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The integration process of Non-EU citizens in Luxembourg From an empirical approach towards a theoretical model

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A. Recruitment and Ethical Aspects

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B. Facilitation Guide

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C.Analysis

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(FG2) my problem was that I have to learn so many languages…that is another thing about the country. If you go to Germany, you speak only German and then you go to France and you speak only French. Here it is a multilingual, multicultural country.

(FG3) The three languages are required for certain jobs. I worked as a primary school teacher for young children and it is difficult to integrate myself because of the problem of the three languages.

(FG11) To integrate, like find work or find your place

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International Science Index, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol:9, No:11, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004047

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here, pay the taxes here is very hard, first of all because of the languages, for me it’s even harder because I’m a psychologist and at the National Employment Administration Agency they told me as much.

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(FG1) What is the main language to be learned? That is the great difficulty

(FG7) It’s hard to find a course and decide which language to do first.

(FG1) The Luxembourgers themselves are unable to tell us which language one has to learn when they arrive in the country.

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(FG4) I think of my family, my children ... for me it was the Luxembourgish language would see me assimilate.

(FG3) It is necessary for me to do this through the Luxembourgish language because I want to apply for Luxembourg nationality.

FG7) When I moved here I found it was French in the city center for the workers, and it was Luxembourgish for the native people, and so I said I have to learn that 8VLQJRU/RVLQJWKH/DQJXDJH$FTXLUHG

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(FG4) I would like to speak Luxembourgish. Now I'm at level B1:1, only twice a week. But where can I speak?

Maybe you can arrange something so that we can speak better.

(FG7) I think tandem speaking would be a great activity. You learn Luxembourgish from a Luxembourger and then you teach your language to them.

(FG3) If OLAI organizes a cultural activity, it should be through the Luxembourgish language classes or the citizenship courses. But such activities must be done with Luxembourgers. It would be nice to organize meetings with Luxembourgers, they are very closed and they remain among themselves.

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(FG1) It's true that when one does not understand it's rather annoying because you cannot participate in the life of the town.

(FG1) Everything they send us whether the village festivals, town celebrations, everything is in Luxembourgish.There are no translations, and after a while it drives us away a little bit because you do not understand.

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(FG10) Creating a group, a cohort of people who have similar backgrounds and going through their integration at the same time.

(FG10) That is a good idea. In the XY we have the same thing. Groups of people who started to work at the same period, to make connections, and make a link. Like support groups.

B. Professional Career

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(FG3) I am a lawyer and I asked for the equivalent of my degree ... two years ago I went to the Ministry and the person told me that first I had to find myself a job and an employer, so I could eventually seek recognition for my degree, but who would employ me without recognition of my degree?

(FG5) The other thing besides the language is professional development and recognition of diplomas and qualifications that we already have.

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(FG6) Companies like CL, a private consulting

International Science Index, Humanities and Social Sciences Vol:9, No:11, 2015 waset.org/Publication/10004047

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FG10): There are people who are desperate. And after all of that, my husband has serious health problems, because of psychological stress…now if we go back; we are both jobless, so I am obliged to stay here. So when we talk about integration, we have to talk about jobs, because people need money to eat and pay the bills. My husband has now lost his faith.

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(FG11) It’s hard for everyone who comes to a new country…you don’t know anything about the culture you don’t have friends

FG3) OLAI [The Integration office] could organize more cultural activities so that people can integrate more. It is OLAI that should encourage this.

(FG1) There are also the small village festivals, why not organize ourselves in small groups to learn about things from Luxembourg.

(FG9 There are these sports events where they form multicultural sports teams and you come and play…they want teams to have multiple nationalities. The whole point of integration is to make people participate.

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(FG4) I am in a choir. I sing in Luxembourgish and German. It's a plus. It helps me get by, even though I don’t speak fluent Luxembourgish. Having a passion ...

and getting to make small sentences or small talk, it gives me great pleasure

(FG2) You need to get integrated to the structure of the country. To get to know the politics, the health system how it works and to be able to communicate with people...have discussions about experiences in Luxembourg.

(FG9)when I came here like 2.5 years ago, I didn’t know who to reach out to, there were hardly any people.

In a sense my office was kind of nice because they have a lot of people in it, but I know a lot of people who work in offices where there are like 10-15 people and they can’t have a proper networking in the office.

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(FG6) Provide learning materials related to Luxembourgish culture, history, everyday life…on the bus, in the supermarket, maybe provide a book reading recommendation list etc.…We do not get much information on local festivals.

