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HAL Id: jpa-00229675

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00229675

Submitted on 1 Jan 1989

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LIPID AND SIMPLE LIQUID SURFACES

J. Als-Nielsen

To cite this version:

J. Als-Nielsen. LIPID AND SIMPLE LIQUID SURFACES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1989, 50

(C7), pp.C7-21-C7-22. �10.1051/jphyscol:1989702�. �jpa-00229675�

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COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE

C o l l o q u e C7, s u p p l b m e n t a u n O I O , Tome 5 0 , o c t o b r e 1989

LIPID AND SIMPLE LIQUID SURFACES

J. ALS-NIELSEN

R i s g f N a t i o n a l L a b o r a t o r y , DK-4000 R o s k i l d e , Denmark

La rCflectivitC des rayons X sur une surface liquide en incidence rasante 5 des angles a supirieurs B l'angle K, de rkflexion totale fournit des informations ditaillies sur le profil de densite Clectronique moyenne p(z) au niveau de la surface. On montre ais6ment1 que le rapport de la rkflectiviti observCe R(a) sur la r6flectivitC de Fresnel RF(K), qui correspond B un profil de densite infiniment abrupt, est donne par la transfornee de Fourier du gradient de densit6

p'(z)

:

o t ~ Q = 2k sin a est le transfert de vecteur d'onde pour la riflexion spCculaire.

La mithode a Cte utilistk pour Ctudier : (i) la rugosite thermique des liquides simples2 (ii) l'ordre srnectique des cristaux liquides3.4*5

(iii) les monocouches d'acides gas6, de surfactants7, de phospholipides8 sur l'eau et les rnicro- Cmulsions9.

On peut renforcer le contraste entre la monocouche, la phase sous-jacente ou des parties spicifiques de molicules en rempla~ant les rayons X par des neutrons thenniques, aprbs substitution isotopiquelO. La rCflectivitC des neqtrons est Cgalement sensible au magnetisme de surface.

Les structures dans le p1an6.778 peuvent Ctre obtenues par diffraction en incidence rasante pour des angles cx proches de ac.

a b s t r a c t

X-ray reflectivity of a liquid surface a t glancing angles a well beyond t h e glancing angle ac for total reflection yields detailed information a b o u t t h e average electron density profile p(z) across t h e surface. It i s easily shown1 t h a t t h e ratio of t h e observed reflectivity R(a) a n d t h e F r e s n e l reflectivity RF(a) corresponding to a n infinitely s h a r p density profile m e a s u r e s t h e F o u r i e r transform of t h e density gradient p'(z) :

R ( a ) / R ~ ( a l = I$p' (z)exp(iQz) dzl2

Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1989702

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with Q = 2ksina being the wavevectortransfer a t specular reflection.

The method has been used to investigate (i) thermal roughness of simple liquids2 (ii) smectic layering of liquid crystals 3,4,5

(iii) monolayers on water of fatty acid&, surfactants7, phospholipids8 and of microemulsions Q

Using thermal neutrons beams in stead of X-rays one can enhance the contrast between monolayer and subphase and of specific parts of molecules by isotope substitutionlo. Neutron reflectivity is also sensitive to surface magnetism.

In-plane structures6,7,8 can be deduced from grazing incidence diffraction for a near ac.

1. J. Als-Nielsen in "Topics in Current Physics" 43,181 (1987), (Springer- Verlag).

2. A. Braslau, P.S. Pershan, G. Swislow, B. Ocko and J. Als-Nielsen, Phys. Rev.

A38,2457 (1988) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 54,114 (1985).

3. P.S. Pershan, A. Braslau, A.H. Weiss and J. Als-Nielsen, Phys. Rev. A35, 4800 (1987).

4. B.M. Ocko, A. Braslau, P.S. Pershan, J. Als-Nielsen and M. Deutsch, Phys.

Rev. Lett. 57,94 (1986).

5. E.F. Gramsbergen, W.H. deJeu and J. Als-Nielsen, J. Phys. (Paris) 47, 711 (1986).

6. K. Kjaer, J .Ah-Nielsen, C.A. Helm, P. Tippman-Krayer and H. Mohwald (to be publ. J. Phys. Chem.).

7. S.G. Wolf, L. Leiserowitz, M. Lahav, M. Deutsch, K. K j ~ r , J. Als-Nielsen, Nature 328,63 (1987) and Science 242,1286 (1988).

8. C.A. Helm, H. Mohwald, K. Kjaer and J. Als-Nielsen, Europhys. Lett. 4,697 (1987) and Biophys. J. 52,381 (1987).

9. D. Schwartz, A. Braslau, B. Ocko, P.S. Pershan, J. Als-Nielsen, J.S. Huang, (submitted to Phys.Rev.A).

10. M.J. Grundy, R.M. Richardson, S.J. Roser, J. Penfold and R.C. Ward, Thin Solid Films 159,43 (1988).

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