• Aucun résultat trouvé

Augmenting the training sequence part in semiblind estimation for MIMO channels

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "Augmenting the training sequence part in semiblind estimation for MIMO channels"

Copied!
5
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

%'&)( *,+- . / .102 340 5 6$5 7 8 '&1+

9;:=<?>A@CBEDF<?>HGJIK>L<?@M>LNAOQPSRCGTBVUXWIYW[Z\@M]?^_B

`badcfehghikjmlondprqfsqtaLqtevukukukw4cfikaLqteyxdehp{z=c}|e~qtehpTE€‚ƒQ…„}wk†

‡kˆ w ‡_‰JŠ ik‹LŒdsŽv‚nqts‘‹Fik’‘s‘pz=ehxde~“

”–•‚—{z=`

`bj;_s‘’™˜[š›_œxdeh’‘ž__xdehcTjŸehxd’‘ehp}xds‘cfžpf’‘iAg žd¡_¢‚e}aLcfehghikjX£Cc

¤¦¥h§ ¨™©rª«T¨™¬­v®…¯±°³²?´‘µk¶¸·Q´¸¯º¹h»\·Q²¼µ½°²?´Žµ_¶M·Q´Ž¯¿¾;²¼µ›·Q²¼µ¿Àr°¹~°¾;Á

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯L´bě¯HÅT²?´Žµ›ÅyÆÇÄTȅÉʵ_®…¯S²\Å}¯SÈFÆ=°³²?´‘µk¶¸·Q´¸¯;­1ěÃF»\ÅTÉ¿¶Žµ{ÃF»\Ë¿°³²?´‘Ì

µ_¶M·Q´¸¯4͟¯

Â

¯L¶¸Î¯ÏÃF»µT¯d»?»…ÝÅkÐEÑ;®?¶

Â

®SÃF´C´ŽÈdџÅ=µTȟÃ

Â

®?¶¸¯AΝ¯Ò®?¶ŽÓ…®XÅ}·Q¯

Â

µ›Ä›ÃF´

¯Ô

Â

¶¸¯L»

ÂkÕ¿Ö¼Õ

Å}·\Ãdµk¶ŽÃF´QÉײ?´‘µk¶¸·Q´¸¯AØ?¶C»…Ó?ÙÚ­4®…¯Û®?¶¸Ó¼®±»¼²?É

Ö

¯LÄyȝÆ

Â

ȅ¯AƙÌ

Ü Â

¶¸¯L»µ›Åv¶M»ºµ_®…¯

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯L´bÄT¯LÅ}·–ȼ»\Åh¯±Àt»…²?É

Ö

¯LÄyȝÆÚ­4ÝÞÃF»Eµ›¯L»?»…ÝÅ

Ö¼Õ

»…²?É

Ö

¯LÄ;ȝƦÍ;ÝßÃF»µT¯d»?»…ÝÅ

ÖFÕ Ë\¯L´¸Ã

Õ

Å}·?ě¯AÝËQÁvÃF´C´¸ÈLџÅ4µTÈ$Ã

Â

®?¶¸¯AΝ¯

®?¶¸Ó¼®XËQ¶ŽÎF¯HÄ_ÅT¶Žµ

Õ

ÃF»\ËÛµTÈJ¶Cɱ·?ěÈLÎF¯{µ_®…¯Ïȅ²¼µTÃEӝ¯

Â

Ý·\Ã

Â

¶‘µ

Õ Ð Ö

²¼µ‚ÃdµÚµ_®…¯

ÅhÃFÉׯ¦µk¶MÉׯÏě¯L·?ÄT¯LÅh¯d»Eµ_ÅÃ

Â

®…ÃF´C´Ž¯d»…ӝ¯ÏÆoÈFÄ

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯L´F¯HÅhµ_¶CÉ×Ãdµ_¶¸È¼»;Ýł¶‘µ

¶CÉ×·–ÈFÅh¯LÅÒµ_®…¯±²\Åh¯ºÈFƂÃസȼ»…ӝ¯LÄJ­1ěÃF¶M»?¶C»…ÓàᅯHâ\²…¯L»

Â

¯…Àr­vá?ÁJ´¸¯AÝËQ¶C»…Ó

µTÈ×úěÃdµT¯ã´ŽÈ¼Å}ÅkÙ¦¹h»¿µk®?¶¸Åv·\Ý·Q¯LÄHÐQÑϯÛÃF²…Ó¼ÉׯL»µÏµ_®…¯ã­vá¿ÃÄTµ_¶Ü Â

¶ŽÃF´C´

Õ

Ö¼Õ

¶C»

Â

´C²\ËQ¶M»…ÓXµk®…¯

Ö

´C¶M»\Ë$·\ÝÄTµSÀf²?»\䅻…ÈdÑ;»¿Å

Õ É Ö

ȼ´¸Å›Á¦¶M»…ÆoȼÄ_É×Ãdµk¶ŽÈ¼»

ÃF»\˺µ_®…¯J»…ȼ»×·Q²\ě¯Òµ›Ä›ÃF¶M»?¶C»…ÓÛ¶C»…ÆoÈFÄkÉ×Ãdµ_¶¸È¼»bÐAµk®?¶¸Å{ÃF´C´¸ÈLџÅÚµTÈXÄT¯LËQ²

 ¯

µ_®…¯$­vá崎¯d»…ÓEµ_®.»…¯A¯HË\¯L˳ÆoÈFÄ

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯d´‚¯HÅhµ_¶CɺÃdµk¶ŽÈ…»æÃF»\Ë®…¯L»

Â

¯¿µ›È

ÅhÃLΝ¯$ěÃdµT¯FÙàç.¯-²\Å}¯àÅh¯LÉ¿¶

Ö

´M¶C»\ËKÝ·?·?ěȝÃ

Â

®…¯HÅÛµk®…ÃdµÛ¯H؅·Q´¸È¼¶Žµ

Ö

ÈEµk®

µ›Ä›ÃF¶C»?¶M»…Ó³ÃF»\Ë

Ö

´M¶C»\˶M»…ÆoÈFÄkÉ×Ãdµ_¶¸È¼»bÙ­v®…¯HÅh¯åµT¯

Â

®?»?¶Mⅲ…¯LÅæ®…ÃLΝ¯KÃ

Â

ȼɱ·Q´¸¯AØ?¶‘µ

Õ

»…ÈEµX¶Cɿɺ¯d»\Åh¯d´

Õ

Éײ

Â

®V®?¶¸Ó¼®…¯LÄJµk®…ÃF»-µ_®…ÃdµJÈFÆ{µ›Ä›ÃF¶M»¼Ì

¶C»…Ó

Ö

ÝÅh¯H˳µ›¯

Â

®?»?¶Mⅲ…¯LÅkÙ.è…ÈFĺµ_®…¯àéQÃdµ

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯d´

Â

ÝÅ}¯Ð{µ_®…¯àµT¯

Â

®¼Ì

»?¶Mⅲ…¯$Ñ4¯¿·?ě¯LÅh¯L»µãÃ

Â

®?¶Ž¯HΝ¯HÅSµ_®…¯àêvěÃFÉׯHÄTÌf͟ÃEÈ-ëÏȼ²?»\Ë[Ùà¹h»åµ_®…¯

ÆÇě¯Hâ\²…¯L»

ÂkÕ ÌfÅ}¯L´¸¯

Â

µk¶ŽÎF¯

Â

®…ÃF»?»…¯L´

Â

ÝÅ}¯ºÑϯ¿²\Åh¯±Ãàⅲ…ÝË?ěÃdµk¶

Â

Å}¯LÉ¿¶

Ö Ì

´C¶M»\Ë

Â

Äk¶‘µ›¯HÄk¶ŽÈ…»Vµ_®…Ãdµ

Â

ȼÉ

Ö

¶M»…¯LÅJÃæµ›Ä›ÃF¶C»?¶M»…Ó

Ö

ÝÅh¯HËì´¸¯AÝÅ~µTÌfÅTⅲ…Ýě¯HÅ

Â

Äk¶ŽµT¯HÄk¶¸È¼»¿Ñ;¶Žµ_®¿Ã

Ö

´M¶C»\Ë

Â

Äk¶ŽµT¯LÄ_¶¸È¼»

Ö

ÝÅ}¯HË-ȼ»æ´C¶M»…¯HÝğ·?ě¯HËQ¶

Â

µ_¶¸È¼»bÙ

ídî±í›ïÚð=ñ=òóôõbð1öÇòï

÷

]Fø–NTRC<Q>AGŸ@CRMøQ>LDG;<?RCùFRMú›DF@Úû¿]?<?üQ@™DEúTRC]FøV]EýF>HGŸD¿@MRCøQ>HDFG;^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@

ÿ

RMúTþ D¼<Q<?RMúTRCýF> DFü–N›N}R™DøYøQ]¼RCNT>FW³9JN›N}ü–û±>æúTþ–Dú

ÿ

>æþ–Ddý¼>

úTG_DøbN}û¿RMú}úT>HG›NJDø–< ¿G›>H^A>ARCý…RCøQù$^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@™NHW{úTþ–>º^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@ÚR™N

DFN›NTüQû¿>H<ÛúT]S:b>bDEúLOdúTþQ>HøãúTþQ>rN\ûº:[]F@FG_DEú›>1N›DûQ@C>H<XG›>H^A>ARCýF>L<

NTRMù¼ø–D@ÚDúŸ<QRCN›^G›>ú›>Sú›RMû¿>-^ADFø-:[>

ÿ

G›R¸úTúT>AøKD¼N

"!$#&%('

)

*+-,/.

