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HENIsHew SK' Monnow E (rgg0) Induced.abortion:

a world reuiew, Igg0 supplement. Ney yol!, it", Crit_icher Institute.

LrsrrN Ls (r990) co-pri"aiionr Jr

"il".,t"" in deveroping countries.

,, Porulal!o1 reports, 3"ri., F, No.7"' MAHLER H (t997)

th:^Sqle Motherhood Initiative: a call to action.

Lancet, l(9534): 668--670

Mresneu AR, RocHer RW (19g7) StowiryS t, o m e n t h r o u s h fa m i t y p t a n n i n g.' T e"rrn i"lu r d:itl the stork: better health for i;,i*;. ;;;, p repa red for the Internationar'conteieice'Ji'Better

Hearth for women and Children Throuqh Family Flr;;"g, "Nairobi. Kenya, October t9g7

lilli:$i,r;3';ll. p"p"i"ii

" "' c,i'"""}, D;; H;-,;iluj,,; pr aza. N ew

NCHS (1990) vitar and heatth statistics-supprelnews uitar statistics Datq on Na^titi, utriiiii-ii[*'iii". reDorr: aduonce ,;;o:;;t, tcsi, s"ii"r" ii,'t"*iit"tions tu the monthryof -oiroue and Inducei Terminarions

"{r{ri:,5,::.* r, N o. 4 . H v" t i'"iiri' ffi51' N u, i or" r c*i"i ?", H ea r th

RonaeNle' child Hearth. M or t aritar, o *ir"inl. n""rr"*r!-tr"prffiri MrNrsrnv or Heer-rH (r ggl) Directorate for Maternar anddocument).

RospNprno A, MnrNr

Zq?Ssi il;t"inj'_o.,utity_a n"gi""t"o tragedy;

where is the M in MC-i? tiiri,"i(ti+6): 83_85.

RoysroN E, AnusrnoNc S, eds. 1tltl.1'b'r"r"nt ing ma ternal deat hs.

_ Geneva, World Health oieiiiiti(,".'' Trcrzp, C (1981) Induced m"friii,

"^irorta r"ri"r, Ig8l,4thed. New _ York_, The populatlon Councii

trErzE C, HrNsHew SK (19g6) Induced abortion: a world reuiew,6th ed.

__ New,york, Alan Guttm""i";-il;;i;;;.

u"lT?_\.o'roNs. ';:, ( I e 8 2) n in i i u, i ii' i i" * o g, np n i c in di c a r o r s o f

!f;::r:"y"ates and proiertiorr oi-irrirria rr lpaT. iv"r"'vort,

UNrroNerroNs (1991) United Nations demographic indicators of

i:I1!{fr::r:":rates and proiertio^ oi-irrirria rn iiio. N"*"'v*rr,

wHo (1986) Maternar-mortarity:

helping women off the road to death.

._ .-Y!t O c hroni c te, 40(5): I ZS_ i'gr.'-''"'e "

WHO (1990) Romania: on the road to success. Safe motherhood: a __ - n_e w s I e t I e r of w o r I dw ide ac t iu it y,' ksi" j, I _z

wHO (l9gl) Abortion-'a taburaiioi tf *oitoot" da-ta Motherhood, and mortalitv of unsafe o.bortioii,.- wHo/MCH /90'r4:availabte on *qr"rir.* worid H*jtt. ore";i;i;;,. I z r.l ceneva 27,:1"*itr".tuna).d"i"iu runpuurished Maternar Hearth and Safeon thefrequencydocument

wHo (1993) (unpublisheddocumentwHo/FH'Elnndirpl.t Abortion: o mo"toiio-i'iJ'ii)iobre data,2nd j;;"-;ii;;o-,i,."qu"rted. Geneva from Maternal Health

""ts;i; iafii,"ii".a, World Heatth Organizatio n, I2t I C"niu i ]S'*iir".f""al.

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Brc-uu SF sr eL. (1984) A study on menstruar reguration prouiders in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh Association Ior prevention of Septic Abortion.

Becur'r_SF Ernr- (1985)

.Eualuation of MR seruices and training programs.

_ Dhaka, Bangladesh Association for prevention of Septic Aifrtion.

Fr-nHeur-r D Erer-. (1988) The superuision of health persinnel at district _ leuel. Geneva, World Health Organization.

FnsroMeN MA Ernr-. (1986) compirison of comprication rates in first trimester abortions -performed 6y physician asiistants and physicians.

American journal of public health,76(5): 550_554.

L e o r p o O A r r e l . ( 1 9 7 8 ) M e n s t r u a l r e g u l a t i o n i n l b a d a n . N i g e r i a .

^ Intern.ational journal of gynecology and obstetric.s, l5(5): qlS_-iZZ.

Srenns A (1987) Preuenting t.he tragedy of maternar deiths: a report on the International Safe Motherhood Coderince. Washington, DC,'World Bank.

WryO (1985) Preuention of maternal mortality. Report on a WHO

Interre gional M ee ting. Geneva, world Heitttr or ganization (unpublished

$-ocgrye1t FHE/86 r; available on request from division of Family Health, world Health- organization,i2rl Geneva 27, switzeriand).

wHo (1991) Essential elements of obstetric care at first'referral leuel.

Geneva, World Health Organization.

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Bnurselyr A (1984) Selected factors influencing the coverase of an MCH

^ clini_c_in Lagos, Nigeri a.,Journal of tropicalf,ediatrics, 16ijD, iSA_ZOl . Coox RJ (1989) Abortion laws and policies: challenges and' ' -

opportunities. In: Rosenfield A ef al., eds. wome-n's health in the Third world:-the impact of unwanted pregnancy. Internationar journar of _ gynecology and obstetrics, Supplement :: Ot_tZ.

Devtn H rreL', eds. (1978) Aborlion in psychosociar perspectiue: trends -- in transnational reseprc&. New york,'springer.

Fnrsx.N4eN EK (1981) Alternative medical ieruices in rural ranzania: a physician's view. Social science and medicine, l5B(3): 3gg_404.

HsNsHew sK, Monnow E (1990) Induced abortion: q'worrd reuiew, 1990 supplement. New York, Alan Guttmacher Institute.

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London, International planned parenthood Federation.

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