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Statistique des interactions dans l'Univers : des molécules aux galaxies

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HAL Id: tel-00003126

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003126

Submitted on 15 Jul 2003

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Statistique des interactions dans l’Univers : des

molécules aux galaxies

Gary Mamon

To cite this version:

Gary Mamon. Statistique des interactions dans l’Univers : des molécules aux galaxies. Astrophysique

[astro-ph]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. �tel-00003126�

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✖✘✗✚✙✜✛✣✢✥✤✦✢✔✙☎✧✩★✫✪✭✬✮✢✯✙ ✰ ✱✲✢✔✳✴✢✵✬✷✶✸✗✹✢✔✳✴✢✔✺✻✛✮✙ ✗✽✼ ✾ ✿ ✺✻✛✣✬✮❀❁✤✦✪✦✶❂✛✮✗✚❀✫✺ ❃ ❄ ➀❄ ✌✥♥✧✄✂✄✿❱❷✑❄✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥❆❅ ✒ ❂❅♥ ✒ ❂❲✂çÿ✳③✢❂ ➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❇ ❄ ➀❉❈ ♣❯✿❴♥✪❃❂❤✇❱✄❂❊❅❴③✝✿●❋ ÿ✳③❸➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❇ ❍ ■❊❏ ✗❑✳✴✗✚✢▲✤✭✢✯✙▼✢✔✺✻✰✭✗✹✬✮❀✻✺✦✺✭✢✯✳◆✢✯✺✫✛✮✙▼✶✸✗✚✬❖✶✸✪✦✳P✙✜✛✣✢✔◗✚◗✚❘❙✗✹✬✮✢✔✙ ❚ ❈❱➀❄ ✌✥♥✧✄✂✄✿❱❷✑❄✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❯ ❈❱➀❉❈ ✔◗♥✸❱✳❂❲③✢✿✳✾✑✾❀❂❅❝❑✆❅☎✢✂✄✆❅❄✑①❿❝❁❃❂❅③✢③éÿ✳☎✢✂❁❂❲❝❯✆➅ÿ✳✂❲❋ ✿❴♥ ✒ ❂❅❂❲❝❿➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❳ ❈❱➀❨❇ ✔◗♥✸❱✳❂❲③✢✿✳✾✑✾❀❂❅❝❑✆❅☎✢✂✄✆❅❄✑①❿❝❁❃❂❅③✢③éÿ✳☎✢✂❁❂❲❝❯✿✹✇❱❇✔❅ ✒ ❂❲♥ ✒ ❂❲❂❲❝❥➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄✣❩ ❈❱➀❭❬ ❍ ✂çÿ✳♥✑❝❫❪❂❅✂❁④❷ ÿ✳♥✑❝✶③✝❂❲❝☞✂➩ÿ✁☎✢❂❲❝☞❷✈❂➁♣☞☛ ➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄✣❩ ❈❱➀❉❴ ✔◗♥✸❱✳❂❲③✢✿✳✾✑✾❀❂❅❝❑✆❅☎✢✂✄✆❅❄✑①❿❝❁❃❂❅③✢③éÿ✳☎✢✂❁❂❲❝❭ÿ✁❄✈❃✿❴❄✈✂☞❷❛❵ ✒ ❂❤❃✿❴☎✝③✢❂❅❝❝❜❁❂❲❄✑♥✑❂❅❝➁➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄●❄ ❈❱➀❨❞ ✔◗✾✈☎✢③✢✿❂❅❴❄✑❂ ➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❈ ❃ ❡❁❀❢✬❖✳✴❘❣✛✮✗✹❀✫✺❤✢✸✛❥✐✢✸✰✻❀✫◗✚✪✭✛✣✗✚❀✫✺❦✤✭✢✔✙❧★❢❘❙◗✹❘❣✼✭✗✹✢✔✙ ✾ ❃ ❇❈➀❄ ❧➂✿✳✂✄①✹ÿ✁❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❂♠❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝☞❂❅✶③✢❂✉✾✈✂✄✿●❋✑③♦♥❂❲①❿❂✉❷✑❄❊❝✄❄✑✂✙❺✥✂✄❂♣❪ ✂✄✿❴☎✝❷✑☎✢❝❁❝✄❂❅①❩❂❅♥✧ ➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❇ ❇❈➀❉❈ ❋❑♥ ÿ✳③✺❇❱❝✄❂r❝✄❂❅①❩☎✯❺ ÿ✳♥ ÿ✁③✝❇✧❃☎rq❱❄✈❂✍❂❅✵③♦❵✿❴✂❁☎s❅❴☎✝♥✑❂❑❷✑❂r③éÿ➁❝ ✒ ❂✟q✧❄✑❂❅♥✑✆❲❂✓❷✑❂q❏④❄t❋t❋✈③✢❂ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❴ ❇❈➀❨❇ ❍❘ÿ✳❄❱✇✡❷✑❂✍✆❅✿ ÿ✳③✝❂❲❝✄✆❅❂❲♥✑✆❅❂❲❝✶❂❅◆❷✑❂✍✆❲✿✳③✢③✢☎✝❝✄☎✝✿❴♥✑❝◗✂➩ÿ✳✾✈☎✢❷✑❂❅❝◆❷✑❂✉❅ ÿ✁③ÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝✬❷✕ÿ✳♥✑❝☞③✢❂❅❝✈❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❲❝◆❂❤ ÿ✳① ÿ✁❝ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❯ ✇ ① ✬✮❀✻✪✭②✒✢✔✙③✶●❀✫✳✴②✦❘❙✶❂✛✮✙▼✤✭✢✡★❢❘❙◗✹❘❣✼✭✗✹✢✯✙ ❍❢④ ❬✈➀ ❄ ✌✥♥✧✄✂✄✿❱❷✑❄✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈●❴ ❬✈➀❉❈ ✔✒⑤❀❂❅✄❝④❷✈❂q✾✈✂✄✿❖❜❁❂❅✆❅❃☎✝✿❴♥❻❷ ÿ✳♥✑❝✵③✢❂❅❝⑥❅❴✂✄✿✳❄✑✾❀❂❅❝✶❂❅❅ÿ✳①✹ÿ✳❝❑➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈❂❞ ❬✈➀❨❇ ✔◗①❿☎✢❝❁❝✄☎✝✿❴♥❻❷✑☎r⑤❀❄✑❝✄❂✉⑦ ❷✑❂❅❝⑧❅✳✂✄✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❲❝✶✆❅✿❴①❩✾✕ÿ✳✆❅✄❝ ➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈❂⑨ ❬✈➀❭❬ ❢❨ÿ➆❷✑☎✝❝✄✾ ❂❲✂✄❝❁☎✢✿❴♥❻❷✑❂☞❱❱☎✝✄❂❲❝❁❝✄❂❲❝✵①❿☎✢♥✑☎✝① ÿ✳③✝❂④❷✈❂❲❝✶❝❁❇❱❝❁⑩♥❂❲①❿❂❲❝④❷✑❂♠❅ ÿ✳③ÿ❳✇✈☎✝❂❲❝✉➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈❂❳

(5)

❬✑➀❭❞ ✔■✾✑☎✝③✢✿●❅❴❄✈❂ ✁ ③ÿ➁♥✕ÿ✁❃❄✑✂❁❂r❷✑❂❲❝ ❅❴✂✄✿✳❄✑✾❀❂❅❝☞✆❲✿❴①❿✾ ÿ✳✆❤❃❝✶❷✑❂♠❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝ ➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❇✸❈ ④ ✖✄✂✆☎ ✺✦✗✹✰✫✢✵✬❖✙▼◗✚❀❁✶●❘t◗✘✢✔✺ ②❝✬✮❀❁✶ ❏ ✢ ✿ ✱ ❃ ④ ❴❈➀ ❄ ✌✥♥✪❃✂❁✿❈❷✈❄✑✆❅✄☎✢✿❴♥➅➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❇✸❴ ❴❈➀❨❈ ❢ ❂r✂✄❂❅③✢❂✜❱ ✒ ❂✏❈✳② ②✉✔✞✝④✌✏✎ ➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❇✸❴ ❴❈➀❭❇ ❢ ❂❲❝✶✂❁❂❲③✢❂♣❱ ✒ ❂❲❝⑧❇❴② ❂❤ ❬✪② ❷✑❄✥❞✁❷♠❧ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✵❈ ✟ ✖ ❘✴✤✭✢✔✺❝✙⑩✗✽✛❝✐✢✥✤✦✢✝✳◆❘❙✙⑩✙✟✢✥✤✦✢✝◗✠✂✡☎ ✺❝✗✽✰✫✢✔✬❖✙ ✇ ❚ ❞✈➀❄ ❢ôÿ ✆❲☎✝♥ ✒ ❂❲①✹ÿ✁❃☎rq✧❄✑❂✉☎✢♥✪❃❂❅✂✄♥✑❂r❷✑❂❅❝ ❅❴✂✄✿❴❄✈✾❀❂❅❝✵❞✈✿❴✂✄❝✙❺ ✒ ❂✟q✧❄✑☎✝③✢☎r❋✑✂✄❂ ➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✵❯ ❞✈➀❨❈ ❢ôÿ☎❪ ✂➩ÿ✳✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❋ ÿ✳✂❁❇✳✿❴♥✑☎rq❱❄✈❂q❷✈❂❲❝ ❅❴✂✄✿✳❄✑✾❀❂❅❝✶❷✑❂♠❅ ÿ✳③ÿ❳✇✈☎✝❂❲❝❩➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✸❳ ❞✈➀❭❇ ❢ôÿ ✂✟♥❂✜❅❴③✢❂✉✆❅✿❴①❩✿❂❋✑☎✢③✝❂ ✒ ❂❅➩ÿ✳③✢✿❴♥ ÿ✁✾✑✾✑③✢☎rq✧❄ ✒ ❂❲❂☛ÿ✳❄❈✇ q❱❄✕ÿ✳❝➩ÿ✳✂❁❝ ➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❴ ❩ ❞✈➀❬ ✎❱❇❱♥✪❃❞❛♥❂❲❝✄❂ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❴●❈ ❚ ■ ❀✫✺❝✶✸◗✚✪❝✙✟✗✚❀✫✺✦✙☎✢✵✛❧②✒✢✵✬❖✙✟②✒✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✽✰✻✢✔✙ ④❢④ ✱ ✢☞☛✔✐✐ ✢✔✬✮✢✔✺✦✶●✢✯✙ ④ ❚ ✌ ✍ ✢✯◗✹✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✹❀✻✺✂✤✞✂✐ ❘❣✬✮✛✣✗❑✶✸◗✹✢✔✙▼②❝✪✏✎✩◗✚✗●✐✢✔✙☎✢✔✺ ■❊❏ ✗✚✳P✗✹✢ ■ ✗✹✬❖✶✸✪❝✳✴✙✜✛✣✢✔◗❑◗✹❘❙✗✹✬✮✢ ✟❢④ ❋✓➀ ❄✒✑✏✓✕✔✗✖✠✔☞✘✙✓✕✚✙✛✢✜✤✣✠✖✦✥★✧✪✩✬✫✕✭✮✛✯✔✱✰✚✲✘✴✳✵✰✤✩✙✥✶✜✔✷✫✕✣✸✜✹✫✺✘✻✩✙✥✽✼✾✔✷✫✻✿❀✥✽✜✘✙✓✪✘✕✜✹✥★✘✙✳✵✛✸✣❁✖✠✚✴✰❂✰✤✩✴✥❃✚✴✫❅❄✕✚✙✰✔✱❆✾✚✲✣ ➀❥➀q➀ ❞✸❯ ❋✓➀❨❈ ✑✏✓✕✔✗✖✠✔☞✘✙✓✕✚✙✛✢✜✤✣✠✖✦✥★✧✪✩✬✫✕✭✮✛✯✔✱✰✚✲✘✴✳✵✰✤✩✙✥✶✜✔✷✫✕✣✸✜✹✫✺✔✲❇✴✧✕❈✾✚✙✫✻✿❀✥✽✜✤✘✴✓✺✘✕✜✹✥★✘✙✳✵✛✸✣❁✖✠✚✴✰❂✰✤✩✴✥❉✚✙✫❅❄✕✚✴✰✔✷❆✗✚✲✣ ➀❥➀q➀ ❯●❯ ❋✓➀❭❇❋❊ ✓✕✚✪❆✵✓✕✔✗✖✠✔☞✭✷✜✤✣❁✣●✔☞✘✴✜✤✩✕✖❍✜✔✷✫✪✔✗■✞❏▲❑▼✜✹✫◆✘✴✜✹✥★✘✙✳✵✛✸✣❁✖✠✚✴✰❂✰✩✙✥❉✚✴✫❅❄✕✚✙✰✔✱❆✾✚✲✣ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ⑨●❳ ❋✓➀❬✒❊ ✓✕✚❖■P✔✵✥◗✛✯✩✕✖❍✜✔✷✫✪✔✗■❘✛✸✔✷✰✚❙✘✙✳✵✰✚❙✣❖✜✹✫❚❆✙✥★✔✗✖✠✔✾✣✠✖✠✚✙✰❂✰✩✙✥✏❯❱✜❂✫✕✭✵✣ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❄✣❩ ❇ ❲ ✍ ✐ ✢✯◗✹✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✹❀✻✺◆✤❘✂❘t✬✣✛✮✗✚✶✸◗✹✢✯✙☞✢✸✛✏②❝✬✮❀❁✶●✢✵✢✔✤❝✗✚✺✭★✻✙♠②❝✪❳✎❝◗❑✗●✐✢✔✙☞✢✯✺ ❡❁❀❢✬❖✳✴❘❣✛✮✗✹❀✫✺❩❨❭❬ ✰✫❀✫◗❑✪❁✛✮✗✹❀✻✺◆✤✦✢✔✙ ① ❘t◗✚❘❣✼❁✗✚✢✔✙ ✾✫✾ ❚ ✠❑➀ ❄ ❊ ✓✕✚❪✔✵✥❫✜✤❈✱✜❂✫❴✔✗■❵✖✦✓✕✚❛❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✴✧❜✰❝✳✵✛❞✜❂✫✕✔✾✣✦✜✖❫✧❴■❡✳✵✫✕✘❙✖❍✜✔✷✫❢✩✵✫✕✭❜✖✦✓✕✚❪✖✦✓✕✚✴✥◗✛✯✩✬✰❣✚❙❄✕✔✱✰❂✳❅✖❍✜✤✔✱✫❴✔✗■❤✖✦✓✕✚ ✜❂✫❅✖✠✚✙✥✐❈✾✩✬✰✩✴✘❥✖❍✜✤✘❦✛✯✚❙✭✷✜✹✳✵✛ ➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❄●❄ ❳ ✠❑➀❨❈ ❧ ✥★✚✢✘✙✰❂✳✕✣✠✖✠✚✙✥♠✚✙✰❝✰❝✜❂❆❅✖❍✜✤✘✻✩✵✰✣♥✖✦✓✕✚❦❆✴✥✐✔☞✭♦✳✕✘❙✖✠✣♥✔✗■❵✛✯✚✴✥✐❈✾✚✴✥✐✣❀♣ ➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❄ ❇●❴

