HAL Id: hal-02523225
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02523225
Submitted on 28 Mar 2020
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
To cite this version:
B. Guillet, S. Liu, S. Wu, Laurence Mechin, C. Adamo, et al.. How to get phonon noise limited uncooled bolometers?. ICNF 2015 International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, Jun 2015, Xian, China. pp.1-4, �10.1109/ICNF.2015.7288584�. �hal-02523225�
+RZWRJHWSKRQRQQRLVHOLPLWHGXQFRROHG ERORPHWHUV"
%*XLOOHW6/LX6:X/0pFKLQ
*5(<&805&156(16,&$(18QLYHUVLWpGH
&DHQ%DVVH1RUPDQGLH ERXOHYDUG0DUpFKDO-XLQ
&DHQFHGH[)UDQFH (PDLOEUXQRJXLOOHW#XQLFDHQIU
&$GDPR'*6FKORP
'HSDUWPHQWRI0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ
&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\,WKDFD 1<86$
.DYOL,QVWLWXWHDW&RUQHOOIRU1DQRVFDOH6FLHQFH&RUQHOO 8QLYHUVLW\,WKDFD1HZ<RUN86$
$EVWUDFW² ,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH SUHVHQW WKH FDUHIXO VWXG\ RI WKH QRLVH RI XQFRROHG ERORPHWHUV PDGH RI IUHHVWDQGLQJ HSLWD[LDO /D6U0Q26U7L2 /602672 WKLQ ILOPV IDEULFDWHG E\
PLFURPDFKLQLQJ RI WKH VLOLFRQ VXEVWUDWHV 5HODWLYHO\ KLJK YDOXHV RI 7HPSHUDWXUH &RHIILFLHQW RI 5HVLVWDQFH QDPHG 7&5 5îG5G7DERXW.FRXOGEHDFKLHYHGLQ/602DWURRP WHPSHUDWXUH DQG YHU\ ORZ YDOXHV RI WKH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFH DERXW :ā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
.H\ZRUGV²ORZIUHTXHQF\IQRLVHERORPHWHU , ,1752'8&7,21
$ ERORPHWHU LV D WKHUPDO UDGLDWLRQ GHWHFWRU ZKLFK PHDQV WKDW WKH LQFRPLQJ UDGLDWLRQ LV PHDVXUHG E\ WKH WHPSHUDWXUH HOHYDWLRQ FDXVHG E\ LWV DEVRUSWLRQ ,Q RUGHU WR IDEULFDWH KLJK VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR GHWHFWRUV RQH KDV WR UHGXFH WKH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHDFWLYHDUHDDQGWKHVXEVWUDWHLQRUGHU WRLQFUHDVHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVHDQGDOVRFKRRVHDPDWHULDO ZLWKDODUJHYDULDWLRQRIHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWDQFHZLWKWHPSHUDWXUH
>@7KHUHGXFWLRQRIWKHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFHFDQEHDFKLHYHGE\
