Giving voice to people in poverty in Belgian social policy making since the 1990's : a window of opportunity for a political demarche?

(1)

023454637384973843363453 584330

!"#$%&'!($' $)'*!(+,-./01223456789:;5<:5=>?@A BCD96E5D89F=9>=C:?CG=H<=5<59F>=ICE:=?9FJD<98@K L=>=5F;>5>5@9D>=CFCGMN*N M$*'NO$('$(P$&''!5>5FQI5:5A

;9<@9F>C695DICD96?@5R9F<9FJD<98@5F;S8:CIKTD=C8<= -./I:C;86=9CFI:C6>>CIF;5Q9F;CQCGCIIC:=8F9=?GC:5 ICD9=965D;@5:60Q59@=C=5>C8=Q=:=I5:=969I5=C:? :=C:965F;U:69>:>8D=;9F5:5DIC>>9B9D9=?=CQ5:;>>C695D 65F<5F;>C695DV8>=96KW9D8F:5EDD9F<=-./I:C;86=9CF I:C6>>0Q=5>C8=CQ5F;=CQ5=U=F=CIIC:=8F9=9>5:C>

GC:ICID9FICE:=?=C>I5RGC:=@>DE>K

(2)

013145647836941964691491843 194819348314641 36639461939194839469!"#

$% &'#(!)*%+% &#&,#-./%#012 '3456789 94649539461345946:;<=414934

>?@AB^:CD456783468399 4393969684436494834591931 184386483689345911 53369C0993984941931 45919483619313E38 3614945394659638893861 F681831146F349G36311484 81461843319391986139E9 413194619434H83493419119G^IC 768319391468314658163 49481419494693846598946 184346F34941463934H3946 9F3498494H6148F494194 94618136^JC

K44659318648836 3L683636184941 9446519M3864136N468 864859469O6P4N94149

QRST^UVWXYZ[\^YU]^_`&)%*#+12 '#%"#2./%#a!*,%+!b#cNde:fgV^hWT[Xⁱ^jWYV^_k&l!+mb#n345dee<g[V^hWT[Xⁱ^jWYV^_ Eo68148494H614p34H465996943G46qr!'2s#` ."!'b#6C:deet3::9C<;Mu:C

vRST^UVWXYZ[\^YU]w_`&)%*#+12 '#%"#2./%#a!*,%+!b#CfC

xRS]Û]yZ[z^VUjYVE{419494698564946C6431194846319M184341935G46$!a#|!,#0!l!ab#}~}b# :;;fCu=;g]Û]yZ[z^VUjYV^_.' )!#!++.s .'b#53666p895:;;tg]Û]yZ[z^VUjYV^_

E89464658564946G46$!a#|!,#0!l!ab#b#deeeC:etM:deg]^U]yZ[z^VUjYVE834651948463534H465G @#$!a#|!,#0!l!ab#b#deefCu;==g]^U]yZ[z^VUjYVE0631948G46q+)%*#.+mb#39deeeC;M<ddC

RS^jWU[Y^ji^]U^]\YVjY]w_!*,%+!#' % !'##+%'&##% &%*#%"%s % &'##1*&%*#!)&&/!'b#66:;;ug T^YVU][\^YXYYyw_(!#%+)2!) ..+#l%#"!#a!*l%%+'' %% b#6:;;dC

RST^YVU][\^YXYYyw_&/!'l!+"!*1b#'&)%*!#r!!+2!"#!#'&)%%*#!*!"b#0696:;tdgW^TUj[T^hTVYZ[ÛVjTUXXw_ qr!'2s#%"#'&)%*#)*%''#%"#& 2!+#!''%m'b#n345:;feg\Û]i^YX[ÛVU[ÛVUwE65349339p 186753946131141936891936139461939184353:;dfMde:f9G46!*1')2#"')2+,#l&&+#

$!.a' !#!')2!"!'b#de:uC

RSy^TVi^jWi^U]Y[V^Yi^]YyYE834146591843pD41836946K19636E3L69184941GG @_q& !/s&+%+m#¡.+&s!%#-' &+mb#}#3P843o11e<9de:fCfffMftuC