*10*

23465

23 87

ÿ

þQ>HGT>±úTþ–>

0 *

23XDG›>×úTþQ>¿ú›G›DFø–N}û¿RMú}ú›>H<ìN8\û×:b]¼@CN9ÇG›]FûNT]FüQG_^>

: O . *

RCNJúTþ–>;Ç]Eý¼>AG_D@C@<Ò^_þbDøQøQ>H@G›>HN[]Fø–NT>=ÇGT]¼ûúTG_Dø–NTû¿R¸úTúT>AG

:

úT]ìG›>H^A>ARCýF>AG>ºDFø–<?5

±RCN±ú›þQ>åDF<Q<QR¸ú›RMý¼>Vø–]FR™N}>DEú¿úTþ–>åNTDFû±>

G›>H^>HRMý¼>AGLW±UÒþ–>à<?RCN›^G›>ú›>A@fúTRCû¿>BDC N}RCùFø–DF@y^ADFø:[>$GT>1QG›>HNT>Aø…úT>L<

RCøVý¼>H^úT]FGEÇ]¼GTûDFN1

F-G

!H#&%('

)

*+-,JI

*10K*

23L4NM

G

!PORQ

G

4SM

G

F-G

!UTVW ,

3

WWW

#-XY' 23

Z\[

]_^

M G

!UTVW 5 ,

3

WWW

5

#-XY' 23

Z\[

]_^

I *

!UTVW

.

,*

WWW

. #-XY'

*

Z\[

]`^

Oa!cb

I

,&d1dd

I #&%('fe

^ Q G

!cb

0 , 23

d1dd 0

#&%(' 3

e<gih

Z\ü3[>AG_N›^G›Rj?ú_N

g

Olk <?>HøQ]ú›>ŸúTG_DøbN8[]¼NT>JDøb<nm;>HGTû¿RMúTR™Dø¿úTG_DøbNo@

[]¼NT>ÛG›>HN[>H^kú›RMý¼>A@(FW

UÒþQ>$û×üQ@¸ú›RC^_þbDøQøQ>H@ÏDFN[>H^kú½@C>HD¼<QNÛúT]åDNTRMù¼ø–D@yNTüQ:–N–D¼^>

ÿ

þQ>Aø

"p q O‚NTRCø–^>

FLG

!rOsQ

G

4tM

G

WVUÒþQ>$>Au?R™Nhú›>Aø–^A>$]KvúTþQR™N

NTRMù¼ø–D@‚N}üQ:bN8–D¼^>×þ–DFNS@M>L<úT]æúTþQ>¿<?>HýF>A@C]–û±>Hø…úJ]KÏD

ÿ

>LD@MúTþå]

:Q@CRMøb<Y^_þ–DøQø–>A@y>LNhú›RMû$DEú›RM]¼ø³úT>H^_þ–øQR(v…üQ>LNã]EýF>HGXúTþQ>$@™DFN}úº<?>L^ADF<Q>FW

Z\]¼û±>¿]4ú›þQ>HNT>¿úT>L^_þQøQR<v¼ü–>HNãDG›>±GT>H@CDúTRCýF>A@(.NTRMûQ@C>$<?üQ>¿ú›]úTþQ>

û¿]?<?>A@CRMø–ùJ]K\ú›þQ>ÏüQø–B…ø–]

ÿ

øãRMø3–ü?ú{N\ûº:[]F@™ND¼NÚ>ARMúTþ–>AG<Q>úT>HGTû¿RCøw@

R™Nhú›RC^$ü–øQB\øQ]

ÿ

ø–Nxr<Q>úT>HGTû¿RCøQR™Nhú›RC^$RCø3QüQú×^AD¼N}>fÛ]FG½üQøb^]FG›G›>A@™DEúT>L<

G_Dø–<?]¼ûýEDG›R™D:Q@C>HN

ÿ

RMúTþQ]¼ü?úS>uy–@M]¼R¸ú›RMøQùàúTþQ>HRMG_z–øQRMúT>×DF@j–þ–D:[>ú

ø–DúTüQG›>WåUÒþQ>à@™DEú}ú›>AGlÇüQø–^A]FG›GT>H@CDúT>L< ã^AD¼N}>$R™NºDF@CNT].^HD@C@M>L<³úTþQ>

DübNTNTRCDFø-RCø3QüQúJ^ADFNT>X:b>L^ADFü–N}>xr]FøQ@(3ÒN}>L^]Føb<y@f]¼G›<Q>AGÒNhú_DEúTR™N}úTR™^AN

DG›>y>uy–@M]¼R¸ú›>H<1W{m;]

ÿ

>Aý¼>AGLO

ÿ

þQ>Hø|}t| q?Odú›þQ>AG›>ÏR™Nø–]Û<?>AúT>HG8@

û¿RMø–RCN}úTR™^X:Q@CRMø–<V^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@1RCøwÇ]¼GTû$DEú›RM]¼ø-DFø–<æ]¼øQ@(à@MRCû¿R¸ú›>H< DübNo@

NTRCDFø RCøwÇ]FG›û$DEúTRC]FøW?~yý¼>Aø

ÿ

þQ>Aøt p | qQOÏû¿]…Nhú¿]KSúTþQ>LN}>

:Q@CRMøb<±úT>H^_þ–øQR(v…üQ>LNyDG›>ÒøQ]úyý¼>AGq½G›]F:Qü–N}úyDø–<±@C>HDdý¼>Ò^_þbDøQøQ>H@–Dû@

:QRCùFüQRMúTRC>HNHW{UÒþQ>HNT>vDFûº:QRCùFü–R¸ú›RM>LN‚^HDø×G›DFøQùF>ÇGT]¼û DSNTRCû–@M>ŸN›^AD@™DG

Dû×:QRCùFüQRMúo€rDF^úT]¼G-Ç]¼GÏZ\RCøQùF@C>A@~ø3Qü?úÏIåüQ@¸ú›Rj–@M>@oSü?úqQü?ú9fZyhI‚=

^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@™NŸú›]-DàNqv…ü–DG›>ƒàû$DúTG›R\ulÇ]FGÛIKüQ@MúTR(Q@M>@2~ø Qü?ú

IKüQ@MúTR(Q@C>A@8Sü?ú–ü?úrI`hI‚=Ò^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@™N=b\7

e

OLb„ e W

SøYú›þQ>æ]FúTþQ>HG×þ–DFø–<1OyDF@M@Ò^üQG›G›>Aø…ú×N}ú›Døb<QDG_<?R(…A>H<Y^A]Fû¿ûºü–øQRC^HD†@

úTRC]FøYN?Nhú›>Aû$NX>AûQ@C]†åN}]¼û¿>Ç]¼GTû]KvB…ø–]

ÿ

øRCø3Qü?ú_NXúT]KDF@M@C]

ÿ

^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@4>HN}úTRCû$DEúTRC]FøWUÒþ–>æ^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@y>LNhú›RMû$DúTRC]FøS[>AGÇ]FG›û¿DFø–^>

RCøKúTþQ]…N}>±^AD¼N}>LNJ^ADFøåD@

ÿ

Df?NŸ:[>ºRCûQG›]EýF>H<:yKDàNT>Aû¿RC:Q@MRCø–<DKw@

QG›]¼D¼^_þ

ÿ

þQR™^_þ¿>AuwQ@C]FRMú›N¦:[]ú›þ±úTG_DRCøQRMø–ù½Dø–<±:Q@CRMøb<¿RMøwÇ]¼GTû$DúTRC]FøÚW

UÒþQ>ÛúTG_DRCøQRCøQù¿RMø3Ç]FG›û¿DúTRC]FøVD@C@M]

ÿ

N4úT]¿G›>HNT]F@CýF>JúTþQ>ã:Q@CRCø–<Dûº:–R\@

ùFü–R¸ú›RM>LNvDFø–<àG›]F:–ü–Nhú›R\zb>HN4úTþQ>ã^_þ–DFøQøQ>H@[>LNhú›RMû$DúT>HNHW¦UÒþQ>=QüQGqb]…N}>

]KúTþQR™NE–DK[>AGvRCN4ú›]×RCø…úTG›]\<Qü–^>ÛN}>Hû±RC:Q@CRMøb<àú›>H^_þQøQR<v…üQ>HN4]K

ÿ

þQRC^_þ

úTþ–>X^A]FûQ@C>Au?RMúo$RCNÒøQ]FúŸRMû¿û¿>Aø–NT>A@(àû×ü–^_þæþQRCùFþ–>AGvúTþ–DFøæú›þ–DEúŸ]

úTG_DRCøQRCøQù¿:–DFNT>H<æúT>L^_þQøQR<v…üQ>HNHW

U]Yü–N}>ú›þQ>.NT>H^A]Fø–<y@ ]FG_<?>HG¿N}ú›DúTR™Nhú›RC^HN¿úTþ–>åRMø Qü?ú-N›DûQ@C>HNàDFGT>

û¿]?<?>A@C>H< D¼NåRfWRfW<1W

ÿ

þQR¸ú›> ^A>Aø…úT>HGT>L<

Dü–N›NTRCDFø/RMø3–ü?ú›N"Q

Gˆ‡

‰3Š Œ‹

^/Ž

f

# %<'

Oú›þQ>æRCø–<?>1b>Hø–<?>Hø¼ú¿øQ]¼RCNT>àR™N×^A]Fø–NTRC<Q>AG›>H<úT]:b>

RfWRfW<ÚW

ÿ

þQRMúT> DübNTNTRCDFø‘M

G ‡

‰wŠ ‹

^q/Ž

’ 

#&XY'

Dø–<s“”`•H!