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(FG1) I work with children…children really are very different to each other and for me the main thing is to try to make a coalition between small children, since they are the new generation of Luxembourg…for me the integration starts at school.

FG3) Professionally I am a lawyer and I came here for love.

(FG4) I am Mexican ... first love. I had a French boyfriend for years, when I was 16, we stayed friends reconnected ten years later, and now are now married.

(FG4) I did not come to Luxembourg because I made a choice that isin Luxembourg where I wanted to live. It is through marriage ties and love that I am here. So I am forced to accept the conditions of life, all that happens

(FG10) …in our case [a couple] it was not integration it was one job; we came here just for one job.

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(FG1) When I go to some ministries here, I feel I'm treated as if I was going to visit prisoners in my country, so I hate it and I prefer not to go.

(FG1) In Peru on the streets one greets you and talks, that's all this is not to make a move on you, but here men believe that if you talk to them it is to make a move on them. The women if you talk to them, they hold their bag as if I was going to steal it...

(FG1) I am from Panama ... maybe because we come from a region that for us it is normal that when you arrive in a country you get to know your neighbor…when we came here it was a shock ... here in winter it's cold and people lock themselves at home.

(FG1) Most important is at school, because in Luxembourgish schools there is too much racism and it comes from all sides not just teachers

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(FG4) My age may have played a big role; because I am elderly and with the crisis...to make things easier, opportunities are given to young people...I was also stuck with languages because as it turns out, everything is more difficult at a certain age.

FG10) I had a very unpleasant situation with National Employment Administration. The first question they asked me was, how old I am... Our conversation ended with him telling me that I don’t have any chance to find a job here, because of my age and previous experience, since employers don’t want someone who will ask for a bigger salary, and that people who are younger than me and without experience have greater chance.

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(FG11) Now I feel I’m maybe 50% integrated … I think integration is a process...you need some time for yourself…at the beginning when I came here I tried with all my strength to get into a lot of things…but then I forgot where I had seen this or that and that was really frustrating, and so I told myself “you need time to know the country, to know the city, the places you have to go to get some papers, to pay bills it takes time”

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(FG7) It depends on you, to go and find information about your municipality. You can’t stay at home.

(FG11) I think that there are two sides to it. The two sides should invest in that. We should not just expect of Luxembourg to integrate me into society. I have to give my piece to integrate. I think that the problem is that people expect from society to receive them, but they don't give anything of themselves. I think it's a little problem.

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(FG2) I learned well French and Luxembourgish, I know how to write and speak but when I go out and I speak to the people…the attitude is a bit… People try to switch language. Once I tried to speak Luxembourgish to some people, I know it was not perfect, but at the end they told me “I like your Deutsche.”

(FG7)If OLAI reached out to Luxembourgers and asked who wants to help, then gave them a channel through which they can meet us and for us to meet them.

I would like to see after we get the certificate, regular activities to meet Luxembourgers or practice Luxembourgish, so I can continue to integrate.

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(FG9) For me, it’s a little confusing what exactly OLAI wants to do through this process. It’s not very clear…

(FG9) The thing is that you get this certificate but then you don’t know what’s next, what I’m I supposed to do?

How can I contribute? This certificate doesn’t usually help me in any way. I think the benefit I can really think of is that if you decide to stay here and you want to apply for citizenship, you are exempt from certain tests… What one doesn’t understand is what the actual benefit of having this is. Does it give you any benefits?

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(FG1) The question is after 24 months are we really integrated? No, you are not integrated.

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(FG2): Personally CAI did not help me to get integrated but you cannot take me as a rule because I have only Luxembourgish friends here and I know a lot.

We speak only Luxembourgish and they take me to everything they take part in and we talk about politics.

(FG2): I am doing the language courses but that is all for me. The language I would do it anyway, with or without the CAI. So there is nothing for me to say “Hey I am proud of being part of OLAI”. This is it for me.

(FG9) What is it that I would need that would make me go back to the [CAI] website? To check what?If they’re maybe organizing sessions like where people can come and talk to people who are in the same situation or have had similar problems…then yes, I would say that then it would make sense to go back to the site.

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(FG9) I was thinking how do you keep people engaged? They come, they sign up they do these two courses and then they take the language courses and then they go away. But then what does the government intend to do with these people? Do they really go back and check that they are integrating well? There’s no kind of like reconnect stuff. There’s no connection with this kind of stuff…so the re-engagement is actually missing.

(FG10): Madam Minister was present, and she made a nice speech, so there were important people talking to us, they give us their time and had the will to talk with us.

And now I am wondering are they interested to hear more about us?

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