UHPRYLQJ WKH VXEVWUDWH EHORZ WKH DFWLYH DUHD XVLQJ VLOLFRQ PLFURPDFKLQLQJ IRU H[DPSOH 'XH WR WKH UHGXFHG KHDWHG YROXPHWKHWKHUPDOUHVSRQVHWLPHLVLQWHUHVWLQJO\NHSWORZ
7KH PDQJDQLWH FRPSRVLWLRQ /D6U0Q2 /602 LV D SURPLVLQJ FDQGLGDWH IRU D QHZ JHQHUDWLRQ RI XQFRROHG ERORPHWHUVDVLWLVVKRZLQJDODUJHHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWDQFHFKDQJH DW WKH PHWDOWRLQVXODWRU 0, WUDQVLWLRQ 7KLV YDULDWLRQ LV PHDVXUHGE\WKH7HPSHUDWXUH&RHIILFLHQWRI5HVLVWDQFH7&5 5 G5G7 7&5 LQ /602 LV DERXW . DW WHPSHUDWXUHV FORVH WR . ZKHUHDV LV DERXW . LQ SODWLQXPIRUH[DPSOH0RUHRYHU/602WKLQILOPVH[KLELWYHU\
ORZLQWULQVLFQRLVHDW.RQ6U7L2672VXEVWUDWHVZKLFK
:H SUHYLRXVO\ VKRZHG WKDW WKH IDEULFDWLRQ RI HSLWD[LDO /602672 VXVSHQGHG PLFUREULGJHV XVLQJ LRQ HWFKLQJ IROORZHGE\UHDFWLYHLRQHWFKLQJ5,(RIWKHVLOLFRQVXEVWUDWH ZLWKRXWGHJUDGLQJWKHHOHFWULFDOSURSHUWLHVRI/602LVSRVVLEOH
>@ ,Q WKLV SDSHU ZH VKRZ KRZ WR JHW SKRQRQ QRLVH OLPLWHG XQFRROHG ERORPHWHUV XVLQJ HSLWD[LDO /602672 VXVSHQGHG PLFUREULGJHV6RPHERORPHWHUEDFNJURXQGLVJLYHQLQVHFWLRQ ,, ,Q VHFWLRQ ,,, ZH SUHVHQW WKH H[SHULPHQWDO GHWDLOV 7KH HOHFWULFDODQGWKHUPDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVXVSHQGHG/602672 PLFUREULGJHV DUH GHVFULEHG LQ 6HFWLRQ ,9 /RZ QRLVH PHDVXUHPHQWV RI WKH XQFRROHG ERORPHWHUV DQG 1(3 DQDO\VLV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ VHFWLRQ ,9 )LQDOO\ VHFWLRQ 9 JLYHV WKH FRQFOXVLRQ
,, %2/20(75<%$&.*5281'
2QHFDQZULWHWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKHRSWLFDOUHVSRQVLYLW\9 H[SUHVVHGLQ9ā:RIDERORPHWHURIHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWDQFH5 IURPWKHHTXDWLRQRIHQHUJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHUHFHLYHGERWK HOHFWULFDODQGRSWLFDODQGHYDFXDWHGSRZHU,WLVGHILQHGDVWKH RXWSXW YROWDJH'9I SHU LQFRPLQJ UDGLDWLRQ SRZHU'3I ZKHUHILVWKHPRGXODWLRQIUHTXHQF\RIWKHLQFRPLQJUDGLDWLRQ SRZHUDQGLWFDQEHZULWWHQDVLQWKHFDVHRIDFRQVWDQWFXUUHQW ELDVHGERORPHWHU
[9Iǻ9I ǻ3I
Ș·,
*,·G5G7 ··ʌIIJ·G5G7ZKHUH Ș LV WKH DEVRUSWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW GLPHQVLRQOHVV , LV WKH ELDV FXUUHQW LQ $ *LV WKH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFH RI WKH GHYLFHLQ:ā.W &*LVWKHWKHUPDOWLPHFRQVWDQWLQV
&LVWKHWKHUPDOFDSDFLWDQFHLQ-ā.