 Ž

/Ž

’

!—–bWyUÒþQ>ãG›>H^A>ARCýF>L<æNTRMù¼ø–D@˜ÇG_Dû¿>ã^]¼ø¼ú_DRCø–Nvú

ÿ

]bDGTú›N1

™

UG›DFRMø–RMøQùZ\>v¼ü–>Aø–^A>³]

gJš

QRC@C]úåN8\û×:b]¼@ãýF>H^úT]¼G›NHWUÒþQ>

úTG_DRCøQRCøQùàG›>H^A>ARCýF>H<KNTRCùFø–DF@›Ç]F@C@C]

ÿ

NJD$øQ]¼øw@…A>AG›]$û¿>HDFø Dü–N›NTRCDFø

<?R™Nhú›GTRC:Qü?ú›RM]¼ø›

F

g˜š

Gœ

O ‡

‰3Š OQ

g˜š

G

^q/Ž

’K

# XY'

W

™|ž

@CRMø–<N–DGTú×]_|Ÿ <–DEú›D.N8\ûº:[]F@výF>L^kú›]FG_NAW.UÒþ–>HNT>xÇ]F@C@M]

ÿ D

…A>HGT]Xû¿>HDFø DFü–N›N}R™Dø¿<?R™Nhú›GTRC:Qü?ú›RM]¼ø›

F-G œ O ‡

‰3Š Œ‹

^q/Ž

’ 

#&XY'

4

/Ž



O O

k

kW

ž

>A@C]

ÿ/ÿ

>¿DFN›NTüQû¿>ºú›þQ>¿øQ]FR™N}>[]

ÿ

>HG

/Ž’

úT]V:[>±B\øQ]

ÿ

ø:yúTþQ>

G›>H^>HRMý¼>AGLW

íídî¡S¢L£ö¥¤Jô›¤ˆ¦Ïö¥§&¨3©…ö¥ªò‚òó—«9ª/¢ïÚ ©;¬=­ð1ö¥¤_¢?ð1òñ

UÒþQ>æIåDKu\RCûºü–û6®RMB¼>A@CRMþQ]\]?<—rI¯®- ÷ þbDøQøQ>H@~4Nhú›RMû$DEú›]FGLOR™N

úTþ–>Ÿ]FøQ>vúTþbDEúyû$D†u?RCû±R(…A>vú›þQ>D®Ú]¼ù=®RMB¼>A@CRMþ–]…]?<lŒ®-®-‚]KbúTþQ>Òú›]ú_D@

(2)

O ! @Cø-

œ

O

! 0

/Ž

’

,

#

)G

+-, F

gJš

G O Q

gJš

G k F

g˜š

G O Q

g˜š

G

#

)G

+-, F kG

/Ž

’K

#-XY'

4

/Ž



ORO

k , F G

|Ÿ¿@Cø;<?>Aúf

 Ž’ 

#&XY' 4  Ž

ORO k

! 0

4  Ž

’

,

ú›Gy

g˜š

O

g˜š

k

g˜š

O

g˜š

!" #

$%$

&(' O)

4

|Ÿ¦úTG+*

,

ŒO`-,*

|Ÿ$@Cø;<?>Aú.*`ŒO`

!" #

$%$

' O)

ÿ

þQ>HGT>/

g˜š

! 0F

gJš

,

h1hh

F

gJš

#1

2 O ,* ! ,

# #

)G

+-, FLGfF

kG Dø–<

*¯O`|!

/Ž’†

#&XY'

4

/Ž

OsO

k W 3

g˜š

O`½DFø–< 3 ŸDŒO`ãDFGT>

úTþ–>®Ú]Fùx®RMB¼>A@CRMþQ]\]?<-]Kú›þQ>ã:Q@CRMøb<VDFø–<-úTþQ>Xú›G›DFRMø–RMøQù–DFG}ú_NAW

UÒþQ>½I`®ì^_þ–DFøQøQ>H@Ú>HN}úTRCû$DEúT>XR™NÒúTþ–>Aø›

4

O65

$

!DFGTùyû$DKu

O

3 ŒO

798;:<+=>@?ACB@DFE>@<HGIB@DF?EKJL:MNMNOQPM

®Ú>úYú›þQ>Z\RCøQùFü–@CDFGSRyD@CüQ>PJ>L^]¼û[]¼NTRMúTRC]Fø tZ(RÛPY]KVúTþQ>

^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@Ò:[>lOH!UTWV6XP!ZY[X

ÿ

þQ>HGT>\T"ÇG›>HNÚW/Xn×R™N±D

| q=ƒ¿û¿RMøf| q

^

|]rGT>LN8Wû¿RCø^

^

%_ƒxKÏüQøQRMú›DGq

û$DEú›GTRju1O[RfW>LT

k T ! 

ÇG›>HNÚW_X`X

k ! 

kW®Ú>Aú;Y !aY b{

Døb<cX !dX`e--:[>.ú

ÿ

] :QRfh>H^úTRCýF>³GT>LD@9–DG_Dû¿>ú›>AG›Rj…LDEú›RM]¼ø–N

O ! OSb

^

e-W×UÒþQ>±:Q@CRMø–<‚–DFG}úã^]¼ø¼ú_DRCø–NSøQ]-RCøwÇ]¼GTû$DEú›RM]¼ø.]¼ø

XWyUÒþ–>hg‚R™NT^_þ–>AGŸRCøwÇ]FG›û$DEúTRC]FøVû$DEú›GTRjuæR™NÒúTþQ>Hø›

i ŒO` ! ~ j

j I k jmlnQo

'

WpqO)

j I q g

! i Ÿ ŒO`›4

i

g˜š

O`

! r , i Ÿ

b{%r

g

, 4 i

g˜š

ŒO`

ÿ

þQ>HGT>Hr

, ! js

j I !

jut

j I js

jmt

! wvlFX

k

yx



#&XY'

js

jmt

O

I

!cbz=Œ5{KO`8

gH|

5({KŒO`

g eg O

t

!cbz=5({+Y 8

gH|

5({KY 8

g eg Døb<

vl}c!~

z=} |

€}

|

} z=€}c 

Ç]FG×Døy.û$DEú›GTRju‚} WR~

<?>HøQ]ú›>HN;>uwb>L^kú›DúTRC]Fø

ÿ WGHWúHW.W i Ÿ ŒO`JDø–< i

gJš

ŒO`JDG›>XúTþQ>

g‚RCN›^_þQ>HGŸRMøwÇ]¼GTû$DúTRC]FøVû¿DúTG›RC^A>HNÒ]ú›þQ>½:Q@CRMøb<VDFø–<-úTþQ>Xú›G›DFRMø–RMøQù

–DFG}ú_NAW i

g˜š

ŒO`Ò^ADFø-:[>ã>AýEDF@Mü–DúT>L<æ>LDFNTRM@(˜

i

g˜š

O` ! Ž

/Ž

’ v k

gJš

g˜š

k q x 

#-XY'

W

UÒþQ>½I.Z3~ >HGTG›]FGÒ]‚Døyàü–ø…:–RCD¼N}>L<-^_þ–DFøQøQ>H@1>HN}úTRCû¿DúT>½N›DEú›RCN8z–>HN1

~„ƒ…ƒ+†O‡ƒ…ƒ

Ž

}a~

O‰ˆ

•hŠc!úTGJ~

O i ,

O`

^

ÿ

þQ>HGT>

ˆ

•hŠc!mú›G i ,

ŒO`vR™NvúTþQ> ÷ G_Dû¿>AG@YB;D]

ž

]¼üQø–<-]Fø-úTþQ>

>HN}úTRCû$DEú›>;]K1ú›þQ>J^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@ Ç]FGvDXùFRCýF>Aøà^_þbDøQøQ>H@–G›>HDF@MR(…HDúTRC]FøÚW-‹>

ü–NT>?~

O

úT]DdýF>AG_Dù¼>½]EýF>HGSD;b]…NTNTRC:Q@M>¿N}ú›DEú›RCN}úTR™^ADF@¦<?RCN}úTG›RC:Qü?úTRC]Fø

]K‚úTþ–>½^_þ–DøQø–>A@fW

ÿ

ÇüQ@ÚG›>HNTüQ@Mú1

Œ

I(ŽQ@(Z‘

gQ]¼G-N}ú›DúTR™Nhú›RC^HD@S^_þbDøQøQ>H@9O !’Y[X

ÿ

RMúTþcX

üQøQRjÇ]FG›û¿@jÞ<?R™Nhú›GTRC:Qü?ú›>H<Þ]Eý¼>AG$ú›þQ> G_DFN›N}û$Dø–ømû$DFøQR\Ç]¼@C<ÚOÒúTþQ>

