Invited Presentation - BIM, what, why and how?

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Invited Presentation - BIM, what, why and how?

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BIM: What, Why and How

John Dickinson, P. Eng., Ph.D.

[email protected]

Centre for Computer-assisted Construction Technologies

Institute for Research in Construction

National Research Council Canada

NRC-CCCT



Increasing productivity of the construction

life-cycle through applied technology

• Computational tools to aid design,

implementation & management of built resources

• Advanced visualization and training techniques

• Decision support tools

• Digital knowledge & information management

• Tools and practices to improve the efficiency of

the construction supply-chain

2 John Dickinson - BIM: What, Why and How?

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Presentation Outline



What is BIM?

• Why care?

• Intent or promise

• Definitions

• Game Changer



BIM @ work

• Profession(al)s

• Bottom Line

• Organisations



BIM and You



Standards



Products



Steps



Support

Construct Canada 2010

WHAT IS BIM?

Why care?

BIM Intent or Promise

BIM Definitions

Game Changer

(4)

Why Care?

Lost Money

2004 NIST report

(Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in

the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry)



$15.8B/y lost due to poor interoperability

• 1-

2% industry’s revenue



2/3 during operations and maintenance phase

http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/publications/gcrs/04867.pdf

The Promise:

Interoperability

http://inside-the-system.typepad.com/my_weblog/bim_discussions/ 8 John Dickinson - BIM: What, Why and How?

(5)

BIM Standards

Organisations

• principal product is the National BIM Standard (NBIMS)

BIM Definition

A Building Information Model (BIM) is:



a digital representation of physical and functional

characteristics and relationships



a lifecycle information collection point



for collaboration by different stakeholders at different

phases



focused on saving resources

• time, money, materials



founded on open standards for interoperability

http://www.buildingsmartalliance.org/index.php/nbims/about/

(6)

CAD vs. BIM



2D or 3D



Lines



Layers if done

properly



Robust exchange

standards



No standard way of

adding contextual



3D or more



Well-defined

collection of

facility data



Machine

interpretable



Traceability,

ownership

BIM Lifecycle View

http://www.jotne.com/project-information-owners.442302-79297.html

(7)

Building Information

Modeling



What it isn’t:

• Formalised process



What it is:

• Using BIM for

Communication,

Collaboration

and Data Reuse

• For all aspects of a facility

• Over entire life-cycle of a facility

Autodesk (c)

Create, Use and Maintain BIM

Potential for Game

Changer

Communication, Collaboration, Coordination



Avoid late changes

• Miss-understandings, miss-communications, unforeseen consequences



Better solutions

• No missed-opportunities, multi-disciplinary approaches, mutual

understanding and consensus



Faster



More for the money



Better

• Less errors/clashes,

• Correct materials/tools/people at

correct time,

• Offsite work, prefab assemblies

http://www.cenews.com/magazine-article-cenews.com-october-2008-what_does_bim_mean_for_civil_engineers_-6098.html

(8)

BIM @ WORK

Profession(al)s Adopting/Using BIM

Bottom Line

Organisations Backing/Using BIM

Conception



Design Visualisation

• Architects

• Interior Decorators

• Industrial Designers

• Real Estate

• Commercial Property

Managers

• Functional Analysis

Construct Canada 2010 h ttp :// m y. o p e ra .co m /ki e n tru cvn /a lb u m s/ sh o w p ic. d m l? a lb u m = 7 2 4 0 1 2 & p ict u re =9 7 7 9 6 6 2

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(9)

Facility Appearance

- Visualisation

Geographical Rendering and Neighbourhood Impact

Interior Rendering and Walk through

Walkthrough Example

(10)

Bottom Line

– Architects, Engineers



3 months training

• -50% productivity during, +25% after



Donald Powers Architects

• +30% productivity in design and documentation,

• -50% in RFIs during construction



Aldar Headquarters, UAE

• 20% savings in detailing

http://static.ziftsolutions.com/files/8a7c9fef2693aa1e0126d282571c02c7

http://www.tekla.com/uk/about-us/news/pages/william-hare-bim-project.aspx

Engineering

- Green/LEED/Sustainable

Orientation Optimization

Energy Analysis

(11)

