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N6-methyladenine: the other methylated base of DNA.

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HAL Id: inserm-00390682

https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00390682

Submitted on 31 Jul 2009

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N6-methyladenine: the other methylated base of DNA.

David Ratel, Jean-Luc Ravanat, François Berger, Didier Wion

To cite this version:

David Ratel, Jean-Luc Ravanat, François Berger, Didier Wion. N6-methyladenine: the other methy-lated base of DNA.. BioEssays, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2006, 28 (3), pp.309-15. �10.1002/bies.20342�. �inserm-00390682�

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* 9 ?72 >( 0 2 (7 2 2 & " 2 (7 +0>& +0 >& 1 5 7 >( 7 88 ( , 2 2 (7 8 5 2 7 ( 2 2, 8 ( 22 8E , 2 0 ( , <3 = :( & " 7 : 5 ( , 5( <33 3$= 2 ( 5 2 2 ( 5 5 8 0 < 3 = <3* 3;= ( 8 -5 <34= ' 2 2 ( ? ,7 5 5 5( 75 8 - 25 ( 7 0 2 ( ( 2 , 7 2, 8 1 7 ' : 9 2 7 , , <;= >( ( 9 : 0 2 (7 8 9 5 & " & " 0 2 (7 8 7 , F 7 2 (7 8 G <34= 8 , 7 ! " <* C %= 9 2 & " -5 <4= ( 8 0 5 <3$ 3%= ( 2 5 8 :( (( 2 & " , F 7 G <3$= ( 0 2 (7 8 , 5 ( 7 ( 7 -5 8 2 < 3&= <; 3. $3= >( 5 8 5 ( 7 ( 0 2 (7 , : 8 , <$$ $*= ( , 9 : ( 240 5 0 8 2 9 7 2 2, 8 ( &( 27 2 &( H-7 ( E 2 2

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C 2 <;C= ( 7 8 ! 0 5 2 <;%= ( 2 5 2 <;.= 7 ( 5 2 7, 8 5 ( 5 2 7 -5 -5 2 ,O 2 (7 1 8 ( , 2 & " 8 <4) 4 = 5 ( 2 ( 8 8240 ( 7 85 5 2 <43 4*= :( 8240 2 22 88 <4; 44= ! >( 8 ( ( 5 7 ,7 0 2 (7 8 , , 7 ( , ? 7 7 ( 25 ( 5 , 8 8 2 (7 9 7 0 >( 5 9 : 8 ( 2 (7 ( 2 0 8 8 ( 52 8 : , , 0 2 (7 8 " ( 5 , 7 ( 0 2 (7 ( 8 7 8 2 5 ( , 8 - 25 ( 5 9 8240 ( 0 8$ ( , , ( 8 : 2 ( <4C 4%= ( 8: 5 ( 8 ( 8 8 2 (7 9 7 8 2 ( 2 :( ( 2 9 8 0 ( 5 5 8 0 1 87 ( 5 8240 ,7 2 82 :( ( ( 5 ( 2 (7 B 5 :( ( ( 8 , 2 (7 0 ( 5 , 8 8 2 (7 , 2 9 ( 22 0 , 5 2 ( ,7 722 2 <4. C = >( 8 : ( ( ,O 8( 22 0 5 ( 2 8 2

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% 8 2 2 ( 240 , ( 8 ( 2 2;& <;)= ' ( 5 8 240 7 5 5 8 5 ( -5 8 ( 88 7 240 2 22 0 5 1 ( F G 2 (7 8 2 22 0 ( - 8 4 0 2 (7 8 2 22 2 7 0 2 (7 8 :( ( , 82 7 8 ?72 , 4 2 (7 8 2 (2 ( : 97 P+P+ 2 2 8 ( ,7 " 0 2 (7 8 7 2 7 < B =EE<QB= 2 8<C3= H ( , 8 25 7 5 0 2 (7 8 ( , 8 ( 2 2 2 <44 C$= ( ( ( 0 2 (7 ( 8 8 2 8 7 2 5 ( ( 5 ( 9 8 9 7 , 72, ( 82 ( ( : 8 ( ! & ' &$ !( " ) * + )' % , -./ (

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. " ! # $ !

Eucarya

Archaea

Eubacteria

Euryarchaeota Methanobacteriales Mycobacteria 0 , Cyanobacteria Proteobacteria Enterobacteriales

Indirect evidence (restriction enzyme digestion) Direct evidence (chromatography, mass spectrometry)

" myxomycetes Animals Protista Slimemolds - mouse - rat vertebrates - mosquito Arthropoda Ciliates - Chlamydomonas reinhardi - Oxytricha fallax - Paramecia aurelia - Tetrahymena thermophila - Tetrahymena pyriformis - Physarum flavicomum Mycoplasma Caulobacter Acholeplasma - arginini - capricolum - hyorhinis - orale - laidlawii - smegmatis - tuberculosis - bacteroides - E. Coli - Arabidopsis thaliana - Maize - Rice - Wheat Viridiplantae Plants Halobacteriales - saccharovorum - sodomense - trapanicum - sp. Methanomicrobiales - Methanospirillum - Methanolobus - Methanogenium - bryantii - sp. FR2 - formicicum

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) " !% $

m6A m6A m6A m6A m6A m6A

m6A m6A m6A

T G Replication A B G C

m6A m6A m6A m6A m6A GCm6A

Methyl-directed mismatch repair

D

C

Bacterial virulence

transcriptional regulation through methylation of rare specific regulatory element(s)

functional interaction with m5C mismatch repair

transposon motility chromosome compaction immortal DNA strand imprinting mitochondrial genome imprinting

viral DNA imprinting prior to degradation What a few hundred m6A could do

in eukaryotic cells DNAs: Restriction-modification systems m6A A & ' ' () * 0= 2 8 7 2 8 , 8 2 ,7 0 >( 7 2 25 8 , ?72 :( ( 5 8 1 5( 0 7 0 2 (7 8 :( ( ? ( 2 ( ( ?72 5 , 0 8 2 : ?72 < = = ! 2 (7 2 ( 7 2 (7 : 7 7 ( ? 25 2 7 0 5 >( 2 ( , 8 ( 2 (7 2 2 ( 5 :( ( 2 9 ( : 7 7 ( ? 7 &=

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