û¿RMø–RMû×üQû2]~

O ˆ

•hŠ R™N;D¼^_þQRM>HýF>L<-:yVD

ÿ

þQRMúT>ãú›G›DFRMøQRCøQùàNT>A@

v…üQ>Aøb^>“

gJš

g˜š

kc”

 W

• ?–>+>—=™˜

®Ú>AúšT

gJš

V

gJš

T

gJš

k

:[> úTþQ> >ARCùF>Aø <Q>H^]¼ûb]…N}RMúTRC]Fø ]

g˜š

g˜š

k

O?ú›þQ>Aø

~ O ˆ

•hŠc! ~ O

úTG_b

Ž

/Ž

’ V

g˜š

x  Ž

#-XY'

4

b›vlT

g˜š

k

x

 # XY'e

r , i Ÿ b{/8b…v;€T

gJš

k

-x

 # XY'e

r , g e , h

b…v;€T

g˜š

k

Cx



#&XY'e

r , ! b›v;

k

XCT

g˜š

q k

Cx



#&XY'e js

jmt

W

RCýF>Aø³ú›þ–DEú_T

g˜š

RCN½üQøQRMú›DGqFOXCT

gJš

þ–DFNÛú›þQ>æN›Dû¿>¿üQøQRjÇ]FG›û

<?R™Nhú›GTRC:Qü?ú›RM]¼øYDFN9XWSø³úTþQ>¿]FúTþQ>HGãþ–Dø–<ÚO

i Ÿ b{ÛRCNãRCø–<?>1b>Høw@

<?>Hø¼ú½]yXKWmJ>Aø–^A>

ÿ

>$^ADFø.ú›þQ>AøY^A]Fø–^A@Mü–<Q>×ú›þ–DEúãú›þQ> ÷ B ž R™N

RCø–<?>[>Aøb<?>Aø…ú;]KT

gJš

DFø–<-úTþ–Dú1

~ O ˆ

•hŠc!‘~

O

úTGœ.r

, i Ÿ b{%r

g

, 4 „

/Ž’

V

gJš

x  Ž # XY'ž

,h

UÒþQ>ºNT>H^A]Fø–<VN}úT>KR™NÒú›]æN}þ–]

ÿ

úTþbDEú¯~

O ˆ

•hŠˆ!cŸ{V

g˜š

ÒR™N;D

^]¼ø\ýF>AuxÇü–ø–^kú›RM]¼øV]Eý¼>AGvúTþ–>X^A]FøQø–>Au-NT>ú„V

gJš

} ‹–W{®>ú„V

gJš

!

  >

 

gJš

, ^

h1hh

^  

gJš

# %<'

$DFø–<£¢ú›þQ>¯mJ>HN›N}R™DøÞ]K_Ÿ{€Vl¤¢

¥

* !

j+¦]§

j¨N©j¨«ª

OÏú›þQ>AøÞRMúæ^ADøm:[>NTþQ]

ÿ ø úTþ–DúxÇ]FG$Døy G›>HDF@ b]…N}RMúTRCýF>

ýF>L^kú›]FGy¬`!cb­

,{ddd

­

#&%('fe

g

}t‹Ç@C>ú„®a!

  >

01¡

­

, ^

hhh

#-%<' 8A

¬ g

¢9¬`!

¯

u°’

~ O

ú›G± i Ž

O`A€®²x

 Ž # XY' i ,

O`A®³x

 Ž # XY' w´}?‹

ÿ

þQR™^_þÇ]F@C@C]

ÿ N ÇG›]FûúTþQ>|rDF^úJúTþbDEú i O` !µr

, i Ÿ b{%r

g

, 4

Ž

/Ž

’ V

g˜š

x  Ž

#&XY'

RCNÒN\û±û¿>AúTG›RC^_b]…N}RMúTRCýF>Û<?>Az–ø–R¸ú›>FWyUÒþQR™N4NTþQ]

ÿ N

úTþ–>º^]¼ø…ý¼>Au?RMúoà]Kx~

O ˆ

•hŠi!cŸ{V

g˜š

;]EýF>AGÒú›þQ>º^A]FøQøQ>uVNT>ú

V

gJš

}t‹–WÏUÒþQ>Hø ~

O ˆ

•hŠþ–D¼N;D¿ùF@C]F:–DF@1û¿RMøQRCûºü–ûüQø–<Q>AGJD

[]

ÿ

>HG‚^A]Fø–N}úTG_DRCø…ú>AuwQG›>HN›NT>H<ã]¼ø½úTþ–>4ú›G›D¼^>v]K.V

g˜š

W{UÒþQR™N{@M>LDF<QN

ü–NÏúT]×>AuwQG›>HN›N{úTþQ>=®DFùFG_DøQù¼RCDFø×]1úTþQR™N4]?ú›RMû¿R(…HDEú›RM]¼ønQG›]F:Q@C>Aû

€V

g˜š

^«¶

!£Ÿ{€V

g˜š

-4

oúTGfV

g˜š

‚·¸º¹w»¼

 » o

j $

j^¨ © ! Ž

/Ž

’ ~ O

úTG ± i Ž O`/

 x  Ž # XY' ´ 4 ¶

!‘‹

ÿ

þQ>HGT>



RCNúTþ–> û$DEú›GTRju

ÿ

RMúTþ 7mDEú³úTþQ> >

½

<?RCDFùF]¼ø–D@×>A@C>A@

û¿>Aø…úŸDø–<…A>AG›]¼N4>A@™NT>

ÿ

þQ>HGT>¼W‚UÒþQ>XNT]F@Cü?úTRC]FøæúT]×úTþQ>LN}>Û>1v…ü–DúTRC]Fø–N

^]¼GTG›>HN[]Fø–<QNºúT]SV

gJš

:b>HRMøQùYD³ûºü–@¸ú›RjQ@C>]KÛRC<?>Hø…úTRMúoFW—m;>Hø–^>

g˜š

gJš

k ” 

D¼^_þQRM>HýF>LNÚú›þQ>4ù¼@M]¼:–D@¼û¿RMøQRCûºü–û ]KD~

O¾ˆ

•hŠàW

UÒþQR™N QG›]EýF>LNyú›þQ>XúTþQ>H]FG›>AûW ¿

F

SÁ-Â+ŽQÂ+ÃÄÆÅL I Q M Î.Ç

k

g˜š

g˜š

k q ,

>u\R™N}ú›Nx[>AG@

NTRCN}úT>Hø¼ú›@j³>AuQ^AR¸ú›RMøQùåúTG_DRCøQRMø–ùåN}>v¼ü–>Aø–^A>kO¦DFø–<S|ŸÉÈÊȈ–

gJš

O

úTþ–> ÷ G›DFû±>HG8@YB;DF]

ž

]FüQøb<æý¼>AG›R\z–>LN

~

O‰ˆ

•hŠc!úTGx~

OÌË i ,

ŒO`Í_ÎÏ]ÐÑ

¦

1 'k )5

Ñ(Ò 4/Ó

7

Ÿ

(3)

ÿ

þQ>HGT> Ó

#

X<?>HøQ]ú›>HNãD v…ü–Dø…úTRMúoå]4ú›þQ>$]FG_<?>AGX]

# UÒþQ>

÷ B ž

R™N <?]¼û¿RMø–DúT>L< :y ú›þQ>‘bDGTú ]KKú›þQ> ^_þbDøQøQ>H@-G›>HNTüQ@Mú8@

RCøQùlÇGT]¼û úTþQ>x–GT]1fh>H^kú›RM]¼ø.]¼ø.ú›þQ>¿]FGTúTþQ]¼ùF]FøbD@{^]FûQ@C>Aû¿>Hø¼úã]

i Ѧ

g˜š

–r

,

W#UÒþQR™N-^A]FG›GT>LN8[]Fø–<–N¿úT] úTþQ>ì^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@9–DGTúæú›þ–DEú

^ADFøQøQ]Fúv:[>XRC<?>Hø…úTRjz–>H<-:Q@CRMø–<Q@j¼OQDø–<æþQ>Aø–^A>XùF>ú_NvRC<?>Hø…úTRjz–>H<-]FøQ@(

:y$úTþ–>XúTG_DRCøQRMø–ù–W

 Ã

Ã

}

ÂI-Ž

Ç

UÒþQ>GT>LN}üQ@Mú›N-D:[]EýF>Kû¿]ú›RMýEDúT>åü–NàúT]

QG›][]¼NT>ÛúTþQ>=Ç]¼@M@C]

ÿ

RMø–ù×û¿>ú›þQ]?</

™

~ÏN}úTRCû$DEúT>ÊTDFø–<\VaÇGT]¼û ú›þQ>

ž

@MRCø–<¦DGTú1

,

T ,V! ,Y !DG›ùyû$D†u

Y

Ÿ

Y

™

~ÏN}úTRCû$DEúT>_XUÇG›]Fû ú›þQ>½UG›DFRMøQRCøQù$Z\>1v…üQ>Hø–^>¦DFG}ú

,

Xi!DG›ù¦û$D†u

X

g˜š

¤X

œ Y ! ,Y

™ gQ]¼GTû

4

O ! ,Y ,XW

UÒþQR™Nvû±>AúTþQ]?<-RCN ÇüQGTúTþQ>HGÒ>A@™D:[]FG_DEúT>L<$RCøàúTþ–>9Ç]¼@M@C]