Engineering

- Systems & Structure

Source: RISA Technologies

http://www.bimoutsourcing.com/hvac-service.htm

http://www.pmengineer.com/ Articles/Cover_Story/2009/0 2/01/The-Benefits-of-BIM-in-Plumbing-Design

Analysis Simulations

(12)

General Contractors



Constructability

– clashes before workers onsite



Bid

– 3D-4D visualization process



Scheduling

– planning, slippage



Materials / Supplies



Coordination meetings



Progress tracking



Off-site fabrication

– ease yard management



_{Reduced RFI’s – models vs. drawings}

Bottom Line

– GC



Partial VDC project



Vs. benchmark projects



50% RFIs



Per-RFI cost 1/5

th



Over-runs costs 1/15

th

_typical



Project completed months ahead schedule

• Benchmarks months delayed

http://www.tpm.com/component/content/article/1-latest-news/513-how-bim-is-being-utilized-by-general-contractors-and-its-benefits-a-general-contractor

(13)

Accurate Cost Estimating

http://www.cadalyst.com/aec/army-corps-drawn-bim-design-3764

Quantity take-offs, dimensional measurements

General Contractor



Workface planning, scheduling, coordination

• General Contractors

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE_zYiltsAw

http://www.cadalyst.com/aec/bim-and-project-planning-1-2-3-revit-tutorial-3520

(14)

Sub-Contractors



Bidding

• 3D visual models

– physical layouts

• COBie models

– spreadsheet specs

• Digital quantity take-offs, measurements

• Equipment specs



Deliverables

• Digital paperwork

– COBie



Bottom Line

• Will become a necessity

• Make it a business advantage

Facility Performance

Consummation Variation on a year

4,000.00 4,500.00 5,000.00 5,500.00 6,000.00 6,500.00 7,000.00 7,500.00 8,000.00 8,500.00 9,000.00 J a n J a n J a n J a n J a n F e b F e b F e b F e b M a r M a r M a r M a r A p r A p r A p r A p r A p r M a y M a y M a y M a y J u n J u n J u n J u n Jul J u l J u l J u l J u l A u g A u g A u g A u g S e p S e p S e p S e p S e p O c t O c t O c t O c t N o v N o v N o v N o v D e c D e c D e c D e c D e c E n e rg y C o n s u m m a ti o n ( k Wh ) Average 2003 Average 2004 Average 2005 Average 2006 Average 2007

Energy analysis, comfort, controls automation

2

3

1

4 N

Daily Direct Radiation Average

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 5 10 15 20 Time (h) D ir e c t R a di a ti on ( k J /m 2 )

(15)

Early Canadian Industry

Adopters

Construct Canada 2010 John Dickinson - BIM: What, Why and How? 29



EllisDon



HIP Architects



RAIC



RCNA



Stantec



Halsall Associates



PCL Construction



PFLA Inc



DOWCO Group



... more

Organisations



American Institute of Architects



Associated General Contractors



General Services Administration



The FIATECH Consortium



Construction Specifications Institute



Canada/US Green Building Council



Canadian Construction Assoc.



Canada BIM Council



Steel Construction Institute

(16)

BIM AND YOU

Standards

BIM capable products

Steps: Tech, People, Processes

Support

Key Standards IFC



IFC

:

Industry Foundation Classes

• .ifc files

• Model View Definitions

– legal subsets of data

• Objects: basic building elements, spaces, ...

• Certification program

(17)

Interoperability at a

glance

– IFC



IFC

: Industry Foundation Classes (.ifc)

• Objects: spaces, basic building elements, ...