¢RSⁱ^yTUYX[T^UVVi^]W]w_2!#£ 2!+#¤/!+)%##k&l!+ m##2!#!"#` % !'b#5:;udgy^TUVXYj[^UXY]Wi^]Yw_q.*.+!#

%"#s&l!+ m##q+.!#%"#q&. !+¥s+&s&'%*'b#n4835:;u=g^YWYV[W^¦]jY]\w_2!#q&)!s #&,#k&l!+ mb#66:;teg

^YWYV[W^¦]jY]\^_k&l!+m##2!#!"#§1"&/##%#`.+l!m#&,#2&.'!2&*"#+!'&.+)!'#%"#' %"%+"'#&,#*l1b#73619 :;t;gT^YVU][\^YXYYyw_£1!*2!"!##"!#!*l%%+' %% b#0696:;ttgT^YVU][\^YXYYyw[^UVYX[^U][^\Y][¨^jyTw[

U]\[Xⁱ^YY[\^Y[X^UWTh¦YVw[k&l!+m#%"#2!#%"!.%)m#&,#'&)%*#'!).+m##2!#¡q©#¤#)&/s%+% l!#%%*m''b#0:;;dg ª^U][^VU]Y]w_¤+/&!"!##"!#a!*l%%+' %% ##!!#s&11#& #2' &+')2!#!#' +.) .+!*!#s*%% '1b#89339136465 464149490696:;ttC

«RS^Vi^YW[V^YWj[Û]\[V^h\i[V^jYwED4H4656465694618494H6144663481364654648486491G @_^YVW[¨ⁱ^YjWUw[ÛViÛ[¨^hYV]Y\^Y[¨ⁱ^Yw[Û]\[\Û]]Z[¦ⁱ^X\YYYVjyT[¬^Y\jw#ql)#*!%+1b#"!/&)+% )#)r!'2sb#%"#2!#s.*)#

's2!+!b#689®196de:<C

689456939145351 3118946311861413636 5465648311^<Co693939 945678941946319469 349469348399366936 311834H18431948361843F349 31963944693946931939^fC o693:;te13636 319391+!"')&l!+!"9^uCo654 36936869419538 6488411:;t36:;t;383939 91843193193931393691 314469C{465734659636

¯369464694P036D6164694°

543638348118316836¯366 9849484H946939469 31939^tCP38494F148939 94183689693694969 469318494H613694 F69N4681694658564H 461843469389461311943948 38649361849⁼CS46519 3169641893176C 64118313359399418 94636543161 1431981618434591369

(3)

01234167328694101746786614736 6611934176734139843709439 0174678441746761813996810 6743974119867341786783706743 046787417839910701748681 67093884178^!"

#74341701174674187$6131 01196103493969439340117017 1876%6143703746148434118 31211701710370671439101260 7%34382117411036948610842 467370&63694861674673701814^!!

'6938310182106%7419384013018 641("4174369486167467370 1814368168767193467398269 3709439381486614^!()108681 68639*8416711741106710842 4671894107938610842467243986 77138790673749386167467

+,-.^/01/234^500/678662*14960:3701*317184610111418701%193348843347;19<=!>?!@AB CDEFGHIJKLMNOJPQKLMRJSTNUVVRNWJGXYKTGNZGKLMJGQG[JK\N]("!?=^_8###B?A?`0âbc3dê^fb/0gEhVUGRTijjjNkNl^0e^/b30^1/bf730âme30^11f/73 n^50e⁵3m^/34ê^/73dê^/23o^d5/f3^52m3p^//0b3^q523c^1q/r3%78667118s)19668134346773746146937 729697487;19 7tVLJuHNhVHJLiNvNwQxJ[JKTRuTJV[\N76@("!(=]yB?"?!"

z{,-0^abc3d^e^fb/07EhVUGRTi\N!y>

zz,-|^/b/034^/0/f}10m'1181886396937041416%1931 7~RJTJLuHNtVLJuHNhVHJLi\N=]B(""!]]>!(`E

|^/b/034^/0/f}10m7r343467370863969)3786346792134676193467s 703f^/f73o34^1oc/d73

52m32/3/^dde^f123/^mfgEtVLJuHNhVHJLiNGUJGYNNNGUGHVxG[TKNu[QNGuTGKN\;8469r69r188(""(

