MC and data events. Uncertainties [44, 48, 49] in lepton reconstruction and identification (momentum and energy scales, resolutions and efficiencies) give smaller contribu-tions.

The primary source of uncertainty on the Z/γ∗_+jets

background estimate in the combined flavour channel is the jet energy resolution uncertainty, with smaller contri-butions coming from the statistical and jet energy scale

uncertainties. Theoretical uncertainties on the Z/γ∗_+jets

background are investigated by varying the PDF and renor-malisation scales. An uncertainty on the luminosity of 3.9% [50,51] is included in the systematic uncertainty cal-culation for backgrounds taken directly from the MC sim-ulation. The dominant uncertainties on these backgrounds are the jet energy scale and statistical uncertainties. The systematic uncertainty on the multijet yield is obtained by varying the range in which the template fit is performed, and using the maximum deviation of the final yield to assign the uncertainty.

In the considered mχ˜0

1–m˜t1 mass plane the

theoreti-cal uncertainty on each of the signal cross-sections is ap-proximately 16%. These arise from considering the cross-section envelope defined using the 68% C.L. ranges of the CTEQ6.6 and MSTW 2008 NLO PDF sets, and indepen-dent variations of the factorisation and renormalisation scales (see Section 3). Further uncertainties on the

num-bers of predicted signal events arise from the JES uncer-tainty (7–15%), the JER unceruncer-tainty (1–7%), the luminos-ity uncertainty (3.9%), the uncertainties on calorimeter

energy clusters used to calculate Emiss

T (2–6%), the

statis-tical uncertainty from finite MC event samples (4–20%) and smaller contributions from uncertainties on lepton re-construction and identification, where the quoted ranges display the maximum variation observed using all signal models considered in this analysis.

7 Results and interpretation

Table 2 shows the data observations in the signal regions in each flavour channel, and in the combined flavour channel, along with the evaluated background contributions. Good agreement is observed across all channels, and the absence of evidence for light scalar top production allows a limit to be set on the visible cross-section for non-SM physics,

σvis= σ × ǫ × A, for which this analysis has an efficiency

ǫ and acceptance A. The limits are calculated using the modified frequentist CLs prescription [52] by comparing the number of observed events in data with the SM and SM-plus-signal expectations.

All systematic uncertainties and their correlations are taken into account via nuisance parameters using a pro-file likelihood technique [53]. In Fig. 1, the leading lepton

pTdistributions in the ee and µµ channels are illustrated

along with the Emiss

T and E

miss,sig

T distributions of the data

and simulated events in the signal region (with the back-ground normalisations set to their nominal values).

The observed data yield is in good agreement with the SM prediction in the combined flavour channel given in Table 2.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Entries / 10 GeV -1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 = 7 TeV) s Data 2011 ( Standard Model t t

Single top, dibosons, W+jets *+jets γ Z/ )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=112 GeV, m( t ~ m( )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=160 GeV, m( t ~ m( ATLAS -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

ee channel [GeV] T leading e p 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Data/SM 0.5₀ 1 1.5 2 >300 (a) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Entries / 10 GeV -1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 Data 2011 (s = 7 TeV) Standard Model t t

Single top, dibosons, W+jets *+jets γ Z/ )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=112 GeV, m( t ~ m( )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=160 GeV, m( t ~ m( ATLAS -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

channel µ µ [GeV] T p µ leading 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Data/SM 0.5₀ 1 1.5 2 >300 (b) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Entries / 20 GeV -1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 = 7 TeV) s Data 2011 ( Standard Model t t

Single top, dibosons, W+jets *+jets γ Z/ )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=112 GeV, m( t ~ m( )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=160 GeV, m( t ~ m( ATLAS -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

all channels [GeV] T miss E 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Data/SM 0 0.51 1.52 (c) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1/2 Entries / 0.5 GeV -1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 = 7 TeV) s Data 2011 ( Standard Model t t

Single top, dibosons, W+jets *+jets γ Z/ )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=112 GeV, m( t ~ m( )=55 GeV 1 0 χ∼ )=160 GeV, m( t ~ m( ATLAS -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

all channels ] 1/2 [GeV T miss,sig. E 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Data/SM 0 0.51 1.52 >15 (d)