(6)

✜✹✫❦✩ ❏✝✆ ✘✲✔✾✣ ✛✯✔✱✰✔✾❈✗✧ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❬ ❄ ✠④➀❭❬ ❊ ✓✕✚❙✔✬✥✆✧✪✔✗■♠❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✴✧❞✭✾✧✵✫✴✩✬✛✢✜✤✘❙✣✸✜✹✫✺✘✙✰❂✳✕✣✠✖✠✚✙✥★✣❱✩✬✫✕✭❪❈✷✥✐✔✷✳✵❆✕✣ ➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❴●❯ ■ ✍ ✢✔◗✚✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✹❀✫✺✐ ✤❘✂❘t✬✣✛✮✗✚✶✸◗✚✢✔✙ ✢✸✛✝②❝✬✮❀❁✶●✢✵✢✔✤✦✗❑✺✭★✫✙✥②✩✪✏✎❝◗❑✗●✐✢✔✙✡✙⑩✪✭✬◆◗✹✢✔✙❆★❢✬✮❀✫✪✦②✒✢✔✙✝✶●❀✫✳✴②✦❘❙✶❂✛✮✙✡✤✭✢ ★❢❘❙◗✹❘❣✼✭✗✹✢✔✙ ✾ ❚ ✾ ♣❑➀❄ ❊ ✓✕✚ ■❡✥✐✚☎✞♦✳✕✚✙✫✕✘❥✧✪✔✗■♠✘✙✓✴✩✵✫✕✘✲✚◆✩✬✰✜✤❈✷✫✵✛✸✚✙✫❅✖✠✣♥✔✙■❃❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✬✜✤✚❙✣✸✜✹✫❚✰✔☞✔✾✣❁✚✢❈✷✥✐✔✷✳✵❆✕✣ ➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❯❂❇ ♣❑➀❨❈ ❧ ✘❙✔✷✛◆❆✴✩✕✘❙✖❤❈✷✥✐✔✷✳✵❆ ✜✹✫✠✟ ✜❂✥✐❈✾✔ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ⑨✸❯ ♣❑➀❭❇ ❏❃✰❝✳✵✛◆❆❥✧✺✭✷✜✡♠✳✕✣❁✚☞☛❃✿❀✥✩❙✧❞✚✙✛✢✜✤✣❁✣✦✜✤✔✷✫◆■❡✥✐✔✷✛ ✖✦✓✕✚ ✣❥❆✾✜❂✥✩✵✰✿❍✥❫✜✤✘✴✓✺✘❙✔✷✛◆❆✴✩✕✘❙✖❵❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✴✧ ❈✷✥★✔✷✳✵❆✍✌✞❏✏✎✒✑✔✓ ❄ ❳●❇ ♣❑➀❬ ✕ ✫✕✭✵✚✴✥✐✣✠✖❁✩✬✫✕✭✷✜❂✫✕❈❜✰✔❅❯ ✩✬✫✕✭❢✓✾✜✤❈✷✓◆❄✕✚✙✰✔✱✘✕✜✖❫✧✺✭✷✜✣❥❆✗✚✙✥✐✣✦✜✤✔✱✫✪✘✲✔✱✛◆❆✴✩✕✘❙✖ ❈✷✥✐✔✷✳✵❆✕✣ ➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈ ❄ ❇ ✖ ✍ ✐ ✢✔◗✚✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✹❀✫✺❦✤✭✢✡②✦✬❖❀❛✶●✢✔✢✔✤✦✗❑✺✭★✫✙ ②✩✪✏✎✩◗✚✗●✐✢✯✙▼✙⑩✪✭✬ ◗✠✂✡☎▲✺✦✗✽✰✻✢✵✬❖✙ ✖ ❀❁✶●❘❙◗✈✢✔✺✘✗ ✬❖❀❛✶ ❏ ✢✚✙ ✿ ✱ ❍❢❍ ❃ ②➁➀ ❄✛✎♠✩✬✰✩✻❇✬✜✚✲✣ ❯✄✜✖✦✓✍✆✢✜✤✣✦✥★✧✩✄ ❆✴✥✐✚✴✰❝✜✹✛✢✜✹✫✴✩✴✥★✧✪✣✠✖❁✩✙✥✫✪✙❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✴✧◆✣❁✚✙❆✴✩✴✥✩❅✖❍✜✤✔✷✫✪✩✬✫✕✭✭✬❣✥★✣❁✖✸✥✐✚✲✣ ✳✵✰✖✠✣ ➀❥➀r➀ ❈●❈●❴ ②➁➀❨❈ ❊ ✓✕✚❜❯✄✜✭✵✚❥✿✮✬✱✚✙✰✭✯✆✢✜✰✣✦✥★✧ ✫✕✚✻✩✙✥✡✿✱✥✳✲ ✜✹✛✯✩✕❈✱✜✹✫✕❈❩✣ ✳✵✥★❄✕✚❥✧ ✩✵✫✕✭✴✓✗✭✶✵ ✥✐✚❙✭✵✣❥✓✾✜■✖❴✩✵✫✕✭ ❆✾✚✲✘✴✳✵✰❝✜✤✩✙✥ ❄✕✚✙✰✔☞✘✴✜✖✽✧✺✣❥✳✵✥✆❄✕✚❙✧✕✣ ➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈✷❬✸❇ ②➁➀❭❇ ✣❃✚✻✩✴✥✆✿❀✜❂✫❅■❡✥ ✩✙✥★✚✲✭❴❈✾✩✬✰✩✻❇✴✧❞✣ ✳✵✥★❄✕✚❙✧✕✣✯✜❂✫✸✷✹✆✢✺✼✻✽✆✒✾❀✿❁✆ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈✷❬✸❳ ❬ ✍ ✢✔◗✚✢✔✶❂✛✮✗✹❀✫✺❦✤✞✂✐ ❘t✬✣✛✮✗❑✶✸◗✹✢✔✙☎✢✸✛③②✦✬✮❀❁✶●✢✵✢✔✤❝✗✚✺✦★✫✙▼②✩✪✏✎❝◗❑✗●✐✢✔✙ ✙⑩✪✦✬✲◗✚❘ ✤✭✢✯✺✦✙⑩✗✽✛✩✐✢✡✤✭✢✝◗✠✂✡☎▲✺✦✗✽✰✻✢✵✬❖✙ ❍❢④❢④ ✔☞➀❄ ✆❉✧✵✫✴✩✬✛✢✜✤✘✲✩✬✰✬✖✦✓✕✚✲✔✵✥✆✧✪✔✗■♠❈✷✥✐✔✱✳✵❆✕✣♥✩✬✫✕✭❪✘✙✰❝✳✕✣❁✖✠✚✴✥✐✣✄✔✗■♠❈✵✩✬✰✩✻❇✬✜✚✲✣ ➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈●❴●❯ ✔☞➀❨❈ ❊ ✓✕✚❦✼✴✩✙✥✆✧✲✔✷✫✾✜✘ ■❡✥ ✩✕✘❙✖❍✜✤✔✱✫❚✜❂✫✪❈✷✥★✔✷✳✵❆✕✣❤✔✗■♠❈✵✩✵✰✤✩✲❇✬✜✤✚✲✣❵■❡✥✐✔✷✛❂☛❃✿❀✥✩❙✧❚✛✸✚✻✩✕✣❥✳✵✥★✚✙✛✸✚✙✫❅✖✠✣ ➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈●❯●❴ ✔☞➀❭❇ ❊ ✩✬✫✕❈✗✚✙✫❅✖❍✜✩✵✰ ✰✤✩✙✥★❈✾✚❞✣●✘✲✩✬✰✚◆✣✠✖✦✥◗✳✕✘❥✖✦✳✵✥✐✚❦✩✕✣❱✩✪✣❁✖❁✩✵✫✕✭✬✩✙✥✐✭❜✥◗✳✵✰✚✴✥❃✄ ✘✙✳✵✥✆❄✴✩✕✖✦✳✵✥★✚❚❆✴✩✙✥✐✩✬✛✸✚❙✖✠✚✴✥✐✣✄■❡✥✐✔✷✛ ✞♦✳✴✩✴✣●✩✙✥✐✣ ➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈❂⑨ ❄ ❡ ■ ✪✭✬✮✬✷✗✚✶✸✪✦◗❑✪✦✳ ❄▲✗✽✛✣❘t✢ ❍✼❅ ❚ ① ❲ ✗P✎❝◗❑✗✹❀❢★✫✬✮❘t② ❏ ✗✚✢▲✶●❀✫✳✴②❝◗❇❆✢✸✛✣✢ ❃✶❈ ❅

(7)
(8)