,Q WKH PHDQZKLOH LQ RUGHU WR NHHS WKHUPDO WLPH FRQVWDQW ORZ VPDOO WKHUPDO FDSDFLWDQFH LV UHTXLUHG 6XVSHQGHG WKLQ ILOPV DUH WKHQ D JRRG VROXWLRQ IRU DFKLHYLQJ ERWK KLJK UHVSRQVLYLW\ DQG ORZ WKHUPDO UHSRQVH WLPH LH KLJK FXWWRII IUHTXHQF\E\UHGXFLQJVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ERWK*DQG&
7KH FRQYHQWLRQDO ZD\ RI VSHFLI\LQJ WKH QRLVH RI D ERORPHWHULVWRXVHLWVQRLVHHTXLYDOHQWSRZHU1(3ZKLFKFDQ EHLQWHUSUHWHGDVWKHLQSXWVLJQDOSRZHUWKDWSURGXFHVDVLJQDO
PRGXODWLRQIUHTXHQF\DQGHIIHFWLYHQRLVHEDQGZLGWKLWLVWKH PLQLPXPGHWHFWDEOHSRZHUSHUVTXDUHURRWEDQGZLGWK
7KHWRWDOHTXLYDOHQWSRZHUVSHFWUDOGHQVLW\RIDERORPHWHU LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH -RKQVRQ QRLVH WKH SKRQRQ QRLVH WKH SKRWRQQRLVHWKHUHDGRXWQRLVHDQGWKHH[FHVVQRLVH
7KH SKRWRQ QRLVH LV GXH WR WKH EDFNJURXQG UDGLDWLRQ UHFHLYHG E\ WKH ERORPHWHU $W . WKH SKRWRQ QRLVH LV QHJOLJLEOH
7KH SKRQRQ QRLVH LV FDXVHG E\ WKH SKRQRQV SDVVLQJ IURP WKHGHWHFWRURYHUWKHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFHWRWKHVXEVWUDWHDQG LV FDOFXODWHG IURP WKH WHPSHUDWXUH IOXFWXDWLRQV LQVLGH WKH V\VWHP>@7KHSKRQRQQRLVHSRZHUVSHFWUDOGHQVLW\LVJLYHQ E\
69SKRQRQV ·N%·7·*·[9 I *·,
*,·G5G7 ,WFDQEHUHGXFHGE\ORZHULQJWKHWKHUPDOFRXSOLQJRIWKH ERORPHWHUWRWKHWKHUPDOEDWKLHWKHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFH*ZKLFKLVDOVRGHVLUHGIRUDQLQFUHDVHGUHVSRQVLYLW\
7KH -RKQVRQ QRLVH LV GXH WR UDQGRP IOXFWXDWLRQV RI WKH HOHFWURQ LQVLGH WKH ERORPHWHU 7KH -RKQVRQ QRLVH SRZHU VSHFWUDOGHQVLW\LVJLYHQE\
69- ·N%·7·5
7KLV QRLVH FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH 1(3 FDQ EH UHGXFHG E\
LQFUHDVLQJ WKH UHVSRQVLYLW\ RI WKH ERORPHWHU E\ UHGXFLQJ WKH HOHFWULFDOUHVLVWDQFHYDOXHRUE\UHGXFLQJWKHWHPSHUDWXUH
7KHUHDGRXWQRLVHLVGXHWRWKHHOHFWURQLFVVHWXS8VLQJD GHGLFDWHG KRPH PDGH FXUUHQW VRXUFH DQG D GHGLFDWHG KRPH PDGH YROWDJH DPSOLILHU WKLV FRQWULEXWLRQ FRXOG EH PDGH QHJOLJLEOHFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUV
7KHH[FHVVQRLVHFDQEHGHVFULEHGE\WKHIROORZLQJ+RRJH HPSLULFDO UHODWLRQ JHQHUDOO\ YHULILHG LQ QRUPDO PHWDOV ,WV FRQWULEXWLRQLQQRLVHSRZHUVSHFWUDOGHQVLW\WHUPLVJLYHQE\
69I Į+ Q·9
Χ·I
ZKHUH Į+ Q DQG I DUH UHVSHFWLYHO\ WKH GLPHQVLRQOHVV +RRJHSDUDPHWHU WKHFKDUJHFDUULHU GHQVLW\ >P@ WKH VDPSOH YROXPH >P@ DQG WKH PHDVXULQJ IUHTXHQF\ >+]@ 7KH ORZ IUHTXHQF\ QRLVH EULQJV LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH ILOP SURFHVVLQJ WHFKQLTXHTXDOLW\DQGWKHFKDUJHWUDQVSRUWSURSHUWLHV
