RIVE GAUCHE TOWER-ACHRAFIEH
by
HAMMOUD Fayad KHEIREDDINE Mohamed
Submitted to the Faculty of Engineering
In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering - Civil Engineering
at the
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)
Kaslik, Lebanon
vi
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this report is to present our study covering the structural analysis of a tower in addition to special topic. The “RIVE GAUCHE TOWER” located in ‘ACHRAFIEH’ is studied using different softwares meeting all requirements of building codes and the results are assessed by hand calculation. The structural design takes into account gravity, wind and seismic loadings.
All elements were designed and detailed.
The special topic covers the stability analysis of a slope located at Chekka, North of Lebanon, taking into consideration the effect of the vegetation on the landslide.
Keywords: Tower, seismic, wind, structural design, piles, slope stability.
vii
RÉSUMÉ
L'objectif principal de ce rapport est de présenter notre étude concernant l'analyse structurelle d'une tour en plus d'un sujet spécial. L’édifice “RIVE GAUCHE TOUR” située à “ACHRAFIEH” est modélisée à l'aide de différents logiciels respectant toutes les exigences des codes du bâtiment et les résultats sont évalués par calcul manuel. La conception prend en compte les charges permanentes, exploitation, vent et charges sismiques. Tous les éléments ont été dimensionnés avec les armatures appropriées.
Le sujet spécial concerne l'analyse de la stabilité d'une pente située à Chekka, au Nord du Liban, en tenant compte de l'effet de la végétation sur le glissement de terrain.
Mots-clés: Tour, étude sismique, vent, conception structurelle, pieux, stabilité des pentes.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v
ABSTRACT ... vi
RÉSUMÉ ... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ... xiii
LIST OF TABLES ... xvi
CHAPTER 1: ARCHITECTURAL STUDY ... 18
1.1 Project description ... 18
1.2 Architectural background ... 19
1.2.1- Five basements ... 19
1.2.2- Ground floor ... 19
1.2.3- Lower and upper podium parking ... 20
1.2.4- Podium floor... 20
1.2.5- First floor ... 21
1.2.6- Typical floors from 2-23 ... 21
1.2.7- Typical floors from 24-28 ... 22
1.2.8- Lower and upper roofs ... 22
1.2.9- Elevations ... 23
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN DATA ... 25
2.1 Codes ... 25
2.2 Softwares ... 25
2.3 Soil Properties ... 25
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2.4 Steel Reinforcement ... 25
2.5 Concrete Properties ... 26
2.6 Loads ... 26
2.6.1 Gravity Loads ... 26
2.6.2 Lateral loads ... 27
CHAPTER 3: SEISMIC STUDY... 28
3.1 Introduction ... 28
3.2 Static Analysis ... 28
3.3 Seismic Load Combinations... 32
3.4 Dynamic Analysis ... 33
3.4.1 Diaphragm ... 33
3.4.2 Mass Participating ratio ... 34
3.4.3 Scaling of results ... 36
3.4.4 Story drift ... 37
3.4.5 P- Effect ... 39
3.5 Expansion joint ... 42
3.5.1 Introduction ... 42
3.5.2 Joint thickness... 42
CHAPTER 4: WIND STUDY ... 44
4.1 Introduction ... 44
4.2 Analytical Calculation ... 44
4.3 Wind Load Combinations ... 48
4.4 Model Wind Analysis... 49
Chapter 5: Design of slabs ... 51
5.1 Introduction ... 51
x
5.2 Solid slab design... 51
5.2.1 Preliminary Thickness of slabs ... 51
5.2.2 Deflection check ... 52
5.2.3 Punching Shear ... 54
5.2.4 Design ... 56
5.3 Post tensioned slab ... 58
5.3.1 Thickness ... 58
5.3.2 Type of post-tension used ... 59
5.3.3 Input on safe ... 59
5.3.4 Results ... 62
CHAPTER 6: VERTICAL ELEMENTS DESIGN ... 66
6.1 Columns ... 66
6.1.1 Introduction ... 66
6.1.2 ACI code requirements ... 66
6.1.3 Pre-dimensioning ... 66
6.1.4 S-Concrete Design ... 67
6.2 Shear walls ... 67
6.3 Core walls ... 68
CHAPTER 7: SPECIAL ELEMENTS DESIGN ... 70
7.1 Basement wall ... 70
7.1.1 Introduction ... 70
7.1.2 Static calculation ... 70
7.1.3 Dynamic calculation ... 71
7.1.4 Shear and Moment calculation ... 72
7.1.5 Reinforcement ... 73
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7.2 Stairs ... 76
7.2.1 Staircase Design ... 76
7.2.2 Data and Properties of the Stairs ... 77
7.2.3 Loads on Stairs ... 78
7.2.4 Shear and Moment Calculation ... 79
7.2.5 Steel Reinforcement ... 80
7.3 Ramp ... 81
7.3.1 Ramp Data for Design ... 82
7.3.2 Loads ... 82
7.3.3 Flexure Design ... 83
7.3.4 Check for Shear Reinforcement ... 83
CHAPTER 8: DESIGN OF FOUNDATION SYSTEM ... 84
8.1 Raft Study ... 84
8.1.1 Introduction ... 84
8.1.2 Modeling ... 85
8.1.3 Results ... 85
8.2 Mat piles system ... 94
8.2.1 Description... 94
8.2.2 Piles design ... 94
8.2.3 Laterally loaded piles ... 99
8.3 Mat-pile system design... 101
8.3.1 Punching shear check ... 101
8.3.2 Raft Design ... 102
CHAPTER 9: SPECIAL TOPIC – EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON SLOPE STABILITY ... 104
xii
9.1 Introduction ... 104
9.2 Vegetation ... 104
9.3 Case Study ... 105
9.4 Materials and Methods ... 107
9.4.1 Model ... 107
9.4.2 Analysis ... 108
9.5 Results and Discussions ... 108
9.5.1 Dry conditions ... 108
9.5.2 Variation of water table level ... 109
9.5.3 Variation of shear strength parameters ... 110
9.5.4 Effect of vegetation ... 111
9.6 Conclusion ... 114
GENERAL CONCLUSION ... 115
REFERENCES ... 116
116
REFERENCES
Abe, K. A., & Ziemer, R. R. (1991). Effect of tree roots on shallow-seated landslides. Proceedings of the IUFRO technical session on geomorphic hazards in managed forests; 5-11 August 1990; Montreal, Canada; p. 11-20.
American Concrete Institute (ACI 318), Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
American Concrete Institute (ACI 350), Code requirements for environmental engineering concrete structures-American Concrete Institute (ACI)
ASCE. (2005). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE/SEI Standard 7-05.
ASCE. (2010). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE/SEI Standard 7-10.
A. Stokes, C. Atger, A. G. Bengough, T. Fourcaud and R. C. Sidle. (2009). Desirable plant root traits for protecting natural and engineered slopes against landslides, Plant Soil, vol. 324, issue 1-2, pp. 1-30.
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Sambasivarao, K. Venkata (2015). Quantifying The Role of Vegetation in Slope Stability. PhD diss.
S. He, C. Ouyang and Y. (2012) Luo Seismic Stability Analysis of Soil Nail Reinforced Slope using Kinematic Approach of Limit Analysis”, Environmental Earth Sciences, vol.66, issue 1, pp. 319-326.
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