❄ ②✍☎ÿ❂❅❴✂çÿ✳①❿①❩❂❩❷✑❂❲♥✑❝❁☎✝ ✒ ❂❤❺⑥✄❂❲①❿✾ ✒ ❂❲✂çÿ✁❃❄✈✂✄❂❻✾❀✿✳❄✑✂ ❷✑❄✂❅ ÿ✞✝❻❝➩ÿ✳♥✈❝ ✒ ❂❅③ ✒ ❂❅①❩❂❅♥✧✄❝➆③✢✿❴❄✑✂❁❷✑❝✠✟✐✠✬③ÿ✳♥❈❺ ✆✟❞ ÿ✳✂✄❷☛✡ ❹➞ÿ✳③✢③✝❝✏❺ ❆ ÿ❂❋✕ÿ✳❄✑❷☞✡✍✌ ❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥ ❄ ❳❂❳✸❈✏✎❤➀❀❢✒❵✿✳✂✄❷✑✿❴♥✈♥ ✒ ❂❲❂✒✑ ✂❁❂❲✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❲❝❁❂❲♥✪❃❂➆③ ÿ❿❷✑❂❲♥✈❝✄☎✝ ✒ ❂ ③✢✿❱✆✷ÿ✳③✝❂✬❷✑☎❱❱☎✢❝ ✒ ❂❅❂◆✾ ÿ✳✂ ③ÿ❑❷✈❂❲♥✑❝❁☎✝ ✒ ❂❯✆❲✂✄☎✺❃☎rq❱❄✈❂❭ÿ✳✆❤❃❄✑❂❅③✢③✢❂✓✟✔✑✖✕✘✗✙✟✛✚✢✜✤✣✥✎✧✦★✗✥✩✪✫✎❤➀✁❢ ❵ÿ✳❄✈✄✂✄❂◆✿✳✂✄❷✑✿❴♥❱❺ ♥ ✒ ❂❲❂✬✣✫✭✧✮✰✯④❷✑✿❴♥✑♥✑❂❩③♦❵ ✒ ❂❲✾ ✿✯q✧❄✑❂❩❷✑❂③❱❱☎✝✂✄☎ÿ✁③✢☎✢❝çÿ✁❃☎✝✿❴♥❸❷✑❂ ③ ÿ❻❝❁❃✂❁❄✑✆❅✄❄✑✂✄❂✁➀❽❢ ❂❲❝✠✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺✼✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸ ❂❅❂✻❃✲✢✿❁❀❃❄❅✿❁✽❁✽✞❆✸❇✸❡☎✢♥✈❷✑☎sq✧❄✑❂❅♥✧❻③✝❂❲❝✡✆❅✿❴♥✑❷✑☎✺❃☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❂ ✂✄❂♣❪ ✂✄✿❴☎✝❷✑☎✢❝❁❝✄❂❅①❩❂❅♥✧❉❈❋❊●✯■❍❏✮✰❑▲✕ ❈◆▼P❖◗✮✭◆❘✛✯✾❙➁❂❤ ❈❋❊●✯■❍❏✮✰❑❚✕ ❈❏❑❱❯❱❖✏✡❑✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❤❃☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✹➀✍❢✗❂❅❝❲✽❳✿❩❨✞❀☛✸✳✺❲❬✞✵◗✲✢✿❁❄◆✸✳✺❭✲✞✷❪✽❳✿❅❫❪✴❃✸✳✺ ✂✄❂❅✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❅❝✄❂❅♥✧✄❂❲♥✪➃③✢❂❅❝ ① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂❅❝●❷✑❂❅❝❻❞ ÿ✳③✢✿✳❝❲➀☞❢ ❂❲❝❴✱✳✲✢✴P✵❪✷✹✸✳✺❛❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴✶✵❞❆✸❇✸✳✺ ✂❁❂❲✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❲❝✄❂❅♥✪❃❂❲♥✪❪✡④✾ ✿❴❄✑✂❻❄✑♥✘✣❛❷✈✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂★✡ ③ÿr① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂❴ÿ✳❄❩❷✈❂❲❝✄❝❁❄✑❝☞❷✑❂✵③ ÿ❂q✧❄✑❂❅③✢③✝❂✵❝❁❂✵✄✂✄✿❴❄✯❱❴❂❲♥✪ ❴ ❩✥❡ ✡ ❄⑩❩✥❡ ❂❅ ❄❢❡ ❷✑❂❅❝❯❞ ÿ✳③✝✿❴❝❣✟❪❷✑❂❤✷✳❜✢✺ ❂❲♥▲❵❝❜✞✴P❄✧✎✹✡✗❝✄❂❅③✢✿❴♥➃③✢❂ ❪ ✿❴✂❁① ÿ✁③✢☎✢❝❁①❩❂❥❷✑❂❹þ■✂✄❂❲❝❁❝✐✌ ✎❱✆✟❞✑❂❲✆✟❞✪❃❂❅✂❥✟ ❄ ❳✸❯✷❬❦✎✤➀✗♣❯❂❩❷✈☎ÿ❂❅❴✂çÿ✳①❿①❩❂ ❝✄❄✑✾✑✾ ✿❴❝❁❂✐❧♠✕ ❩ ✡✍♥ ✩ ✕ ❄ ✡❃♦ ✩ ✕ ❩ ✡❃♥q♣r✕ ❩❝s❭❩ ❞❝✡❃t❂✕ ❩❝s❴➁❂❅✈✉❃✇q✕ ❩❝s❯❱➀❊➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ❬ ❈ ❍❘ÿ✳❄❱✇ ❷✑❂❊✆❲✿✆ÿ✳③✢❂❅❝✄✆❲❂❅♥✑✆❲❂❡❝➩ÿ✳♥✑❝ ❷✑☎✢①❿❂❲♥✑❝❁☎✢✿❴♥②①③✦③✟✛✚★④ ⑤⑦⑥❢⑧ ✎❿❂❅♥❦❪ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❄ ✂➩ÿ✳✾✑✾ ✿❴✂✏ ❷✑❂❅❝ ❷✑☎✢❝❁✾❀❂❅✂✄❝✄☎✝✿❴♥✑❝ ❷✑❂③❱❈☎✺❃❂❅❝✄❝✄❂❅❝➆❂❲♥✪❃✂❁❂ ❅❴✂✄✿❴❄✈✾❀❂✡✿❴❄✠ÿ✁① ÿ✳❝❥❂❅▼❅ ÿ✁③ÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝✬✟✐❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥ ❈ ❩●❩❂❩ ❋✍✎❤➀ ❢❨ÿ⑨✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸❣✻❃✲✢✿❁❀❃❄❅✿❁✽❁✽✞❆✸❇✸❥✆❲✿❴✂❁✂✄❂❲❝❁✾❀✿✳♥✑❷➽ÿ✳❄❡➩ÿ✳❄❈✇❡❷✑❂➆❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥❭✟ ❄ ❳●❳✸❈❢ÿ✥✎✹✡♠ ÿ✁♥✑❷✑☎✢❝⑧q✧❄✑❂ ③✢❂❅❝ ✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺⑩✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✓❂❅✐❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴P✵r❆✸❇✸✓✆❅✿❴✂✄✂❁❂❲❝❁✾❀✿❴♥✈❷✑❂❲♥✪q✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❅✄☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✻ÿ✳❄❈✇● ÿ✳❄❈✇❡❷ ✒ ❂❅❷✑❄✑☎✝✄❝ ❷✑❂❲❝✼❝✄☎✝①➁❄✑③ÿ⑩❃☎✢✿✳♥✑❝❵♥✧❄✑① ✒ ❂❲✂❁☎sq✧❄✑❂❲❝◗❷✑❂④❉■ÿ✁✞❱☎✝♥✑✿❶✌ ❏✵❄✈⑩✟ ❄ ❳●❳●❯✏✎ ❂❅◗❷✈❄❩✆➅ÿ✳③✢✆❅❄✑③ ÿ✳♥ ÿ✁③✝❇✧❃☎rq❱❄✈❂ ❝✄☎✢①❿✾✑③✝❂◆❷✑❂✶❣✉✂✄☎❱❈☎✺❃❝❁✞✧❇✐✌ ❣✉✿❴♥✪✄✿❴✂✄✿✣❱❱☎✢✆✟❞❛✟ ❄ ❳●❳✸❯✶✡✁✂✄❂❤❺⑥♥✑✿❴✂❁① ÿ✳③✝☎✢❝ ✒ ❂✘❱❴❂❅✂❁✄☎✢✆✷ÿ✁③✢❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪❪✡✳✆✷ÿ✁✂■☎✢③✢❝ ✿❴♥✪✶✂➩ÿ✳☎✝❝✄✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂✉❂❲♥❻❃❂❲✂❁①❩❂❅❝☞❷✑❂✉✂➩ÿ✹❇✳✿❴♥●❷✈❂❲❝ ❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❲❝➻ÿ✳❄❻③✢☎✝❂❲❄✡❷✑❂✉✂çÿ✛❇✳✿❴♥✑❝✶❷✑❂r①❿✿❴☎✝✄☎ ✒ ❂✵❷✑❂ ① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂⑦✎❤➀ ➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❄ ⑨ ❇ ✝④✿❴①☎❋✈✂✄❂◗❷✑❂✼✆❲✿ ÿ✳③✝❂❲❝❁✆❲❂❲♥✈✆❲❂❲❝➇①✹ÿ✮❜❁❂❲❄✑✂❁❂❲❝❷✟✳✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺❸❆✸❏✻❝❜✞✿✾✺✳✺❇✸✳✺❢✎❀❂❅➇❷✑❂❅❝❁✄✂✄❄✑✆❤❃✂✄☎✝✆❲❂❅❝q✟◗✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ❹ ❀☛✸✳✺✢✎✹✡✬❂❤✇❱❃✂çÿ✳✾ ✿❴③ ✒ ❂❸✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✡❄✈♥ ÿ✳❄❈✇ ❷✑❂ ❏④❄❣❋t❋✑③✢❂ ❂❅♥ ❪✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❂ ③ÿ ①✹ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂ ❷✑❂ ③éÿ ❅ ÿ✳③ÿ❳✇✈☎✝❂✞✡✈✟❂✟q✧❝❲➀✓❺ ❄ ❞✢❻④❂❤✄❺ ❄ ❯✢❻✔✡✬❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥❥❈ ❩❂❩●❩ ❋✍✎✤➀✬❢ ❂❅❝❼✱✳✲✢✴P✵❪✷✹✸✳✺✒✻❃✲✢✿❁❀❃❄❅✿❁✽❁✽✞❆✸❇✸✳✺✹✡❞✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✳✺ ❂❅❉❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴P✵r❆✸❇✸✳✺❩❝❁✿❴♥✪ ✾❀✿✳❄✑✂❥❷✈❂❲❝➁✾ ❂❲♥✪❃❂❅❝ ÿ✳❝❁❇❱①❿✾✈❃✿✁❃☎sq✧❄✑❂❅❝✓❷✑❂ ③ÿ▲❪ ✿✳♥✑✆❅✄☎✢✿❴♥ ❷✑❂ ①✹ÿ✳❝✄❝❁❂ ✟❪❂✟q➂➀❶❺❄ ⑨★❻❽✎ ❷✑❂❼❾❿✕ ➀ ❄✏s❄ ✡✓➀ ❄✏s❇ ❂❤⑨➀ ❄✏s❴✶✡◆✂❁❂❲❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❤❃☎ ❱❴❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪❲➀④❢ôÿ ♥✑✿✳✂✄①✹ÿ✳③✢☎✝❝➩ÿ✁✄☎✢✿❴♥ ❝✄❄✑✾✑✾ ✿❴❝❁❂❤➁✒✕ ❄ ❈✶✡ ⑥❢➂✛➃ ✕ ❄✣❩●❩●❩ ✞✧① ❝✹➄❃➅◗✡❃➆☞➇➈✕ ❈ ❩●❩ ➆ ➂❽➉✳➊❋➋➍➌ ➇ ✡➴ÿ✣❱✳❂❲✆❶➆ ➂❽➉◗➊❋➋➍➌ ➇ ✕ ❩❝s❭❩❣❄ ❇➎t③➏ ❉●✾❀✆ ➄P➏ ✟✐❉■ÿ✳✂❱✝❅✞✳❂q❂❅❅ÿ✳③✐➀ ❄ ❳●❳❂⑨✥✎✹✡✑❂❤✈➐❥➇❷✕ ❩✶sr❄ ✟➒➑②✦✞➓➎✎ ➊❋➋➔➊ ❙❢→⑦➇➈✕ ❇↔➣ ❄✣❩ ➅❏➅ t ➄❃➅ ➑➙↕❽➀ ➀ ❈ ❩ ❬ ✝④✿❴①☎❋✈✂✄❂❑❷✈❂④✆❅✿ ÿ✳③✢❂❅❝✄✆❅❂❲♥✑✆❅❂❲❝◆①✹ÿ✮❜❁❂❲❄✈✂✄❂❲❝✬❝✄❄t❋✈☎✢❂❲❝✬✾ ÿ✳✂✼❄✑♥✑❂⑧❅ ÿ✳③ÿ❳✇✈☎✝❂✶❷✑✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂❅❂❑❂❅♥ ❪ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❂ ❝➩ÿ✡✾ ✿❴❝✄☎✺❃☎✢✿✳♥❡❷ ÿ✳♥✈❝✉❝✄✿❴♥✝❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂➁✿❴❄✉ÿ✳①✹ÿ✳❝❪✡ ❂❤✇❱✄✂➩ÿ✳✾ ✿❴③ ✒ ❂▲♥ÿ ❄✑♥❸❃❂❅①❩✾✑❝✉❷✈❂ ❏④❄t❋❣❋✑③✢❂★✡ ✾❀✿❴❄✈✂q❄✈♥✰ÿ✁① ÿ✳❝➛✟✔❨✥❜✞✴✍✱✳❵❃✸❇✎❑✿❴❄ ❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂✠✟❱❬✞✵◗✲✢✿❁❄◆✸❇✎✹✡ ❷ ❵ÿ✳✾✈✂✟♥❂❲❝❥❉■ÿ✁①❩✿❴♥➜✟❑❈ ❩●❩●❩ ❋❃✎❤➀✗☛✍♥✉ÿ ✾✑✂✄☎✝❝ ❄✑♥✈❂✬✾ ❂❲♥✪❃❂➻ÿ✳❝❁❇❱①❿✾✈❃✿✁❃☎sq✧❄✑❂◗❷✑❂✬③ÿ ❪ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥❥❷✈❂✬①✹ÿ✳❝✄❝❁❂✬❷✈❂❲❝✩❅✆ÿ✳③ ÿ⑩✇❈☎✝❂❲❝➎✟❪❂✜q➂➀③❺ ❄ ⑨★❻❽✎✸❷✑❂ ❾⑨✕➝➀ ❄✞s❇✈➀❱❢ ❂❲❝✓✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺❴❆✸❏✻❝❜✞✿✾✺✳✺❇✸✳✺✳➞❝✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✳✺✵❂❅➟❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴✶✵r❆✸❇✸✳✺✶✂✄❂❅✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❅❝✄❂❅♥✧✄❂❲♥✪☞③✝❂✵♥✈✿❴①☎❋✑✂❁❂ ❷✑❂➆✆❲✿ ÿ✳③✝❂❲❝❁✆❲❂❲♥✈✆❲❂❲❝r✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✉❷✑❂❅❝♠❅ ÿ✳③ÿ❳✇✈☎✝❂❲❝✍❷✈❂ ① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂✒➐➠✕➡➐ ➂❽➉✳➊❋➋➍➌ ➇ ✕ ❴❉➣ ❄✣❩ ➅❅④➢t➤➄❃➅✧➑➙↕ ❂❅✬➐ ✕ ❩❝s❄ ➐ ➂❽➉✳➊❋➋➍➌ ➇ ✕ ❴➥➣ ❄✣❩ ➅❏➅✧t➤➄❃➅✧➑➙↕r✡✬✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❅✄☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✹➀☞❢ ❂❅❝⑨✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ❹ ❀☛✸✳✺✳➞ ✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✳✺❊❂❅✬❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴✶✵❞❆✸❇✸✳✺❻❝❁✿❴♥✪❩✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ❷✈❂❲❝❿① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂❅❝❿❷✈❂▲❅✆ÿ✳③ ÿ⑩✇❈☎✝❂❲❝ ❷✑❂❥➐ ✕➦➐❥➇❢✟✔➧✼✎✓❂❤ ➐✁✕ ❩❝s❄ ➐❥➇❇✟✔➧✼✎➢✡♠✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❅✄☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✹➀❛➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈ ❄ ❴ ✝④✿❴①☎❋✈✂✄❂✉❷✑❂r✆❲✿✳③✢③✢☎✝❝✄☎✝✿❴♥✑❝❯✂çÿ✳✾✑☎✝❷✑❂❲❝ ❪ ✿❴✂✏❃❂❅❝❶✟✛➨✠✕ ❄ ✦❂❇✥✎❯❝❁❄t❋✑☎✢❂❅❝☞✾ ÿ✳✂☞❄✑♥✈❂ ❅✆ÿ✳③ÿ⑩✇❈☎✝❂✞✡✈❂✤✇❱❃✂➩ÿ❳❺ ✾❀✿❴③ ✒ ❂☞❝✄❄✑✂◗❄✑♥➆❃❂❅①❩✾✈❝✼❷✈❂④❏✵❄t❋t❋✑③✝❂✞✡✪❂❅♥❧❪ ✿❴♥✈✆❅❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❂✶③ ÿ✉❷✑☎✝❝❁➩ÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂➃ÿ✳❄➆✆❅❂❲♥✪❃✂❁❂④❷✑❄❧❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂ ✿❴❄ ÿ✁① ÿ✳❝❛✟✐❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥❤❈ ❩●❩●❩ ❋❃✎❤➀■❢ôÿ➩✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✐✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸❻✆❅✿❴✂✄✂❁❂❲❝❁✾❀✿❴♥✈❷③ÿ✳❄❛✆✷ÿ✳❝❿❷❛❵❄✑♥ ÿ✳① ÿ✁❝ ✝❑❧ ➄➝✡ ÿ⑩❱✳❂❲✆✶❄✑♥✑❂☞❷✑☎✝❝✄✾ ❂❲✂❁❝✄☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❂ ❱❱☎✝❃❂❅❝✄❝❁❂❲❝ ⑥✢➂✛➃ ✕ ❄✣❩●❩❂❩ ✞✧① ❝➢➄❃➅✳✡⑩ ÿ✳♥✑❷✈☎✢❝✒q✧❄✑❂☞③✢❂❶✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸ ❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴✶✵r❆✸❇✸q✆❲✿❴✂❁✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ✿❴♥✑❷✂♥ÿ❿❄✑♥✥❅✳✂✄✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❞✝❑❧ ➄➝✡➐ÿ⑩❱❴❂❅✆ ⑥❢➂✛➃ ✕ ❇ ❩●❩ ✞✧① ❝✹➄❃➅✟➀➂❢❨ÿ▼❪ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✢✿✳♥ ❷✑❂ ① ÿ✁❝✄❝✄❂ ❷✈❂❲❝♠❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❲❝✐✟❪❂✜q ➀➫❺ ❄ ⑨✢❻❁✎✵ÿ ❄✑♥✈❂ ✾❀❂❅♥✧✄❂❹ÿ✳❝❁❇❱①❿✾✈❃✿✳✄☎sq✧❄✑❂✒❾➜✕➭➀ ❄✏s ❇✡❂❤r✿❴♥ ÿ✳❷✑✿❴✾✈✄❂✼➐ ➂❽➉✳➊❋➋➍➌ ➇ ✕ ❴✒➣ ❄✣❩ ➅❅④➤t➤➄❃➅③➑➙↕❽➀ ➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❈❂❇