6LQFH WKH QRLVH VRXUFHV DUH XQFRUUHODWHG WKH UHVXOWLQJ SRZHU VSHFWUDO GHQVLW\ LV WKH TXDGUDWXUH VXP RI DOO FRQWULEXWLRQV
,QRUGHUWRDFKLHYHWKHORZHVWSRVVLEOH1(3WKHERORPHWHU SDUDPHWHUV PXVW EH RSWLPL]HG IRU WKH RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV LQ RUGHU WR JHW KLJK UHVSRQVLYLW\ DQG ORZ WRWDO SRZHU QRLVH VSHFWUDOGHQVLW\LHKLJKVLJQDOWRQRLVHUDWLR
,,, (;3(5,0(17$/'(7$,/6
:HXVHGQPWKLFN/602¿OPVJURZQRQQPWKLFN 672EXIIHUOD\HUVRQ6LVXEVWUDWHVE\UHDFWLYH0%(>@
$IDEULFDWLRQSURFHVVEDVHGRQWKHVLOLFRQVXEVWUDWHUHPRYDOE\
5,( OHDG WR WKH VXFFHVVIXO IDEULFDWLRQ RI VXVSHQGHG /602 VWULSV ZLWK XQGHJUDGHG HOHFWULFDO SURSHUWLHV 7KH VXVSHQGHG EULGJHV ZHUH IDEULFDWHG E\ XVLQJ WKH LVRWURSLF QDWXUH RI WKH UHDFWLYH LRQ HWFKLQJ RI WKH VLOLFRQ LQ 6) JDV DV GHVFULEHG LQ
>@
$ODUJHQXPEHURIVXVSHQGHG/602VWULSVRIYDULRXVZLGWK RUPOHQJWKWRPDVZHOODVVXVSHQGHGVWULSV LQ SDUDOOHO LQ RUGHU WR IRUP VTXDUH VXVSHQGHG VXUIDFHV KDYH EHHQ FKDUDFWHUL]HG ,Q WKLV SDSHU WZR NLQGV RI VWUXFWXUHV DUH SUHVHQWHGPP ZLGH/602VXVSHQGHGPLFUREULGJHVDVZHOO DV QRQ VXVSHQGHG /602 OLQH SDWWHUQHG RQ WKH VDPH 6L VXEVWUDWH
7KH HOHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH RI IRXU PP ZLGH /602 VXVSHQGHG PLFUREULGJHV DV ZHOO DV RI WKH QRQ VXVSHQGHG /602 OLQH ZDV PHDVXUHG DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WHPSHUDWXUH LQ D IRXUSUREHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQ$SUREHUZLWKDYDULDEOHWHPSHUDWXUH VWDJH /$.(6+25( 773 WR KHDW WKH VDPSOH XS WR DURXQG .LQDSULPDU\YDFXXPDWPRVSKHUHDQGD6HPLFRQGXFWRU 3DUDPHWULF $QDO\]HU +3$ WR SORW WKH FXUUHQW±YROWDJH ,9FKDUDFWHULVWLFVKDYHEHHQXVHG
7KHERORPHWHUVWUXFWXUHVZHUHFXUUHQWELDVHGXVLQJDKRPH PDGHTXDVLLGHDO'&FXUUHQWVRXUFHZLWKQHJOLJLEOHQRLVHDQG KLJK RXWSXW LPSHGDQFH >@ 7KH YROWDJH DQG FXUUHQW PHDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH PDGH ZLWK WKH IRXUZLUH WHFKQLTXH 0HDVXUHPHQWV RI WKH RSWLFDO UHVSRQVLYLW\ YHUVXV IUHTXHQF\
ZHUHPDGHXVLQJDVSHFWUXPDQDO\]HU+3$DQGDKRPH PDGHYROWDJHDPSOLILHUFLUFXLW
,9 5(68/76