(y>(?@`5^22/3|^ce^dde^|f#01744694831%176%30176s 7.35^2m/0f/23^52m343fêⁿ3^/mfgEOMGNVHJTJLKNVSN J[LHXKJV[Nu[QNGxVYGRxG[TNNIG[QGR\NLHuKKNu[QNLJTJG[KMJ\N1%6r393139937(""!Ay]?`|^5ad3nêôc5/d3 p^500/bb16774194346786416943941661674671967714373813708639%6 CDEFRJTJKMNVXR[uHNVSNtVLJuHNVR\N=>B("!"!>!@!>AA

z,-}^05f/0gERVxNRGQJKTRJXTJV[NTVNRGLVI[JTJV[NkN}^05f/0gEXKTJLGNJ[TGRRXTXKNkN0^abc3d^e^fb/0694861674673701814

#76971691%411171661470186737434314841918 7tVLJuHNhVHJLiNvNtVLJGTi\N=!B(""(

A@]y

z,-|^5ad3n^e^oc5/d3p^500/bb3431%143973264%17%14393264916921398:s 7 XRVGu[NVXR[uHNVSNtVLJuHN

VR\N((=(B("!!??(""`b^a02/073WGVHJGRuHNJQGVHVIi\N$072¡7184r188$072(""?

z¢,-f^b/|c/23£^/44=1B388129741914)1694861084246737016746778639%67FRJTJKMNVXR[uHNVSN tVLJuHNVR\N=?B("!"(Ay](A@`^5b0e^/234^112/gEtVLJuHNYVR\NVUGRTi\Nu[QNuRJTiNVSNuRTJLJuTJV[NNuNKGuRLMNSVRNKVLJuHN PXKTJLGjNr¤088143467¥174¡7184;19("!?

z¦,-c^50bd/3m^/52r61408681370410816%1174641667~RJTJLuHNtVLJuHNhVHJLi\N76A>!(=!(B @??`|^/b/034^/0/f}10m73m^5qe^m3p^0//2730âbc3dê^fb/03^52m3^5bc/0e^2/3£^11m50mgE§¨©ª«¬®¯«°¬®±²³´®µ®¶¨¨«®¶ª¨¶·ª®°¶ª²¸®¹¨«® TMGxKGHUGK\N_67067!0âbc3dê^fb/0694861674673701814º `0âbc3dê^fb/0662*144682*14 79073739810417876937 7hVHJLiNvNhVHJTJLK\N76A(""@=A>B]A@]>>`n^50e⁵34^1aq/02/»m^/34ê^/73 5^2.⁵3o^d5/f735^2m0¼3m^/3o^1o3^52m3.⁵²3q^52c//gEwRxVGQGNG[NuRTJLJuTJG\N¥174(""A`nêôc5d3^0an/0»2^/q1_8417746 99176%9101:371%181301467761484018 7½[TGR[uTJV[uHNVXR[uHNVSNtVLJuHNGHSuRG\N76(("">=!]B !"y`nêôc5d3^0an/0»2^/q16768146616%8639%6372171464176%910161691 9776147½[TGR[uTJV[uHNtVLJuHNVR\N76](""?=>!B>>y>y>ò^c0e^fbe^52/30^/e^2/o/_63987418639 41108616237614718417$613793¾174861418:7~V[TGxVRuRiN XRVGu[N¿JKTVRi\NN

='139#881"]B("!>>>>>@y

zÀ,-|^/b/034^/0/f}10m'11818:76%910183708639%641667¾466993263467s 7FRJTJKMNVXR[uHNVSNtVLJuHN

VR\76]("""=A"B]A zÁ,-m^/52gEtVLJuHNJIMTKj

)801196174011034964169439 9119641%193184341014611771692 139346739418^!A24%38398669117410 3708641028639611748^!])13*6 10174676614761041138867 6134346716746769176%9101 3701814%8434104674673817439 370067374671487863969146 70181$61376741887141!"8^!>

)13174%384341691761431 41334469313707011086141846 619176%9101674169439618 867393301370693731703 ^!y r6*14741613709176%910161691 761474641296669439370 01634012341382117678011046213 14717437461484341^!@'6113918 634346174186169176147 69373141RGKJ[KJNGVRTEÂÃEÄÅÆEÇÈÂ 76370'639É6797371=!?@B`41

(4)

01231567897182661860123678 88678218861678 !"#$%&'()*)+,6780123156781826- 8.16'()))+,678266186 /678085288120'())1+678 2!"! 3# !45 &#5"#657! &898:'678;<=

/78())>+^(*?