(9)

✿●❋✈❝✄❂❲✂ ❱ ✒ ❂ ✾ ÿ✳✂ ✣✏✟ ✧✽✧ ✟❱❬✞✵◗✲✢✿❁❄◆✸❇✎✡❷✑❄ ❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂ ✆❅✿❴①❩✾✕ÿ✳✆❅❡❏✍♣ ❆ ❄ ❞❝✡☞❝❁❄✑✾❀❂❅✂✄✾ ✿❴❝ ✒ ❂❅❝ ❝✄❄✑✂ ③❑❵☎✝① ÿ❂❅✳❂❑✿❴✾✈✄☎sq✧❄✑❂✆✟ ❀❃✿✂✁✞✸❱❜✞✴☎✄✬❬P✸❣❨✞✵➢✿✾✺❢✎✹✡✑❃☎✝✂ ✒ ❂✍❷✈❂✓②✍✿❴❝✵✎✚ÿ✳♥✪❃✿❴❝✈✌ ❉➊ÿ✳①❩✿✳♥➙✟ ❄ ❳●❳●❳✏✎❤➀ ➀q➀ ❈❂❳ ❯ ❧♠✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥✑❝➇❷✑❂❯①✹ÿ✳❝✄❝❁❂❯❷✑❂❅❝ ❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❲❝❵❷✈❂❲♥✑❝❁❂❲❝✈✟✳✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺✄❆✸❏✻❝❜✞✿✾✺✳✺❇✸✳✺❢✎✸❂❅❽❷✈☎r⑤❀❄✑❝✄❂❅❝➟✟✳✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ❹ ❀☛✸✳✺✓✻❃✲✢✿❁❀❃❄❅✿❁✽❁✽✞❆✸❇✸✳✺✢✎➢✡✸♥✑✿❴✂❁① ÿ✳③✝☎✢❝ ✒ ❂❲❂❲❝ ♥ÿ❻③ÿ✲❪ ✿❴♥✈✆❅❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❂❿① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂❿✆❲✿❴❝❁①❩☎rq✧❄✑❂➆❷✑❂ þ■✂❁❂❲❝✄❝ ✌ ✎❈✆✟❞✈❂❲✆✟❞✪❃❂❅✂❪✡♠❃☎✝✂ ✒ ❂✍❷✑❂q❉➊ÿ✳①❩✿✳♥✄✟♦❈ ❩❂❩●❩ ✆❇✎✤➀♠☛✍♥❻❝✄❄✑✾✈✾❀✿❴❝❁❂✉❄✑♥✑❂✉✆❅✿❴❝✄①❿✿❴③✢✿❂❅❴☎✢❂✝✆☞♣◆②r❉ ÿ⑩❱❴❂❅✆ ✉❃✇q✕ ❩❝s ❳✈➀⑩❢ ❂❲❝❣✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺➈❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴P✵r❆✸❇✸✳✺✬❂❤ ✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✳✺❯✆❲✿❴✂❁✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ✿❴♥✑❷✑❂❅♥✧❋ÿ✳❄❈✇✏❅❴✂✄✿✳❄✑✾❀❂❅❝❵❷✑❂❅♥✑❝✄❂❅❝ q✧❄✑☎ ❝✜❵❂♣⑤ ✿❴♥✈❷✑✂✄❂❅♥✧❴ÿ✳✾✑✂✟♥❂❲❝ ❩❝s❳➆❂❤ ❩❝s❳●❴r❈ ✩ ✡♠✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❅✄☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✹➀ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❇●❇ ⑨ ②✍☎éÿ❂❅❴✂➩ÿ✁①❩①❿❂ ❷✈❂■❝ ✒ ❂❲✾✕ÿ✳✂➩ÿ✁✄☎✢✿❴♥ ✒ ❂❤❃✿❴☎✝③✢❂❲❝✟✞✷❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝❀✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ❄✑♥r❝✏❃✂✄☎✝✾r❷✑❂ ❄ ⑨ ❩ ☎✝① ÿ❂❅✳❂❲❝ ✆✢✜✰✣✦✥★✧ ♥ÿ➆✂✄❂❅③ÿ✁✄☎r❱❴❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪④❞✕ÿ✳❄✈❃❂q③ ÿ⑩❃☎✝✄❄✑❷✑❂☞❅ ÿ✁③ÿ✳✆❤❃☎sq✧❄✑❂✁➀➂❢ôÿ➛✝❅✿❴♥✑❂q❷✑❂❲♥✑❝❁❂✓❷✑❄●❞ ÿ✳❄✈④✂✄❂❅✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❅❝✄❂❅♥✧✄❂ ③✝❂❲❝ ✒ ❂❅✄✿❴☎✢③✝❂❲❝✄✟③ÿ ✆✷ÿ✁❝✄❝✄❄✈✂✄❂➃❷✑❂ ✾ ❂❲♥✪✄❂ ❱✳❂❲✂❁❝✡✠➝✕ ❄✣❩ ❂❲❝❁●❷✑❄✑❂ ÿ♥ ③ÿ ❝çÿ✁❃❄✑✂çÿ✁❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❂❅❝ ❷ ✒ ❂❤❃❂❅✆❅❃❂❅❄✑✂✄❝➃♣☞♣◆②✼✎➢✡④➩ÿ✳♥✑❷✑☎✝❝✥q✧❄✑❂ ③ ÿ▲✝❲✿❴♥✈❂ ①❩✿✳☎✢♥✑❝●❷✑❂❲♥✑❝❁❂ ❂❲♥ ❋ ÿ✁❝❸✂✄❂❅✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❅❝✄❂❲♥✪✄❂ ③✢❂❲❝ ❅ ÿ✁③ÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝❲➀❲❢✗❂❅❝q✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸◗❂❤ ✽❳✿❩❨✞❀☛✸➎✵✳✲✢✴✞❨P✸✳✺✼❷✑✿❴♥✈♥✑❂❲♥✪➇③✢❂❅❝ ①❩✿✛❇❴❂❅♥✑♥✑❂❅❝ ❷✑❂❅❝✗③✢☎✢❂❅❄❈✇❑❷✑❂❲❝ ✒ ❂❅✄✿❴☎✢③✝❂❲❝ ❂❤✉❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝❪✡♠✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❤❃☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪⑦✡❀ ÿ✳♥✑❷✈☎✢❝ q❱❄✈❂➁③✢❂❅❝↔✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ❂❅❤✽❳✿❩❨✞❀☛✸✳✺☛✁✞✸✹✵➢❄◆✸✳✺➁❷✑✿❴♥✑♥✑❂❅♥✪ ③✝❂❲❝◗☎✢♥✪❃❂❅✂❫❱❢ÿ✳③✝③✢❂❲❝❵❷✑❂✶✆❲✿❴♥✌☞ ÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂✎✍♠❇ ✉❞✡❴✾❀✿✳❄✑✂◗③✢❂❲❝ ✒ ❂❤❃✿❴☎✝③✢❂❲❝❵❂❅ ❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❲❝✫✡❴✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❤❃☎r❱✳❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✹➀ ❢ ❂❲❝q✾ ✿❴☎✢♥✪❃❝❛ÿ✁❄ ❷✑❂❅❝✄❝✄❄✈❝✓❷✑❂➆③ ÿ✬✝❅✿❴♥✑❂❿❷✑❂❲❝ ✒ ❂❅✄✿❴☎✢③✝❂❲❝➛✟ ❄ ❞✑✏✒✠✓✏ ❄ ❳✥✎❑❝❁✿❴♥✪✓❷✈❂❲❝q✂➩ÿ✹❇❴✿❴♥✈❝ ✆❅✿❴❝✄①❿☎sq✧❄✑❂❅❝❤✟✹q✧❄✑☎ ✿❴♥✪✵❝✄❄✑✂ ❱ ✒ ❂❅✆❲❄●♥✑✿✳❃✂❁❂✔☞♠③✝✄✂➩ÿ❂❅❴❂✉❷✕ÿ✳♥✑❝ ✧✤✜✬❇✴✖✦✥✐✩✴✘❥✖✠✔✵✥ ✎❤➀➂❢ ❂❅❝✒✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺❶❄✔✴P✵✖✕ ❫❪✴❃✲✢✿✾✺❇✸✳✺✶✂✄❂❅✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❅❝✄❂❅♥✧✄❂❲♥✪◆③✝❂❲❝■③✝☎✢①❿☎✝❃❂❅❝ ❷✈❂☞❝ ✒ ❂❲✾✕ÿ✳✂➩ÿ✁✄☎✢✿❴♥ ✒ ❂❤❃✿❴☎✝③✢❂❲❝✟✞✷❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝ ♥ÿ✗☞➴ÿ❂❋✈☎✢③✢☎✺ ✒ ❂✬❷✑✿❴♥❈❺ ♥ ✒ ❂❅❂✳➀➇❢ ❂❲❝✒✺✙✘☎✚➛✷✹✲✢✽✾✸✳✺✜✛✫❜✞✴✶❀☛✸✳✺❿☎✝♥✑❷✑☎sq✧❄✑❂❅♥✪❥③✝❂❲❝r✆✷ÿ✁♥✑❷✑☎✢❷✕ÿ✁❃❝♠❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝☞q❱❄✈☎■❝✄✿❴♥✪☛☞♠③✝✄✂ ✒ ❂❲❂❅❝❪✡ ❅ ✒ ❂❅♥ ✒ ❂❲✂çÿ✳③✢❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪✶✾ ÿ✳✂✄✆❅❂✏q✧❄❛❵❂❲③✝③✢❂❅❝☞❝✄✿❴♥✪✶❃✂❁✿❴✾●✾✈✂✟♥❂❲❝✶❷❛❵ ✒ ❂❅✄✿❴☎✢③✝❂❲❝◆✄✂✟♥❂❲❝ ❋✑✂❁☎✢③✝③ÿ✳♥✪❃❂❅❝❲➀ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❇●❳ ❳ ♣❯✿❴①❿✾✑③ ✒ ❂❅❃❄✈❷✑❂❣✟❏❵P✿✾✺✹❄❏✲❱❨✞✵❱❜✢✚✣✚❉✸✳✺❞❵❝❜P✱✳❵P✴✶✵r❆✸✳✺✢✎❀❂❤✤☞➴ÿ❂❋✑☎✝③✢☎✝ ✒ ❂➟✟❏❵P✿✾✺✹❄❏✲❱❨✞✵✧❜✢✚✣✚❉✸✳✺☞✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀❝✺✢✎ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ③❑❵❂✤✇❈✄✂➩ÿ✳✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥❥❷✈❂✈❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❅❝ ✆✢✜✰✣✦✥★✧ ✟➒❨✥❜✞✴❃✱✳❵❃✸❇✎✗❂❤ ❏▲❑ ✧ ❑ ✧ ✟✧❬✞✵✳✲✢✿❁❄❏✸❇✎✹✡✛❃☎✝✂ ✒ ❂✼❷✑❂☞❉■ÿ✁①❩✿❴♥ ✟❑❈ ❩●❩●❩ ÿ✏✎❤➀➅➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✵❈ ❄✣❩ ✔ ❱❴✿✳③✢❄✈✄☎✢✿❴♥❛❷✑❂❲❝③❋✑☎ÿ✁☎✢❝ ❷✑❂●✂➩ÿ✹❇❴✿❴♥ ✟Ýÿ✥✎➢✡■❷✑☎✢❝❁✾❀❂❅✂✄❝✄☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✈❂▲❱❱☎✝✄❂❲❝❁❝✄❂❲❝❸✟✚❋✍✎➢✡✼①✹ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂➙✟❪✆❇✎ ❂❅ ✄❂❲①❿✾✑❝●❷✈❂ ✆❅✂✄✿❴☎✝❝✄❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪❲✟❪❷✍✎➢✡✶✂✄❂❲③éÿ✁❃☎❪❺ÿ✁❄❈✇➅✆❲✿❴♥✈❷✑☎✝✄☎✢✿❴♥✑❝❻❷✑❂➃③♦❵ ✒ ❂✟q✧❄✑☎✝③✢☎r❋✑✂✄❂✡❱❱☎✢✂❁☎✢❂❅③✗☞♠♥ ÿ✳③ ✟✐❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥ ❄ ❳●❳❂❇✥✎❤➀✦✥★✧ ➊ ❂❲❝✏✉③✢❂q❃❂❅①❩✾✑❝❑✿❴❄❸③ÿ❩❝❁❃✂❁❄✑✆❅✄❄✑✂✄❂❺ÿ✁✄✄❂❲☎✢♥✪❑❝✄✿❴♥ ✂çÿ✛❇✳✿❴♥ ①✹ÿ⑩✇❈☎✢①✹ÿ✳③ ✟✪✩✬✫✢✭✯✮★✰☎✭✙✱✲✫✢✮✴✳✙✎✤➀◗❢ ❂❲❝❼✱✳✲✢✴P✵✫✷✹✸✳✺✐✻❃✲✢✿❁❀❃❄❅✿❁✽❁✽✞❆✸❇✸✳✺✡①❩✿❴♥✪✄✂✄❂❻③♦❵ ✒ ❂✜❱✳✿❴③✢❄✈✄☎✢✿❴♥ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂➆❄✑♥ ❝❁❇❱❝❁⑩♥❂❲①❿❂ ❷✑❂✡①✹ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂✡✾ ✿❴♥✑✆❅✄❄✑❂❲③✝③✢❂❅❝❪✡ ➩ÿ✳♥✑❷✑☎✝❝ q✧❄✑❂✡③✢❂❅❝ ✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺❤✻✙✽✾✸✹✿❁❀☛✸✳✺ ☎✢♥✑✆❅✿❴✂✄✾ ✿❴✂❁❂❲♥✪➆③✢❂❅❝➁❂✜⑤❀❂❅✄❝ ❷✑❂❅❝●✾ ✿✳✄❂❲♥✪❃☎✝❂❲③✢❝✼ÿ✳❷✈✿❴❄✑✆❲☎✝❝❻❂❅❊❷✑❂➃③ ÿ ❷✑☎✢❝❁❝✄☎✝✾ ÿ✁❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷❛❵ ✒ ❂❲♥✑❂❅✂❲❅❴☎✝❂ ✿✳✂❲❋✑☎✺ ÿ✳③✝❂❸✾ ÿ✳✂ ❪✂✄☎✝✆❅✄☎✢✿❴♥ ❷✈❇❱♥ ÿ✁①❩☎rq❱❄✈❂❉✟ ÿ♥ ✾ ÿ✳✂❁✄☎✢✂◆❷✈❂✼❈➫✕ ❇✵✥✶✧ ➊ ✎✤➀❩➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀r➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✵❯ ❄●❄ ÿ✥✎ ✁ ❋✑☎éÿ✳☎✢❝q❷✑❂❩① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂✄✟ ✾ ÿ✳✂❥✂➩ÿ✳✾✑✾ ✿❴✂✏▲♥ÿ❡✆❅❂❲③✝③✢❂➆❃✂✄✿✳❄❣❱ ✒ ❂❲❂ ✾ ÿ✁✂✓③✢❂❿❃❞ ✒ ❂❅✿❴✂✟♥❂❅①❩❂❩❷✑❄✴❱❱☎✢✂❁☎✢❂❅③❁✎ ❂❅♥◆❪ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✈❄✴❋✑☎éÿ✳☎✢❝r❷✑❂➆❃❂❅①❩✾✑❝q❷✑❂❿✆❲✂❁✿❴☎✢❝❁❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪⑦✡✗❂❲♥ ❄✑♥✑☎✝ ✒ ❂❲❝q❷✑❄ ✄❂❲①❿✾✑❝q✆❲✿❴❄✑✂çÿ✳♥✪✹➀ ✟✹❋☞✡✈✆★✡✈❂❅◆❷✍✎ ✁ ✂çÿ✳✾✑✾ ✿❴✂❁➟➑➩✦✞➓ ❂❲♥✲❪✿❴♥✑✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❄ ✄❂❲①❿✾✑❝◆❷✑❂✉✆❅✂✄✿❴☎✝❝✄❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪❪✡❈❂❅♥❊❄✈♥✑☎✝ ✒ ❂❲❝◆❷✑❂ ③❑❵✸✷ÿ❂❅✳❂✼✾✈✂ ✒ ❂❲❝❁❂❲♥✪■❷✑❂✬③♦❵✺✹④♥✑☎❱❴❂❅✂✄❝❪✡❳✾ ✿❴❄✑✂➇❷✑❂❲❝✩❅❴✂✄✿❴❄✈✾❀❂❅❝ ✂çÿ✳❝✄❝❁❂❲①☎❋✑③ ✒ ❂❲❝ ✾ ÿ✳✂➇①➁❄✑③✝✄☎✢✾✑③✝☎✢✆❅☎✝ ✒ ❂★✡❅✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ♥ ✩ ✕ ❄ ➀♠❢ ❂❅❝➟✻❃✲✢✽✻✘❪❨P✲✢❀☛✸✳✺✆✟✚❋☛✡♠✆✞✡➴ÿ✳♥✑❷❊❷✍✎❯✂❁❂❲✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❲❝✄❂❅♥✪❃❂❲♥✪✉③✝❂❲❝⑥❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❲❝✶❷✑☎ ⑤ ❄✑❝✫✡✑❃☎✝✂ ✒ ❂❲❝☞❷✈❄ ✆➅ÿ✁ ÿ✳③✝✿●❅❴❄✑❂④❷✑❂ ❆ ✿❴❄✑✂❫❅❴✿❴❄✑③✝❞✑✿❴♥☞✡❈♣❯❞ ÿ✳①✹ÿ✳✂çÿ✳❄❈✇➤✡③✌ ❧♠✿❴❄tq✧❄ ✒ ❂↔✟ ❄ ❳●❳✸❈✏✎✤➀✈❢ ❂❅❝ ✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ❹ ❀☛✸✳✺ ①❿✿❴♥✪❃✂❁❂❲♥✪❿③✢❂❲❝ ✄✂➩ÿ✮❜❁❂❅✆❅❃✿✳☎✢✂✄❂❅❝❩❷✈❂❊③❑❵ ✒ ❂♣❱❴✿❴③✝❄✈❃☎✝✿❴♥ ❷✑❂❊① ÿ✳❝❁❝✄❂❅❝❿✾ ✿❴♥✑✆❤❃❄✑❂❅③✢③✝❂❲❝❪✡❽➩ÿ✳♥✑❷✑☎✝❝▼q❱❄✈❂ ③✝❂❲❝✬✱✳✲✢✴✶✵✫✷✹✸✳✺ ✸❏✻❝❜✞✿✾✺✳✺❇✸✳✺❿①❿✿❴♥✪❃✂✄❂❅♥✪✓③✝❂❲❝q❂✜⑤❀❂❅❃❝❥❷✑❂❲❝q✾❆ ✿✳❃❂❅♥✧✄☎✢❂❅③✢❝☛ÿ✳❷✑✿❴❄✈✆❲☎✢❝q❂❅❥❷✑❄ ❷ ✒ ❂❲✆❅③✢☎✢♥ ✿❴✂❫❋✑☎✝➩ÿ✳③ ✾ ÿ✳✂☞✆✷ÿ✁❄✑❝✄❂✉❷✑❂☞❪ ✂❁☎✢✆❅✄☎✢✿❴♥❩❷✈❇❱♥ ÿ✳①❿☎sq✧❄✑❂✉❷✑❂❅❝⑥❅ ÿ✳③éÿ⑩✇❈☎✢❂❲❝❯✆❲✿❴♥✪❃✂❁❂✉③ ÿ➁①✹ÿ✁❃☎♦♥❂❲✂❁❂❑♥✑✿❴☎✝✂✄❂ ❷✑❄ ❝✏❇❱❝❁⑩♥❂❅①❩❂✁➀■②❞ÿ✳♥✑❝❂✟✚❋☞✡ ✆✞✡ ❂❅ ❷✍✎➢✡❵③✝❂❲❝✓✆❅✿❴❄✑✂❫❋❀❂❅❝ ❝✄✿❴♥✪ ÿ✮❜❁❄✈❝❁ ✒ ❂❅❂❲❝☎❱✳❂❲✂❁✄☎✢✆➅ÿ✳③✢❂❅①❩❂❅♥✧❪✡❵❂❅♥ ❝❁❄✑✾✑✾ ✿❴❝➩ÿ✳♥✪✒q✧❄✑❂✼❃✿❴❄✈❝❵③✢❂❅❝✩❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂❲❝ ✿❴♥✪ ➑✄✭✧✯ ➊ ✮❩✦★➓❴✕ ❬●❬ ❩ t✸➀⑩❢ôÿ✵➩ÿ✳☎✢③✝③✢❂■✆✷ÿ✁✂➩ÿ✳✆❤ ✒ ❂❲✂❁☎✢❝✏❃☎sq✧❄✑❂ ❷✑❂❅❝⑧❋✕ÿ✳✂✄✂❁❂❲❝✶❷❛❵❂❲✂✄✂❁❂❲❄✑✂✶❂❅❝❁✵☎✢♥✑❷✈☎sq✧❄ ✒ ❂❲❂✁➀➂②☎❵ÿ✁✾✑✂✟♥❂❅❝❑❉➊ÿ✳①❩✿✳♥➙✟ ❄ ❳●❳●❇✏✎❤➀ ➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀ ❬✸⑨