7KH HOHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH YDOXHV ZHUH GHGXFHG IURP WKH VORSHRIWKH,±9FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDIWHUKDYLQJFKHFNHGWKHOLQHDU QDWXUHRIWKHFXUYHVLHDQRKPLFEHKDYLRU)LJVKRZVWKH HOHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH YHUVXV WHPSHUDWXUH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH IRXU VXVSHQGHG EULGJHV DV ZHOO DV RI WKH QRQ VXVSHQGHG OLQH 7KHHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWLYLW\DW.RIWKHQRQVXVSHQGHGOLQHLV DERXW P:āFP ZKLFK LV FORVHWREXON YDOXHRI /602 >@
7KHHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWLYLW\PHDQYDOXHDW.RIWKHVXVSHQGHG EULGJHVLVP:āFP
9DOXHVRIWKHPD[LPXPRI7&5DUHDURXQG.7KH WHPSHUDWXUHRI WKH PD[LPXP RI7&5 LVDURXQG . IRUDOO WKH VXVSHQGHG PLFUREULGJHV DQG WKH QRQ VXVSHQGHG VWUXFWXUH 7KHVHUHVXOWVGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW RXU IDEULFDWLRQ SURFHVVGLGQRW GHJUDGHWKH/602
2
)LJ(OHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH WHPSHUDWXUH RI IRXU PP VXVSHQGHG EULGJHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW OHQJWKV PP PP PP DQG PPDQGRIDQRQVXVSHQGHGVWUXFWXUHPPZLGHPPORQJ
)LJG5G7OHIWD[LVDQG7&5ULJKWD[LVDVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHWHPSHUDWXUH RI IRXU PP VXVSHQGHG EULGJHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW OHQJWKV PP PP PPDQGPPDQGRIDQRQVXVSHQGHGVWUXFWXUHPPZLGHPP ORQJ
7KHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFH FDQ EH FDOFXODWHG DV WKH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFHWKURXJKWKHPHFKDQLFDOVXSSRUWRQO\ZKLFKLVWKH /602672 VHOIVXSSRUWHG PLFUREULGJH LWVHOI ,Q WKH FDVH RI XQLIRUPKHDWSURGXFWLRQ3UHFHLYHGE\WKHEULGJHRIHOHFWULFDO UHVLVWDQFH 5 ZH FDQ GH¿QH WKH DYHUDJH WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH'7 DQGZHFDQVKRZIURPWKHHTXDWLRQRIKHDWÀRZLQVROLGVWKDW WKHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFHLV>@
*·Z
O ·N/602·W/602N672·W672
ZKHUHODQGZDUHWKHOHQJWKDQGWKHZLGWKRIWKHVXVSHQGHG EULGJHN/602N672DQGW/602N672DUHWKHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWLYLW\
DQGWKLFNQHVVRIHDFKOD\HUFRQVWLWXWLQJWKHVXVSHQGHGEULGJH
)LJ7KHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFHRIVXVSHQGHGEULGJHVDW.
7KHWKHUPDOFRQGXFWDQFHRIVXVSHQGHGVWULSVZDVPHDVXUHG DW.)LJ2QHFDQVHHWKDWWKHPHDVXUHG*YDOXHVDUH YHU\ FORVH WR WKH FDOFXODWHG RQHV XVLQJ DQG WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\YDOXHVRI/602DQG672DQG:āPā.