Fig. 1. The leading electron and muon pTdistributions in the same flavour (a) ee and (b) µµ channels, before the requirement on

the leading lepton pT(which is marked by the dashed vertical line), and (c) the ETmissdistribution and (d)E

miss,sig

T distribution

after all signal region requirements. The data and evaluated background components are shown. The hashed band indicates the total experimental uncertainty on the expectation. The dashed lines give the expectations for signal models with stop masses of 112 GeV and 160 GeV, and a neutralino mass of 55 GeV. The last histogram bins in (a) and (b) include the integrals of all

events with pT> 300 GeV. The final bin in (d) includes all events with an ETmiss,sig of at least 15 GeV

1/2_{. The bottom panels}

show the ratio of the data to the expected background (points) and the systematic uncertainty on the background (hashed area).

The results in the combined channel are used to place exclusions at 95% confidence level in the m˜t1–mχ˜01 mass

plane, using the CLs method. The resulting 95% confi-dence level expected (dashed) and observed (solid) lim-its are shown in Figure 2. Neutralino masses down to 1 GeV are considered, since there is no LEP limit on the neutralino mass in the MSSM for the case that the light-est neutralino is predominantly bino in nature. A bino-dominated lightest neutralino is favoured by the recent LHC Higgs search results.

The observed limits represent a significant extension of the CDF limit [16] for a chargino mass of 106 GeV

to smaller chargino minus neutralino mass difference (the ATLAS limit extends up to a neutralino mass of 70 GeV for a stop mass of 130 GeV, whilst the CDF limit extends up to a neutralino mass of 46 GeV).

The limit on the stop mass for neutralino masses of 45 GeV (135 GeV) is comparable to the equivalent CDF limit. Increasing the chargino mass by 15 GeV leads to a modest shift of the exclusion limit to higher values of the neutralino mass, with the reach in stop mass being en-hanced to a lesser degree due to the falling stop production

cross-section. For example, for a model with m˜t1 = 130

GeV, m_χ˜±

1 = 120 GeV and mχ˜

0

[GeV] 1 t ~ m 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 [GeV] 1 0 χ∼ m 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ATLAS = 7 TeV s , -1 L dt = 4.7 fb

∫

) = 100% 1 ± χ∼ b → t ~ BR( ) = 106 GeV 1 ± χ∼ m( ) theory SUSY σ 1 ± Observed limit ( ) exp σ 1 ± Expected limit ( CDF 95% Exclusion All limits at 95% CL

Fig. 2. 95% exclusion limit in the m˜t1–mχ˜0

1 mass plane, with

m_χ˜± 1

=106 GeV. The dashed and solid lines show the 95% C.L. expected and observed limits, respectively, including all tainties except for the theoretical signal cross-section uncer-tainty (PDF and scale). The band around the expected limit shows the ±1σ result. The dotted ±1σ lines around the ob-served limit represent the results obtained when moving the nominal signal cross-section up or down by the theoretical un-certainty. Illustrated also is the region excluded at the 95% C.L. by CDF [16], where the lowest neutralino mass considered was 44 GeV, indicated by the horizontal dotted line.

A × ǫ (0.032%) is slightly higher than for the equivalent model with m_χ˜±

1 = 106 GeV (0.026%).

8 Conclusions

A search for light top squarks has been performed in the dilepton final state. SM backgrounds have been evaluated using a combination of data-driven techniques and MC simulation. Good agreement is observed between data and the SM prediction in all three flavour channels. The results are interpreted in the mt˜1–mχ˜01 plane with the chargino

mass set to 106 GeV, and with the assumption that the decay ˜t1→ b ˜χ±1 occurs 100% of the time, followed by

de-cay via a virtual W ( ˜χ± 1 → W

∗_χ˜0

1) with an 11% branching

ratio (per flavour channel) to decay leptonically. A lower limit at 95% confidence level is set on the stop mass in this plane using the combined flavour channel. This ex-cludes stop masses up to 130 GeV (for neutralino masses between 1 GeV and 70 GeV). This limit exceeds that set by the CDF Collaboration for the same scenario [16].

9 Acknowledgements

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.