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✒ ✒ ❷❛❵❄✈♥ ❝✄✿✳❄✑❝✏❺⑥❂❲♥✑❝❁❂❲①☎❋✑③✝❂➆③✢☎✢①❿☎✝ ✒ ❂✓❂❅♥ ✾ ✿❴❝✄☎✺❃☎✝✿❴♥❸❝✄❄✈✂q③✝❂ ✆❲☎✝❂❲③■❂❅q❂❅♥ ❷ ✒ ❂❅✆✷ÿ✳③éÿ❂❅❴❂❅❝✉❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❅✄✂➩ÿ✳❄❱✇ ❷✑❂ ③♦❵ ✒ ❂❲✆✟❞ ÿ✳♥✪✄☎✢③✢③✝✿❴♥ ❷✈❂ ✌✥✿✮❱❱☎✝♥✑✿③✡☞♣❯③✝✿✁❯❂❅❝❪✡➟✌ ✎❱❞ ÿ⑩❱❴❂❲✂⑨✟ ❄ ❳●❳●❞✥✎➢✡✼✄☎✢✂ ✒ ❂❸❷✑❂ ✽✶✿❴❄✑✞✳❂❅① ÿ❭✌ ❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥⑨✟♦❈ ❩●❩❂❩ ✎❤➀ ➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀r➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀q➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❴ ❄ ❄ ❇ ②✍☎ÿ❂❅❴✂çÿ✳①❿①❩❂ ♥ ✩ ✡➟♦ ✩ ❷✑❂❅❝✠✝❅✿❴♥✑❂❅❝●✾ ❂❲✂❁①❩☎✝❝✄❂❲❝✡✾✕ÿ✳✂✡③ÿ ✾✑✂ ✒ ❂❲❝✄❂❅♥✑✆❲❂➃❷❛❵❄✑♥➅✾✑☎✢✆ ❷✑❂✄➓ ✕ ❄ ❇ ❩ t ➄❃➅ ❉●✾❀✆❂✟❪✆❅✿❴①❩✿❂❋✑☎✢③✝❂❇✎❯❷ ÿ✳♥✈❝④③✝❂q❝❁✾❀❂❅✆❅✄✂✄❂➁❷✑❂q✾✑❄✑☎✝❝✄❝çÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂❅❝❑❷✑❂❅❝❑✆❅✿❈✿❴✂❁❷✑✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂❲❂❲❝✵ ÿ✳♥❱❺ ❅❴❂❲♥✪❃☎✝❂❲③✝③✢❂❲❝➇❷✑❂✬③♦❵ ✒ ❂❲✆✟❞ ÿ✳♥✪✄☎✢③✢③✝✿❴♥q❷✑❂❯③éÿ❑❧❵☎r❅❴❄✑✂✄❂ ❄ ❈✶✡✛✄☎✢✂ ✒ ❂✼❷✑❂❯✽✵✿❴❄✈✞✳❂❲①✹ÿ✓✌➅❉■ÿ✳①❿✿❴♥❂✟♦❈ ❩●❩❂❩ ✎❤➀ ❢✗❂❅❝❣✝❅✿❴♥✑❂❅❝✵❝❁✿❴①☎❋✑✂❁❂❲❝✵✆❲✿❴✂❁✂✄❂❅❝✄✾ ✿❴♥✑❷✑❂❅♥✧▼♥ÿ ✆❲❂❅③✢③✢❂❅❝⑥q✧❄✑☎✗❝✄✿❴♥✪✵✂✄❂ ❜❁❂❅ ✒ ❂❅❂❲❝❅➀ ➀q➀❥➀q➀q➀❥➀q➀❥➀r➀ ❴❂❇

(11)
(12)