ÿ

RCøQù×NT>H^úTRC]FøÚW

ííAíLî¢1ôL­­Aö<¢ïJ¨3¤Sö=©¼öoïÚó !Qñ[ò/¢1õJª

UÒþQ>YDK3QG›]¼D¼^_þSfhü–N}úå<?>HN›^G›RM:[>H<:b>H@M]¼øQù¼NVú›] ú›þQ>

Dü–N›NTRCDFø

^ADúT>HùF]FGq¿:b>L^ADFü–N}>SúTþ–>S:Q@CRCø–<æRCøwÇ]¼GTû$DEú›RM]¼øæRMúŸ>AuwQ@C]FRMú›NvRMø\ý¼]F@CýF>HN

N…û×:b]¼@yN}>L^]¼ø–<y@ ]FG_<?>AGãN}ú›DEú›RCN}úTR™^ANHWx ú½R™N½D@™N}]NT>Aû¿R\@ :Q@CRMøb<³NTRCø–^>

:Q@CRMøb<VDFø–<-úTG_DRCøQRCøQù¿:–DFNT>H<;–DGTú›NÒù¼>ú;^]¼ûº:QRCøQ>L<1W

Ž

#"

Â+Î

Å Ã

$ Í9Q

Â1Ç

‹³>

ÿ

G›R¸ú›>ŸúTþQ>J>ARCùF>Aø$<?>L^]¼û[]¼NTRMúTRC]Fø–N

]K?ú›þQ>yú›GTü–>ÏDø–<ãúTþQ>4>HN}úTRCû¿DúT>L<ã^]EýEDG›RCDFø–^>¦û$DúTG›RC^A>HNÚ]\úTþQ>vN}RCùK@

ø–DF@[D¼N*U! T

/Ž’ &%('

n*)

#

%<'

¥#

XY',+

4

/Ž.-

Ž

—T k 4

/Ž’

T Î T Î k O

,

* !UT0/ /T

k/ ÿ

þQ>HGT>-úTþ–>NTüQ:–N›^G›R(?úL{K<?>HøQ]ú›>HN¿N›DûQ@C>->LNo@

úTRCû$DEú›>HNHOÛDFø–< TÎrQG›]Eý\RC<Q>HNVDø]¼G}ú›þQ]FøQ]¼GTû$DF@J:–D¼N}R™NnÇ]¼GVúTþQ>

]FGTúTþ–]FùF]¼ø–D@=^]¼ûQ@M>Hû¿>Aø…ú;]KT.W

UÒþQ>

ž

@CRMø–< ®-®1¦DFG}ú€Çü úT]$D¿^]FøbNhú_Dø…ú 4R™NÒúTþQ>Hø›

3 Ÿ_ŒO`!

|Ÿ{ú›G*

, ,*

|Ÿ¿@Cø;<?>ú†

/Ž

’  4

/Ž

2-

Ž h

Œ

I(ŽQ@(

3

–UÒþQ>½NT]F@Cü?úTRC]FøV]KúTþQ>

ž

@CRMø–<0¦DFG}úÒRCN1

4 ,T2^]FG›G›>HNb]¼ø–<QN{ú›]ãúTþQ>Jû±RCøf

^ q S<?]¼û±RCø–DFø¼ú4>ARCùF>Aø\ý¼>H^ @

úT]¼G›NÒRCøT /

4 ,V û$DEú›^_þ–>HNãú›þQ>Vû±RCøf

^

| q(V<?]¼û¿RMø–DFø…úº>ARCùF>Hø…ýEDF@MüQ>LN½]

,

5.6

±*7 /

/Ž’  # XY' 8*9

´ , pŽ

4 ,Y ! ,T ,V

ÿ

þQ>HGT>:7

h8 9 ú›DFBF>LNŸúTþ–>[]¼NTR¸ú›RMý¼>×NT>Aû¿R™<?>Az–ø–R¸ú›>|–DFG}úÛ]KyRMú›N=m;>HG8@

û¿R¸ú›RCDFøKDG›ùFüQû¿>Aø…úLW

• ?–>+>—=˜

‹³> z–G_N}úì<?>HGTRCýF> úTþQ>ÞN}]¼@MüQúTRC]Fø Ç]¼G.ú›þQ> ü–øQR¸ú_DGqsrDF^úT]FG³Dø–<

úTþ–>Aø6Ç]FGÊúTþ–> <?RCDFùF]¼ø–D@‚rDF^úT]FGLW ‹>G›>

ÿ

G›R¸ú›> ú›þQ>r–DG_D†@

û¿>ú›GTR™^ß^]EýEDG›RCDFø–^>û¿DúTG›R\uDFN1‰* ! T<; ;T k; O ÿ

þQ>HGT>

; !   >

€ ; ¥, ^

hh1h

^ ; ¥# X' àRCø

ÿ

þQR™^_þúTþ–>Æ ; ¥

DFGT>.]FG›ù¼D†@

øQR(…A>L<RCøRMøb^G›>HDFNTRCøQù ]FG_<?>HG‚ÇRCø…úTG›]?<?ü–^>³D@™N}] N}RCû¿RM@™DG›@j /N!

  >

€

/ ¥ ^

hh1h

^ / ¥

#-XY'

kW£‹³>åøQ]FúT>ú›þ–DEúæ:y ^A]Fø–N}úTG›ü–^úTRC]Fø Ç]FG

p q ; ¥ !

/Ž

’ ^

7=>>=?

; ¥9 # XY'

%('

n.)

# %<'

¥# X'*+

!

/Ž

’ 4

/Ž

   Ž ^

7=>>= û¿RCø

^

®Ú>Aú@?r!£T

k;

T0/ŸOA? RCN{DSüQøQRMú›DGq€ ƒD;û$DúTG›R\u1W-®>ú¦D@™N}]

B

!cT

k; ,* T<;

j

! C?

/ ? k

(

^

>”! 7 ^

h1hh

^ q

W‚UÒþ–>AøÇü3

úT]àD¿^A]Fø–N}ú›DFø¼ú

3

Ÿ

ŒO` ! Ÿ

úTG ,

; ? /D?

k Ÿ

@Mø;<?>Aú ;

!

|ŸFE

#&X'

+-, B œ

*;

¥ 4Y@Cø-F,;

¥ 8

 ú ^ADFø :[> NTþQ]

ÿ ø bG e

ú›þ–DEú

,IH H # XY'

û$D@fh]FG›R(…A>HN

€ / ¥

,&H H

#&XY' OyRfW>FWJE

# XY'

+-, / ¥

!KE

# XY'

+-, B

DFø–<LE

G

+&, / ¥ =

E G

+-, B

O 7M=—F=t q W{UÒþQ>Aø±ú›þQ> Ç]F@C@M]

ÿ

RCøQùXG›>HNTüQ@¸úyR™N”QG›]EýF>Hø

RCø bN e E #

XY'

+-, B›

œ ; ¥ } E #

XY'

+&, ./

¥œ ; ¥

]FGŸ>v¼ü–RMý¼>Aø…úT@(

ú›GO? /D?

k ,

; =

ú›G / ,

; h

UÒþQR™NNTþQ]

ÿ

Nú›þ–DEú 3 Ÿ ŒO`åRCN.û¿DKu?RMû¿R(…A>H< Ç]FG:? !  # XY'

O

RfW>¼W T; ! T / ]FG >1v…üQRCýED@C>Aø…úT@( úTþ–Dú T, ^]¼GTG›>A@

Nb]¼ø–<QNúT] ú›þQ> û¿RMø^

^ q <?]¼û±RCø–DFø¼ú)>HRMù¼>Aø\ýF>L^kúT]¼G›N

RCø T0/EW ®>úü–NøQ]

ÿ

>AýEDF@Mü–DúT>)ú›þQ>'] ?úTRCû$D@

,

V !

  >

,

  , ^

hhh

^ ,

 

%('

n*)

#-%<'

¥

#&XY' + kW

Ÿ O` R™N NT>–DFG›DF:Q@M>RMø

úTþ–> ,

 

O)R™N D û¿]FøQ]FúT]¼øQRC^HD@C@j RCø–^G›>HD¼N}RCøQù ÇüQøb^kúTRC]Fø Ç]FG

‹P=  , = Q 7 ; ¥9 #

XY'

%('

n*)

#

%<'

¥#

XY'R+

/Ž’

8 9 œ  

O—7S=

>T= û¿RCø|

^

]¼ODø–<R™N û¿]Fø–]úT]¼øQR™^AD@C@(<?>H^AGT>LDFNTRMø–ù

Ç]FG ,

  } Q 7€

; ¥9

#&XY'

%('

n.)

#&%<'

¥

#&X' +

/Ž

’

8*9

œ   O 7 =

>U= û±RCøf

^ q

¼W

3

Ÿ_ŒO`³R™NYþQ>Aøb^>û$D†u?RCû¿Rj…H>H< Ç]FG

,

  ! Q 7€ ; ¥9 # XY'

%('

n.)