• Certification program

• Model View Definitions – legal subsets of data



Two common IFC2x3 model views:

• Coordination View

– design & construction

• Basic FM Hand Over – construction & operator

–

COBie:

Construction Operations Building information exchange

–

Spreadsheet based

– contractor/supplier editable

COBie2 Example

(18)

Interoperability

CIS/2.1 & gbXML



CIS/2.1

: CIMsteel Integration Standards

Release 2

• Steel Construction Institute

• Structural steelwork industry

• Detailing, analysis, analysis, …



gbXML

: green building XML

• Mostly for energy and comfort modelling packages

• Chunks facility into contiguous spaces

• Equipment

National Building

Information Modeling

Standard



http://www.wbdg.org/bim/nbi

ms.php



BIM Capability Maturity

Model



Version 1

– approach to

make the standard (2007)



Version 2

– standard (2011)

(19)

Specification’s Relevance

in Design-Bid-Build

Construct Canada 2010 IFC/Coordination View IFC/COBie View CIS/2.1 gbXML

Concept,

Design

Tender, Bid,

Procurement

Construction,

Commissioning

Operation,

Occupation

Depending on

involvement

Depending on

involvement

Interoperability

Specifications

Migrating to BIM

Long-term Plans

Successful cases of adoption of BIM included:

1. Metrics

↔ Goals

2. Plan (how to get there)

• partners, suppliers, contractors, tool providers

3. Tools and Training personnel

• People, process, (place,) and technology

(20)

BIM Capable Tools

All the major design suites packages:



Autodesk

– Revit



Bentley

– Microstation



Graphisoft

– ArchiCad



Most engineering tools, many quantity tools

If you are a smaller contractor / installer /

maintenance

– MS Excel

Picking BIM Capable

Tools



Ask your industry

association, colleagues



Be compatible: clients,

fellow trades, partners



Check the internet

• industry forums and

publications

• e.g. AECBytes,

Constructor

(21)

Resources



BIM Wiki http://bimwiki.com/



Georgia Tech

– Chuck Eastman, Director, Digital Building

Laboratory, http://bim.arch.gatech.edu/

• BIM Resources Link - interoperability, case studies



Associations: AIA, AGC, buildingSMART

Eastman et al.

Smith & Tardif

Jernigan

Key Points

• Exchange and collaborate with partners

• Avoid re-entry

BIM Interoperability

• People (capabilities)

• Process (maintain and use)

• Software (unfortunately)

Needs investment in

• Growing adoption

• Make it a selling point, not a loosing point

Sooner the better

(22)

NRC Construction:

Bringing Quality to the

Built Environment

(23)

IPD - Integrated Project

Delivery



“a project delivery approach that integrates

people, systems, business structures and

practices into a process that collaboratively

harnesses the talents and insights of all

participants to reduce waste and optimize

efficiency through all phases of design,

fabrication and construction

.” (AIA, 2007)



_{“is built on collaboration. As a result, it can}

only be successful if the participants share

and apply

common values and goals.”

Integrated Practice /

Integrated Project

Delivery (IP/IPD)



Supported by AIA and AGC



All about collaboration of a team from the very

beginning



New contract templates attempt to incentivise

collaboration



Multiple parties one agreement



Shared risks, compensation tied to team’s

performance

http://www.agc.org/cs/industry_topics/project_delivery

(24)

Traditional vs. IPD

Traditional Product Delivery

Integrated Product

Delivery

Fragmented, assembled on

“just-as-needed” or “minimum-necessary” basis,

strongly hierarchical, controlled

Teams

An integrated team entity composed

of key project stakeholders,

assembled early in the process, open,

collaborative

Linear, distinct, segregated; knowledge

gathered “just-as-needed;” information

hoarded; silos of knowledge and

expertise

Process

Concurrent and multi-level; early

contributions of knowledge and

expertise; information openly shared;

stakeholder trust and respect

Individually managed, transferred to the

greatest extent possible

Risk

Collectively managed, appropriately

shared

Individually pursued; minimum effort for

maximum return; (usually) first-cost

based

Compensation /

Reward

Team success tied to project success;

value-based

Paper-based, 2 dimensional; analog

_{Communications /}

Technology

Digitally based, virtual; Building

Information Modeling (3, 4 and 5

dimensional)

Encourage unilateral effort; allocate and

transfer risk; no sharing

Agreements

Encourage, foster, promote and

support multi-lateral open sharing and

collaboration; risk sharing

http://www.agc.org/galleries/projectd/IPD%20for%20Public%20and%20Private%20Owners.pdf