@67268=081251:12826- 21678216121815678;<=0768 8267621:168161528161 2886802:11:3 98:=2:6760128A868 678B21821C86⁽⁾?@98:=75862 1511:35682678.8101202 67828182151826678:D()EF :682812667618285- 6:861898G1826108 /2816115H6782868286 18215112818I^JK?@6028868 C168628158181826=1012382 LMNOPQRSTOLUQPTVOLWXWMYOLQOTSUPYMWQWPMOPZOQRSOVQLMN- 16158181826626218 067282886681:382^[(?

0801386120668616171068- 8211/16781818263"OQRSWTO 28288668=08167826387182= 082818678;<2161218?

7=6708\82:861/1268 668:6/8608828615182663871-

]^_`a^bcbdefcgh^bih^jklOmnopqrstuqvrtwxyzt{tc^fdb|ebkgh^j|ghi^jcg}^b~O$ &3"#5#!5% 3%8#5#5 "3 8#4!54!#3!#"#!& !!#

457! &8#3"#5%3#"&&&5"#!%5!#3!#&5#57! %5!#5%3#!%5"#7:D80123D\5128262815 :82=[FFF,d^}^ddbkhd^b}=H91868611:18:8615112818216126611082I 9?^jii}^bdhhkhj^}^kjk^bb|jh~^bch'B?+=63 &%43&5"#3 "33&5"#3"#!3 !#! 7%!#%5"%!4&#45&%#3"#

4 3%&%!#3% 5# 54!3"#%5"&!#768=[F(>=?(E1D(*[,^}^kkjchd^}^kbch^j|ghd^ibb|h^}^bh^}^kkbc=H.1B\1?

78B21821761.168I= "%3&5 '.2[FF¡+=[FF¡?

]¢_`78216115678;<8067678B218511182618\1=077028A868678 /611567828882H678B111I18:/82())¡=51108/828B21811:86 8678=8??678/1286'[FFFD[F(F+=B218[F[F'[F(FD[F[F+=678.18:8671512911261'£9+= 08678.1@86:86'.@+?.88b^c}^¤h^jck}^bch^j|ghg^j}^gh|^jijk}O 54!#¥¦¥¦#§#&53 #3#5 !#5%3#¨#©# 928=[F(F?

ª«_`^j|h^cj|b|=H¬:18282:18821866I=¥¦#33 #®¯°#§#±33 #!!"#3%&3! "#73"#

!&#33&%3444 5!%&#^j|h^cj|b|lha^jcih^j|bc¤blhk^~¤h¤^jcif|hh^bcjcgh^j|h^b|²bkh³b^gd´=88=())*=?E*?

ª]_`c^fbidh^bih^jkl#63"#5 #45"!! #

ªª_`^c~bc|^bfOµ 5#75%!#&5#¶"5!!·#?[*[?

ª¸_`c^b}^|b¤bO¹5%3"#&!#5%3·#?ºº)?

8268::521:16=86»28827=

2158110123268'85D+1- 12¼61?6717678;<2161 2181880101511266512 168:278=08:61688160786782 678266122786128\8282678

;<21612182868/167281- 612862/61=282886281- /661021781C68?

2:82D81768676=6717:

612B21818688\68128 678826881567881D826612 8:12686280678181826= 678H1168567821867217077 67872186'½+67821867681- 818266113678:1682I^JJ?7 2188828182113=<8838276 LTY¾SV^J¿?086782851285116782161 21815678;<=:61826710 610768\68678/8151082 26762161218818:

781881126685128181- 8266183512678:88?

76/811527 28121560138638718267827815

98:'+67827815 91À161'9À+=76721 7718612¼61077728 /788821826281268()*¡

01/81:8678512:88215678;<21-