❜✳❂✏❱❴✿❴❄✑❷✈✂➩ÿ✳☎✝❝❑✾✑✂❁✿✢☞✑❃❂❅✂✍❷✑❂➁✆❅❂➁① ✒ ❂❲①❿✿❴☎✢✂❁❂q✾ ✿❴❄✑✂④✂✄❂❅①❩❂❅✂✄✆❲☎✝❂❲✂④❄✑♥✝❅❴✂➩ÿ✁♥✑❷❸♥✑✿❴①❊❋✑✂✄❂❥❷✑❂➁✾ ❂❲✂✄❝❁✿❴♥✑♥✑❂❅❝☞q✧❄✑☎ ①❆❵✿❴♥✪➃ÿ✳☎✢❷ ✒ ❂ ÿ➆✾♥ ✿❴❄✑✂❁❝✄❄✑☎❱❱✂✄❂r①❩❂❅❝✶✂✄❂❲✆✟❞✈❂❲✂✄✆✟❞✈❂❲❝❲➀ ❜✳❂✼✂✄❂❅①❩❂❅✂✄✆❅☎✢❂✼❷❛❵ÿ✷❋❀✿❴✂❁❷✓②❞ÿ✁♥✑☎✢❂❅③ ❆ ❂❅✂❲❋ ÿ✳③✧❂❤■♣❯❞ ÿ✁♥✧➩ÿ✳③❱✠❭ÿ✳③✝✞✳✿✁✶❝✄✞✧☎✔q❱❄✈☎❈①▲❵✿✳♥✧❽ÿ✳✆❅✆❲❄✑❂❅☎✢③✝③✢☎❴❂❅♥➁❧♠✂➩ÿ✳♥✈✆❲❂✼❂❅ ✆ ❄✯❱❈✂ ✒ ❂✓✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✶①❿✿❴♥❡✂❁❂❲✆❲✂❁❄✈❃❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪⑦✡ ❂❅❑❢✗❄✈✆❲☎✢❂❅♥✑♥✑❂ ❆ ✿❴❄❣❅❴❄✑❂❲♥✈❞✑❂❲☎✝① ✾❀✿❴❄✈✂✵①▲❵ÿ✣❱✳✿❴☎✢✂⑥❪ ✿❴✂✏❃❂❅①❩❂❅♥✧④❝✄✿✳❄✈❃❂❅♥❱❄ ✾❀✿❴❄✈✂◆①❩✿✳♥✡✂✄❂❲✆❅✂✄❄✈✄❂❲①❿❂❲♥✪✶✆❲✿✳①❩①❿❂❞ÿ✳❝✏❃✂✄✿✳♥✑✿❴①❿❂❤❺ ÿ✁❷❖❜❁✿❴☎✢♥✪✬❂❲♥ ❄ ❳●❳ ❩ ➀♠❉●❂❅✂✄✆❅☎✸❂❲♥✑✆❅✿❴✂✄❂✲♥ÿ➁❋④③ ÿ✳☎✝♥✡☛✍①❩✿✳♥✧◆❂❅ ❉●☎✢✆✟❞✑❂❅③✗②✍❂❲♥✑♥✈❂✜❪❂❲③✝❷❆q✧❄✑☎ ①▲❵✿❴♥✪✶☎✢♥✸❱❱☎✝ ✒ ❂ ♥ÿ ③❑❵✌✥❋❴þ ➀ þ■❄✑☎✝❝ ❜❁❂❊❱✳✿❴❄✑❷✑✂çÿ✳☎✢❝✉✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂✄✆❅☎✢❂❅✂❑❋❑③ ❆ ③éÿ✳❝✄❝❫❅❴✿❴③✢❷●✾❀✿✳❄✑✂✍①▲❵ÿ⑩❱❴✿✳☎✢✂❑❂❅♥✑❝✄❂❅☎s❅❴♥ ✒ ❂ ③ÿ ❋ ❂❲③✝③✢❂q✾✑❞✪❇❈❝❁☎✢✆❅✿✁❺✥✆✟❞✑☎✝①❩☎✝❂ ❷✑❂❲❝❽❂❅♥✸❱❴❂❲③✝✿❴✾✑✾ ❂❲❝■✆❅☎✢✂✄✆❅❄✑①❿❝❁❃❂❅③✢③éÿ✳☎✢✂❁❂❲❝❪✡❳❋④③ ÿ✳☎✝♥➁✠❯③éÿ✳♥✑✆✟❞ ÿ✳✂❁❷☎q✧❄✑☎✈①▲❵ÿ❑✾✑✂✄❂❅❝❲q✧❄✑❂◆✄✿❴❄✈↔ÿ✳✾✈✾✑✂✄☎✝❝❵❂❲♥ ✆❅✿❴❝✄①❿✿❴③✝✿●❅❴☎✢❂ ❂❅q❉■ÿ✁✂✄✞❸❏✵❂❲♥✑✂❁☎✢✞✧❝✄❂❅♥☞✡❛q✧❄✑☎❽①▲❵ÿ ☎✢♥✪❃✂❁✿❈❷✈❄✑☎✝▼♥ÿ ③♦❵ÿ✳❝❁✄✂✄✿❴♥✈✿❴①❩☎✝❂❥❂❅♥ ✂➩ÿ✹❇❴✿✳♥✑❝✉⑦➁➀✗❉❊❂❲✂✄✆❅☎⑧♥ÿ✡②❞ÿ✳♥✑☎✝❂❲③ ❆ ❂❅✂❲❋ ÿ✁③ ❂❅❊♥ÿ➆❧❵③✝✿❴✂✄❂❅♥✑✆❲❂✉②✍❄✈✂✄✂✄❂❤☞✾ ✿❴❄✑✂◆③❑❵ÿ✳✾✈✾❀✿❴✂✏☞❷✑❂✉✆❅✂✄☎✝✄☎sq✧❄✑❂❅❝◆✆❲✿❴♥✈❝❁❃✂❁❄✑✆❅✄☎r❱✳❂❲❝✶❝✄❄✑✂☞①❿❂❲❝◆✄✂➩ÿ⑩❱❢ÿ✳❄❈✇❀➀➂❉●❂❅✂✄✆❅☎ ÿ✳❄✑❝❁❝✄☎ ♥ÿ ❜✳☎✢① ✠❭ÿ✳✂✏❃③✢❂❤✄❪✡☞❉■ÿ✁❁❃❞✑❂ ♣❯✿✳③✢③✢❂❅❝✄❝✫✡ ❆ ❄✑❝✡✔ ❱❱✂➩ÿ✳✂❁❷☞✡☞✠❯❂❅✂✄♥ ÿ✳✂❁❷ ❧♠✿❴✂❁❪✡◆✠❯✂❁❄✑♥✑✿ ❆ ❄✑☎✢❷✑❂❅✂✄❷✑✿✳♥✑☎➒✡❯❉■ÿ✳✂❁✞ ❏④❂❲♥✈✂✄☎✢✞✧❝❁❂❲♥☞✡❈♣❯❂❲❷✈✂✄☎✢✆④❢ôÿ✳✆❲❂❤❇✏✡❈☛ ❪❂❲✂✬❢ôÿ✳❞ ÿ⑩❱✙✡✪❍ ✂❁❂✜❱❴✿✳✂❭þ ✿✳♥✑① ÿ✁♥☞✡✧✠❯✿❴❄✑❷ ✽✵✿✳❄✑✞✳❂❅① ÿ❝✡❴➄ ☎✝③✢③➂✎✚ÿ✳❄✑♥✑❷✑❂❅✂✄❝✫✡✑❜✳✿❱❂ ✎❈☎✢③✝✞✙✡✑❧➂✂çÿ✳♥❵♦✆❅✿❴☎✢❝✵✎❈☎✝①❩☎✝❂❲♥☞✡✑✔◗❷❊❍➇❄✑✂✄♥✑❂❅✂❪✡➐þ❘ÿ⑩❃✂✄☎✝✆✟✞ ❹➞ÿ✳③ÿ✷❅❴❂✷ÿ✳❝✫✡♠②❞ÿ⑩❱❱☎✢❷❻❹➞ÿ✳③✢③✝❝✏❺ ❆ ÿ❂❋ ÿ✁❄✑❷☞✡♠✎❱☎✢①❿✿❴♥ ➄ ❞✑☎✝✄❂r❂❅ ✾✑✂✄✿●❋✕ÿ❂❋✑③✢❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪☞❂❲♥✑✆❅✿❴✂✄❂☞❋ ❂✷ÿ✁❄✑✆❲✿❴❄✈✾●❷❛❵ÿ✳❄✈✄✂✄❂❅❝☞✾❀✿❴❄✈✂☞❷✑❂❲❝☞♥✑✿✳①☎❋✑✂✄❂❅❄✑❝✄❂❅❝✶❷✑☎✢❝❁✆❲❄✑❝❁❝✄☎✢✿✳♥✑❝⑥❪ ✂✄❄✑✆❤❃❄✑❂❅❄✑❝✄❂❅❝❲➀ ❜❣❵ÿ✳☎ ❂❲❄P❋ ❂✷ÿ✳❄✈✆❲✿❴❄✑✾ ❷✑❂ ✾✑③éÿ✳☎✢❝❁☎✢✂✲♥ÿ●❷✈☎✢✂✄☎r❅❴❂❲✂r③✝❂❲❝r❃❞❛♥❂❅❝✄❂❲❝ ❷✈❂ ❷✑✿❱✆❅✄✿❴✂➩ÿ✁❥❷✑❂ ✎❈❂❲✂❫❅❴☎✢✿❡②✍✿❴❝➁✎✚ÿ✳♥✪❃✿❴❝❥❂❅ ✠➻ÿ✳✂❲❋ ÿ✁✂➩ÿ ❢❨ÿ✁♥③✝❲✿❴♥✈☎➒✡✫q❱❄✈☎❵①▲❵✿❴♥✪❑✆✟❞ ÿ✳✆❲❄✈♥ ❋ ❂✷ÿ✁❄✑✆❲✿❴❄✈✾➽ÿ✳✾✑✾✑✂❁☎✢❝❪✡❀❂❅☞q✧❄✑☎✔✡✸❜✜❵❂❲❝❁✾❛♥❂❲✂❁❂✞✡✸✆❅✿❴♥✪❃☎✝♥❱❄✈❂❲✂✄✿✳♥✧✲♥ÿ❩①❆❵ÿ✳✾✑✾✑✂❁❂❲♥✑❷✈✂✄❂ ❷✑❂❲❝✶✆✟❞✑✿❴❝❁❂❲❝❅➀ ❉❊❂❲✂✄✆❅☎ ♥ÿ❜✝④☎✢✆❅✿❴③ ÿ✁❝❥✔■✾ ✆✟❞✪❃❂❲☎✝♥☞✡❵❋④③ÿ✳☎✝♥ ☛✍①❿✿❴♥✪✓❂❤ ❆ ❄✈❇ ✎❈☎✢①❿✿❴♥➃✾❀✿✳❄✑✂❥③✝❂❲❄✑✂q✆❲✿✳♥✌☞➴ÿ✳♥✑✆❅❂ ❷ ÿ✳♥✈❝✓①❿❂❲❝ ❃✂➩ÿ⑩❱❢ÿ✳❄❈✇➅❝❁❄✑✂ ✆✢✜✤✣✦✥★✧ ❂❤❸✠❯✂❁☎ÿ✳♥ ✠❯✿✛❇❱③✢❂➃✾❀✿✳❄✑✂❻①❆❵ÿ⑩❱❴✿❴☎✝✂➊ÿ✁❝✄❝✄✿❱✆❲☎ ✒ ❂ ÿ✁❄ ❅❴✂❁✿❴❄✑✾ ❂ ❷✑❂ ❃✂çÿ⑩❱ìÿ✁☎✢③✉❷✑❄ ✓✗✭✶✵ ➀ ②☎❵ÿ✳☎✝③✢③✝❂❲❄✑✂❁❝❪✡❝❜❁❂ ✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎✢❂ ✠❯✂✄☎r❅❴☎✝❁❃❂➃✽✶✿❈✆❅✆✷ÿ⑩❺➉❹◗✿❴③✢①❿❂❲✂çÿ✳♥t❅❴❂ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂❡①▲❵ÿ✣❱✳✿❴☎✢✂❊✾ ✿❴❄✑❝✄❝ ✒ ❂ ÿ♥ ✆❅✿❴♥✑❝✄☎✝❷ ✒ ❂❲✂❁❂❲✂❸③✝❂ ✒ ❂❲③✝❂❲❝❁✆❲✿❴✾ ❂ ✕✞✝ ✧ ❊ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂☞③✝❂❲❝☞❝✄❄✈☎r❱❱☎✢❝✶❝✄✾ ❂❲✆❤❃✂❁✿❴❝✄✆❅✿❴✾✑☎sq✧❄✑❂❅❝④❷✈❂ ✆✢✜✰✣✦✥★✧ ❂❤ ✷ ✪❧ ✧❁✧ ➀ ❜✳❂✒❱✳✿❴❄✑❷✑✂çÿ✳☎✢❝✗❂❲♥✈✆❲✿❴✂❁❂✼✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎✢❂❅✂➇♣❭ÿ✁❃❞✈❂❲✂✄☎✝♥✑❂ ❆ ✂❁❂❲♥✑❂❤⑦✡⑩❜✳❂➅ÿ✳♥❈❺✙❧♠✂çÿ✳♥❵♦✆❲✿✳☎✢❝➇✎❱❇✔❅❴♥✑❂❤➇❂❅ ❆ ❂❅✿❴✂❲❅✳❂❲❝➇②✍❂✟❋❛♥❂♣❱❴❂ ✾❀✿❴❄✈✂❑③ÿ❩① ÿ✳☎✝♥✪❃❂❲♥✕ÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂✓❷✑❂➁③♦❵❂❤✇❈✆❅❂❲③✢③✝❂❲♥✪✍❝❁❂❲✂ ❱❈☎✝✆❲❂ ☎✝♥❣❪✿❴✂✄①✹ÿ✁✄☎sq✧❄✑❂q❷✑❂➁③♦❵✌✥❋✵þ ❂❅r❜✳❂✷ÿ✳♥ ✠❯✿✳✂✄❝✄❂❅♥✵❋❀❂❅✂❲❅❴❂❅✂✉❂❅ ❢✗☎✝✿❴♥✑❂❅③❞þ■✂✄✿✣❱❴✿❴❝✏❡✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✡③✝❂ ✆❲❂❲♥✪✄✂✄❂➃❷✑❂ ❃✂➩ÿ✁☎✝❃❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪❃❝✡✾ ÿ✳✂❁☎✢❝❁☎✢❂❲♥ ❷✑❂❅❝●❷✈✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂❅❂❲❝ ✆✢✜✤✣✦✥★✧ ➀✵❜✳❂✝❱❴✿✳❄✑❷✑✂➩ÿ✁☎✢❝ ✾ ÿ✳✂❁✄☎✢✆❅❄✑③✢☎♦♥❂❲✂✄❂❅①❩❂❅♥✪ ✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂✄✆❅☎✢❂❅✂❻❜✳❂✷ÿ✳♥ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ③❑❵❂✤✇❈✆❲❂❲③✝③✢❂❅♥✧❩❃✂çÿ✣❱❢ÿ✳☎✝③ q✧❄❛❵☎✢③❴ÿ✴❪ ✿❴❄✑✂✄♥✈☎❑❂❲♥ ÿ✁①❩✿❴♥✪✡❝❁❄✑✂✡③✢❂❅❝ ☎✢①✹ÿ❂❅❴❂❲❝ ✆✢✜✰✣✦✥★✧ ✡ìÿ✁☎✢♥✑❝❁☎✯q✧❄✑❂☞✔■①❿① ÿ✁♥❱❄✈❂❲③❱✠❯❂❲✂✏❃☎✝♥➁✾❀✿✳❄✑✂ ❝❁✿❴♥✫ÿ✳☎✝❷✑❂✐ÿ✣❱✳❂❲✆☞❝❁✿❴♥➁❂❤✇❈✆❅❂❲③✢③✝❂❲♥✪❽③✝✿●❅❴☎✝✆❲☎✢❂❅③ ✧✤✜✬❇✴✖✦✥✐✩✴✘ ✿ ✖✠✔✬✥➀ ❜❣❵ÿ✳☎✸❂❅❄❻③ ÿ✓✆✟❞ ÿ✁♥✑✆❲❂r❷✑❂✍✄✂✄✿❴❄❣❱✳❂❲✂✶❄✑♥❻✆❲✿✳①❩☎✺ ✒ ❂❑❷ ❵❞ ÿ✷❋✑☎✢③✝☎✝ ÿ⑩❃☎✢✿✳♥ ÿ➁③❑❵♥ ✹④❧❽✽ ❳✸❈❖❬➁❷✑❂✉③♦❵✺✹④♥✈☎r❱❴❂❅✂✄❝❁☎✝ ✒ ❂❛þ❽ÿ✳✂✄☎✝❝ ❞✆✟âþ■☎✢❂❲✂❁✂✄❂☞❂❤◆❉➊ÿ✳✂✄☎✝❂✵♣❯❄✑✂✄☎✝❂❇✎✹✡✳❷❛❵❄✈♥✑❂ ❅❴✂➩ÿ✳♥✈❷✑❂✠✟♠❂❤✇❈☎s❋✈☎✢③✢☎✺ ✒ ❂✬❂❅ ❅❴❂❲♥✪✄☎✢③✢③✝❂❲❝❁❝✄❂✞✡✳❂❅ ❜❁❂☞❃☎✝❂❲♥✑❝■❷✑✿✳♥✑✆☎♥ÿr✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎✢❂❅✂ ❝✄❂❲❝④❷✑❂❲❄❱✇❡①❿❂❲①❊❋✑✂✄❂❅❝❪✡ ❆ ❂❲✿❴✂❫❅❴❂❲❝✵❋❑③rq❱❄✈☎ ✒ ❂r❂❅❑❏④❄t❋ ❂❲✂✏✉♣❭ÿ✁✆✟❞✑❂❅❲➀ ✔❽④❄✑♥❡①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎ ♥ÿ ❜✳❄✈③✢☎✢❂❅♥❡②✍❂♣❱❱✂✄☎✢❂❅♥✑❷✈⑧q✧❄✑☎ ÿ❩❂❲❄ ③éÿ❧❋ ✿❴♥✑♥✈❂➁☎✢❷ ✒ ❂❅❂✓❷✑❂❥③ ÿ✳☎✝❝✄❝❁❂❲✂✵❝✄❂❲❝❑① ÿ✳✆❅✂✄✿❴❝❑❢☛✡✄❍ ✔ ⑦ ❷✑☎✢❝❁✾❀✿❴♥✈☎s❋✑③✝❂❲❝✵❂❲♥❸③✝❂❲✆❅✄❄✑✂✄❂★✡❀✆➅ÿ✳✂ ❜✜❵ÿ✳☎➇✾✑❄✿ÿ✳☎✝♥✑❝✄☎➇③✢❂❅❝ ÿ✳❷ ÿ✳✾✈✄❂❲✂❊♥ÿ➆③♦❵ ✒ ❂❲✆❅✂✄☎✝✄❄✑✂✄❂✉❷✈❂q✆❅❂r① ✒ ❂❅①❩✿❴☎✝✂✄❂✁➀ ❜❣❵ÿ✳☎✼❂❲❄✠ÿ✳❄✈❝✄❝✄☎✈❋❀❂➅ÿ✳❄✑✆❲✿✳❄✑✾ ❷✑❂ ✆✟❞ ÿ✁♥✑✆❲❂ ❷ ❵ÿ⑩❱❴✿✳☎✢✂✓✄✂✄✿❴❄❣❱ ✒ ❂ ❄✈♥▲❜❁❄✑✂❁❇ ❷✑❂ ✄✂✟♥❂❅❝☎❅❴✂➩ÿ✁♥✑❷✑❂ q✧❄ ÿ✁③✢☎✝ ✒ ❂ ❂❤ ❜❁❂ ✂✄❂❲①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎✝❂ ❷✑✿❴♥✑✆✉þ❘ÿ⑩❃✂✄☎✝✆✟✞ ✠❯✿❴☎✝❝✄❝ ✒ ❂✞✡✶❧♠✂➩ÿ✳♥ ✆❲✿❴☎✝❝✄❂➃♣❯✿❴①☎❋♦ ❂❲❝✫✡✶②❞ÿ✳♥✑☎✝❂❲③ ❆ ❂❲✂❫❋ ÿ✳③➒✡ ❆ ❄❈❇➅❉■ÿ✁✄❞✑❂❪✝★✡④✔■❷✑❄✕ÿ✳✂✄❷ ✎sÿ✳③r❱❢ÿ✳❷✈✿❴✂✏❺✙✎❈✿❴③ ✒ ❂★✡ ❜✳✿❱❂ ✎❱☎✢③✢✞❡❂❅➁✎❈☎✢①❿✿❴♥ ➄ ❞✑☎✝✄❂✞✡✗✾ ✿❴❄✑✂☛ÿ⑩❱❴✿❴☎✝✂q✄✿❴❄✑❝✻ÿ✳✆❲✆❅❂❲✾✈ ✒ ❂✞✡➇❝➩ÿ✳♥✑❝❥❞ ✒ ❂❲❝❁☎✝✄❂❲✂❪✡✗❷❛❵❂❲♥◆❪âÿ✳☎✢✂❁❂ ✾ ÿ✳✂❁✄☎✢❂✁➀✗❜❣❵❂❅♥ ✾✑✂❁✿✢☞✑✄❂❩✾ ✿❴❄✑✂r①▲❵❂✤✇✈✆❅❄✑❝✄❂❅✂✓❷❛❵ÿ⑩❱❢ÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂❿✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✉❃✿❴❄❈❃❂➆❝✄✿❴❄✯⑤ ✂çÿ✳♥✑✆❲❂❿③✢☎ ✒ ❂❲❂✡♥ÿ❻③ ÿ✡③✢❂❅✆❅❃❄✈✂✄❂➆❷✑❂❿✆❲❂ ① ÿ✳♥✧❄✑❝❁✆❲✂❁☎✝✬❂❅◆✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✼③✢❂❅❄✑✂❯✂❁❂❲①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎✢❂❅✂✬❷ ❵ÿ⑩❱❢ÿ✳♥✑✆❅❂✍✾❀✿✳❄✑✂✼✄✿❴❄✈✄❂❲❝◆③✝❂❲❝ q❱❄✈❂❲❝❁✄☎✢✿❴♥✈❝◆☎✢♥✪ ✒ ❂❅✂✄❂❅❝✄❝➩ÿ✁♥✧✄❂❲❝⑥q✧❄❛❵☎✢③✝❝✬①❿❂ ✾❀✿❴❝❁❂❲✂❁✿❴♥✪✹➀❈❜✳❂④③✝❂❲❄✑✂✼✂✄❂❅①❩❂❅✂✄✆❅☎✢❂➃ÿ✳❄✑❝❁❝✄☎ ❷✑❂❲❝✬✆❲✿❴①❿①❩❂❅♥✪ ÿ✳☎✝✂✄❂❲❝◗❝❁❄✑✂✬③✝❂⑥❪ ✿❴♥✑❷ ❂❤❯③✝❂❲❝✼❂❲✂❁✂✄❂❲❄✈✂✄❝✬✥❇❱✾ ✿●❅❴✂çÿ✳✾✑❞✑☎rq❱❄✈❂❲❝ ✿❴❄❻❷✑❂☞❪✂➩ÿ✳♥❵♦✆➅ÿ✳☎✢❝❅➀