We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colom-bia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Repub-lic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Fed-eration; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG part-ners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Nether-lands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

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T. Costin30_{, D. Cˆot´e}29_{, L. Courneyea}168_{, G. Cowan}75_{, C. Cowden}27_{, B.E. Cox}81_{, K. Cranmer}107_,

F. Crescioli121a,121b_{, M. Cristinziani}20_{, G. Crosetti}36a,36b_{, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin}54_{, C.-M. Cuciuc}25a_,

C. Cuenca Almenar175_{, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann}138_{, M. Curatolo}46_{, C.J. Curtis}17_{, C. Cuthbert}149_{, P. Cwetanski}59_,

H. Czirr140_{, P. Czodrowski}43_{, Z. Czyczula}175_{, S. D’Auria}52_{, M. D’Onofrio}72_{, A. D’Orazio}131a,131b_,

M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa123a_{, C. Da Via}81_{, W. Dabrowski}37_{, A. Dafinca}117_{, T. Dai}86_{, C. Dallapiccola}83_,

M. Dam35_{, M. Dameri}49a,49b_{, D.S. Damiani}136_{, H.O. Danielsson}29_{, V. Dao}48_{, G. Darbo}49a_{, G.L. Darlea}25b_,

J.A. Dassoulas41_{, W. Davey}20_{, T. Davidek}125_{, N. Davidson}85_{, R. Davidson}70_{, E. Davies}117,c_{, M. Davies}92_,

O. Davignon77_{, A.R. Davison}76_{, Y. Davygora}57a_{, E. Dawe}141_{, I. Dawson}138_{, R.K. Daya-Ishmukhametova}22_{, K. De}7_,

R. de Asmundis101a_{, S. De Castro}19a,19b_{, S. De Cecco}77_{, J. de Graat}97_{, N. De Groot}103_{, P. de Jong}104_,

C. De La Taille114_{, H. De la Torre}79_{, F. De Lorenzi}62_{, L. de Mora}70_{, L. De Nooij}104_{, D. De Pedis}131a_,

A. De Salvo131a_{, U. De Sanctis}163a,163c_{, A. De Santo}148_{, J.B. De Vivie De Regie}114_{, G. De Zorzi}131a,131b_,

W.J. Dearnaley70_{, R. Debbe}24_{, C. Debenedetti}45_{, B. Dechenaux}54_{, D.V. Dedovich}63_{, J. Degenhardt}119_,

C. Del Papa163a,163c_{, J. Del Peso}79_{, T. Del Prete}121a,121b_{, T. Delemontex}54_{, M. Deliyergiyev}73_{, A. Dell’Acqua}29_,

L. Dell’Asta21_{, M. Della Pietra}101a,j_{, D. della Volpe}101a,101b_{, M. Delmastro}4_{, P.A. Delsart}54_{, C. Deluca}104_,

S. Demers175_{, M. Demichev}63_{, B. Demirkoz}11,l_{, J. Deng}162_{, S.P. Denisov}127_{, D. Derendarz}38_{, J.E. Derkaoui}134d_,

F. Derue77_{, P. Dervan}72_{, K. Desch}20_{, E. Devetak}147_{, P.O. Deviveiros}104_{, A. Dewhurst}128_{, B. DeWilde}147_,

S. Dhaliwal157_{, R. Dhullipudi}24 ,m_{, A. Di Ciaccio}132a,132b_{, L. Di Ciaccio}4_{, A. Di Girolamo}29_{, B. Di Girolamo}29_,

S. Di Luise133a,133b_{, A. Di Mattia}172_{, B. Di Micco}29_{, R. Di Nardo}46_{, A. Di Simone}132a,132b_{, R. Di Sipio}19a,19b_,

M.A. Diaz31a_{, E.B. Diehl}86_{, J. Dietrich}41_{, T.A. Dietzsch}57a_{, S. Diglio}85_{, K. Dindar Yagci}39_{, J. Dingfelder}20_,

F. Dinut25a_{, C. Dionisi}131a,131b_{, P. Dita}25a_{, S. Dita}25a_{, F. Dittus}29_{, F. Djama}82_{, T. Djobava}50b_{, M.A.B. do Vale}23c_,

