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Anthropologie juridique du nomadisme contemporain : approche comparée France-Mongolie

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HAL Id: hal-02060932

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02060932 Submitted on 7 Mar 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

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Olivier Borel, Aurélien Simonet

To cite this version:

Olivier Borel, Aurélien Simonet. Anthropologie juridique du nomadisme contemporain : approche comparée France-Mongolie. Variations juridiques sur le thème du Voyage, Jun 2014, Toulouse, France. pp.337-357, �10.4000/books.putc.827�. �hal-02060932�

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Dans deux études prospectives comparatives randomisées a été rapporté un taux d’IUE de novo moins élevé dans la voie abdominale que dans la voie vaginale non prothétique

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