UHVSHFWLYHO\>@
7KHPHDVXUHGYDOXHVDUHPRUHWKDQRUGHUVRIPDJQLWXGH ORZHU WKDQ WKH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWDQFH RI QRQVXVSHQGHG VWULSV
>@7KHUHVXOWLQJUHVSRQVLYLW\LVWKXVLQFUHDVHGE\PRUHWKDQ RUGHUVRIPDJQLWXGHFRPSDUHGWRQRQVXVSHQGHGERORPHWHUV VHH
,Q RXU H[SHULPHQW WKH PHDVXUHG QRLVH SRZHU VSHFWUDO GHQVLWLHVFRQVLVWRIIQRLVHDWORZIUHTXHQF\DQGZKLWHQRLVH XS WR N+] )LJXUH VKRZ WKH QRLVH SRZHU VSHFWUDO GHQVLWLHV RI WKH QRQ VXVSHQGHG EULGJH DV ZHOO DV RI WKH VXVSHQGHGEULGJHVDW.1RLVHVSHFWUDW\SLFDOO\FRQVLVWRI WZR SDUWV D ORZ IUHTXHQF\ QRLVH DQG WKH ZKLWH SDUW 1R ORUHQW]LDQFRPSRQHQWZDVREVHUYHG
,Q FDVH RI WKH QRQ VXVSHQGHG EULGJH WKH ZKLWH QRLVH LV LQGHSHQGHQW RI FXUUHQW YDOXH DQG IUHTXHQF\ ZKLFK FDQ EH HVWLPDWHG E\ -RKQVRQ QRLVH $IWHU FKHFNLQJ WKH TXDGUDWLF GHSHQGHQFH RI 69 ZLWK WKH VDPSOH YROWDJH WKH QRUPDOL]HG +RRJH SDUDPHWHU Į+Q LV HVWLPDWHG )RUI QRLVH LWV YDOXH LV YHU\ORZîPDQGLVFRPSDUDEOHWRSXEOLVKHGYDOXHV
>@
,QFDVHRIWKHVXVSHQGHGEULGJHVIQRLVHLVDOVRYHU\ORZ î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
)LJ1RLVH SRZHU VSHFWUDO GHQVLWLHV PHDVXUHG DW . IRU GLIIHUHQW ELDV FXUUHQWVDDPPZLGHPPORQJQRQVXVSHQGHGEULGJHDQGEDPP ZLGHPPORQJVXVSHQGHGEULGJH
7KHXQFRROHG/602ERORPHWHUVILQDOO\VKRZHGUHFRUGORZ 1RLVH (TXLYDOHQW 3RZHU RI DERXW :+] DW URRP WHPSHUDWXUHZKLFKLVWKHVWDWHRIWKHDUWIRUXQFRROHGWKHUPDO GHWHFWRU
5()(5(1&(6
>@ $ 8UXVKLEDUD < 0RULWRPR 7 $ULPD $ $VDPLWVX * .LGR <
7RNXUD3K\V5HY%
>@ /0pFKLQ6:X%*XLOOHW33HUQD&)XU6/HEDUJ\&$GDPR '* 6FKORP -0 5RXWRXUH - 3K\V ' $SSO 3K\V )DVW 7UDFN
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
>@ 6 /LX % *XLOOHW $ $U\DQ & $GDPR & )XU -0 5RXWRXUH ) /HPDULp'*6FKORP/0pFKLQ0LFURHOHFWURQ(QJ
>@ -&0DWKHU$SSO2SW±
>@ -&0DWKHU$SSO2SW
>@ / 0pFKLQ & $GDPR 6 :X % *XLOOHW 6 /HEDUJ\ & )XU -0 5RXWRXUH60HUFRQH0%HOPHJXHQDLDQG'*6FKORP3K\V6WDWXV 6ROLGL$
>@ -0 5RXWRXUH ' )DGLO 6 )ODPHQW DQG / 0pFKLQ 3URF WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 1RLVH DQG )OXFWXDWLRQV ,&1) $,3
&RQIHUHQFH3URFHHGLQJVYROQRSS±
>@ ' 3 1HLNLUN :D\QH : /DP DQG ' % 5XWOHGJH ,QW - ,QIUDUHG 0LOOL9RO1R
>@ /0pFKLQ-&9LOOpJLHU'%OR\HW-$SSO3K\V
>@/0:DQJ-+/DL-,:X-$SSO3K\V
>@, (O.DVVDE $0 $KPHG 3 0DQGDO . %DUQHU $ .DWWZLQNHO 8 6RQGHUPDQQ3K\VLFD%
>@+0XWD..XURVDNL6<DPDQDND-$OOR\V&RPSG
>@': 2K - 5DYLFKDQGUDQ &: /LDQJ : 6LHPRQV % -DODQ &0
%URRNV 0 +XLMEHQ '* 6FKORP 6 6WHPPHU /: 0DUWLQ $ 0DMXPGDU55DPHVK'*&DKLOO$SSO3K\V/HWW
>@$ $U\DQ % *XLOOHW -0 5RXWRXUH & )XU 3 /DQJORLV / 0pFKLQ
$SSO6XUI6FLHQFH
4