HAL Id: hal-02814387
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Submitted on 6 Jun 2020
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Variability of cell wall determinants of texture in an apple progeny
Didiana Galvez-Lopez, Bernard Quemener, Marie Francoise Devaux, Dominique Bertrand, Francois Laurens, Marc Lahaye
To cite this version:
Didiana Galvez-Lopez, Bernard Quemener, Marie Francoise Devaux, Dominique Bertrand, Francois
Laurens, et al.. Variability of cell wall determinants of texture in an apple progeny. 4. Isafruit
General Assembly, Oct 2009, Angers, France. �hal-02814387�
Results
Sensory analyses parameters showed big variations in the progeny stored for months and revealed that there were few mealy hybrids while firmness variation was well distributed (Fig. 1a). Penetrometry and compression data distributed homogenously (Fig. 1b & 1c). Histological results within the progeny showed that both cell mean size and proportion of intercellular spaces followed a normal distribution (Fig. 1d).
D. Gálvez-López
1,2, B. Quéméner
1, M.F. Devaux
1, D. Bertrand
1, F. Laurens
2, M. Lahaye
11
INRA Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Rue de la Géraudière, 44316 Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
2
INRA UMR Génétique et Horticulture, 42 Rue Georges Morel, 49071 Angers, Cedex Franc e.
Introduction
Apple texture relies on turgor, histology and cell wall chemistry. As a prerequisite in a study aiming at identifying genetic markers controlling these components, the variability of mechanical, histological and cell wall chemical characteristics was quantified in an apple progeny of 85 individuals.
Materials and methods
A progeny of 85 individuals was harvested in 2007 and stored for 2 months at 1.5 °C then analyzed.
- Sensory analyses parameters were scaled from 1 to 5 for firmness, crispness, juiciness, melting in the mouth, grains, fibers and mealiness, following the methods set up in the frame of the EU-Hidras project (Kouassi et al, 2009).
- Penetrometry and compression mechanical analyses were realized in order to collect the force, linear distance, dispersion standard, stress and others force data's (Camps et al., 2005).
- Histological analysis was done using macrovision acquisition system and image analysis for estimate Mean cell size, cellular spaces and size distribution (Devaux et al., 2008).
- Cell wall polysaccharides sugar composition was quantified by gas chromatography and by colorimetric methods uronic acid (Quemener et al., 2007) with previous contaminating starch measures by amylolysis (McCleary et al., 1997).
- Hemicelluloses fine structure was determinate by combining g l u c a n a s e d e g r a d a t i o n a n d M A L D I - T O F M S o f oligosaccharides produced (Quemener et al., 2007).
- Statistical analyses of the results were performed on MATLAB and R softwares.
Conclusion and Perspectives :
Cell wall pheno-/chemotyping data and instrumental measures of texture were compared to sensory evaluation of an apple progeny.
All parameters measured varied in the progeny. Compression and histology data were related to crunchiness and most likely reflected a dominant contribution of cellular turgor pressure on texture.
Further work will look for more specific cell wall contributions to apple texture.
The identification of genetic markers controlling texture components (QTL mapping) is underway.
Acknowledgements
• This publication was carried out with the financial support from the Commission of the European Communities (IsaFruit contract N° FP6-FOOD 016279-2), Directorate-General Research - Food Quality and Safety Programme. It does not necessarily reflect the Commission's views and in no way anticipates its future policy in this area. Its content is the sole responsibility of the publishers.
• CONACYT-MEXICO (Scholarship for PhD student: Gálvez-López D).
• INRA Angers-Nantes people: R Robic, M Lormeau, Ph Guerif, R Looten, S Daniel, MJ Crépeau, J Vigouroux, C Surlève, D Ropartz.
Fig. 1. Variability in sensory perception (a), instrumental texture measures (b & c) and histology (d).
a b
c d
Fig. 2. (a) Cell wall sugar contents (weight %), (b) major sugar content variability (% mol), (c) mean mass spectra of the cel wall glucanase hydrolysat, (d) variability in xyloglucan oligosaccharides proportions.
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
A1 25.3%
A 2 1 7
%
ComW1 ComMod1
ComW2 CompMod2
croquant fermete jus fondant grains
fibres farinosite
cell X791 meat
X967 X1085 X1163
X1247
X1435 X1451 X1477 X1597
X1613 X1639 Rha
Fuc Ara Xyl
Man Gal Glc UA
PenW1
PenMod1
PenMod2 PenW2
PenMFleshF
PC1 25%
PC2 17%
Fig. 3. First attempt in identifying pertinent variables related to texture:
Correlation circle from PCA of all data; PC1 and 2: components 1 and 2.
a b
c d
Variability of cell wall determinants of texture in an apple progeny
Biochemical results showed that cell wall was slightly richer in uronic acids than neutral sugars (Fig. 2a). High variation was observed for uronic acids in the progeny while other major sugar contents were homogenously distributed (Fig.
2b). The enzymatic fingerprints by mass spectrometry (Fig.
2c) showed a high variation in hemicelluloses fine structure for xyloglucans fragments (Fig. 2d).
Principal component analysis of all data (Fig. 3) showed a particular relationship between histological data, compression data and crunchy (¨croquant¨) perception.
Ref.: Camps et al. (2005) J. Text. Stud. 36:387-401; Devaux et al. (2008) Post. Biol. Technol. 47:199-209; Kouassi et al, 2009, TGG 5:659-672. McCleary et al. (1997) J. AOAC Int. 80:571-579. Quemener et al. (2007) J Chromato. A 1141: 41-49.