A. Do Valle Wemans123a,n_{, T.K.O. Doan}4_{, M. Dobbs}84_{, R. Dobinson}29,∗_{, D. Dobos}29_{, E. Dobson}29,o_{, J. Dodd}34_,

C. Doglioni48_{, T. Doherty}52_{, Y. Doi}64,∗_{, J. Dolejsi}125_{, I. Dolenc}73_{, Z. Dolezal}125_{, B.A. Dolgoshein}95,∗_{, T. Dohmae}154_,

M. Donadelli23d_{, J. Donini}33_{, J. Dopke}29_{, A. Doria}101a_{, A. Dos Anjos}172_{, A. Dotti}121a,121b_{, M.T. Dova}69_,

A.D. Doxiadis104_{, A.T. Doyle}52_{, N. Dressnandt}119_{, M. Dris}9_{, J. Dubbert}98_{, S. Dube}14_{, E. Duchovni}171_{, G. Duckeck}97_,

A. Dudarev29_{, F. Dudziak}62_{, M. D¨uhrssen}29_{, I.P. Duerdoth}81_{, L. Duflot}114_{, M-A. Dufour}84_{, L. Duguid}75_,

M. Dunford29_{, H. Duran Yildiz}3a_{, R. Duxfield}138_{, M. Dwuznik}37_{, F. Dydak}29_{, M. D¨uren}51_{, W.L. Ebenstein}44_,

J. Ebke97_{, S. Eckweiler}80_{, K. Edmonds}80_{, W. Edson}1_{, C.A. Edwards}75_{, N.C. Edwards}52_{, W. Ehrenfeld}41_,

T. Eifert142_{, G. Eigen}13_{, K. Einsweiler}14_{, E. Eisenhandler}74_{, T. Ekelof}165_{, M. El Kacimi}134c_{, M. Ellert}165_{, S. Elles}4_,

F. Ellinghaus80_{, K. Ellis}74_{, N. Ellis}29_{, J. Elmsheuser}97_{, M. Elsing}29_{, D. Emeliyanov}128_{, R. Engelmann}147_{, A. Engl}97_,

B. Epp60, J. Erdmann53, A. Ereditato16, D. Eriksson145a, J. Ernst1, M. Ernst24, J. Ernwein135, D. Errede164, S. Errede164_{, E. Ertel}80_{, M. Escalier}114_{, H. Esch}42_{, C. Escobar}122_{, X. Espinal Curull}11_{, B. Esposito}46_{, F. Etienne}82_,

A.I. Etienvre135_{, E. Etzion}152_{, D. Evangelakou}53_{, H. Evans}59_{, L. Fabbri}19a,19b_{, C. Fabre}29_{, R.M. Fakhrutdinov}127_,

S. Falciano131a_{, Y. Fang}172_{, M. Fanti}88a,88b_{, A. Farbin}7_{, A. Farilla}133a_{, J. Farley}147_{, T. Farooque}157_{, S. Farrell}162_,

S.M. Farrington169_{, P. Farthouat}29_{, P. Fassnacht}29_{, D. Fassouliotis}8_{, B. Fatholahzadeh}157_{, A. Favareto}88a,88b_,

L. Fayard114, S. Fazio36a,36b, R. Febbraro33, P. Federic143a, O.L. Fedin120, W. Fedorko87, M. Fehling-Kaschek47, L. Feligioni82_{, D. Fellmann}5_{, C. Feng}32d_{, E.J. Feng}5_{, A.B. Fenyuk}127_{, J. Ferencei}143b_{, W. Fernando}5_{, S. Ferrag}52_,

J. Ferrando52_{, V. Ferrara}41_{, A. Ferrari}165_{, P. Ferrari}104_{, R. Ferrari}118a_{, D.E. Ferreira de Lima}52_{, A. Ferrer}166_,

D. Ferrere48_{, C. Ferretti}86_{, A. Ferretto Parodi}49a,49b_{, M. Fiascaris}30_{, F. Fiedler}80_{, A. Filipˇciˇc}73_{, F. Filthaut}103_,

M. Fincke-Keeler168_{, M.C.N. Fiolhais}123a,h_{, L. Fiorini}166_{, A. Firan}39_{, G. Fischer}41_{, M.J. Fisher}108_{, M. Flechl}47_,

