Optimal routing among ./M/1 queues with partial information
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Optimal routing among /M/1 queues with partial information E. ALTMAN — T. JIMÉNEZ, — R. NÚÑEZ-QUEIJA, — U. YECHIALI. N° 4985 November 2003. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4985--FR+ENG. THÈME 1. apport de recherche.
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(118). ) B f 0eq N *D?+ 0Nq 0eq )0e q, B@= q - B<= 8 M. U8@3. ¼Î½ صÙÚÛØµÜ.
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(134)
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(152) 8<; 0 6 0eq U( V- = + f ?$ V 0 N V N 3 3 3N V V 7 0eq U V . . . . . . . ¼vc½ 3. / S. ~| jH¨ªo]bs[j,o[¤§Hb±Gjq!o]tt£o]jH¤¥!o]_Sb~S¤§hio]si¤¥£l£o]¤§tts@b/m«°bo]j,o]¤§tt, ¤§h»o[_Ss[tl£_ o]_£btShibsvHjUo]¤§t6o]_Sj,o3 _jHhpo]_Sbh]jHab£¤¥hvo]s[¤§Sl£o[¤¥tHXjHh~o[_Sb£lShiqzBbs[¤§t«z¤¥RjHXwHw«c% N 0 ¾¹lSbl£b=±#¤§o[_ ! "
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