# %<'

¥# X'*+

/Ž’

8.9

œ  

OR7V= >W=

û¿RMø^

^

| q(…O

ÿ

þQR™^_þ½DG›>‚úTþQ>4<?]Fû¿RCø–Dø…úÚû¿RMø^

^

(yýEDF@\@

üQ>LNÒ]K

,

5 6 ± 7 /

/Ž’ 

#-XY' 8 9 ´ , p Ž

WyUÒþ–RCNÒ>Hø–<QNÒú›þQ>€QG›]…]hW ¿

Ž X"

ÂÀŽ

Œ  Q à à Y

Í9Q

Â1Ç

RCýF>Aø¿ú›þQ> ,Y,>HN}úTRCû$DEú›>FOú›þQ>SU;Z

®L®"–DFG}ú|rü3VúT]$D¿^]¼ø–Nhú_Dø…ú v:[>H^A]Fû¿>HN=

 Ž

’

g˜š

FX

œ Y ! ,Y

!

úTGy

gJš

,Y[XC

gJš

ok

gJš

,Y[XC

gJš

!R„1zæúTG+

g˜š

g˜š

k ,Y X

ú›GY , k Y , XC

gJš

g˜š

k X k

PSüQ>ºú›]æú›þQ>v¼übDF<?G_DEú›RC^×^]FøbNhú›G›DFRMø…ú¤X`X

k ! 

kO=úTþ–>¿NT]F@Cü?ú›RM]¼ø

R™NæøQ]¼øúTG›RCý…R™D@ÛRCøùF>HøQ>AG_D@fWcmJ]

ÿ

>HýF>AGLO Ç]FGV]QúTRCû¿DF@Jú›G›DFRMø–RMøQù

g˜š

gJš

k

!µe

gJš

 ^ e

g˜š

È ‹–O ,Y k ,Y XC

g˜š

g˜š

k X k !

e

g˜š

,

Y k ,YO¼Døb<½ú›þQ>;U;Z®L® –DFG}ú¦R™N‚úTþQ>Hø rü3¿úT]ãDX^]¼ø–N}ú›Dø…ú

g˜š

FX

œ Y ! „  Ž

’

zæúTG+

g˜š

g˜š

k ,Y X h

Œ

I(ŽQ@([Z g–]FG

ÿ

þQR¸ú›>Ïú›G›DFRMø–RMøQùSN}>v¼ü–>Aø–^A>FO@

g˜š

gJš

k ”  O

úTþ–>½N}]¼@Mü?ú›RM]¼øÇ]¼GÒúTþQ>½UG_DRCøQRMø–ù\¦DFG}úÒR™N

,

Xr!]

k ^

ÿ

þQ>HGT>

Døb<F]<?>HøQ]ú›>XþQ>AG›>ÛúTþQ>XüQøQRMú›DFGnrDF^kú›]FG_Nv]Kú›þQ>ºZ\RCøw@

ùFü–@CDFG RyDF@Mü–>½PJ>L^]Fû[]¼NTR¸ú›RM]¼ø-]

gJš

g˜š

k ,Y ! _^ ] k W

• ?–>+>—=˜4UÒþQ>Xû$D†u?RCû±R(…HDúTRC]Fø-]KE2„v^]¼GTG›>HN[]Fø–<QNÏúT]¿D¿N}ü–:–N8bDF^>

G›]ú›DúTRC]Fø;QGT]¼:Q@C>Aû2DFø–<-RCNŸNT]F@CýF>L<æRCøSb„ e O›b` eW

íaîcb¨?ð/¨Qñ/¤SöoïÚö­Að=öÇõLJ¨3¤Jö©…öoïÚódbFecfgQñ=ò˜¢ÚõJª

~øúTþQR™NVN}>L^kúTRC]Fø

ÿ

>.<?]¼øihú->AuwQ@C]FRMúæB\øQ]

ÿ

ø^A]FG›GT>H@CDúTRC]Fø–N¿]

úTþ–>³RCø3QüQú›NHOÛ@C>HD¼<?RCøQù ú›]Þ]FøQ@(ÞúTþQ>ì>uy–@M]¼R¸ú_DEúTRC]Fø ]K×úTþQ>YNTüQ:w@

N–DF^A>FWåUÒþQ>-ü–N}>-]KÒúTþ–RCN±DK3–GT]…DF^_þìRCNºGT>LNhú›GTR™^kú›>H<³ú›]åúTþ–>-^AD¼N}>

ÿ

þQ>HøßDÞø–]FR™N}>YNTüQ:–N–DF^A>³]×ú›þQ> N–DEú›RCDF@º^]EýEDG›R™Dø–^A>û$DEú›GTRju

>Au?R™Nhú_NAO¦RfW>FWS| q ÈU|QWYUÒþQ>V:Q@CRMø–< RMø3Ç]FG›û¿DúTRC]Fø >uwQGT>LNTNT>HN

úTþ–>Aø½ú›þQ>v]FGTúTþQ]¼ùF]FøbD@CR¸úo;]QúTþ–>4^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@¼úT]JúTþQ>vøQ]¼RCNT>4NTüQ:–N–DF^A>

(4)

T Î k

O6!s‹–WJNTRCøQù-D

ÿ

>ARCùFþ…ú›>H<K@C>HD¼NhúSNqv…ü–DG›>HNSDK3–GT]…DF^_þ

ÿ >

^]¼ûº:QRCøQ>ãú›þQ>º:–@MRCø–<åDFø–<úTG_DRCøQRCøQùn–DFG}ú_NŸRCø.Dnv…ü–DF<QG›DúTR™^½^G›R¸ú›>A@

G›RM]¼ø›

û¿RCø

O k  Ž

’

ƒ…ƒ

gJš

O\

gJš

ƒ…ƒ

Ž 4 |Ÿ;ƒ›ƒ ,T Î k O k

ƒ…ƒ

Ž q

ÿ

þQ>HGT> ƒ…ƒ} ƒ…ƒ

Ž

!úTGm}

k } R™NvúTþQ>9g–GT]¼:b>HøQRMübNÒøQ]FG›û ]K} W

gQü–G}ú›þQ>AGJ<Q>ú›DFRM@™NŸD:[]FüQúvú›þQR™N;DK3–GT]…DF^_þ-^HDøV:b>=Ç]¼üQø–<VRCø b„ eW

aî¡ í ¡Òñ/¨ô›¨Qïõ ˜¨3© ¨bõ–ð1ö-¨N«9ª/¢ï3©

gQ]FG½DV^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@{@C>AøQùFúTþì]K N\ûº:[]F@{[>AG›RM]?<QNHO1úTþ–>¿N›DûQ@C>H<

G›>H^>HRMý¼>H<VN}RCùFøbD@1^ADFøV:[>

ÿ

G›R¸úTúT>AøDFNEÇ]¼@M@C]

ÿ

N1

F-G

! $ ,

)+

O Q G

4SM

G h

~ømúTþQR™N$^AD¼N}>-úTþ–>åU;Z DFø–<

ž

@CRCø–< bDGTú›N¿RCø¼ú›>AGÇ>AG›>FO4þQ>Aø–^A>VúTþQ>

úTG_DRCøQRCøQù.DFø–<ì:Q@CRMø–<

3

–DFG}ú_NºDFGT>àø–]å@M]¼øQùF>HGºNT>–DFG›DF:Q@M>¼WåU]

^]¼ø…úTRCø…ü–>½úT]V>AuwQG›>HN›NŸú›þQ>

3

NT>bDG_DEúT>H@j¼O

ÿ

>±D¼NTNTüQû¿>ãú›þQ>×übN}>

]KÏD-^A?^@CR™^QG›>Az3uKDøb<KøQ>Aù¼@M>L^kúSúTþQ>±>=>H^úS]K¦ú›þQ>±RMø…úT>HG8Ç>HGT>Hø–^>

ÿ

RMúTþßúTþ–>ìúTG_DRCøQRMø–ùN}RCùFø–DF@

ÿ

þQ>Aøß>HýdDF@MübDEúTRCøQùÞú›þQ>Y:Q@CRMø–< W

9JN\û?úT]FúTR™^AD@C@(àRMøVú›þQ>ã@M>HøQùú›þ-]ú›þQ>X:Q@CRMø–<l–DFG}úDŸDø–<Ç]FG

|Ÿ ÈÊÈ

0

­&Œ

gJš

^

Xú›þQRCN±R™N×^A]FG›GT>L^kúLO{DFø–<Y@C>HD¼<QN;rü3 ú›]³D

^]¼ø–N}ú›Dø…ú yú›]

3

Ÿ ŒO`

! # ,

)G

+ bF k €Ÿ

G

A

 Ž

’  #

XY' 4  Ž

OS€Ÿ

G

3O

k

G

8

, F

€Ÿ

G

4å@CøŸ<?>úf

/Ž

’ 

#&XY'

4

/Ž

 O FŸ

G

wO

k

€Ÿ

G

8

e

! # ,

)G

+ bú›G€*

,

€Ÿ

G F FŸ

G F k FŸ

G

8L4 @Cø;<?>ú.*

,

€Ÿ

G e

!

# ,

)G

+ búTGf*

, FŸ

G ,*¯€Ÿ

G

8L4 @Cø;<?>ú.*

,

€Ÿ

G e

ÿ

þQ>HGT>

F

G ^ OS€Ÿ

G

RCNåúTþQ>mPg{U]±ú›þQ> NT>1v…üQ>Hø–^>

F ^ O

DEú úTþQ>ø–]FG›û¿DF@MR(…A>L< ÇG›>1v…üQ>Hø–^A Ÿ G ! G

# O-Døb<

,

*`€Ÿ

G

c!