M.J. Flowerdew98_{, T. Fonseca Martin}16_{, A. Formica}135_{, A. Forti}81_{, D. Fortin}158a_{, D. Fournier}114_{, A.J. Fowler}44_,

H. Fox70, P. Francavilla11, M. Franchini19a,19b, S. Franchino118a,118b, D. Francis29, T. Frank171, S. Franz29, M. Fraternali118a,118b_{, S. Fratina}119_{, S.T. French}27_{, C. Friedrich}41_{, F. Friedrich}43_{, R. Froeschl}29_{, D. Froidevaux}29_,

J.A. Frost27_{, C. Fukunaga}155_{, E. Fullana Torregrosa}29_{, B.G. Fulsom}142_{, J. Fuster}166_{, C. Gabaldon}29_{, O. Gabizon}171_,

T. Gadfort24_{, S. Gadomski}48_{, G. Gagliardi}49a,49b_{, P. Gagnon}59_{, C. Galea}97_{, E.J. Gallas}117_{, V. Gallo}16_,

B.J. Gallop128_{, P. Gallus}124_{, K.K. Gan}108_{, Y.S. Gao}142,e_{, A. Gaponenko}14_{, F. Garberson}175_{, M. Garcia-Sciveres}14_,

C. Garc´ıa166_{, J.E. Garc´ıa Navarro}166_{, R.W. Gardner}30_{, N. Garelli}29_{, H. Garitaonandia}104_{, V. Garonne}29_,

J. Garvey17_{, C. Gatti}46_{, G. Gaudio}118a_{, B. Gaur}140_{, L. Gauthier}135_{, P. Gauzzi}131a,131b_{, I.L. Gavrilenko}93_{, C. Gay}167_,

G. Gaycken20_{, E.N. Gazis}9_{, P. Ge}32d_{, Z. Gecse}167_{, C.N.P. Gee}128_{, D.A.A. Geerts}104_{, Ch. Geich-Gimbel}20_,

K. Gellerstedt145a,145b_{, C. Gemme}49a_{, A. Gemmell}52_{, M.H. Genest}54_{, S. Gentile}131a,131b_{, M. George}53_{, S. George}75_,

P. Gerlach174, A. Gershon152, C. Geweniger57a, H. Ghazlane134b, N. Ghodbane33, B. Giacobbe19a, S. Giagu131a,131b,

V. Giakoumopoulou8_{, V. Giangiobbe}11_{, F. Gianotti}29_{, B. Gibbard}24_{, A. Gibson}157_{, S.M. Gibson}29_{, D. Gillberg}28_,

A.R. Gillman128_{, D.M. Gingrich}2,d_{, J. Ginzburg}152_{, N. Giokaris}8_{, M.P. Giordani}163c_{, R. Giordano}101a,101b_,

F.M. Giorgi15_{, P. Giovannini}98_{, P.F. Giraud}135_{, D. Giugni}88a_{, M. Giunta}92_{, P. Giusti}19a_{, B.K. Gjelsten}116_,

L.K. Gladilin96_{, C. Glasman}79_{, J. Glatzer}47_{, A. Glazov}41_{, K.W. Glitza}174_{, G.L. Glonti}63_{, J.R. Goddard}74_,

J. Godfrey141_{, J. Godlewski}29_{, M. Goebel}41_{, T. G¨opfert}43_{, C. Goeringer}80_{, C. G¨ossling}42_{, S. Goldfarb}86_,

T. Golling175_{, A. Gomes}123a,b_{, L.S. Gomez Fajardo}41_{, R. Gon¸calo}75_{, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa}41_,

L. Gonella20_{, S. Gonzalez}172_{, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz}166_{, G. Gonzalez Parra}11_{, M.L. Gonzalez Silva}26_,

S. Gonzalez-Sevilla48_{, J.J. Goodson}147_{, L. Goossens}29_{, P.A. Gorbounov}94_{, H.A. Gordon}24_{, I. Gorelov}102_,

G. Gorfine174_{, B. Gorini}29_{, E. Gorini}71a,71b_{, A. Goriˇsek}73_{, E. Gornicki}38_{, B. Gosdzik}41_{, A.T. Goshaw}5_,