(13)

❷✈❂✡❷✑✿❴♥✑♥ ✒ ❂❅❂❲❝▼❋✑☎r❋✑③✢☎✝✿●❅❴✂➩ÿ✁✾✑❞✑☎sq✧❄✑❂❿❝✄☎❯❄✈❃☎✝③✢❂ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂ ③✝❂❲❝✫ÿ✁❝❁❃✂❁✿❴♥✑✿❴①❿❂❲❝✫✡❽③✢❂ ❝❁ ÿ❖⑤ ❷✑❂✁ ✔✾✣ ❧ ✰✩✬✛✸✔✾✣ ✣❃✩✕✖❍✜✔✷✫✴✩✵✰ ✩✬✼✗✔✵✥✩❅✖✠✔✬✥❫✜✤✚❙✣ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂❿③✢❂❻❃✂✟♥❂❲❝ ❄❈❃☎✢③✝❂●❝❁❂❲✂ ❱❴❂❲❄✈✂ ❷✑❂❡✾✈✂ ✒ ❂❤❺⑥✾✑✂✄☎✝♥✪❃❝❪✡✼❂❅ ✽✵☎✝✆✟❞ ÿ✳✂❁❷ ✎❱➩ÿ✳③✢③✝① ÿ✳♥ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂➆❃✿❴❄✈❝ ❝✄❂❅❝ ③✝✿●❅❴☎✝✆❲☎✢❂❅③✢❝ ✎ ✣ ✕ ✡♠❂❲♥❊✾ ÿ✳✂✏❃☎✢✆❅❄✑③✢☎✝❂❲✂✄✂✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡❈➀ ❜✳❂✏❱✳✿❴❄✑❷✑✂çÿ✳☎✢❝❑❂❤✇❈✾✑✂✄☎✝①❩❂❅✂❑①✹ÿ❿✄✂✟♥❂❲❝ ❅❴✂➩ÿ✳♥✈❷✑❂❺ÿ✷⑤❀❂❲✆❤❃☎✝✿❴♥❸✾ ✿❴❄✑✂❑①✹ÿ ①❆♥❂❲✂❁❂➁✔■♥✑♥ ÿ ❂❤✍①✹ÿ❩❝ ✆ ❄✑✂✍②✍❂❲③✢☎éÿ❝✡ ✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✶③✝❂❲❄✑✂☞❝❁✿❴❄✈❃☎✝❂❲♥❻✆❲✿✳♥✑❝❁➩ÿ✳♥✪✹➀ ❜✳❂✶❃❂❲✂❁①❩☎✝♥✑❂✵✾ ÿ✳✂✼❄✑♥ ✒ ❂❲♥✈✿❴✂✄①❿❂④①❿❂❲✂❁✆❲☎ ❂❅❯❄✑♥ ❅❴✂çÿ✳♥✑❷ ①❿❂❲❝❁❝➩ÿ❂❅✳❂❑❷❛❵ÿ✳①❿✿❴❄✑✂✉♥ÿ❥①❿✿❴♥ ✒ ❂❅✾❀✿✳❄✑❝✄❂ ❆ ÿ❂❋✈✂✄☎✢❂❅③✢③✝❂✞✡ q✧❄✑☎✐ÿ●❂❅♥✑❷✑❄✑✂ ✒ ❂✞✡❘ÿ✣❱✳❂❲✆❩❄✑♥✑❂❩✄✂✟♥❂❅❝❊❅❴✂çÿ✳♥✑❷✑❂❩✾ ÿ✁❃☎✝❂❲♥✑✆❅❂✞✡✭❋✑☎✝❂❲♥ ❷✈❂❲❝✓❝❁✿❴☎✢✂ ✒ ❂❲❂❅❝✓❂❅ ✬❂❲❂❲✞❴❺⑥❂❲♥✑❷✑❝ ❝çÿ✳♥✑❝❥① ÿ✳✂❁☎➒✡ ❂❤ ❜✜❵❂❲♥❡✾✑✂✄✿✢☞✈❃❂➁✾ ✿❴❄✑✂✵☎✢①❿①❩✿✳✂❁ ÿ✁③✢☎✢❝❁❂❲✂◆♥✈✿❴❝❑❂❅♥❣❪âÿ✳♥✪❃❝❞ÿ✁❷✑✿❴✂ ✒ ❂❅❝❪✡ ❋❑✂❁☎ ÿ✳♥✑❂★✡ ②❞ÿ✳✾✑❞✑♥ ✒ ❂❥❂❅✍✔◗③✝☎✢✿✳❁⑦✡♠❂❤ ❜❁❂✓③✝❂❲❄✑✂✵❷✑☎✝❝ ✆❅❂r①❩✿✳❪✡ ÿ✳❷ ÿ✁✾✈ ✒ ❂r❷✑❂❞✝④☎✝❂❅❱✝❲❝✄✆✟❞✈❂ ✁ ✌☞✎✍✚❥✖✦✥✐✚❦✓✵✳✵✛❖✩✾✜✹✫✺✭✵✔✱✜✖❵✣❁✚◆✣ ✳✵✥◗❆✴✩✕✣●✣❁✚✙✥✑✏

Figure

Fig. 1 shows that in comparison to the LS98 mass function (solid curves), the MCM presents an excess of small objects, and a significant underproduction of high-mass haloes, especially at high redshift.
Fig. 2 shows the mass fraction of haloes of mass M o at redshift z o , that has already settled at redshift z p in progenitors with masses between M p and M p ‡ dM p
Figure 4. History of the most massive progenitor of 30 haloes selected at z o ˆ 0. The y-axis represents the ratio of progenitor mass M 1 to final halo mass M o
Fig. 5 shows the distribution of formation redshift for haloes with mass M o ˆ ‰10 i ; 5  10 i Š M ( ; i ˆ 11, 12, 13, 14 at z ˆ 0
+3

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