F

G F k€Ÿ

G

vRCNŸD±þQRCùFþ–@j-øQ]FR™N8æ>HN}úTRCû¿DúT>X]K*`FŸ

G

kW

UÒþQ>¿û$D†u?RCû±R(…HDúTRC]Fø]K Ÿ O`S@M>LDF<QNSúT]K^A]EýdDFGTR™Døb^>ºû$Dú›^_þw@

RCøQù–W{UÒþQ> QG›]F:Q@C>Aû RCN‚ú›þQ>Aø$þ–]

ÿ

úT]½<Q]X^A]EýEDG›RCDFø–^>vû$DEú›^_þ–RMøQùX]

,

*¯FŸ

G ÿ

R¸ú›þ×DF^H^>1?ú›DF:Q@M>4^]FûQ@C>Au?RMúoFWgRCG_NhúLOHú›];ú_DBF>vDF<?ýEDFø¼ú_Dù¼>

]KúTþQ>ãDQGTRC]FG›R[B…ø–]

ÿ

@M>L<?ùF>S]KÚú›þQ>z–øQRMúT>X^_þ–DøQø–>A@=@M>HøQùú›þ‚r]FøQ@(

*¯23

^

‚!

4 7

^ 4 „ ^

h1hh

^ „ ^

7$DG›>¿øQ]Fø …A>AG›]–O

úTþ–>6*¯ ¿N}>v¼ü–>Aø–^A>VR™N¿ú›þQ>KRMø\ý¼>AG_N}>KP;g‚U2]KÊ*`FŸ

G

8O

ÿ

>å<?]

^]EýEDFGTR™Dø–^A>;û$DEú_^_þQRMø–ù×RCøæú›þQ>ÛúTRCû¿>Û<?]¼û$DRCøÚO\úTþQR™NÒN}þ–]FüQ@™<æDF@M@C]

ÿ

úT]$G›>H<Qü–^>ÛúTþ–>½^]FûQ@C>Au?RMúoFW

Z\>L^]Føb<1O±úT]Ê:b>D:–@M> úT]ß<?] úTþQ>^]EýEDFGTR™Dø–^A> û$DEú_^_þQRMø–ù–O

ÿ >

þ–Ddý¼>4ú›]Xü–N}>ŸDFø¿D3QG›]QG›R™DEúT>E–DFG›DFû±>AúT>HGTR(…HDúTRC]Fø½]bú›þQ>;^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@

úT]å^_þbDG_DF^kú›>AG›Rj…H>½ú›þQ>à^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@”ÇG›]FûúTþQ>à^A]FG›GT>H@CDúTRC]FøNT>1v…üQ>Hø–^>

,

*¯23kW“Í !

 4 ,

)

+-,

Í

R™NvDQG›>H<?R™^kú›]FGÇ]FGvúTþ–>X^_þbDøw@

øQ>H@-OSyvRjÍ 8OSy !RO

W gQ]FG9| qx}—±úTþ–>º^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@

QG›>H<?R™^kú›]FGŸù¼>AøQ>HGTR™^ADF@M@($>Au?R™Nhú_NŸDø–<-RCN„g-oBRÇ]¼GD| q™ÈtQO?úTþQR™N

^]¼ø–N}úTRMúTü?ú›>HN‚Dø½DK QGT] QG›RCDúT>”–DFG›DFû±>AúT>HGTR(…HDúTRC]FøX]K?ú›þQ>4^_þ–DFøQøQ>H@

OS ! Í ,

y—TWV\Xr!£Í

,

yºY X

gQ]¼Gl È Døb< }

$ # %('

# XY' # %<'

úTþ–>¯QG›>H<?R™^kú›]FGV^ADø

:[>->HýdDF@MübDEúT>L<"ÇGT]¼û

,

^ ! ‹ ^

h1hh

^

7¼O‚úTþQR™Nz3u?>HNºúTþQ>

^_þ–DFøQøQ>A@$ü ú›]ßD üQøQRMú›DFG û¿DúTG›R\u/ OSyR!, Í, ,

YUX,

*‚y

/Ž

’”

! Í ,

yºYZY k Í

y8W

m;]

ÿ

>Aý¼>AGŸüQø–@MRCBF>½RCøúTþ–>bDúS^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@^HDFNT>FO–úTþQ>HGT>½R™N;ø–]$úTG›RMý\R™D@

û¿>ú›þQ]?<½ú›]Û>LNhú›RMû$DúT> X :y½I`®ÏW†

ÿ

>4G›>H<Qü–^>vúTþ–>v>uwQ@M]¼R¸ú_DEú›RM]¼ø

]KÍn wO !RO

]¼G ÍxKwO

G

!‘O

! G

ú›]CY Î ¥k O ! ‹

Døb<ÍxKwO

G

! ‹

^

È ‹"[DFø–<K^]¼ûº:QRCøQRCøQù$RMú

ÿ

RMúTþúTþ–>½úTG_DRCøw@

RCøQùN–DFG}úæRCøD

ÿ

>ARCùFþ…ú›>H<m@M>LDFN}ú-Nqv¼übDG›>HNàD3QG›]¼DF^_þO4ú›þQ>AøúTþQ>

G›>HNTüQ@¸ú±RCN¿DN}RCûQ@M> v…ü–DF<QG›DúTR™^æ^G›RMúT>AG›RC]FøÚWÆgQüQGTúTþ–>AG±GT>LN}üQ@Mú›N×]Fø

úTþ–RCN;D3QG›]¼D¼^_þ-^ADFø-:[>=Ç]Fü–ø–<VRMøSb„ eW

a±ídî\=ö¥¤Jô›© ¢?ð1öÇòïL­

gRCù–WE7àú›]$#^]¼ø–N}R™<?>HG½úTþ–>bDú±^_þ–DFøQøQ>H@v^HDFNT>

ÿ

RMúTþ Då:Q@MRCø–<

–DFG}úŸ]K‚@M>HøQùú›þl Ÿ !N ‹‹–O¼ú›þQ>ã^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@1R™N Nƒl„lŒ ƒ;|

Ç]FG g‚RMùbW 7ÛDø–<;„?O N€ƒ\NÇ]FG g‚RMùbW>G×Dø–<N–O?Dø–<;„=ƒ N|Ç]FG g‚RMùbW `

Døb<%#–W ‹³>.^]¼ûbDG›>-ú›þQ>.^A@CD¼NTNTRC^HD@ŸU;ZÞDK QGT]…DF^_þ

ÿ

R¸ú›þÞúTþQ>

Z

ž'&

PXZ

ž

DK QGT]…DF^_þQ>LNàDøb<

ÿ

R¸ú›þúTþ–> ÷ G_Dû¿>AG@BJD]

ž

]FüQø–<

÷ B ž

ŸRMøú›>AG›û¿N;]K¦øQ]FG›û$D@CRj…H>H<-û¿>HDøKNqv…ü–DG›>ã>HN}úTRCû$DEúTRC]Fø>HG8@

G›]FG9(JI.Z3~kWw~ø gRCù–W˜7¼O>G×Dø–<`XúTþ–>9[>AGÇ]FG›û$Dø–^A>HNÏDFGT>SùFRCýF>Hø

Ç]FGÛ<?R)[>HGT>Hø¼úXU;Z@C>AøQùFúTþ–N

ÿ

R¸ú›þDz3u?>L<.Z*(_B –n!r71‹  + O ÿ þQ>Aø

Ç]FGLg‚RMùbW&„?ON.DFø–<,#úTþ–>[>AGÇ]FG›û¿DFø–^>LN½DG›>àù¼RMý¼>Aø"Ç]FG±<?R-=>AG@

>Aø…ú×Z*(9B

ÿ

R¸ú›þ

gJš

! N–W$UÒþQ>$G›>HNTüQ@¸ú_NãN}þ–]

ÿ

úTþbDEú

ÿ

þQ>HGT>HýF>AG

úTþ–>Û^A]Fø–<?RMúTRC]Føl Ÿ ÈÊÈ?–

g˜š

RCNÇüQ@jz–@C@M>L<1O\úTþ–>9QG›][]¼NT>H< Z ž

DK QGT]…DF^_þDF^_þQRC>Aý¼>HN4úTþ–> ÷ B ž

WbUÒþQ> Z ž

[>AGÇ]FG›û$Dø–^A>HNŸNTþQ]

ÿ

Då@CRCøQ>HDFGº:[>Aþ–Ddý\RC]FG

ÿ WGLWú×úTþQ>Z*(_BãO¦DFø–<Y]FüQú[>AGÇ]FG›ûú›þQ>VU;Z

DK QGT]…DF^_þì:yYDåù¼D ^]¼GTG›>HNb]¼ø–<?RCøQùåDK QGT]fu?RCû$DEúTRCýF>H@j.úT].úTþQ>

G›>A@™DEúTRCýF>×GT>L<?ü–^úTRC]Fø³]Kyú›þQ>¿ø…ü–ûº:[>AGX]KvGT>LD@&–DG_Dû¿>ú›>AG_N;ú›]:b>

>HN}úTRCû$DEú›>H<" Ç]FGfNƒS„N/@Mø ,/.

°

!#  0+ O(Nƒ1N?/@Cø21

Ž

,/.