M. Gosselink104_{, M.I. Gostkin}63_{, I. Gough Eschrich}162_{, M. Gouighri}134a_{, D. Goujdami}134c_{, M.P. Goulette}48_,

A.G. Goussiou137_{, C. Goy}4_{, S. Gozpinar}22_{, I. Grabowska-Bold}37_{, P. Grafstr¨om}19a,19b_{, K-J. Grahn}41_,

F. Grancagnolo71a_{, S. Grancagnolo}15_{, V. Grassi}147_{, V. Gratchev}120_{, N. Grau}34_{, H.M. Gray}29_{, J.A. Gray}147_,

E. Graziani133a_{, O.G. Grebenyuk}120_{, T. Greenshaw}72_{, Z.D. Greenwood}24,m_{, K. Gregersen}35_{, I.M. Gregor}41_,

P. Grenier142_{, J. Griffiths}137_{, N. Grigalashvili}63_{, A.A. Grillo}136_{, S. Grinstein}11_{, Y.V. Grishkevich}96_{, J.-F. Grivaz}114_,

E. Gross171_{, J. Grosse-Knetter}53_{, J. Groth-Jensen}171_{, K. Grybel}140_{, D. Guest}175_{, C. Guicheney}33_{, S. Guindon}53_,

U. Gul52_{, H. Guler}84,p_{, J. Gunther}124_{, B. Guo}157_{, J. Guo}34_{, P. Gutierrez}110_{, N. Guttman}152_{, O. Gutzwiller}172_,

C. Guyot135_{, C. Gwenlan}117_{, C.B. Gwilliam}72_{, A. Haas}142_{, S. Haas}29_{, C. Haber}14_{, H.K. Hadavand}39_{, D.R. Hadley}17_,

P. Haefner20_{, F. Hahn}29_{, S. Haider}29_{, Z. Hajduk}38_{, H. Hakobyan}176_{, D. Hall}117_{, J. Haller}53_{, K. Hamacher}174_,

P. Hamal112_{, M. Hamer}53_{, A. Hamilton}144b,q_{, S. Hamilton}160_{, L. Han}32b_{, K. Hanagaki}115_{, K. Hanawa}159_,

M. Hance14_{, C. Handel}80_{, P. Hanke}57a_{, J.R. Hansen}35_{, J.B. Hansen}35_{, J.D. Hansen}35_{, P.H. Hansen}35_{, P. Hansson}142_,

K. Hara159_{, G.A. Hare}136_{, T. Harenberg}174_{, S. Harkusha}89_{, D. Harper}86_{, R.D. Harrington}45_{, O.M. Harris}137_,

J. Hartert47_{, F. Hartjes}104_{, T. Haruyama}64_{, A. Harvey}55_{, S. Hasegawa}100_{, Y. Hasegawa}139_{, S. Hassani}135_{, S. Haug}16_,

M. Hauschild29_{, R. Hauser}87_{, M. Havranek}20_{, C.M. Hawkes}17_{, R.J. Hawkings}29_{, A.D. Hawkins}78_{, D. Hawkins}162_,

T. Hayakawa65_{, T. Hayashi}159_{, D. Hayden}75_{, C.P. Hays}117_{, H.S. Hayward}72_{, S.J. Haywood}128_{, M. He}32d_,

S.J. Head17_{, V. Hedberg}78_{, L. Heelan}7_{, S. Heim}87_{, B. Heinemann}14_{, S. Heisterkamp}35_{, L. Helary}21_{, C. Heller}97_,

M. Heller29_{, S. Hellman}145a,145b_{, D. Hellmich}20_{, C. Helsens}11_{, R.C.W. Henderson}70_{, M. Henke}57a_{, A. Henrichs}53_,

A.M. Henriques Correia29_{, S. Henrot-Versille}114_{, C. Hensel}53_{, T. Henß}174_{, C.M. Hernandez}7_{, Y. Hern´andez}

Jim´enez166_{, R. Herrberg}15_{, G. Herten}47_{, R. Hertenberger}97_{, L. Hervas}29_{, G.G. Hesketh}76_{, N.P. Hessey}104_,

