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Etude des pratiques en antibiothérapie dans la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge

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(1)Etude des pratiques en antibiothérapie dans la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge Cecile Adam. To cite this version: Cecile Adam. Etude des pratiques en antibiothérapie dans la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge. Médecine vétérinaire et santé animale. Université Clermont Auvergne, 2017. Français. �NNT : 2017CLFAC088�. �tel-03092261�. HAL Id: tel-03092261 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03092261 Submitted on 2 Jan 2021. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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