! G  0+

Døb<`„ƒ<N;×@Cø ,/.

,

Ž43

7  + WvUÒþQ> Z ž

N›DEú›üQG_DEúT>LNEÇ]FG;ý¼>AGqæþQRCùFþ

Z*(9Bm<QüQ>vúT]XúTþ–>v@™DF^_Bº]K[^A]Fø–NTR™Nhú›>Aø–^ÇRCø¿Z5(_B_{]–ú›þQ>;^_þ–Dø–øQ>A@

–DFG}ú;>LNhú›RMû$DEú›>H<:Q@CRCø–<?@(FW;UÒþQR™NJ<?]\>LN}øihúSD3b>LDG;RCøúTþ–>º^AD¼N}>ã]

úTþ–>ÛPXZ

ž

RMø

ÿ

þQR™^_þæD@C@bRCøwÇ]¼GTû$DEú›RM]¼ø$>AuwQ@C]FRMúT>L<$RCNv^]¼ø–NTRCN}úT>Hø¼úvRMø

Z*(9BãW”m;]

ÿ

>AýF>HGHOúTþ–>-PXZ

ž

RCN×N}ü–:b] ?úTRCû$D@

ÿ

þQ>Aø? q ÈU

Nƒ¯„ŸDFø–<R¸ú_ND[>AGÇ]FG›û$Dø–^A>½GT>L<?ü–^A>HNÒú›]àúTþbDEúJ]‚ú›þQ>×U;ZåDKw@

QG›]¼D¼^_þnÇ]FGD f=t–W

×õ §‚ïò76n© ¨Qó98-¤_¨–ï1ð›­

~yüQG5:>H^A]Fû0hN G›>HNT>HDG_^_þ R™N –DGTúTR™D@C@j NTü33[]FGTúT>L<:y RMú›NÞRCøw@

<?ü–N}úTG›R™D@”–DFG}ú›øQ>AG_Nã9SNT^A]FûO‚Z

ÿ

R™N›NT^A]FûOUÒþ–DF@M>LN ÷ ]Fû¿ûºü–øQRC^HD†@

úTRC]FøbNAOŸZ?U IKR™^G›]…>H@M>L^kú›GT]¼øQRC^HNAO ÷ ~ ~4U ~ ®yOg–G›DFø–^>åU;:>H@:>H^]¼ûO

ž

]Fü3\ù¼üQ>HN-U>H@M>L^]FûO_mJR¸ú_DF^_þQR€~ÏüQGT] b>‚®1ú›<ÚWDFø–<U>AuQDFN~øw@

N}úTG›üQû¿>Aø…ú›NHW/UÒþQ>

ÿ

]FG›B G›>[]FGTúT>H<mþQ>HGT>HRMø

ÿ

DFNæD@™N}]S–DFG}ú›RCDF@M@(

NTü33[]FGTúT>H<-:yàú›þQ>9gQG›>Aø–^_þ B'(9B‚URQG›]&fh>L^kúD~ B;I`hU9 ~vZ=W

<¨5=y¨Qñ/¨Qïõ ¨ ­

>

„@?J`FxdeÒzڍ_cAk_’‘ŒdidCB[CD‚ehndehs‘cfek…_ndxED4F¦G± Š ’‘iAg žFÏ€=’‘s‘nLx½_ndx½pfehjŸsH

œd’‘s‘ndxÒj;›“Hs‘jvaLjIHo’‘s‘žkeh’‘s‘ŒdiHiAx{qte}gfŒdndsKJAadehp[£Cikc–jvaL’qfsHoaLpfehcQjvad’qts‘g ŒE_ndnLe}’

s‘xdehnAqtsLEg}›qts‘ikn…Jlon4M ©N}«PO7QSRL©N@TVU ªXWZY\[]WªX^ M ©N}«_U}§ §_[-WV]Z`NWbacO!dQfe*g

YihM `Sj*k •ÚŒdiHxLe}p}\l‚cfehehghek

Š

eh‹Lq}\„}wkwXmL

>

un?J4oGXehxd’‘ehp}d`dxde4zڍ_cAk_’‘ŒdidE_ndxD4F¦G± Š ’‘iHgfžF7B\s‘nde}_c‹Lcfehxds‘g~qfs‘ikn

œE_pfehx¿ptehjŸsHoœd’‘s‘ndx½ehptqts‘j;›qfs‘ikn×i_£jŸs‘jŸi'Ldc4g Œd_ndndeh’‘pTÛlon2M

©N}«PO!pk©q

r

N©ts_§uvN@TwNXW'Y\[K]XWª^

M

©N}«_UT§f§_[)WV]Ϥ9qXx_ªXW«_U}§![-W

r

[¸©U/^U}§ §y`NXzfzyRvW{[-g

« ªk¨|[)NWE§/d|Y M ¤ r `;}V~~X@k oFQ_ib€HaE_n…oFQ_sÚ_n¼oGã_cfg ŒSu ‡k‡ „k

>

†n?S•yV‚ikcfnJ_ndxSz‚•yVƒkikŒdndptikn……„ ªk¨™©@[†4¤!WªX^‡k§t[M§ Qzڍ_j4œdcfs‘xvˆke!‰ndsAehcH

pfsqŠ€Jƒ[ctehpfpTF„}wkwL„k

>‰ ? Š 4{ƒA›£C_cT

Š

{‹{s‘pfŒÚ_nE›qtŒ…¼_ndxXÏCl‚ik’‘xdpfjŸsqtŒ…z=ŒE_nLndeh’–g}_‹E_ghsqŠ€

_ndxvœe}_jÒ£MikcfjŸs‘niˆ1£Mikc–j4ad’qts‘‹d’‘e[qtc _ndptjŸsqQ_ndxvctehg}ehsAeڍ_nqfehndnd_p7sqfŒ

ghibAk_ctsŽ_ndghe4£Mehe}xLœE_g žlonEM

©NT«nO5hX`S`Œ}V~~X

0‚e}’‘pts‘ndžAs™E”Qs‘nd’Ž_ndx…\ƒkadn…

u ‡k‡ „k

?Žl4‚ρnl‚ik’‘adœÏ_ndx4z‚”1/‹[_nB\i_n…i„

ªk¨™©@[†f`Nz9ToRL¨oªk¨|[)NXWE§

FŒLe‘ƒkikŒdndp

‚ik‹džAs‘ndp9‰ndsAehctpfsqŠ€;ƒ[ctehpfpTHqfŒLs‘cfxJe}xLsqfs‘iknXehxdsqts‘ikn…¼„}wkw ˆ 

(5)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

−26

−24

−22

−20

−18

−16

−14

Pilot length

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=2, Nrx=4, SNR=10 db, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆdd„k½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxIG Š `˜›q[g ŒE_ndndeh’™ -u ‰ ‰‡k‡ 

Š —• „‡ xdœ…

−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

−35

−30

−25

−20

−15

−10

−5

SNR(dB)

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=2, Nrx=4, NTS=4, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆduL½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxIG

Š

`˜›q[g ŒE_ndndeh’™ -u ‰

‰‡k‡



‰ 

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

−25

−24

−23

−22

−21

−20

−19

−18

−17

Pilot length

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=4, Nrx=4, SNR=10 db, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆd†L½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxIG Š `˜›q[g ŒE_ndndeh’™ ‰ ‰ ‰‡k‡ 

−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

−35

−30

−25

−20

−15

−10

−5

SNR(dB)

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=4, Nrx=4, NTS=4, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆd ‰ ½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxfG Š `˜›qbg ŒE_ndnLe}’™ ‰

‰ ‰‡k‡ 

‰ 

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

−23

−22

−21

−20

−19

−18

−17

Pilot length

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=4, Nrx=2, SNR=10 db, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆd



½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxfG Š `˜›qbg ŒE_ndnLe}’™ ‰ Vu ‰‡k‡ 

Š —•Y„ ‡ xdœ…

−5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

−30

−25

−20

−15

−10

−5

SNR(dB)

NMSE(dB)

Ntx=4, Nrx=2, NTS=4, NB=400

TS GSB DSB CRB

”QsKˆd ˆ ½—ikcfj;_’‘shehxfG Š `˜›qbg ŒE_ndnLe}’™ ‰ Vu ‰‡k‡ 

‰ 

Références

Documents relatifs

An unstructured approach based on modeling the eective user channels as unknown FIR lters is compared with two structure d methods that exploit a priori knowledge about the

[r]

Whereas we have considered block fading so far in this paper, we conjecture that these results extend to the continu- ous transmission (CT) case: in steady-state, channel estima-

puts, most of the blindmultichannelidenticationtech- niques are not very robust and only allow to estimate the channel up to a number of ambiguities, especially in the MIMO case. On

Blind channel estimation techniques have also been devel- oped for time-varying channels, by using so-called Basis Expansion Models (BEMs), in which the time-varying chan-

Indeed, although a Rice distribution is well known to enhance the performance with respect to the Rayleigh one in the SISO case, these results cannot be straightforwardly extended

We establish the three-dimensional tradeoff between reliabil- ity (i.e. diversity), throughput (i.e., multiplexing gain), and delay (i.e., maximum number of retransmissions).

This tradeoff is the same as for a frequency-flat MIMO channel with the larger of the number of receive or transmit antennas being mul- tiplied by the delay spread.. In this paper