E. Hig´on-Rodriguez166_{, J.C. Hill}27_{, K.H. Hiller}41_{, S. Hillert}20_{, S.J. Hillier}17_{, I. Hinchliffe}14_{, E. Hines}119_{, M. Hirose}115_,

F. Hirsch42_{, D. Hirschbuehl}174_{, J. Hobbs}147_{, N. Hod}152_{, M.C. Hodgkinson}138_{, P. Hodgson}138_{, A. Hoecker}29_,

M.R. Hoeferkamp102_{, J. Hoffman}39_{, D. Hoffmann}82_{, M. Hohlfeld}80_{, M. Holder}140_{, S.O. Holmgren}145a_{, T. Holy}126_,

J.L. Holzbauer87_{, T.M. Hong}119_{, L. Hooft van Huysduynen}107_{, C. Horn}142_{, S. Horner}47_{, J-Y. Hostachy}54_{, S. Hou}150_,

A. Hoummada134a_{, J. Howard}117_{, J. Howarth}81_{, I. Hristova}15_{, J. Hrivnac}114_{, T. Hryn’ova}4_{, P.J. Hsu}80_{, S.-C. Hsu}14_,

Z. Hubacek126_{, F. Hubaut}82_{, F. Huegging}20_{, A. Huettmann}41_{, T.B. Huffman}117_{, E.W. Hughes}34_{, G. Hughes}70_,

M. Huhtinen29_{, M. Hurwitz}14_{, U. Husemann}41_{, N. Huseynov}63,r_{, J. Huston}87_{, J. Huth}56_{, G. Iacobucci}48_,

G. Iakovidis9_{, M. Ibbotson}81_{, I. Ibragimov}140_{, L. Iconomidou-Fayard}114_{, J. Idarraga}114_{, P. Iengo}101a_{, O. Igonkina}104_,

Y. Ikegami64_{, M. Ikeno}64_{, D. Iliadis}153_{, N. Ilic}157_{, T. Ince}20_{, J. Inigo-Golfin}29_{, P. Ioannou}8_{, M. Iodice}133a_,

K. Iordanidou8, V. Ippolito131a,131b, A. Irles Quiles166, C. Isaksson165, M. Ishino66, M. Ishitsuka156,

R. Ishmukhametov39_{, C. Issever}117_{, S. Istin}18a_{, A.V. Ivashin}127_{, W. Iwanski}38_{, H. Iwasaki}64_{, J.M. Izen}40_{, V. Izzo}101a_,

B. Jackson119_{, J.N. Jackson}72_{, P. Jackson}142_{, M.R. Jaekel}29_{, V. Jain}59_{, K. Jakobs}47_{, S. Jakobsen}35_{, T. Jakoubek}124_,

J. Jakubek126_{, D.K. Jana}110_{, E. Jansen}76_{, H. Jansen}29_{, A. Jantsch}98_{, M. Janus}47_{, G. Jarlskog}78_{, L. Jeanty}56_,

I. Jen-La Plante30_{, D. Jennens}85_{, P. Jenni}29_{, P. Jeˇz}35_{, S. J´ez´equel}4_{, M.K. Jha}19a_{, H. Ji}172_{, W. Ji}80_{, J. Jia}147_,

Y. Jiang32b, M. Jimenez Belenguer41, S. Jin32a, O. Jinnouchi156, M.D. Joergensen35, D. Joffe39, M. Johansen145a,145b, K.E. Johansson145a_{, P. Johansson}138_{, S. Johnert}41_{, K.A. Johns}6_{, K. Jon-And}145a,145b_{, G. Jones}169_{, R.W.L. Jones}70_,

T.J. Jones72_{, C. Joram}29_{, P.M. Jorge}123a_{, K.D. Joshi}81_{, J. Jovicevic}146_{, T. Jovin}12b_{, X. Ju}172_{, C.A. Jung}42_,

R.M. Jungst29_{, V. Juranek}124_{, P. Jussel}60_{, A. Juste Rozas}11_{, S. Kabana}16_{, M. Kaci}166_{, A. Kaczmarska}38_,

P. Kadlecik35_{, M. Kado}114_{, H. Kagan}108_{, M. Kagan}56_{, E. Kajomovitz}151_{, S. Kalinin}174_{, L.V. Kalinovskaya}63_,